WO1999022900A1

WO1999022900A1 - Apparatus and method for breaking solid insulator with electric pulse

Info

Publication number: WO1999022900A1
Application number: PCT/JP1998/004964
Authority: WO
Inventors: Albert Martunovich ADAM; Grigoryevich Sergey BOEV; Vladislav Fedorovich VAJOV; Dmitreii Vladimirovich JGUN; Boris Sergeevich LEVCHENKO; Vasilii Mihaylovich MURATOV; Samuil Semenovich PELTSMAN
Original assignee: Itac Ltd.; Komatsu Ltd.
Priority date: 1997-11-04
Filing date: 1998-11-02
Publication date: 1999-05-14
Also published as: RU2142562C1

Abstract

An electric pulse breaking apparatus comprises a pulse voltage generator, and an electrode part having one end connected with the pulse voltage generator and the other end in contact with a solid insulator. The contact point between the solid insulator and the electrode part is covered with a liquid, and a pulse voltage is applied to the electrode part, to break the solid insulator. The pulse generation parameters of the pulse voltage generator are so adjusted as to cause the breaking at a timing in the fall of the pulse voltage, especially after at least 250 ns from the rise of the pulse voltage. The number of electrodes to be connected with the pulse voltage generator is desirably determined such that the net resistance of the portion in the liquid of the electrode part is eight times or more as high as the waving impedance of the pulse voltage generator.

Description

Specification

Apparatus and method for breaking solid insulator by electric pulse

The electric pulse destruction apparatus and method according to the present invention relate to an apparatus and a method for destroying natural solid insulators such as rock and rock and other artificial solid insulators such as ceramics and concrete by electric pulse discharge. . Background art

It is known that methods of rock destruction by electric pulse discharge already exist (see The Soviet Encyclopedia, Moscow, 1978, v. 30, p. 58). In this method, a drilling head consisting of a grounded pipe and a high potential electrode rotatable within the grounded pipe is used. A high voltage is applied to the high-potential electrodes, destroying the rock by electric discharge.

Also, BV Siomkin, A. F., Usov, VN Kurets et al. Destruction of rocks and artificial solids by electric pulse discharge, Moscow, Now Power Press, 1995, p. 7-11, 20-23, 34-62 , 220-224, 240-243, according to a conventional method such as electric pulse destruction of a solid insulator, an electrode having a distance between a pair of positive and negative mutual electrodes within a range of several tens of cascades is used.

The parameter of the pulse voltage is the rising part of the pulse voltage when the pulse high voltage is applied to the electrode system, and the solid insulator is between 100 [ns] or less after the pulse voltage rise. Is selected so that electrical breakdown of Some other destructive parameters are also the rising part of the pulse voltage, and the electrical breakdown of the solid insulator during the period of 100 ns or less from the rise of the pulse voltage Is chosen to occur. And a force placed on the surface of the solid insulator by the pair of electrodes or , Placed in a pre-defined hole. Next, the contact point between the solid insulator and the electrode is submerged in a liquid such as water. Then, a high voltage is applied to the high-potential electrode, and the solid insulator is destroyed by electric discharge. Destroyed debris is removed regularly.

However, according to the above-mentioned conventional method, since the distance between the mutual electrodes is as small as several tens [mm], there is a problem that the breaking efficiency is low when the distance between the mutual electrodes is as large as several tens [cm]. Was. In order to compensate for this, it has often been practiced to prepare a plurality of electrodes with a distance between a pair of positive and negative mutual electrodes within several tens [arbitrarily] and to provide them on the front and back of a solid insulator. Had. Disclosure of the invention

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to improve the breakdown efficiency by setting parameters for electrical breakdown such as the pulse voltage parameters optimally. Even if the distance between the mutual electrodes is as large as several tens of cm, according to the apparatus and method of the present invention, the breaking efficiency is 1.6 to 1.8 times better than the conventional breaking efficiency.

The present inventors have found that it is better to cause electrical breakdown at the falling part of the pulse voltage applied to the high potential electrode than to cause the electrical breakdown at the rising part of the pulse voltage applied to the high potential electrode. Voltage loss due to water or other liquid that covers the contact point with the battery. The present invention has been made based on this fact, and the gist of the present invention is to adjust the parameters of the pulse voltage so that electrical breakdown occurs in the falling part of the pulse voltage. In particular, electrical breakdown should occur at least 250 [ns] after the rise of the pulse voltage.

Specifically, the electric pulse destruction device of the present invention includes a pulse voltage generator, one end connected to the pulse voltage generator, and the other end contacting the solid insulator. An electrode portion, wherein a contact point between the solid insulator and the electrode portion is covered with a liquid, and a pulse voltage is applied to the electrode portion to destroy the solid insulator. An electric pulse destruction device, wherein the pulse voltage generation parameter of the pulse voltage generator is adjusted to cause electric pulse destruction in a falling part of the pulse voltage. In particular, the present invention is an electric pulse destruction device adjusted so as to cause electric pulse destruction at least 250 [ns] after the rise of the pulse voltage. The electric pulse destruction method of the present invention uses the electric pulse destruction method of the present invention to cause an electric pulse destruction in a falling part of a pulse voltage to destroy the solid insulator. is there. In particular, the method is an electric pulse destruction method in which electric pulse destruction occurs at least 250 [ns] after the rise of the pulse voltage to destroy the solid insulator. In addition, in order to achieve even higher breakdown efficiency, the electrodes connected to the pulse voltage generator must be so designed that the total resistance of the electrode section in the liquid to the wave impedance of the pulse voltage generator is 7 times or more. It is good to select the number of children. In particular, it is desirable to select the number of electrodes connected to the pulse voltage generator so that the number becomes eight times or more.

Further, when the solid insulator has a conductive reinforcing material layer inside, in addition to the above-described configuration, a low-potential electrode connected to the conductive reinforcing material, and a plurality of contacts in contact with the solid insulator. A plurality of said high-potential electrodes are arranged on the surface of said solid insulator in a direction along said conductive reinforcing material layer. It is desirable to fix the relative positions of the tips of the plurality of high-potential electrodes so that the distance from the tips of the tips to the layer of the scavenger in the solid insulator is the same.

When the relative positions of the tips of the plurality of high-potential electrodes are fixed in this way, only one high-potential electrode reaches the reinforcement first, and another high-potential electrode nearby. The voltage generation circuit is not short-circuited until the destruction by the pole is completed, and the destruction can be performed efficiently.

Further, when the solid insulator does not have a conductive reinforcing material layer, the electrode portion is provided with a plurality of electrodes that are in contact with the solid insulator, and a distance between the electrodes having different polarities is provided. It is advisable to open a hole having a depth of 1/3 or more in advance on the surface of the solid insulator, and insert electrodes having different polarities into holes adjacent to each other.

With such a configuration, the discharge rate in the solid insulator is improved, and the destruction efficiency is improved.

In addition, when the solid insulator has a conductive reinforcing material layer inside, in order to obtain higher resilience and destruction efficiency, a low potential electrode connected to the conductive reinforcing material; One or a plurality of high-potential electrodes disposed movably at a constant velocity V [cm / s] on the surface of the electrode, the distance between the high-potential electrodes and the low-potential electrode layer When L is [cm], a high voltage pulse should be applied to the electrode at a repetition rate F = (l. 0 to 1.2) 2V / L [pps]. Further, even when the solid insulator does not have a conductive scavenger layer inside, a layered conductive material is provided on one surface of the solid insulator, and the low potential of the electrode portion is provided on this layer. An electrode is connected to form a low-potential electrode layer, and the high-potential electrode is formed of the solid insulator so as to sandwich the solid insulator between the low-potential electrode layer and the high-potential electrode of the electrode section. It is desirable to arrange it on the other surface so that it can move at a constant speed V [cm / s] in the direction along the low potential pole layer. Then, when the distance between the high-potential electrode and the low-potential electrode layer is L [cm], a high-voltage pulse is applied at a repetition rate? = (1.0 to 1.2) 2 / [3]. Put on

Further, in order to obtain a desired depth H [cm] from the surface layer of the solid insulator, the distance Lc [cm] between the mutually different polarities may be adjusted by the following equation. Lc = (6.1 to 6.4) H —2.4 [cm] Brief description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing an electric pulse destruction device for destroying a solid insulator used in Embodiment 1, and FIG. 2 is a diagram showing that electric destruction of concrete in a pulse voltage descending part according to the present invention is performed. Fig. 3 shows a typical voltage waveform when it occurs and a typical voltage waveform in the open circuit of the pulse generator.

Fig. 4 is a table showing the results of Experiment 1, and Fig. 4 is a conceptual diagram showing an electric pulse destruction device for destroying solid insulators used in Embodiment 2, and Fig. 5 shows the results of Experiment 2. 6 (a) and 6 (b) are conceptual diagrams showing an electric pulse destruction device for destroying a solid insulator used in Embodiment 3, and FIG. FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram showing an electric pulse destruction device for destroying a solid insulator used in Embodiment 4, and FIGS. 8 (a) and 8 (b) show the solid insulator used in Embodiment 5; Fig. 9 is a conceptual diagram showing an electric pulse destruction device for destruction, Fig. 9 is a conceptual diagram showing an electric pulse destruction device for destroying other solid insulators used in Embodiment 5, and Fig. 10 is FIG. 11 is a table showing the results of Experiment 5, and FIG. 11 shows the breakdown of the solid insulator used in Embodiment 6. FIG. 12 is a conceptual diagram showing an electric pulse destruction device for destroying other solid insulators used in Embodiment 6, and FIG. 13 is a conceptual diagram showing an electric pulse destruction device for Fig. 14 (a) is a table showing the results of Experiment 6; Fig. 14 (a) is a diagram showing a typical voltage waveform in an open circuit of a conventional pulse generator; This is a typical voltage waveform when an electrical breakdown occurs in the solid insulator in the voltage rising section. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

The present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. [Embodiment 1]

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing an electric pulse breaking device for breaking a solid insulator used in the first embodiment.

First, the main configuration of the electric pulse destruction device 1 of the present invention will be described. The electric pulse destruction device 1 of the present invention includes a pulse voltage generator 2, an electrode portion 3 having one end connected to the pulse voltage generator 2, and the other end contacting a solid insulator 5, 5 and a liquid 4 covering a contact point 5a between the electrode portion 3 and the electrode portion 3.

The pulse voltage generator 2 includes a high voltage generator ₉ that adjusts a voltage from a power supply to increase the voltage to a high voltage, and a pulse generator that outputs the high voltage obtained by the high voltage generator 9 in a pulsed manner. have. The pulse voltage generation parameter in the pulse voltage generator 2 is adjusted so as to cause an electric pulse destruction at least 250 [ns] after the rise of the pulse voltage, which is a falling portion of the pulse voltage. I have. For example, a plurality of discharge spheres 6 facing each other at a predetermined distance as shown in FIG. 1 are connected in parallel with each other before the discharge spheres 6 generate a discharge, and are connected in series when the discharge spheres 6 discharge. A plurality of capacitors 7 connected to a plurality of capacitors 7 and a plurality of inductances 8 elements connecting the respective capacitors 7 in a parallel state. Adjust their capacitance, inductance, gap distance, etc. so that electric pulse destruction occurs at least 250 [ns] after the voltage rises. Here, the rising portion of the pulse voltage until it reaches the first maximum value is called a rising portion, and the portion after the first maximum value is called a falling portion. The electrode section 3 includes one low-potential electrode 3a and three high-potential electrodes 3b, each of which is formed of a steel rod and a polyethylene insulating material covering the rod. The electrodes 3a and 3b are separated by a distance and are solid insulators. 5 are placed on the surface. Here, the low potential side 3a is grounded. Further, the number of the low potential electrodes and the number of the high potential electrodes are not limited to one each, and can be arbitrarily determined as needed.

The solid insulator 5 is placed in a metal tank 10, and the metal tank 10 is filled with a liquid 4 that covers a contact point 5 a between the solid insulator 5 and the electrode unit 3.

Next, a destruction method using the electric pulse destruction device of the present invention will be described. A pulse voltage is applied to the electrode unit 3 by the pulse voltage generator 2. As shown in FIG. 2, electric pulse destruction occurs at least in the falling part of the pulse voltage and at least 250 [ns] after the rise of the pulse voltage. Broken debris should be removed regularly.

In FIG. 2, the solid insulator is a concrete specimen, curve A is a typical voltage waveform in the open circuit of the pulse voltage generator 2, and curve B is an electrical breakdown at the falling part of the pulse voltage. This is a typical voltage waveform in the case of occurrence of the following. Electrical breakdown occurs at 900 [ns].

For reference, a typical voltage waveform in the open circuit of a pulse voltage generator using a conventional electric pulse destruction device is shown in Fig. 14 (a). FIG. 14 (b) shows a typical voltage waveform in the case of the above. Electrical breakdown occurs at 100 [ns].

According to the electric pulse destruction apparatus and method of the present invention in which the electric breakdown is caused in the pulse voltage falling part as described above, the voltage loss due to the liquid such as water covering the contact point between the solid insulator and the electrode is small and lower. This allows the use of a low-voltage pulse generator that generates pulses at the output voltage. Low-voltage pulse generators have a long life and, as a result, contribute to reducing the cost of electrical pulse destruction.

Experiment 1) The change in the voltage loss due to the liquid covering the contact point between the solid insulator and the electrode due to changing the breakdown time of the solid insulator was considered. Concrete test pieces were used as solid insulators. The concrete test piece was placed in a metal tank, and the tank was filled with tap water so as to cover the entire concrete test piece. The results of this experiment are tabulated in FIG. In the table in Fig. 3, L is the distance between the electrodes between different polarities [cm], Tbr is the time from the start of the pulse voltage to the break [ns], and Ubr is the breakdown voltage of the concrete specimen [kV]. Ud is the voltage drop [kV] due to the finite conductivity of water.

From the table in Fig. 3, it can be seen that at the voltage drop Ud, the electrical breakdown at the falling part of the pulse voltage is more than 1.7 times smaller than the electrical breakdown at the rising part of the pulse voltage. This means that by adjusting the parameters of the pulse voltage generator to cause electrical breakdown in the falling part of the pulse voltage, the energy loss in finite, high-conductivity water has been significantly reduced. Is shown.

[Embodiment 2]

FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram showing an electric pulse destroyer 11 for destroying a solid insulator used in the second embodiment. Here, the number of the electrodes 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d of the electrode unit 3 of the electric pulse destruction device shown in the first embodiment is determined by the wave impedance Zg of the pulse voltage generator 2 and the number of electrodes 3 in the liquid of the electrode unit 3. The total resistance Z1 at was selected to be 7 times or more. In particular, it is preferable to select the number of the electrodes of the electrode unit 3 so as to be eight times or more.

With this configuration, the voltage amplitude drop rate (the ratio K = Ul / Uos between the load voltage U1 and the open circuit voltage Uos of the pulse voltage generator 2) is close to the force S i. In particular, when the value is more than 8 times, the voltage amplitude drop rate becomes very close to 1. As a result, higher resilience and destruction efficiency can be obtained. Experiment 2)

The effect of the change in the ratio Zl / Zg between the total resistance Zl of the electrode part 3 in the liquid and the wavy impedance Zg of the pulse voltage generator on the pulse voltage amplitude was investigated. The ratio K = UlZUos was taken as a basic parameter indicating the voltage amplitude drop. Here, U1 is the load voltage, and Uos is the open circuit voltage of the pulse voltage generator.

The ratio ZlZZg between the total resistance Z1 of the electrode part 3 in the liquid and the wavy impedance Zg of the pulse voltage generator is determined by changing the number of high-potential electrodes 3a, 3c, 3d connected in parallel at the electrode part 3. Was changed.

A concrete test piece was used as the solid insulator 5. The pulse voltage generation parameters in the pulse voltage generator 2 are adjusted so as to cause electrical breakdown at the falling part of the pulse voltage, and the falling part of the pulse voltage is at least 250 [ns] from the rise of the pulse voltage. After the above, electric pulse destruction occurred.

The results obtained are tabulated in Figure 5. From the table in Fig. 5, if the total resistance Z1 in the liquid of the electrode part 3 is selected to be 7 times or more with respect to the wave impedance Zg of the pulse voltage generator 2, the voltage amplitude drop rate K becomes close to 1. You can see that. In particular, if the number of the electrodes of the electrode unit 3 is selected so as to be eight times or more, it becomes very close to one. In this case, the voltage drop can be ignored. The effect of the change in the ratio ZlZZg between the total resistance Z1 of the electrode part 3 in the liquid and the ripple impedance Zg of the pulse voltage generator on the pulse voltage rise time was examined, but similar data was obtained.

[Embodiment 3]

6 (a) and 6 (b) are conceptual diagrams showing an electric pulse destruction device 12 for destructing a solid insulator used in Embodiment 3. FIG. This electric pal The breaker 12 is suitable for a solid insulator 5 having a conductive material layer 5b therein.

The solid insulator 5 is a substantially rectangular parallelepiped as shown in FIG. 6 (b). The conductive reinforcing material layer 5b is embedded so as to extend horizontally from the upper surface of the solid insulator 5 at a depth L. Here, the low-potential electrode 3a of the electrode section 3 of the electric pulse destruction device shown in Embodiment 2 is connected to the conductive reinforcing material layer 5b, and the plurality of high-potential electrodes 3a, 3b, 3c are connected. , 3d, 3e, 3f, and 3g are horizontally arranged on the upper surface of the solid insulator 5 so as to be along the conductive reinforcing material layer 5b. Since the conductive reinforcing material layer 5b is embedded so as to extend horizontally from the surface of the solid insulator 5 at a depth L, each of the high potential electrodes 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, The distance from the tip 13 of 3f, 3g to the reinforcing material layer 5b in the solid insulator 5 is all L [cm]. The relative positions of the tips 13 of the plurality of high potential electrodes 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, 3f, 3g are fixed. Thus, the distance from the tip 13 of each of the high-potential electrodes 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, 3f, 3g to the reinforcing material layer 5b in the solid insulator 5 is made equal. When the relative positions of the tips 13 of the plurality of high-potential electrodes 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, 3f, and 3g are fixed, only one high-potential electrode arrives at the capturing material first, and other If the voltage generating circuit is short-circuited before the destruction by the high-potential electrode is completed, the destruction can be performed efficiently without causing a problem.

Experiment 3)

Reinforced concrete specimens were used as the solid insulator 5, and the breakdown efficiencies of the electrodes with the following three different types of high-potential electrodes were examined.

1) Electrode section with single high-potential electrode

2) Electrode section with multiple high-potential electrodes that can move up and down

3) Electrodes where the relative positions of the tips of multiple high-potential electrodes are fixed

0 Each electrode consisted of a 12 mm diameter conductive steel rod and a polyethylene insulator covering it to a diameter of 38 mm. The electrode sections 2) and 3) consisted of two high-potential electrode rows, and each row had three high-potential electrode rows. Furthermore, the relative positions of the tips of multiple electrodes are set so that the distance from the tip of each high-potential electrode to the reinforcing material layer buried in the reinforced concrete specimen is the same for the electrode part in 3). Was fixed.

The area of the reinforced concrete test piece was 450 × 600 [sq mm], and the thickness was 300 [cited]. A single-layer test piece in which the reinforcement layer is embedded horizontally at a depth of 150 mm inside the reinforced concrete test piece, and a reinforcement layer of 100 [200] and 200 [200] in the test piece Two types of specimens were used, two-layer specimens embedded horizontally at a depth of]. The mesh size of the reinforcing material was 150 × 150 [sq mm].

The reinforced concrete test piece 5 was placed in a stainless steel tank 10 filled with tap water 4 completely covering the test piece 5. Water was not circulated. The high-potential electrode of the electrode part 3 was placed on the surface of a reinforced concrete test piece submerged in water. The low-potential electrode 3a of the electrode part 3 was connected to the reinforcing material layer 5b of the reinforced concrete test piece 5. Here, the low potential electrode side was grounded. The pulse voltage generation parameters were adjusted so that electrical breakdown occurred in the falling part of the pulse voltage 250 to 950 [ns] after the pulse voltage started to rise.

A pulse voltage of 500 [kv] was applied to the high potential electrode by the pulse voltage generator 2. After the pulse voltage was applied, electrical breakdown occurred 250 to 950 [ns] after the pulse voltage started to rise, and in the falling part of the pulse voltage.

The results of the experiment are shown below. 1) Electrode section with single high-potential electrode

The reinforced concrete specimen was broken well. However, it took a lot of time to move the electrode along the surface of the reinforced concrete specimen before the reinforced concrete specimen was completely destroyed. In addition, there remains a problem that it is difficult to predict how deeply the electric breakdown has penetrated into the reinforced concrete specimen.

2) Electrodes with multiple high-potential electrodes that can move up and down. The surface of the reinforced concrete specimen could be efficiently destroyed. However, the rate of penetration due to electrical breakdown in reinforced concrete specimens is different, and when one high-potential electrode reaches the reinforcement first, the other high-potential electrode nearby Before the destruction was completed, the pulse voltage generation circuit was short-circuited. Since the voltage of the short circuit is zero, the destruction process has stopped.

3) Electrodes where the relative positions of the tips of a plurality of high-potential electrodes are fixed. Because the relative positions of the tips 13 of the plurality of high-potential electrodes are fixed so that the distance L to the reinforcing material layer 5b is the same, only one high-potential electrode is The first problem is that the pulse voltage generating circuit is short-circuited before the destruction by the other nearby high-potential electrode is completed. In addition, it has made it possible to destroy not only the surface layer of the reinforced concrete specimen but also the concrete below the reinforcement layer. And it is no longer necessary to turn over the reinforced concrete specimen to completely destroy the reinforced concrete. As a result, when electrodes with fixed relative positions of the tips of multiple high-potential electrodes were used, destruction was achieved with high efficiency, and energy consumption was reduced by a factor of 1.6 or more. [Embodiment 4]

FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram showing an electric pulse breaking device 14 for breaking a solid insulator used in the fourth embodiment. The electric pulse destruction device 14 is suitable for efficiently causing a discharge inside the solid insulator 5 having no conductive reinforcing material layer 5b inside.

Holes 15 having a depth D of 1/3 or more of the distance L between the electrodes having different polarities are opened in advance on the surface of the solid insulator 5 by the number of the electrodes 3a and 3b, and the electrodes having different polarities are formed. 3a and 3b are inserted into the holes so that they are adjacent to each other. The device shown in FIG. 7 shows the case where the electric pulse destruction device shown in Embodiment 1 having one high-potential electrode 3b and one low-potential electrode 3a is used. When a plurality of potential electrodes and a plurality of low potential electrodes are provided, the plurality of holes are provided in a staggered lattice pattern, and the high potential electrode and the low potential electrode are arranged adjacent to each other.

Experiment 4)

Using concrete specimens and granite specimens as solid insulators, the relationship between the depth D of holes formed in the solid insulators and the distance between electrodes having different polarities was examined.

Each specimen was provided with multiple vertical holes with a diameter of 40 [mm] and a depth D of up to 200 [mm]. A plurality of vertical holes were provided by varying the distance between the vertical holes, ie, the distance L between the mutual electrodes, from 100 [mm] to 300 [mm]. The electrodes were formed from a conductive steel rod with a diameter of 12 [hidden] and a polyethylene insulator covering it to a diameter of 38 [mm]. Electrodes having different polarities were placed in adjacent holes. Here, the low potential side was grounded. And each hole was filled with water. The pulse voltage generation parameters were adjusted so that electrical breakdown occurred in the falling part of the pulse voltage 250 to 950 [ns] after the pulse voltage started to rise.

Then, a high potential pulse voltage was applied to the high potential electrodes. The results are shown below.

Distance between mutual electrodes (distance between vertical holes) When the electrodes were submerged in a vertical hole having a depth of less than 1/3 of L, electricity flashed along the surface. The number of internal discharges was small.

When the depth of the vertical hole was more than 1/3 of the distance between the mutual electrodes (the distance between the vertical holes) L, the pulse voltage required more high energy, but the inside of the test piece The discharge rate reached more than 90%, and the optimum result was obtained.

[Embodiment 5]

8 (a) and 8 (b) are conceptual diagrams showing an electric pulse destruction device 16 for destructing a solid insulator used in the fifth embodiment.

The solid insulator 5 is a substantially rectangular parallelepiped as shown in FIG. 8 (b). The conductive material layer 5b is embedded so as to extend horizontally from the upper surface of the solid insulator 5 at a depth L [cm]. Here, one high-potential electrode 3b of the electrode unit 3 of the electric pulse destruction apparatus shown in the first embodiment is electrically connected to the corner of the surface of the solid insulator 5 at a constant speed V [cm / s]. It is arranged to be movable in the direction along the elastic reinforcing material layer 5b. When arranging a plurality of high potential electrodes 3b, the high potential electrodes 3b are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the moving direction. The low potential electrode 3a is connected to the conductive reinforcing material layer 5b. Here, the low potential side is grounded. Since the conductive scavenger layer 5b is embedded so as to extend horizontally from the surface of the solid insulator 5 at a depth L [cm], the distance between the electrodes of different polarities is L [cm]. ]. And the pulse repetition rate? = (1.0 to 1.2) High voltage pulse is applied to the electrode at 2V / L [pps]. With this configuration, higher destruction efficiency was obtained.

If there is no conductive reinforcing material in the solid insulator 5, as shown in Fig. 9, a wire mesh, metal hole or plate 5b is attached to the lower surface of the solid insulator 5 with a high-potential electrode. It is good to provide along the moving direction of 3b. In this case, the low-potential electrode 3a is connected to the wire mesh, metal rod, plate, or the like 5b, and one or more high-potential electrodes 3b are connected to a corner of the upper surface of the solid insulator 5 at a constant speed V. Arrange so that it can move with [cm / s]. Therefore, the thickness of the solid insulator 5 is the distance L [cm] between the mutual electrodes between different polarities.

Experiment 5)

Using a reinforced concrete specimen as the solid insulator 5, the fracture efficiency was examined while changing the pulse repetition rate F according to the above equation.

The reinforced concrete test piece has a single-layer reinforcing material 5a at a depth of 10 [cm] from the surface thereof. Therefore, the distance L [cm] between the mutual electrodes between different polarities is 10 [cm]. ]Met. The mesh size of the reinforcing material 5a was 50 × 50 [sq 删]. In the range as shown in Fig. 10, the breaking efficiency was examined by changing the speed and the coefficient. The highest breakdown efficiency was demonstrated in the range of pulse repetition rate F = 10 to 12 [pps].

When the repetition rate F was lower than 2 V / L, the number of pulses was not enough to provide complete failure of the reinforced concrete specimen, and the unbroken area still remained.

When the repetition rate F was higher than 1.2 X 2-V / L, the reinforced concrete fragments became too small and the energy consumption was too high.

[Embodiment 6] FIG. 11 is a conceptual diagram showing an electric pulse breaking device 18 for breaking a solid insulator used in the sixth embodiment. The device itself is the same as the electric pulse destruction device shown in the first embodiment, but the distance Lc [cm] between the mutual electrodes between different polarities is set by the following equation.

Lc = (6.1 to 6.4) H -2.4 [cm]

Here, H [cra] is a desired depth from the surface layer of the solid insulator 5.

By determining the distance Lc [cm] between the mutual electrodes having different polarities in accordance with the above equation, a desired depth H [cm] can be obtained from the surface layer of the solid insulator 5.

Incidentally, as shown in FIG. 12, when the solid insulator 5 has a conductive reinforcing material layer 5b extending in the horizontal direction at a position of a depth L [cm] from the upper surface, as shown in Embodiment 1, The high-potential electrode 3b of the electrode section 3 of the electric pulse destruction device is disposed on the surface of the solid insulator 5, and the low-potential electrode 3a is connected to the conductive layer 5b. Here, the low potential side is grounded. Since the conductive reinforcing material layer 5b is embedded so as to extend horizontally from the surface of the solid insulator 5 at a depth L [cm], the distance between the mutual electrodes between different polarities is L [cm]. In addition, in the sixth embodiment, the number of the high-potential electrodes and the number of the low-potential electrodes are not limited to one, and are selected as needed.

Experiment 6)

Said measured set mutual electrode distance Lc [cm] deep was actually destroyed from the surface layer of the solid insulator 5 for Is He _X p [cm] in accordance with equation.

A granite specimen with an area of 900 X 1200 [sq mm] and a thickness of 600 [瞧] was used as the solid insulator 5. The tank was filled with water until it was 100 [hidden] above the surface of the granite specimen. After oscillating 1 to 3 pulses, the pair of positive and negative electrodes 3b and 3a are separated from the previous position by half the distance between the mutual electrodes. Moved to a new location. This process was repeated until the entire surface of the test piece was destroyed.

Table 13 shows the results of this experiment when the coefficient 6.1 was adopted. The last row of the table shows the experimental depth Hexp. The desired depth of fracture, H, and the experimental depth, Hexp, are in good agreement. In particular, the greater the distance Lc between the mutual electrodes, the better the agreement.

In addition, experiments were conducted using concrete specimens, granite specimens, etc., until the distance Lc between the electrodes became 40 [cm]. The experimental value Hexp for the depth was optimally predicted when the distance Lc between the mutual electrodes was determined by the equation Lc = (6.1-6.4) H-2.4 [cm]. When the coefficient was smaller than 6.1, the experimental value Hexp exceeded the desired depth H. When the coefficient was greater than 6.4, the experimental value Hexp was less than the desired depth H, and a higher voltage was required to provide electrical breakdown. Energy E~V ² (V is voltage) therefore, was lowered energy efficiency of a high voltage is applied results destruction. Industrial applicability

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The electric pulse breaking equipment and method of the present invention can be used in the field of mining and drilling holes having a high precision diameter. Similarly, it can be used in the civil engineering industry, such as dismantling old reinforced concrete blocks and rebuilding roads and runways.

Claims

The scope of the claims

1. A pulse voltage generator, and an electrode portion having one end connected to the pulse voltage generator and the other end contacting a solid insulator, and covering a contact point between the solid insulator and the electrode portion with a liquid. An electric pulse destruction device for destructing the solid insulator by applying a pulse voltage to the electrode portion, wherein the pulse generator is configured to cause an electric pulse destruction at a falling part of the pulse voltage. An electric pulse destruction device for destroying solid insulators whose pulse voltage generation parameters are adjusted.

2. The solid insulator according to claim 1, wherein the total resistance of the electrode portion in the liquid is adjusted to be 7 times or more the wave impedance of the pulse voltage generator. Electrical pulse destruction device for

3. The solid insulator is a solid insulator having a conductive reinforcing material layer therein,

The electrode unit has a plurality of high-potential electrodes in contact with the solid insulator, and a low-potential electrode connected to a conductive reinforcing material,

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the relative positions of the tips of the plurality of high-potential electrodes are fixed such that the distance from the tips of the high-potential electrodes to the reinforcing material layer in the solid insulator is the same. Item 3. An electric pulse destruction device for destroying a solid insulator according to Item 2.

4. The electrode portion has a plurality of electrodes, and the solid insulator has a plurality of holes having a depth of 1/3 or more of a distance between the mutual electrodes between the electrodes having different polarities. Solid insulator,

3. The solid insulator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the electrodes having different polarities are respectively inserted into holes adjacent to each other. Pulse destruction equipment for.

5. The solid insulator is a solid insulator provided with a conductive material on an inner layer or on one surface,

The electrode portion is a low-potential electrode connected to the conductive material to form a low-potential electrode, and the solid insulator is sandwiched between the low-potential electrode and the other surface of the solid insulator. Having a high potential electrode placed,

The high-potential electrode can move on the other surface of the solid insulator at a constant speed V [cm / s], and when the distance between different electrodes is L [cm], pulse repetition is performed. A high voltage pulse is applied to the electrode portion at a ratio of 1 ^ (1.0 to 1.2) 2 / [ ₅ ]. An electric power for destroying a solid insulator according to claim 1 or claim 2. Pulse destruction device.

6. The electric pulse destruction device for destroying a solid insulator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a distance Lc [cm] between mutual electrodes having different polarities is adjusted by the following equation.

Lc = (6.1 to 6.4) H -2.4 [cm] where H [cm] is a desired breaking depth to be obtained by electric pulse breaking.

7. A pulse voltage generator, and an electrode portion having one end connected to the pulse voltage generator and the other end contacting with a solid insulator, wherein a contact point between the solid insulator and the electrode portion is covered with a liquid. An electric pulse destruction method for destruction of the solid insulator by applying a pulse voltage to the electrode portion using a known electric pulse destruction device,

An electric pulse destruction method for destructing the solid insulator at a falling part of the pulse voltage.

8. The solid resistance is destroyed by increasing the total resistance of the electrode section in the liquid to 7 times or more the wave impedance of the pulse voltage generator. The electric pulse destruction method according to claim 7.