WO1999030964A1 - Offshore production and storage facility and method of installing the same - Google Patents
Offshore production and storage facility and method of installing the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999030964A1 WO1999030964A1 PCT/US1997/024076 US9724076W WO9930964A1 WO 1999030964 A1 WO1999030964 A1 WO 1999030964A1 US 9724076 W US9724076 W US 9724076W WO 9930964 A1 WO9930964 A1 WO 9930964A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- barge
- storage
- tanks
- tank
- concrete
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
- B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2250/00—Production methods
- E02D2250/0053—Production methods using suction or vacuum techniques
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
- E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
- E02D27/38—Foundations for large tanks, e.g. oil tanks
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/22—Piles
- E02D5/24—Prefabricated piles
- E02D5/28—Prefabricated piles made of steel or other metals
- E02D5/285—Prefabricated piles made of steel or other metals tubular, e.g. prefabricated from sheet pile elements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the storage of well fluids produced from offshore wells. More specifically, the present invention relates to a submergible storage system for the temporary storage of oil produced from wells completed in deep, remote offshore locations.
- Oil and gas produced from offshore wells must be transported from the site of the well to a land-based, refining, storage, or transportation facility for subsequent processing and dispersement to the end users.
- production fluids are transported either via a submerged pipeline or by a tanker from temporary storage facilities located at the well site.
- a large production facility may process the well fluids before they are transported by the tanker or pipeline to the final user.
- the present invention provides an offshore production and storage facility that may be economically employed in deep water and remote offshore locations.
- a production facility e.g., a single caisson-type, is employed in combination with a submerged temporary storage system that permits the fluid production from the well to be temporarily stored and periodically transferred to a tanker for transport to a land-based facility.
- One or more wells are drilled at the offshore site using either a conventional jack-up rig or another suitable drilling rig.
- the well is completed using a suitable production platform. Fluids produced from the well are temporarily stored in a submerged tank system from which the fluids are periodically transferred to a tanker for transport to the land-based processing or distribution facility.
- the oil storage system is comprised of a series of steel tanks that are secured to the deck of a submergible concrete barge.
- the flat-bottomed, concrete barge is compartmentalized to receive and distribute seawater into different compartments as required to ballast and trim the barge as it is being towed from the place of its construction to the offshore well site.
- Multiple steel tanks strapped to the deck of the barge are coated with concrete to protect them from the pressure differentials produced during the process of submerging and retrieving the storage tanks.
- the barge compartments are filled with seawater and equalized to corresponding sea pressure.
- the air content of the tanks is regulated by surface vessels employed in the placement of the barge.
- Sufficient water is added to the concrete-coated storage tanks.
- the tanks are supplied with sufficient pressurized air to prevent crushing pressure differentials from developing across the tank walls while simultaneously regulating the buoyancy of the assembly as it is submerged so as not to exceed the weightlifting capacities of the positioning vessels.
- the tanks of the barge are connected to the flow lines from the production or gathering facility and to the off-loading, or "sales,” lines that connect with a surface buoy for access by the oil tanker.
- Water is pumped from a flowline extending from the surface to the barge into the tanks. Air pressure is released from the tanks as the tanks and flowline fill with water. Pressure release is controlled by a control septum (CS) to maintain external and internal pressure of the tanks at equilibrium.
- CS control septum
- fluids produced from the well are supplied to the tanks while an equal volume of seawater is simultaneously displaced from the tanks and flows through the flowline to be processed at the surface.
- the hydrocarbon fluids produced from the well are lighter than seawater and rise to the top of the tanks. This automatically offsets the volume of oil added to the tank top. Maintaining the tanks full of liquid at all times prevents the development of destructive pressure differentials that would crush the tanks under the hydrostatic pressure of the seawater.
- the caisson may employ the barge as an additional structural support. This feature is particularly advantageous where the sea bottom is hard, making it difficult to set anchors from which the caisson may be guyed. Where the caisson may be easily guyed, the storage barge may rest adjacent to the caisson base and function independently of structural connection with the caisson.
- the steel tanks forming the storage chambers for the well fluids are internally braced to further improve their crush resistance.
- the internal braces are laterally ported at their upper and lower extremes to permit the lateral transfer of fluids as may be required to completely disperse water or oil from the tank by the introduction of a displacing fluid.
- the temporary storage assembly can be retrieved and moved to be used at another location. Retrieval of the storage barge from the sea bottom is effected by pumping air into the storage tanks to displace water and buoy the assembly to the surface. At the surface, the tanks may be completely emptied and the barge chambers partially evacuated of water to re-ballast and trim the barge for towing to the new location.
- a primary object of the present invention is to provide a portable, offshore production and storage facility that may be employed to temporarily store the fluid production from a production or gathering facility in deep water.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a submergible fluid storage facility that can be employed in combination with a caisson-type well completion to provide structural support for the caisson in a deep-water, hard- bottomed location.
- Another important object of the present invention is to provide a storage facility that may be controllably positioned and retrieved in deep water and that may be employed to temporarily store the production of fluids from a well in relatively deep water.
- An important object of the present invention is to provide a pressure-resistant, submergible storage facility that can be employed in deep waters while resisting the high hydrostatic crushing pressures present in such sites.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a pressure-resistant tank that includes a concrete coating to provide increased resistance to pressure-induced crushing forces by employing the concrete coating to protect the underlying steel body of the storage tank.
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide a submergible, temporary oil storage system that may be refloated and moved to serve as a temporary oil storage system at another offshore location.
- Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation illustrating an offshore production and storage facility constructed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention
- Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation illustrating a modified form of the submerged production facility of the present invention wherein the facility provides structural support for a caisson-type well completion;
- Fig. 3 is an overhead view taken along the line 3-3 of Fig. 2 illustrating the tanks secured to the barge of the present invention
- Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 4-4 of Fig. 3 illustrating details in the construction of a tank employed in the production facility of the present invention
- Fig. 5 is a vertical cross-sectional view taken along the line 5-5 of Fig. 4 illustrating additional details in the construction of a tank employed in the production facility of the present invention
- Fig. 6 is an illustration, partially in vertical section, depicting the initial lowering of the submergible storage facility of the present invention
- Fig. 7 is a view similar to Fig. 6 illustrating the storage facility partially submerged.
- Fig. 8 is a view similar to Figs. 6 and 7 illustrating the storage facility resting on the sea bottom in preparation for receiving production fluids from an associated well.
- Fig. 9 is a partial, elevational view showing another embodiment of the facility of the present invention.
- the offshore production and storage facility of the present invention is indicated generally at 10 in Fig. 1 of the drawings.
- the facility 10 includes an oil well, indicated generally at 11 , that employs a caisson 12 to support a small surface production platform 13 extending above the surface S of a body of water W.
- a well casing 14 extends through the caisson 12 to the production platform 13 where production casing and tubing in the well are connected to a wellhead (not illustrated).
- Guy lines 15 extending between the caisson 12 and embedded anchors 16 positioned in the bottom B of the water body are employed to maintain the caisson erect.
- three guy lines 15 are disposed at 120° spacings from each other about the base of the caisson 12. Where conditions of the bottom permit, the caisson 12 and the anchors 16 are driven into the water bottom B by a surface-operated pile driving device. Bottoms that are too hard to be sufficiently penetrated by pile-driven structures may be drilled to receive the caisson and anchors.
- the caisson may be placed in position by the rig that also drills the well 11 or may be placed in position before or after the well is drilled using appropriate installation vessels.
- Oil produced from the well 11 is supplied to a submerged storage facility of the present invention, indicated generally at 20, by a flow line 21 that extends from the surface platform 13 alongside the caisson 12.
- Oil temporarily stored in the storage facility 20 is periodically removed by a sales line 22 to a surface oil tanker T.
- the sales line 22 extends to a surface floating, off-loading buoy 23.
- An off-loading line 24 that communicates with the sales line 22 extends from the tanker to the buoy 23.
- a submerged buoy 25 supports the submerged line 22 at an intermediate point along the line length to isolate the floating buoy 23 from the weight of the line 22 so that the buoy remains stable during the process of conveying the oil from the facility 20 to the tanker T.
- Steel guy lines 26 anchored to the water bottom B hold the floating buoy 23 in a fixed position relative to the well 11.
- Figs. 6, 7, and 8 illustrate steps in the positioning of the storage facility 20.
- the facility 20 is constructed in two major components comprising a flat-bottomed barge section 30 and a storage tank section 31.
- the barge section 30, constructed of steel-reinforced concrete, is provided with a series of interconnected hollow chambers 32 that extend from the barge bottom to the barge deck and are distributed throughout the barge body. The size and placement of the chambers within the barge are selected as required for the barge size and its towing, sinking, and support requirements.
- Suitable valve and flow line connections (not illustrated) interconnect the chambers 32. The valves and flow lines are controlled to selectively fill or evacuate the chambers 32 as required to properly ballast and trim the assembly 20 while it is under tow.
- the chambers 32 are completely filled with water when the assembly is being prepared to be submerged to its position on the water bottom B.
- the tank section 31 of the assembly 20 is comprised of a number of concrete-encased steel tanks 33 that are also interconnected by flow lines and control valves and are employed to temporarily store the fluid produced from the well.
- a control system CS on the winch boat WB2 connects via flexible control lines 34 and 35 with the concr ⁇ te-encased steel tanks 33 to control the liquid level and air pressure within the tanks during the submerging procedure.
- Flexible control lines 36 and 37 connect the control system CS to the barge compartments 32 to control the fluid level in the compartments.
- the storage facility 20 is initially submerged by operating the control system CS to open air release valves (not illustrated) connected with the tops of the chambers 32.
- the control system CS simultaneously opens fluid inlet lines (not illustrated) opening into the base of the chambers 32 to fill the chambers with seawater. Water entering the chambers 32 displaces the air so that the chambers 32 are completely filled with water.
- the air supply valve openings and the water line openings to all of the chambers are left open during the subsequent submerging process to ballast the facility 20 and to prevent the development of any pressure differential across the walls of the chambers 32 as the assembly 20 is submerged.
- the barge chambers 32 may be selectively filled or partially filled with water to maintain control of the ascending assembly 20.
- the buoyancy of the tanks 33 when empty, is such that the assembly 20 remains buoyant with the chambers 32 of the barge 30 are completely filled with v/ater. Subsequent submerging of the assembly 20 is accomplished by allowing water to enter the tanks 33 in sufficient amounts to increase the weight of the system 20 and overcome the buoyancy of the remaining air in the tanks.
- the preferred procedure for lowering the assembly to the water bottom is to maintain a volume of water in the tanks 33 that will be sufficient to cause the assembly to sink under the effects of gravity but that does not make the assembly so heavy that it exceeds the retaining or holding power of the winches or winch lines WL1 and WL2 on the winch boats.
- the control system CS is employed to supply pressurized air to the tanks 33 via the lines 34 and 35 to substantially equal that of the increasing hydrostatic pressure so that no resulting crushing pressure differential is developed across the walls of the tanks.
- the volume of liquid in the tanks may be shifted as required to maintain stability and proper orientation of the assembly 20.
- the tanks will be completely flooded with water so that all remaining air is displaced from the tanks.
- they are introduced into the tanks, an equal volume of seawater being simultaneously displaced from the tanks through the flowline to the processing facility located on the platform 13 so that any oil can be removed from the displaced water and the water can be safely discharged overboard into the sea.
- Figs. 2-5 illustrate details in the construction and operation of an embodiment of the invention in which a storage facility indicated generally at 40 in Fig. 2 cooperates with the caisson 42 to provide vertical support for an unguyed installation.
- the storage facility 40 which is similar to the facility 20, includes a concrete barge section 60 that carries a series of five tanks, such as the tank 63.
- the tanks are positioned in curved recessive groups in a horizontally extending cradle structure 64 that is preferably formed integrally as a part of the barge section 60.
- a key slot 65 recessed at one end of the barge 60 is positioned about the caisson 42.
- a triangular, cross-trussed brace 66 extends from the far end of the barge 60 upwardly to an intermediate attachment point 67 on the caisson 42.
- the brace cooperates with the caisson 42 to provide a broad base structure that maintains the caisson in its vertically erect position.
- Figs. 4 and 5 illustrate details in the construction of the tanks 63 employed in the storage facility of the present invention.
- the tanks 63 are preferably formed of cylindrical steel tanks 68 having hemispherical end closures.
- a layer of concrete 69 encases the steel tanks 68 to increase the resistance of the tanks to the effects of high hydrostatic pressures acting across the tank walls. Additionally, the concrete provides an effective corrosion and erosion barrier for the external tank surface.
- the internal areas of the tank are additionally reinforced by annular, T-section cross braces 70.
- the vertically uppermost sections of the braces are laterally ported with openings 71. Similar openings 72 are provided at the vertically lowermost section of the braces within the tank.
- the ports 71 and 72 allow the fluids on either side of the braces 70 to flow laterally past the brace as the tanks are being filled or emptied.
- Each of the tanks 63 is held to the cradle structure 64 by steel straps 73 extending over each end of the tanks and anchoring to the cradle structure.
- the tanks 63 will contain a combination of liquids, typically oil and water. Oil, being less dense than water, will rise above the water within the tank 63, as illustrated in Fig. 5.
- Flow lines 75 manifolded as illustrated in Fig. 2 and connected to the upper internal area of the tanks, are employed to add or withdraw fluid from the upper portion of the tank.
- Similar flow lines 76 manifolded and connected into the lower portion of the tanks remove fluid from the tank bottoms.
- the lines 75 will be in communication with oil while the lines 76 will communicate with the water below the oil.
- the lines 76 will also be in communication with oil.
- control valve assembly CVA oil produced from the well associated with the caisson structure 42 will be supplied to the tanks 63 through a control valve assembly CVA.
- control valve system CVS has been depicted schematically as a single control facility, it will be appreciated that the system employs remotely operated valves at each appropriate access and exit point for controlling the flow of fluids through the facility 40 and also includes transducers for monitoring and recording such variables as pressure, liquid level, liquid interface, temperature, flow rates, fluid density, etc.
- the construction and operation of control valve systems for suitably monitoring and controlling the operation of the facility 40 are well known in the art and are not, per se, a novel feature of the present invention.
- the lines 76 are opened by the control valve assembly CVA to permit the water in the bottom of the tanks to be displaced to accommodate the in-flowing oi 1 .
- this displaced water is treated to remove any oil and then discharged back into the sea.
- the tanks 63 are constantly filled with liquid so that there are no gas voids within the tanks.
- the liquid in the tanks will typically be a layered volume of oil and water, all oil, or all water.
- the control valve assembly CVA is manipulated to add water to the tanks through the line 76 while displacing the oil from the tanks through the lines 75 and up to the surface oil floating buoy and to the tanker.
- the facility is designed to be deployed and operated in waters exceeding 100 feet in depth.
- the barge and tank of the assembly 20 or 40 may have a combined empty weight of approximately 30,000 tons in a system intended to store 150,000 or more barrels of oil.
- Each tank 63 in such a system has a diameter of approximately 40 feet and is approximately 138 feet long. It will be appreciated that larger or smaller volume barges and tanks can be employed. Further, a plurality of barge/tank systems can be used, lashed together and with interconnecting flowlines between the individual barge/ tank systems, if desired.
- the caisson 42 and triangular brace In the system illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3, the caisson 42 and triangular brace
- the caisr n may either be erect or may be rested horizontally on the barge and be erected either before or after the barge is submerged.
- the type installation illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3 would be desirable, for example, where the assemblies 40 and 42 are to be erected over a previously drilled well in an environment having a hard water bottom such that pile driving is undesirable.
- Fig. 9 there is shown a modified embodiment of the storage facility of the present invention wherein the caisson and attendant support bracing is formed integrally with the barge.
- the barge section 80 has an opening 82 through which the caisson 84 extends and is secured to barge 80.
- the lower end 86 of caisson 84 terminates at the lower surface 88 of barge 82.
- the concrete-lined storage tank array, shown generally as 90, is mounted to barge 80 in the manner described above.
- Caisson 84 is further stabilized and secured to barge 80 by a triangular, cross-trussed brace 92, rigidly interconnecting caisson 84 and barge 80.
- production tubing 94 which extends down into a producing formation in a manner well known, produced fluids from the formation flowing up through tubing members 94 to be gathered at the surface as described above. The embodiment shown in Fig.
- caisson 84 is integral with barge 80, the system can be positioned at a desired location, barge 80 with tank system 90 lowered to the seabed as described above, after which all operations, e.g., drilling, completing, and producing, can be conducted through caisson 84 from a suitable platform (not shown).
- the embodiment of the system shown in Fig. 9 provides a combined drilling, producing, and storage facility for retrieving oil from subsea formations.
- ballasting of barge 80, pressurization of tanks 90a to prevent collapse, and transfer of produced fluids to and from tanks 90a would all be conducted as described above with respect to the other embodiments.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/762,720 US5885028A (en) | 1996-12-10 | 1996-12-10 | Floating systems and method for storing produced fluids recovered from oil and gas wells |
KR1020007006754A KR20010033309A (en) | 1997-12-18 | 1997-12-18 | Offshore production and storage facility and method of installing the same |
AU57245/98A AU739734B2 (en) | 1997-12-18 | 1997-12-18 | Offshore production and storage facility and method of installing the same |
PCT/US1997/024076 WO1999030964A1 (en) | 1996-12-10 | 1997-12-18 | Offshore production and storage facility and method of installing the same |
GB0017607A GB2349614B (en) | 1996-12-10 | 1997-12-18 | Offshore production and storage facility and method of installing the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/762,720 US5885028A (en) | 1996-12-10 | 1996-12-10 | Floating systems and method for storing produced fluids recovered from oil and gas wells |
PCT/US1997/024076 WO1999030964A1 (en) | 1996-12-10 | 1997-12-18 | Offshore production and storage facility and method of installing the same |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1999030964A1 true WO1999030964A1 (en) | 1999-06-24 |
Family
ID=26793004
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1997/024076 WO1999030964A1 (en) | 1996-12-10 | 1997-12-18 | Offshore production and storage facility and method of installing the same |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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WO (1) | WO1999030964A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10514198B2 (en) | 2015-12-28 | 2019-12-24 | Whirlpool Corporation | Multi-layer gas barrier materials for vacuum insulated structure |
US10663217B2 (en) | 2012-04-02 | 2020-05-26 | Whirlpool Corporation | Vacuum insulated structure tubular cabinet construction |
US10807298B2 (en) | 2015-12-29 | 2020-10-20 | Whirlpool Corporation | Molded gas barrier parts for vacuum insulated structure |
US11009284B2 (en) | 2016-04-15 | 2021-05-18 | Whirlpool Corporation | Vacuum insulated refrigerator structure with three dimensional characteristics |
CN113942763A (en) * | 2021-10-08 | 2022-01-18 | 鲁东大学 | Caisson type seabed oil tank |
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US3145539A (en) * | 1959-10-23 | 1964-08-25 | Bethlehem Steel Corp | Offshore storage unit |
US3855809A (en) * | 1971-06-14 | 1974-12-24 | Gulf Oil Corp | Underwater oil storage tank and method of submerging same |
US3858402A (en) * | 1972-01-18 | 1975-01-07 | Balaeva Group Limited Formerly | Oil storage terminals |
US3889476A (en) * | 1973-02-02 | 1975-06-17 | Gerald Gerin | Submersible caissons and their applications |
US4690586A (en) * | 1985-12-31 | 1987-09-01 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Method and apparatus for positioning an offshore platform jacket |
US5354151A (en) * | 1990-12-28 | 1994-10-11 | Institut Francais Du Petrole | System for loading at sea |
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1997
- 1997-12-18 WO PCT/US1997/024076 patent/WO1999030964A1/en active IP Right Grant
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US3145539A (en) * | 1959-10-23 | 1964-08-25 | Bethlehem Steel Corp | Offshore storage unit |
US3855809A (en) * | 1971-06-14 | 1974-12-24 | Gulf Oil Corp | Underwater oil storage tank and method of submerging same |
US3858402A (en) * | 1972-01-18 | 1975-01-07 | Balaeva Group Limited Formerly | Oil storage terminals |
US3889476A (en) * | 1973-02-02 | 1975-06-17 | Gerald Gerin | Submersible caissons and their applications |
US4690586A (en) * | 1985-12-31 | 1987-09-01 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Method and apparatus for positioning an offshore platform jacket |
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Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10663217B2 (en) | 2012-04-02 | 2020-05-26 | Whirlpool Corporation | Vacuum insulated structure tubular cabinet construction |
US10746458B2 (en) | 2012-04-02 | 2020-08-18 | Whirlpool Corporation | Method of making a folded vacuum insulated structure |
US10514198B2 (en) | 2015-12-28 | 2019-12-24 | Whirlpool Corporation | Multi-layer gas barrier materials for vacuum insulated structure |
US10807298B2 (en) | 2015-12-29 | 2020-10-20 | Whirlpool Corporation | Molded gas barrier parts for vacuum insulated structure |
US11577446B2 (en) | 2015-12-29 | 2023-02-14 | Whirlpool Corporation | Molded gas barrier parts for vacuum insulated structure |
US11009284B2 (en) | 2016-04-15 | 2021-05-18 | Whirlpool Corporation | Vacuum insulated refrigerator structure with three dimensional characteristics |
US11609037B2 (en) | 2016-04-15 | 2023-03-21 | Whirlpool Corporation | Vacuum insulated refrigerator structure with three dimensional characteristics |
CN113942763A (en) * | 2021-10-08 | 2022-01-18 | 鲁东大学 | Caisson type seabed oil tank |
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