WO1999027612A1 - Method for producing a radar reflection diminishing structural component - Google Patents

Method for producing a radar reflection diminishing structural component Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999027612A1
WO1999027612A1 PCT/DE1998/003460 DE9803460W WO9927612A1 WO 1999027612 A1 WO1999027612 A1 WO 1999027612A1 DE 9803460 W DE9803460 W DE 9803460W WO 9927612 A1 WO9927612 A1 WO 9927612A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
core element
structural component
core
determined
layer thickness
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE1998/003460
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Hans-Jürgen WEBER
Original Assignee
Daimler-Chrysler Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Daimler-Chrysler Ag filed Critical Daimler-Chrysler Ag
Priority to JP2000522650A priority Critical patent/JP2001524768A/en
Priority to EP98966164A priority patent/EP1034579A1/en
Publication of WO1999027612A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999027612A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q17/00—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a radar reflection-reducing component consisting of a core element, preferably a honeycomb core or a substrate, in particular for a flat sandwich component with a lower cover layer and an upper cover layer, between which the core element is arranged.
  • Radar reflection reducing components are used for example in aircraft, preferably as vertical tail or wing edge components. Use on buildings in the
  • Airport areas can be provided as well as in the area of shipping on superstructures of ships.
  • the honeycomb for sandwich structures For the purpose of reducing the signature on aircraft, it has been investigated as part of development programs that the honeycomb for sandwich structures - this also applies to three-dimensional substrates used in foamed sandwich structures - with an electrically conductive plastic coating.
  • Layering For example, lacquers enriched with black soot were used.
  • the electrically conductive plastic layers which also lead to weight increases of approximately 100% by weight, can only be calculated to a limited extent by means of computer-aided simulation.
  • the coating processes examined are costly, time-consuming and difficult to reproduce.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a method for producing a light component of the type mentioned at the outset with a broadband, powerful and optimized absorption characteristic of radar beams.
  • This object is achieved in that immersion and / or removal of the core element in or out of a metallic immersion bath of a diving device is controlled by time and time by means of computer-aided simulation, the parameters for being determined on the basis of simulation values of the entire core element determined with the aid of the computer a subsequent galvanic treatment of the core element for applying the layers with predetermined or set layer thickness gradients are determined, and that after immersing the core element in the immersion bath, the inner and outer surfaces of the core element are coated with a thin metal layer by an electrochemical process.
  • the method according to the invention advantageously ensures automatic and easily reproducible application of thin metal layers to a core element, its signature-reducing effect being designed in a defined manner by computer-aided simulation, ie using simulation values determined with the aid of a computer, in order to achieve the maximum achievable absorption characteristic becomes.
  • the materials used, as well as the various geometrical designs of the substrate structures, offer a high degree of flexibility in the design of the absorption characteristics.
  • the direct application of metallic thin layers to a core element advantageously makes it possible to use electrical and magnetic properties in a targeted manner. Further advantages of the applied thin layers are that they only lead to a minimal increase in weight, that they have no influence on the structural mechanical properties, are characterized by good chemical resistance and can be applied to all geometries.
  • Fig. 1 is a sandwich component with a metallized honeycomb core
  • the sandwich components shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 each have a lower cover layer 1, a core element 2 or 3 and an upper cover layer 4.
  • the core element 2 from FIG. 1 is a honeycomb core, the metallized inner and outer surfaces of which are designated by 2a.
  • the core element 3 according to FIG. 2 is a foamed-in three-dimensional substrate with a metallized outer surface 3a.
  • Adhesion promoter layers 5 are arranged, by means of which good adhesion between the cover layers 1 and 4 and the core elements 2 and 3 is ensured after the individual components have been joined together.
  • the inner and outer surfaces 2a and 3a of the core elements 2 and 3 are immersed in an immersion device after immersion in a metallic immersion bath electrochemical process completely covered with a thin metal layer, preferably with a thin nickel layer. All metals and metal compounds that can be deposited on optionally pretreated structural surfaces of the core elements 2 or 3 can be used as metallic coatings.
  • the immersion and / or removal of the core elements 2 and 3 into and out of the immersion bath is controlled by time and by means of computer-aided simulation.
  • An electroless (electroless) metal deposition for applying the thin metal layers is preferably provided as the electrochemical method, by means of which it is achieved that the deposited metal layers have the same thickness everywhere.
  • the absorption properties for radar beams are optimized and a design is made possible by means of computer-aided simulation. Reproducible immersion times are achieved with the path / time-controlled immersion device.
  • the metal layers can advantageously be applied to the surfaces 2a or 3a of the core elements 2 or 3 with a linear, with a step-shaped or with an exponential layer thickness gradient.

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a radar reflection diminishing structural component comprised of a core element. The structural component is preferably comprised of a honeycomb core or a substrate especially for a two-dimensional sandwich structural component having a lower layer and an upper layer between which the core element is arranged. In order to produce a light structural component having a wide-band, efficient and optimized absorption characteristic of radar beams, the core element is immersed in and/or removed from a metallic immersion bath or an immersion device in a path-controlled and time-controlled manner by means of a computer supported simulation. As a result, the parameters for a subsequent galvanic treatment of the core element are determined with simulation values of the entire core element, said values being determined with the assistance of the computer, in order to deposit the layers with given or adjusted layer thickness gradients. After immersing the core element in the immersion bath, the inner and outer surfaces of the core element are coated with a thin metal layer by means of an electrochemical method.

Description

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG EINES RADARREFLEXIONSMINDERNDEN BAUELEMENTES METHOD FOR PRODUCING A RADAR REFLECTION-REDUCING COMPONENT
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines aus einem Kernelement bestehenden radarreflexionsmindernden Bauelementes, vorzugsweise eines Wabenkerns oder eines Substrates, insbesondere für ein flächenhaftes Sandwichbauteil mit einer unteren Decklage und einer oberen Decklage, zwischen denen das Kernelement angeordnet ist.The invention relates to a method for producing a radar reflection-reducing component consisting of a core element, preferably a honeycomb core or a substrate, in particular for a flat sandwich component with a lower cover layer and an upper cover layer, between which the core element is arranged.
Radarreflexionsmindernde Bauelemente werden zum Beispiel bei Luftfahrzeugen eingesetzt, vorzugsweise als Seitenleitwerk- oder Flügelkantenbauteile. Eine Verwendung an Gebäuden imRadar reflection reducing components are used for example in aircraft, preferably as vertical tail or wing edge components. Use on buildings in the
Flughafenbereich kann ebenso vorgesehen sein wie im Bereich der Schiffahrt an Aufbauten von Schiffen.Airport areas can be provided as well as in the area of shipping on superstructures of ships.
Zum Zwecke der Signaturminderung an Luftfahrzeugen ist im Rahmen von Entwicklungsprogrammen untersucht worden, die Waben für Sandwichstrukturen - dieses gilt auch für dreidimensionale in geschäumten Sandwichstrukturen eingesetzte Substrate - mit einer elektrisch leitenden Kunststoffbe- Schichtung zu versehen. Verwendet wurden hierbei beispielsweise mit schwarzem Ruß angereicherte Lacke. Nachteiligerweise sind die elektrisch leitenden Kunststoffschichten , die zudem zu Gewichtserhöhungen von ca. 100 Gew.% führen, mittels rechnergestützter Simulation nur bedingt berechenbar. Desweiteren sind die untersuchten Beschichtungsverfahren kostenaufwendig, zeitintensiv und schlecht reproduzierbar.For the purpose of reducing the signature on aircraft, it has been investigated as part of development programs that the honeycomb for sandwich structures - this also applies to three-dimensional substrates used in foamed sandwich structures - with an electrically conductive plastic coating. Layering. For example, lacquers enriched with black soot were used. Disadvantageously, the electrically conductive plastic layers, which also lead to weight increases of approximately 100% by weight, can only be calculated to a limited extent by means of computer-aided simulation. Furthermore, the coating processes examined are costly, time-consuming and difficult to reproduce.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfah- ren zur Herstellung eines leichten Bauelementes der eingangs genannten Art mit einer breitbandigen , leistungsfähigen und optimierten Absorptionscharakteristik von Radarstrahlen zu schaffen .The invention is therefore based on the object of providing a method for producing a light component of the type mentioned at the outset with a broadband, powerful and optimized absorption characteristic of radar beams.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß ein Eintauchen und/oder Herausnehmen des Kernelementes in ein bzw. aus einem metallischen Tauchbad einer Tauchvorrichtung mittels rechnergestützter Simulation weg- und zeitgesteuert wird, wobei anhand von mit Hilfe des Rechners ermittelten Simulationswerten des gesamten Kernelementes die Parameter für eine anschließende galvanische Behandlung des Kernelementes zur Aufbringung der Schichten mit vorgegebenen oder eingestellten Schichtdicken-Gradienten ermittelt werden, und daß nach dem Eintauchen des Kernelementes in das Tauchbad die Innen- und Außenflächen des Kernelementes durch ein elektrochemisches Verfahren mit einer dünnen Metallschicht überzogen werden.This object is achieved in that immersion and / or removal of the core element in or out of a metallic immersion bath of a diving device is controlled by time and time by means of computer-aided simulation, the parameters for being determined on the basis of simulation values of the entire core element determined with the aid of the computer a subsequent galvanic treatment of the core element for applying the layers with predetermined or set layer thickness gradients are determined, and that after immersing the core element in the immersion bath, the inner and outer surfaces of the core element are coated with a thin metal layer by an electrochemical process.
Durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren wird vorteilhafterweise ein automatisches und gut reproduzierbares Auftragen von dün- nen Metallschichten auf ein Kernelement sichergestellt, wobei seine signaturmindernde Wirkung durch die rechnergestützte Simulation, d. h. anhand von mit Hilfe eines Rechners ermittelten Simulationswerten, zur Erzielung einer maximal erreichbaren Absorptionscharakteristik definiert ausgelegt wird. Die eingesetzten Werkstoffe, wie auch die verschiedenen geometrischen Ausführungen der Substratgebilde, bieten eine hohe Flexibilität in der Auslegung der Absorptionscharakteristik. Durch die direkte Aufbringung von metallischen Dünnschichten auf ein Kernelement ist es vorteilhafterweise möglich, elektrische wie auch magnetische Eigenschaften gezielt einzusetzen. Weitere Vorteile der aufgebrachten Dünnschichten liegen darin, daß sie nur zu einer minimalen Gewichtserhöhung führen, daß sie keinen Einfluß auf die struk- turmechanischen Eigenschaften haben, sich durch eine gute chemische Beständigkeit auszeichnen und sich auf alle Geometrien übertragen lassen.The method according to the invention advantageously ensures automatic and easily reproducible application of thin metal layers to a core element, its signature-reducing effect being designed in a defined manner by computer-aided simulation, ie using simulation values determined with the aid of a computer, in order to achieve the maximum achievable absorption characteristic becomes. The materials used, as well as the various geometrical designs of the substrate structures, offer a high degree of flexibility in the design of the absorption characteristics. The direct application of metallic thin layers to a core element advantageously makes it possible to use electrical and magnetic properties in a targeted manner. Further advantages of the applied thin layers are that they only lead to a minimal increase in weight, that they have no influence on the structural mechanical properties, are characterized by good chemical resistance and can be applied to all geometries.
Ausgestaltungen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sind in den Unteransprüchen 2 bis 7 beschrieben.Embodiments of the method according to the invention are described in subclaims 2 to 7.
In der Zeichnung sind die Einzelbauteile von zwei flächenhaften Bauelementen in Sandwichbauweise im ungefertigten Zustand dargestellt, deren Kernelemente nach dem erfindungsge- mäßen Verfahren metallisiert worden sind, wobeiIn the drawing, the individual components of two flat components in sandwich construction are shown in the unfinished state, the core elements of which have been metallized according to the method of the invention, whereby
Fig. 1 ein Sandwichbauteil mit einem metallisierten Wabenkern undFig. 1 is a sandwich component with a metallized honeycomb core and
Fig. 2 ein Sandwichbauteil mit einem metallisierten eingeschäumten Substrat zeigen.2 show a sandwich component with a metallized foamed substrate.
Die aus den Figuren 1 und 2 ersichtlichen Sandwichbauteile weisen jeweils eine untere Decklage 1, ein Kernelement 2 bzw. 3 und eine obere Decklage 4 auf. Bei dem Kernelement 2 aus Fig. 1 handelt es sich um einen Wabenkern, dessen metallisierte Innen- und Außenflächen mit 2a bezeichnet sind. Hingegen ist das Kernelement 3 gemäß Fig. 2 ein eingeschäumtes dreidimensionales Substrat mit einer metallisierten Aus- senfläche 3a. Zwischen den Kernelementen 2 bzw. 3 und den unteren bzw. den oberen Decklagen 1 bzw. 4 sind jeweils Haftvermittlerschichten 5 angeordnet, durch die eine gute Haftung zwischen den Decklagen 1 bzw. 4 und den Kernelementen 2 bzw. 3 nach dem Zusammenfügen der Einzelbauteile sichergestellt wird.The sandwich components shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 each have a lower cover layer 1, a core element 2 or 3 and an upper cover layer 4. The core element 2 from FIG. 1 is a honeycomb core, the metallized inner and outer surfaces of which are designated by 2a. In contrast, the core element 3 according to FIG. 2 is a foamed-in three-dimensional substrate with a metallized outer surface 3a. Between the core elements 2 and 3 and the lower and upper cover layers 1 and 4 are respectively Adhesion promoter layers 5 are arranged, by means of which good adhesion between the cover layers 1 and 4 and the core elements 2 and 3 is ensured after the individual components have been joined together.
Um Sandwichbauteile mit optimaler Minderung ihrer Radarsignatur bei einer nur geringfügigen Gewichtserhöhung und ohne eine Beeinflußung im strukturellen Verbund herzustellen, werden die Innen- und Außenflächen 2a bzw. 3a der Kernele- mente 2 bzw. 3 nach dem Eintauchen in ein metallisches Tauchbad einer Tauchvorrichtung durch ein elektrochemisches Verfahren vollständig mit einer dünnen Metallschicht überzogen, vorzugsweise mit einer dünnen Nickelschicht. Als metallische Beschichtungen sind alle Metalle und Metallverbindungen an- wendbar, die sich auf gegebenenfalls vorbehandelten Strukturoberflächen der Kernelemente 2 bzw. 3 abscheiden lassen. Das Eintauchen und/oder Herausnehmen der Kernelemente 2 bzw. 3 in das bzw. aus dem Tauchbad wird mittels rechnergestützter Simulation weg- und zeitgesteuert.In order to produce sandwich components with an optimal reduction in their radar signature with only a slight increase in weight and without influencing the structural bond, the inner and outer surfaces 2a and 3a of the core elements 2 and 3 are immersed in an immersion device after immersion in a metallic immersion bath electrochemical process completely covered with a thin metal layer, preferably with a thin nickel layer. All metals and metal compounds that can be deposited on optionally pretreated structural surfaces of the core elements 2 or 3 can be used as metallic coatings. The immersion and / or removal of the core elements 2 and 3 into and out of the immersion bath is controlled by time and by means of computer-aided simulation.
Als elektrochemisches Verfahren ist vorzugsweise eine außen stromlose (autokatalytische) Metallabscheidung zum Auftragen der dünnen Metallschichten vorgesehen, durch die erreicht wird, daß die abgeschiedenen Metallschichten überall gleich dick sind. In Kombination mit der speziellen, die vorgesehene Weg- und Zeitsteuerung ermöglichende Tauchvorrichtung werden die Absorptionseigenschaften für Radarstrahlen optimiert und eine Auslegung mittels rechnergestützter Simulation ermöglicht. Mit der weg-/zeitgesteuerten Tauchvorrich- tung werden reproduzierbare Eintauchzeiten erzielt. Vorteilhafterweise können die Metallschichten mit einem linearen, mit einem stufenförmigen oder mit einem exponentiellen Schichtdicken-Gradienten auf die Oberflächen 2a bzw. 3a der Kernelemente 2 bzw. 3 aufgetragen werden. BezugszeichenlisteAn electroless (electroless) metal deposition for applying the thin metal layers is preferably provided as the electrochemical method, by means of which it is achieved that the deposited metal layers have the same thickness everywhere. In combination with the special diving device that enables the intended path and time control, the absorption properties for radar beams are optimized and a design is made possible by means of computer-aided simulation. Reproducible immersion times are achieved with the path / time-controlled immersion device. The metal layers can advantageously be applied to the surfaces 2a or 3a of the core elements 2 or 3 with a linear, with a step-shaped or with an exponential layer thickness gradient. Reference list
1 untere Decklage1 lower cover layer
2 Kernelement / Wabenkern2 core element / honeycomb core
2a Oberflächen des Wabenkernes 22a surfaces of the honeycomb core 2
3 Kernelement / eingeschäumtes Subtrat 3a Oberflächen des Subtrates 33 core element / foamed substrate 3a surfaces of the substrate 3
4 obere Decklage4 top cover layer
5 Haftvermittler 5 adhesion promoters

Claims

P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e Patent claims
1. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines aus einem Kernelement bestehenden radarreflexionsmindernden Bauelementes, vorzugsweise eines Wabenkerns oder eines Substrates, insbesondere für ein flächenhaftes Sandwichbauteil mit einer unteren Decklage und einer oberen Decklage, zwischen denen das Kernelement angeordnet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Eintauchen und/oder Herausnehmen des Kernelementes (2, 3) in ein bzw. aus einem metallischen Tauchbad einer Tauchvorrichtung mittels rechnergestützter Simulation weg- und zeitgesteuert wird, wobei anhand von mit Hilfe des Rechners ermittelten Simulationswerten des gesamten Kernelementes (2, 3) die Parameter für eine anschließende galvanische Behandlung des Kernelementes ( 2 , 43 ) zur Aufbringung der Schichten mit vorgegebenen oder eingestellten Schichtdicken-Gradienten ermittelt werden, und daß nach dem Eintauchen des Kernelementes (2, 3) in das Tauchbad die Innen- und Außenflächen (2a, 3a) des Kernelementes (2, 3) durch ein elektrochemisches Verfahren mit einer dünnen Metallschicht überzogen werden. 1. A method for producing a radar reflection-reducing component consisting of a core element, preferably a honeycomb core or a substrate, in particular for a flat sandwich component with a lower cover layer and an upper cover layer, between which the core element is arranged, characterized in that an immersion and / or Removing the core element (2, 3) into and out of a metallic immersion bath of a diving device is path-controlled and time-controlled by means of computer-aided simulation, the parameters for a subsequent galvanic being determined on the basis of simulation values of the entire core element (2, 3) determined using the computer Treatment of the core element (2, 43) for applying the layers with predetermined or set layer thickness gradients are determined, and that after the core element (2, 3) has been immersed in the immersion bath, the inner and outer surfaces (2a, 3a) of the core element ( 2, 3) by an electrochemical process with a thin layer of metal.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch eine aus- sen stromlose (autokatalytische) Metallabscheidung zum Auftragen der dünnen Metallschichten.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized by an external electroless (autocatalytic) metal deposition for applying the thin metal layers.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Metallschichten mit einem linearen Schichtdicken- Gradienten auf die Oberflächen (2a, 3a) des Kernelementes (2, 3) aufgetragen werden.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the metal layers are applied with a linear layer thickness gradient on the surfaces (2a, 3a) of the core element (2, 3).
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Metallschichten mit einem stufenförmigen Schichtdicken-Gradienten auf die Oberflächen (2a, 3a) des Kernelementes (2, 3) aufgetragen werden.4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the metal layers are applied with a step-shaped layer thickness gradient on the surfaces (2a, 3a) of the core element (2, 3).
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Metallschichten mit einem exponentiellen Schichtdicken-Gradienten auf die Oberflächen (2a, 3a) des Kernelementes (2, 3) aufgetragen werden.5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the metal layers are applied with an exponential layer thickness gradient on the surfaces (2a, 3a) of the core element (2, 3).
6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5 , dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß als auf die Oberflächen (2a, 3a) des Kernelementes (2, 3) aufzubringendes Metall Nickel verwendet wird.6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that nickel is used as on the surfaces (2a, 3a) of the core element (2, 3) to be applied.
7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen dem metallisierten Kernelement (2, 3) und der unteren und oberen Decklage (1 bzw. 4) Haftvermittler (5) zum Zusammenfügen der Bauteile zu einem Sandwichbauteil angeordnet werden. 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that between the metallized core element (2, 3) and the lower and upper cover layer (1 and 4) adhesion promoter (5) for assembling the components to a sandwich component are arranged.
PCT/DE1998/003460 1997-11-25 1998-11-24 Method for producing a radar reflection diminishing structural component WO1999027612A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2000522650A JP2001524768A (en) 1997-11-25 1998-11-24 Method of fabricating low radar reflectivity structural material with core material
EP98966164A EP1034579A1 (en) 1997-11-25 1998-11-24 Method for producing a radar reflection diminishing structural component

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1997152137 DE19752137A1 (en) 1997-11-25 1997-11-25 Process for the production of a core element
DE19752137.1 1997-11-25

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JP (1) JP2001524768A (en)
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WO (1) WO1999027612A1 (en)

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EP1506065A2 (en) * 2002-05-23 2005-02-16 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. Method and apparatus for reducing the infrared and radar signature of a vehicle
EP1872439A1 (en) * 2005-04-21 2008-01-02 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. Method and apparatus for reducing the infrared and radar signature of a vehicle
EP2127725A1 (en) * 2008-05-20 2009-12-02 Ibiden Co., Ltd. Honeycomb structure and exhaust gas conversion apparatus
RU2456722C1 (en) * 2011-05-11 2012-07-20 Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Министерство промышленности и торговли Российской Федерации (Минпромторг России) Structural radar absorbing material
CN106042564A (en) * 2016-06-08 2016-10-26 山东天磁新材料科技有限公司 Light-weight wave-absorbing material adopting interlayer structure and preparation method of wave-absorbing material
CN109131805A (en) * 2018-08-03 2019-01-04 武汉理工大学 Battleship based on release and subdivision function protects liquid tank

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CN110039841A (en) * 2018-01-15 2019-07-23 哈尔滨工业大学 A kind of preparation method of the honeycomb sandwich structure Wave suction composite material of bowknot shape Co/C nano wave-absorbing material filling

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EP1506065A2 (en) * 2002-05-23 2005-02-16 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. Method and apparatus for reducing the infrared and radar signature of a vehicle
EP1506065A4 (en) * 2002-05-23 2006-07-26 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc Method and apparatus for reducing the infrared and radar signature of a vehicle
EP1872439A1 (en) * 2005-04-21 2008-01-02 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. Method and apparatus for reducing the infrared and radar signature of a vehicle
EP1872439A4 (en) * 2005-04-21 2012-10-31 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc Method and apparatus for reducing the infrared and radar signature of a vehicle
EP2127725A1 (en) * 2008-05-20 2009-12-02 Ibiden Co., Ltd. Honeycomb structure and exhaust gas conversion apparatus
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CN106042564A (en) * 2016-06-08 2016-10-26 山东天磁新材料科技有限公司 Light-weight wave-absorbing material adopting interlayer structure and preparation method of wave-absorbing material
CN109131805A (en) * 2018-08-03 2019-01-04 武汉理工大学 Battleship based on release and subdivision function protects liquid tank
CN109131805B (en) * 2018-08-03 2019-11-26 武汉理工大学 Battleship based on release and subdivision function protects liquid tank

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