WO1999020137A1

WO1999020137A1 - Strip-like multilayered object, especially a watch strap

Info

Publication number: WO1999020137A1
Application number: PCT/AT1998/000250
Authority: WO
Inventors: Kurt Waniek
Original assignee: Hirsch Armbänder Gesellschaft Mbh
Priority date: 1997-10-20
Filing date: 1998-10-20
Publication date: 1999-04-29
Also published as: DE19847710A1

Abstract

An elongated, in particular multilayered object (1), in particular a watch strap, has at least one bottom layer (10) and one top layer (9) made of one or several inorganic and/or organic materials, for example metal, plastics, leather, textiles or the like. At least one of the layers is steam- and/or water-permeable. A layer made of an adsorbing material (12) for gases, liquids or the like, is located in said layer and/or between said layer and another layer, in particular the bottom and/or top layer (10, 9).

Description

RAIL-SHAPED, MULTI-LAYERED ITEM, IN PARTICULAR WATCH STRAP

The invention relates to a web-shaped, in particular multilayered object, in particular a watch strap, according to the preambles of claims 1, 2 and 69, and a method for its production according to claim 78.

A wide variety of watch straps are already known from the prior art, including a large number of multilayer variants. Leather, plastics, metals or combinations of the latter are usually used as materials for such watch straps. Although there has been good experience with these materials in the past, a growing number of users of these watch straps have recently encountered a wide variety of problems during and after wearing these items, not least due to the changed environmental conditions due to increasingly aggressive media.

A leather watch strap is known from DE 41 35 235 AI, which consists of a perforated lining leather, an upper leather and a moisture barrier layer between the lining and upper leather. The moisture barrier layer can be designed as a fleece insert which is moisture-tight in the direction of the upper leather and in the direction

Lining leather has an increased moisture absorption. This improves the sweat absorption and sweatability of the watch strap, so that the risk of the lining leather rotting from the inside is reduced. A disadvantage of this watch strap is that, in the event of excessive sweating, despite the fleece insert, an accumulation of sweat and the substances thus transported in the watch strap cannot be avoided.

AT 364 557 B discloses a leather watch strap with an I-shaped support made of a sweat and dirt-impermeable material, as well as an upper leather and an absorbent insert that is visible from the outside. The insert is supposed to

Although dirt and sweat are absorbed, odors are avoided. A disadvantage of this watch strap is that this structure means that the insert is attached to the surface of the watch strap facing the skin of a wearer, so that there is a build-up of fluid between the wearer's skin and the watch strap in the event of excessive perspiration.

From FR 2 693 636 AI a watch band is known, which is partly made of plastic is constructed. This construction is intended to prevent allergic reactions of the human skin to these metals, particularly in the case of watch bands with metals, in particular the transition elements nickel and chrome. It is disadvantageous, however, that skin irritation caused by said plastic cannot be prevented, so that the risk of an allergic reaction to one material is countered by the risk of an allergic reaction to another material.

A plastic watch strap is known from WO 88/02996 A, which is equipped with a coating of textile pile. This is to ensure that the plastic is kept away from the skin and that wearing the watch strap is more pleasant and healthier. However, the equipment of textile objects that is common today is not taken into account, so that allergic reactions cannot be ruled out here either.

The present invention has for its object to provide a web-shaped, in particular multi-layered object, which is characterized by improved wearing properties. The invention further comprises a method for producing such an object.

This object of the invention is achieved by the features of claim 1. It is advantageous here that the object ensures good wearing comfort, since the surface facing the carrier of such an object effectively prevents water vapor condensation and water accumulation between the object and the carrier due to its permeability to water vapor or water. The arrangement of an adsorbent inside the object according to the invention advantageously increases the capacity for liquids to be absorbed, so that, for example, an overproduction of sweat is initially stored. These amounts of liquid are then released into the environment again in the hours in which the object according to the invention is not worn. The adsorbent also effectively prevents the spread of unpleasant odors, which are caused by microorganisms during the breakdown process of nutrients contained in sweat, for example salts, dust particles or parts of the skin of the wearer that are transported with the sweat and which get into the sweat through a natural desquamation process. The special properties of the object according to the invention also ensure effective protection against the development of skin irritations which arise from the interplay of, for example, leather or plastic and sweat can.

The object of the invention can also be solved independently by the features in the characterizing part of the independent claim 2. It is advantageous here that the microbial activities of the bacteria can be largely prevented by coating or impregnating a layer or parts of a layer with an antibacterial active substance, so that unpleasant odors resulting from the metabolism of the bacteria are avoided. In addition, such an embodiment of an object according to the invention can effectively counteract the unintentional destruction of the material by rotting, matting or the like, triggered by the bacteria. However, the bacteriocide attached to or in the object can also have the effect that the surroundings of the object are kept largely free of bacteria, so that skin irritation, triggered by the concentrated occurrence of bacteria between the object and the skin of a wearer of such an object , can be countered with advantage.

Another embodiment according to claim 3 is also advantageous, since such adsorbents are distinguished by their high absorption capacity for liquids.

Furthermore, an embodiment according to claims 4 and 5 is advantageous, whereby, on the one hand, when using, in particular, spherically shaped adsorber particles, the capacity of the individual particles for receiving an adsorbate is greatest, since the ratio of surface area to volume of a particle is most advantageous in the case of a spherical configuration. On the other hand, this enables rapid adaptation to changed cross sections of the other parts of the object according to the invention, so that the production of the object takes place with great flexibility.

According to other embodiment variants according to claims 6 and 7, it is possible on the one hand advantageously to make the object according to the invention flat in cross-section without causing capacity problems, and on the other hand the exhausted adsorbent can easily be replaced by fresh or regenerated one.

However, training according to claims 8 to 12 is also advantageous, since the use of such antibacterial active ingredients means that both gram-positive and gram-positive negative bacteria are hindered in their microbial activity. In addition, it is possible that the bacterial tolerance of the article according to the invention can be positively influenced with such bacteriocides.

According to claim 13, the good biodegradability of the antibacterial active ingredient makes it possible, when using natural, in particular degradable, materials for the object according to the invention that the landfilling of the object does not cause any special problems.

In the embodiment according to claim 14, in addition to infesting the object with bacteria, an infestation with yeasts and fungi can also be effectively counteracted.

According to another embodiment variant according to claim 15, the inner structure of the object is protected in an advantageous manner - consequently also the skin of the wearer of such an object - since a large part of the bacteria is prevented from penetrating into the interior of the object.

The embodiment according to claim 16 advantageously makes it possible to extend the period of use of the adsorbent, since preventive measures are taken to counteract the development of odors which arise during the breakdown of nutrients due to microorganisms.

Due to the design according to claim 17, it is possible to use the object according to the invention over a long period of time without loss of quality with regard to the

Wear comfort and the optical properties of the object, which can be caused by weathering, for example.

An embodiment according to claim 18 is also advantageous, since it enables a versatile usability of the object according to the invention as well as adaptability to the respective circumstances.

A further development according to claim 19 is also advantageous, since this simplifies the handling of the adsorbent and / or the antibacterial active substance during the manufacture of the article.

The development according to claim 20 ensures that the adsorbent before decomposition Interference is protected by pressure loads, and there are no undesirable surface irregularities.

Due to the training according to claims 21 to 24, the adsorbent can be easily embedded in the carrier material, on the one hand, and the wearing comfort of the object is increased by weight reduction. In addition, such designs make it possible in a simple manner to apply active ingredients with good adhesion in the subject matter according to the invention.

According to an embodiment as described in claim 25, it is achieved that there is increased strength when the article is handled improperly.

The embodiment according to claim 26 makes it possible to produce objects which are distinguished by their reduced weight, based on the weight of comparable objects.

An embodiment according to claim 27 is also advantageous, since good ventilation or rear ventilation is possible, similar to house facades. This allows the amount of liquid in the adsorbent and / or the carrier layer or the surrounding layers to be reduced at a sufficient rate.

However, an embodiment according to claim 28 is also advantageous, since this creates the possibility of producing the further layers of the object from materials which are unsuitable for impregnating and / or coating with an antibacterial active substance.

However, an embodiment according to claim 29 is also advantageous, since it effectively counteracts a liquid build-up between the skin of a wearer and the object according to the invention.

According to claim 30, the speed of the liquid transport in or out of the object is increased.

In the embodiment according to claim 31, the useful life of the adsorbent layer is advantageously extended. Bacteria penetrating the object are largely destroyed before they can begin to break down with the nutrients transported in sweat, so that the development of odors with reduced intensity did.

The configurations according to claims 32 and 33 enable the cross section of the object to be adapted to any shape in a simple manner, so that the object can be used universally.

Embodiments according to claims 34 and 35 are also advantageous, in which a special "soft effect" of the object according to the invention is achieved and at the same time a further layer is available for taking up active substances.

The embodiment according to claim 36 is advantageous, since the resistance of the object to external stresses is increased.

By arranging a barrier layer within the multi-layer article according to one or more of claims 37 to 39, rotting of the cover layer as a result of liquids absorbed by the bottom layer is prevented in a simple and advantageous manner.

Due to the training according to claims 40 and / or 41, it is advantageously possible to waste products from own or third-party productions as well as recycling materials to be used sensibly and thus to protect the primary resources.

An embodiment according to claim 42 is also advantageous, since in this way a multi-compound material can be used, with the aid of which it is possible to bring objects according to the invention into any desired spatial shape, ie it is also possible to produce spatially curved shapes.

The further developments according to claims 43 and / or 44 make it possible, for example, to use the smallest remaining stocks of leather and at the same time open up a high degree of elasticity and suppleness and a low bending resistance of objects made from such material. This is important, for example, for watch straps that should adapt to the shape of the wrist or forearm as far as possible.

However, designs according to claims 45 and 46 are also advantageous, in which, through the bonding of the binder, an intimate cohesion of the components of the material is realized.

The configurations according to claims 47 and 48 advantageously make it possible to produce an object according to the invention which is adapted to the most varied of requirements. For example, if the bottom layer from the

Composite material is formed, good drainage of water vapor and / or water from the skin of a wearer of such an object can be ensured via the absorbent materials. If these materials are also impregnated with an antibacterial agent, microbial activities are prevented at the same time, so that the object as a whole can be made thinner, since a deposit of antibacterial agent inside the object can be made smaller, or with the appropriate formation of the bottom layer formed from the composite material can be omitted. In addition, when leather fibers are used for the composite material, it is possible to produce an article which, if the composite material is used for the cover layer, is given a leather-like appearance.

In the embodiment according to claim 49, it is advantageous that the use of leather as the cover layer gives a long-lasting, multi-layer object which is characterized by its durability, coupled with an elegant, natural exterior.

However, an embodiment according to one or more of claims 50 to 53 is also advantageous, since the structural measures thereby set can significantly improve the longevity and the user-friendliness with regard to the use of the object according to the invention.

The embodiment according to claim 54 advantageously allows objects according to the invention to be designed such that they are also suitable, for example, for dainty ladies' wristwatches and yet the further layers lying under the protective layer are effectively shielded from external influences, for example color changes due to exposure to sunlight.

According to an advantageous further development according to claim 55, it is achieved that the fragrances embedded in the sheet-like object not only support the mode of action of the adsorbent as a filter for, for example, unpleasant odors, but are practically reversed for a user of such an object. However, an embodiment according to claim 56 is also advantageous, by which it is possible to use fragrances with a lower proportion based on the total weight of the article, so that, for example, more expensive essential oils can also be used for the article without the production costs for the Increase item beyond measure.

Finally, an embodiment according to claim 57 is also possible, through which direct contact between the fragrance and the adsorbent is effectively prevented.

An embodiment according to claim 58 proves to be advantageous since a further increase in the strength of the object is made possible.

Furthermore, an embodiment according to claim 59 is advantageous, since this ensures that the multilayer structure is firmly held together.

In the embodiment according to claim 60, solid cohesion is advantageously possible without additional work steps, such as e.g. the application of adhesive layers are required, which, among other things, the manufacture of the object according to the invention becomes cheaper.

However, an embodiment as described in claim 61 is also advantageously possible, by means of which, for example, a watch strap is made available to the consumer, which he can put together himself with simple means, according to his requirements and wishes.

In this case, an embodiment according to claim 62 proves to be advantageous, since the individual wishes of the consumers can thus be dealt with in a simple manner.

According to an advantageous development according to claim 63 and / or 64, materials with a long service life can be used for the remaining layers of the object.

However, designs according to claims 65 to 68 are also advantageous, since by arranging outlets in the bottom layer and filling these outlets with adsorbents, which can be distributed, for example, in a fleece, a rapid drainage of liquid, for example sweat, of a carrier of the object according to the invention into the interior of the object according to the invention is possible and, on the other hand, a simpler and faster regeneration of the adsorbent is possible when the object according to the invention is not carried.

However, the object of the invention is also achieved by an embodiment according to the features in the characterizing part of the independent claim 69. It is advantageous that, on the one hand, the anti-allergy layer can be used to prevent allergens and / or irritants from the material (s) for the article according to the invention from getting into the skin of the wearer of the article, or on the other hand that moisture, in particular sweat, from the skin into the object, in particular the layers of the object loaded with allergens or irritants, in order to release the allergens and / or irritants there.

However, configurations according to claims 70 and 71 are also advantageous, according to which the anti-allergy layer can be firmly connected to other layers of the object in a simple manner and, on the other hand, it is possible in this way to provide an indicator for determining the wear of the anti-allergy layer.

Embodiments according to claims 72 and 73 are also advantageous, since the choice of material enables the object to be used by a large part of the population without allergies or skin irritations being triggered by this anti-allergy layer, and thus also creating a possibility that To give the object itself greater strength, in particular increased resistance to tensile forces and / or frictional forces.

Embodiments according to claims 74 and 75 are also advantageous, according to which it is possible to design at least one surface, in particular the uncovered surface of the base layer, in such a way that the contact area between the object and the carrier of this object can be reduced in comparison to the full-surface contact . This also makes it possible to provide a kind of circulation space between the object and its carrier, so that a certain proportion of moisture, in particular sweat, can be removed by the air surrounding the object and thus the load on the object with moisture can be reduced can. As a result, the lifespan of the

Object can be achieved, in particular when using an adsorbent, its capacity can be dimensioned smaller. In an embodiment of the article according to claim 76, it is advantageous that the incorporation of the anti-allergy layer into one of the other layers of the article enables a simplified structure of the article and that on the other hand it already makes it possible to remove the anti-allergy material, in particular the anti-allergy particles to be taken into account and processed in the manufacturing process of the cover layer and / or bottom layer, in particular the cover leather and / or the lining leather.

However, an embodiment according to claim 77 is also advantageous, since the object according to the invention can thus be easily upgraded or retrofitted and / or an already existing anti-allergy layer can be reactivated, since the anti-allergenic material in the form of salts in the inventive Object can be introduced, which can then react with the allergens or irritants to a stable, harmless for the wearer of the object.

However, the object of the invention is also achieved independently of this by a method for producing a web-shaped, multilayered object according to the features specified in claim 78.

It is advantageous in the method steps selected here that the object according to the invention can be manufactured in a single shaping step, after the manual or mechanical introduction of the individual layers or parts of the layers, using structurally simple means. This makes it possible to use the individual layers of the object in the prefabricated state, whereby a high degree of automation can be achieved.

However, a method according to claim 79 is also advantageously used, in which a high degree of prefabrication and automation is achieved.

Furthermore, a procedure in accordance with the features specified in claims 80 and / or 81 is advantageous, because on the one hand this creates a possibility of applying the antibacterial agent to large workpieces and, on the other hand, of using the antibacterial agent as sparingly as possible. In addition, additional procedural steps can be saved and the two-part form is less expensive to design. The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawings.

Show it:

1 shows the web-shaped, in particular multi-layered, object according to the invention used as a watch strap, in a top view;

2 shows the object according to the invention, in a front view, in section, according to lines II-II in FIG. 1 in an exploded view;

Fig. 3 shows another embodiment variant of the subject invention, in

Front view, cut;

4 shows a section of a further embodiment variant of the object according to the invention, in end view;

5 shows a detail of an embodiment variant of the object according to the invention, in a front view, cut;

6 shows a section of a further embodiment variant of the object according to the invention, in a front view, cut;

7 shows a section of another embodiment variant of the object according to the invention, in a front view, cut;

8 shows a detail of an embodiment variant of the object according to the invention, in a front view, cut;

9 shows a section of a further embodiment variant of the object according to the invention, in a front view, in section;

10 uses the web-shaped, in particular multi-layered object according to the invention as a watch strap, in a top view;

Fig. 11, the subject of the invention, in front view, cut, according to lines XI - XI in Fig. 10;

12 shows another embodiment variant of the object according to the invention, in end view, in section;

13 shows a section of a further embodiment variant of the object according to the invention, in end view;

14 shows a detail of an embodiment variant of the object according to the invention, in a front view, cut;

15 shows another embodiment variant of the object according to the invention, in a front view, cut.

As an introduction, it should be noted that in the differently described embodiments, the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals or the same component names, and the disclosures contained in the entire description can be applied analogously to the same parts with the same reference numerals or the same component names. The location information selected in the description, e.g. above, below, laterally etc. refer to the figure described and illustrated immediately and are to be transferred to the new position in the event of a change of position. Furthermore, individual features from the different exemplary embodiments shown can also represent independent solutions according to the invention.

1 shows web-shaped, in particular multi-layer objects 1 and 2, which for example form an eyelet part 3 and a band part 4 of a watch band 5 for a watch 6. However, it should be pointed out at this point that the object according to the invention can also be designed as a strap for handbags, belts, belt loops and the like.

The eyelet and band parts 3, 4 of the watch band 5 are connected to the watch 6 via pins 7, which are guided through loops 8 of the eyelet and band part 3, 4.

2, the web-shaped object 1 is cut in an exploded end view in an explo- sions representation shown. Of course, all of the embodiments described below can apply to all objects which are manufactured from the object according to the invention.

In this embodiment, the object 1 consists of a cover layer 9, a bottom layer 10 and an intermediate layer 1 1 of an adsorbent 12. The amount of adsorbent 12 should advantageously be such that its effect over the average life of the The subject matter of the invention changed only insignificantly. The cover layer 9 can be designed, for example, as a leather strip, plastic strip, textile strip, in whole or in part as a ceramic or the like. The bottom layer 10 preferably consists either of a water vapor and / or water permeable material, for example textiles, plastics such as cellulose acetate, or of a water vapor or water impermeable material such as ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, leather, or that in special production steps, for example through openings created with the aid of a needle roller, the properties required are given to achieve the object of the invention. It is also possible to use inhomogeneous materials, which absorbent fibers are embedded during the production process and which establish a connection between the adsorbent 12 and the surroundings of the object 1. This makes it possible, as indicated by arrows 13 in FIG. 2, for water vapor or water to penetrate into the layer 11 from the outside. The cover layer 9 is covered with the bottom layer 10 e.g. with the help of an adhesive, which is preferably also water vapor or water permeable, firmly connected. Of course, there is also the possibility of using adhesives that lack the latter properties. In this case, it is advantageous not to apply the adhesive over the entire surface, but instead, for example, to carry out only punctiform or strip-like bonds.

Of course, the adsorbent can also be connected to the surroundings of the object 1 via the surfaces or surface parts forming the side edges. In this case, any materials can be used for the bottom layer 10. However, it is also possible to use the side edges in connection with the bottom layer 10 to increase the capacity.

The layer 11 preferably consists of an arrangement of spherical activated carbon particles 14 that is packed as densely as possible. However, preference for the spherical shape excludes the use of activated carbon particles 14 with any external ones Shape, for example threads or the like. Not from. Other substances with adsorbing properties, such as silica gel, aluminum oxide ALO ^, zeolites or the like can also be used. The activated carbon particles 14 can, as shown in the left part of FIG. 2, be loosely poured between the top layer 9 and the bottom layer 10, or else be used as a layer solidified with a binder 15, as schematically shown in the right part of FIG. 2 is indicated. In the case of loose fill, there is the possibility, for simplifying processing, that the activated carbon particles 14 are surrounded by a film 16, as is shown in FIG. 2 by the dashed line. The film 16 should of course also be designed to be water vapor and / or water permeable.

The use of activated carbon as an adsorbent offers the advantage of air conditioning. If odors are generated due to microbial activity, the initially adsorbed liquid, e.g. the water of sweat, is displaced from the surface of the adsorbent by the odor molecules due to the higher affinity due to the higher binding energy to the activated carbon, so that on the one hand the odor adsorption also in the moist state is fully functional and, on the other hand, due to the air conditioning effect, the skin of a wearer of such an object is kept free from undesired moisture.

3 shows an object 1 as an embodiment variant, which in turn consists of a cover layer 9, a bottom layer 10 and a layer of a loosely poured adsorbent 12, which is surrounded by a film 16. However, in this variant, in contrast to the previously described embodiment, the cover layer 9 is not firmly connected to the base layer 10, but is attached to the latter via releasable fastening means 17. These fastening means 17 can be designed, for example, as a Velcro fastener, pressure fasteners or the like. It is thereby achieved that after separating the top and bottom layers 9, 10 the adsorbent 12 is replaced and e.g. can be fed to a regeneration process. The regeneration can be carried out, for example, by temperature treatment in an oven, as a result of which the loading of the adsorbent 12 is reduced.

4 shows in cross section a multilayer structure of a further embodiment variant of a sheet-like object 1 according to the invention. Here, the adsorbent 12 is embedded in a carrier material 18 which is molded onto the bottom layer 10 in the direction of the surface 19 of the sheet-like object facing away from a carrier of the object 1 is. Of course the connection can be like in all other design variants, again here by adhesive layers or the like. or take place releasably. A nonwoven 20 made of fibers 21 or threads 22, for example made of polyester with a basis weight of 60 g / m ² to 100 g / m ² , preferably 85 g / m ² , can be used as the carrier material. However, it is also conceivable to use fabrics, knitted fabrics or the like made from natural and / or synthetic fibers and / or threads. An adsorbent layer 23 formed in this way should have a basis weight which is not too high and which can be in the range between 200 g / m ² and 400 g / m ² , in particular 340 g / m ² . In addition, the air permeability of the adsorbent layer 23 should be between 600 l / m ² s and 800 l / m ² s and the tear strength should be at least 200 N. This advantageously achieves a high level of comfort for the article 1 with sufficient strength.

A barrier layer 25, for example made of a water vapor and / or water impermeable plastic, can optionally be applied to the surface 24 of the adsorbent layer 23 opposite the bottom layer 10, as is indicated by the dashed lines in FIG. 4. Again, the connection can be made using the methods already mentioned. This barrier layer prevents liquids and the dirt particles or vapors transported therewith from being able to penetrate into the cover layer 9. If the cover layer 9 consists, for example, of leather or a material which contains weatherable substances, such penetration of said substances entails the risk that said substances are subject to a too rapid degradation process and item 1 quickly has an unsightly appearance receives.

Of course, here too there is again the possibility of exchangeably attaching the adsorbent layer 23 in the article 1 so that regeneration is made possible. For this purpose, however, the carrier material 18 should be selected so that it can withstand an increased temperature load.

5 shows in cross section a multilayer structure for an object 1.

This consists of the cover layer 9, which is connected to the barrier layer 25 via an adhesive layer 26, and the bottom layer 10, which is also attached to the barrier layer 25 via an adhesive layer 27. In this case, the adsorbent 12 is incorporated into the bottom layer 10, which in turn is permeable to water vapor or water. For this reason, the adhesive layer 27 should be designed to be moisture-stable. In this exemplary embodiment, the bottom layer 10 takes on the function of the outer cover and also the function of the carrier material 18 for the adsorbent 12. This enables a variant which is inexpensive in the manufacturing process. A suitable material 18 is, for example, a mixture of leather fibers or threads and a binder which is mixed with the adsorber particles before curing.

In order to ensure sufficient capacity in this example for the absorption of odorous substances, liquids, gases, dirt and the like on the expected average life of the object 1, without the thickness of the object 1 due to the gaps filled with carrier material 18 between the individual adsorber particles increased beyond measure, it is possible to impregnate the carrier layer 18 and / or the adsorbent 12 with at least one antibacterial active ingredient, in particular derivatives of isothiazolinone, nonoxynol-9 or the like. This prevents, for example, the breakdown of nutrients contained in sweat by microorganisms, so that the development of odors is consequently reduced. Of course, there is also the possibility of this preventive measure in all other design variants.

A further embodiment variant for the multilayer structure of the object 1 is shown in cross section in FIG. 6. An additional layer 28 is applied between the barrier layer 25 and the adsorbent layer 23 in which the adsorbent 12 is embedded. The object 1 is delimited from the outside by the cover layer 9 and the bottom layer 10. The layers are connected to one another by thermal molding and compression hardening, but it is also possible to use all other suitable joining techniques, such as Glue are used.

A suitable mixture for this additional layer 25 is, for example, a mixture of fiber materials 29, e.g. Leather and / or cotton and / or cellulose and / or plastic fibers and the like, which with a binder 30, in Fig. 6 as

Hatching shown, is solidified into a composite material. On the one hand, this allows the thickness of the object 1 to be increased in a simple manner, which is particularly desirable when using the object 1 as a watch strap 5 for large, heavy men's wristwatches, and on the other hand it creates the possibility of inexpensive waste materials from our own production or from another manufacturer's to recycle. Suitable binders 30 are preferably coagulating materials, for example latex, polyurethane dispersions, which are applied when pressure is applied and / or temperature, inter alia, develop an adhesive effect, so that additional adhesive layers can be dispensed with. As an additional effect, for example, when using latex, its barrier effect against liquids comes into play, so that the barrier layer 25 is relieved and may even be dispensed with entirely, as shown in the present example. In addition, suitable waste materials, such as foam flakes 31, which in this way become valuable raw materials, can also be used. Of course, it is also possible to recycle suitable recycling materials in this way, thereby conserving primary resources. Furthermore, adsorber particles can also be embedded in this layer 28, so that additional capacities are available for solving the object on which this invention is based.

However, there is also the possibility of using stiffening fiber materials 29, e.g. Fibers of graphite and / or ceramic and / or metal or the like. To add to the mixture, whereby an increase in strength is achieved.

A slightly different variant from the previous embodiment is shown in FIG. 7. Instead of the layer 28, a foam layer 32, for example made of polyurethane, is used in the construction of the object 1, but because of its absorbency it is preferably arranged between the barrier layer 25 and the cover layer 9. A special "soft effect" of the object 1 and improved wearing comfort are thus achieved in a simple manner.

The arrangement of a fleece layer 33 in item 1 is shown in FIG. 8. This fleece layer 33 is with the bottom layer 10 and the adsorbent layer 23 either via additional adhesive layers, which are not shown in Fig. 8, or directly, e.g. connected by thermoforming. The barrier layer 25 is again arranged above the adsorbent layer 23 and the cover layer 9 is arranged above it.

The fleece layer 33 consists of threads and / or fibers made of natural and / or synthetic materials and is designed, for example, as a random layer fleece which has been consolidated by needling. Of course, other types of fleece can also be used. The fleece layer 33 is preferably impregnated with at least one antibacterial active ingredient. In this construction, the fleece takes on the task of a dirt trap which is intended to intercept and absorb dust particles which, for example, pass through the bottom layer 10 together with the sweat into the interior of the object 1. It is thereby advantageously achieved that the adsorbent layer 23 only the task of liquid and gas adsorption is assigned, which extends their lifespan. If the individual layers are also releasably connected to one another, so that the fleece layer 33 and / or the adsorbent layer 23 can be regenerated from time to time - by simply washing out the fleece layer 33 or heat treatment of the adsorbent layer 23 - a decisive extension of the period of use of the object 1 is possible .

9 shows in cross section a multilayer structure for the object 1 with the following layer sequence: bottom layer 10, adhesive layer 27, non-woven layer 33, adhesive layer 27, adsorbent layer 23, adhesive layer 27, barrier layer 25, adhesive layer 26, layer 28, adhesive layer 26, cover layer 9 and protective layer 34. With the exception of protective layer 34, the advantages and modes of operation of the individual layers have been described in the preceding embodiment variants.

The protective layer 34 is intended as protection for the underlying cover layer 9 against environmental influences and, because of the various tasks, can also be designed in multiple layers, as is shown by the dash-dotted line in FIG. 9. Because of the variety of tasks mentioned and because of the multitude of possible combinations for such protective layers, it is only possible to describe individual examples here. However, this does not mean that examples other than those described are excluded.

On the one hand, the protective effect can be that the protective layer 34 is formed as a film that filters out parts or wavelength ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum, in particular UV and / or IR radiation. A premature change in the properties of the cover layer 9, e.g. in color changes for the case that leather or in strength changes for the case that plastic is used as a cover layer 9, prevented. Of course, the cover layer 9 can also be formed by such a protective layer 34.

If leather is used as the cover layer 9, a layer of care agents, such as e.g. Beeswax, be applied as a protective layer 34. This keeps the material supple over a long period of time.

However, one or more layers of lacquer can also be applied, which on the one hand protect the cover layer 9 from moisture, but on the other hand the possibility create that additional substances can be applied together with the lacquer layer. These can consist, for example, of color pigments which either have a color-deepening or a color-changing effect. In addition, it is possible for substances to be mixed into the lacquer layer which, for example, absorb UV and / or IR light.

10 shows web-shaped, in particular multi-layered, objects 101 and 102, which for example form an eyelet part 103 and a band part 104 of a watch band 105 for a watch 106. The eyelet and band parts 103, 104 of the watch band 105 are connected to the watch 106 in a rotationally movable manner via pins 107 which are guided through loops 108 of the eyelet and band part 103, 104.

In Fig. 11, the web-shaped object 101 is shown cut in front view. In this embodiment, a cover layer 109 is coated with an active ingredient layer 110, in particular composed of at least one antibacterial active ingredient, on a surface 1111 which faces the skin of a wearer. Of course, the entire surface or further partial surfaces of the object 101 can optionally be coated with the antibacterial active ingredient. The cover layer 109 is, for example, made of leather with a smooth, possibly embossed surface 112 and the rough, fibrous surface 1 1 1 formed. However, any other suitable material, such as Plastic, textile, metal, ceramic, combinations thereof, or the like, can be selected as the material for the cover layer 109. The active substance layer 110 consists at least of a bacteriocide, e.g. an isothiazolinone derivative, a derivative of thiazole, nonoxinol-9, and is attached directly to the cover layer 109 without the aid of connecting agents. It is of course also possible to use mixtures of different active ingredients, e.g. Propylene glycol mixed with a preferably fungicidal copper complex. The propylene glycol can take over the antibacterial part of the active ingredient combination. In addition, it can serve as a humectant, making it possible to maintain the suppleness of the article 101 according to the invention over a long period of time. If a liquid bacteriocide is used, there is of course also the possibility of utilizing the absorbency of the rough, fibrous surface 111 and of soaking the latter with the bacteriocide. However, it is also possible to use additional active ingredients, such as, for example, fragrances, essential oils or the like, in combination with the antibacterial active ingredient.

Of course, it is also possible to spray the active ingredient (s) to apply, for example an alcohol or the like. Can be used as a diluent.

Providing the object 101 with an antibacterial agent advantageously counteracts the risk of allergies which may arise from the use of the object 101. Such allergies can be triggered by gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria, for example, so that it proves to be advantageous to adapt the mode of action of the bacteriocide to both types of bacteria. It is to be achieved that the undesired germs by the action of the bacteriocide on the cell wall

Food intake is impossible and their growth, reproduction and activity is prevented. In addition, with the equipment of the object 101 designed in this way, the consequences of bacterial attack, in particular odor nuisance by eliminating breakdown products from the metabolism of the bacteria, can be prevented. Thus, on the one hand not only the comfort with regard to the wearing and hygiene properties of the article 101 increases, but on the other hand the effects on the environment of the wearer are also influenced in an advantageous manner. In addition, this finish protects against microbial stains and matting.

The antibacterial active ingredient or a solution prepared with it should have a pH between 6.0 and 9.0, preferably between 7.0 and 8.0, so that good skin tolerance is ensured in this regard. In addition, the amount of the antibacterial active ingredient is preferably matched to the average expected life of the object 101 and can be between 0.5% and 5%, preferably 1.0% to 2.0, based on the dry weight of the object 101. To protect the environment, the biodegradability of the antibacterial agent should also be between 40% and 100%.

FIG. 12 shows a further embodiment variant of an object 101 according to the invention, cut in front view. The object consists of a bottom layer 113, the top layer 109 and a storage layer 114 arranged in between. This storage layer 114 preferably consists of a carrier material 115 which is suitable for absorbing the antibacterial active ingredient. In particular, it consists of a woven fabric, knitted fabric, fleece or the like made of natural and / or synthetic fibers 116 and / or threads 117, for example cotton, sheep's wool, leather, cellulose, polyamide or the like. te the carrier material 1 15 may be suitable for the individual material particles, in this case the fibers 116 and / or threads 1 17, to be coated with the antibacterial agent or that their absorbency is so great that a sufficient amount of Bacteriocide is absorbed by the material particles. These properties can be met by the materials listed above.

It is possible to loosely separate the individual material particles, in particular the fibers 116 and / or threads 117, i.e. without using special bindings. It is also possible to connect these material particles with a binding agent 118 to form a firmly holding layer, as is shown in the right part of FIG

Hatching is indicated. Of course, it must be ensured that the binder 118 does not prevent the effectiveness of the bacteriocide by the fibers 116 and / or threads 11 17 being shielded from the outside by the binder 118. On the one hand, this can be done by using binders 118 which are permeable to liquids, in particular sweat. On the other hand, it is possible to take precautions, such as, for example, the application of fine channels in the storage layer 114 using, for example, needle rollers. In any case, however, the binding agent 118 should be designed to be moisture-stable in order to prevent the storage layer 114 from flowing away and thus to the loss of the load-bearing capacity. The binding agent 118 can be designed, for example, as an organic plastic resin.

Since the antibacterial active substance is arranged in the storage layer 114 within the article 101 according to the invention, it is necessary for its effectiveness to develop a layer, in particular the bottom layer 113, in such a way that the antibacterial active substance comes into contact with the media carrying the bacteria can. For this purpose, either the bottom layer 11 13 can be designed to be water vapor and / or water permeable, which is also desirable with regard to the wearing properties of the article 101, since this results in unpleasant fluid accumulations, for example by sweat, between the article 101 and the skin of a wearer of the article 101 be avoided. On the other hand, however, it is also possible to take precautions in the manufacture of the object 101 which ensure these properties, for example providing the bottom layer 113 with liquid-conducting channels. However, it is of course also possible to use a bacteriocide which can be heat activated, so that small amounts of the bacteriocide diffuse outward from the storage layer 114, for example through the bottom layer 113. The heat activation of the antibacterial active ingredient can be carried out by heating to skin temperature when the article 101 is worn. rature take place. However, the individual layers of the object 101 should be connected to one another in such a way that the bacteriocide depot can be refilled. This can be done, for example, by releasable fastening means 19, for example Velcro fasteners, pressure fasteners or the like, which are not shown in FIG. 12. However, it is of course also possible to connect the individual layers using the methods already mentioned, for example adhesives, thermal fixation or the like. In this case, used bacteriocide could be refilled with the help of fine injection syringes by a specialist or possibly by a layperson.

In order to avoid the undesired accumulation of liquid already mentioned in the latter case, it is either possible that the bottom layer 113 serves as a liquid reservoir, or that preferably spherical adsorbents 120, for example activated carbon, silica gel or the like, are embedded in the bottom layer 113. Of course, adsorbents in any external shape can also be used. This advantageously not only avoids the mentioned liquid build-up, but also prevents bacterially contaminated media from penetrating deeply into the object 101, since the activity of the bacteria at the interface between the bottom layer 13 and the storage layer 114 or already in the adsorber particles due to the diffusion of the bacteriocide is avoided. It is of course also possible to additionally provide the adsorbents 120 with at least one antibacterial active ingredient.

FIG. 13 shows a section of the multilayer structure of a further embodiment variant of the object 101 according to the invention. In this case, the active substance layer 110 with the antibacterial active substance is applied to the rough surface 1 1 1 opposite the surface 112 of the cover layer 109, for example by soaking or coating, whereby the roughness of the surface is not mandatory. Under the active substance layer 110 there is an adsorbent layer 121 with the adsorbent 120, which can be formed from the materials already mentioned. To the outside, the object 101 is delimited from the surface 112 by the bottom layer 11, 13 in this bottom layer 11 for the reasons mentioned or in side areas of the object 101 (not shown in FIG. 13) for good water vapor and / or Ensure water permeability. This can be done as already described above. As is shown on the left side of FIG. 13, the adsorbent 120 can be contained in a carrier material 115 made of fibers 116 and / or threads 117 or there is the possibility, as shown on the right side of FIG. 13 is that the adsorbent 120 as a loose bed with or without a water vapor and / or water-permeable casing, for example a film 122, which comprises the loose fill, is attached in the object 101. As already stated, the carrier material 115 can be made, for example, as a woven fabric, knitted fabric, fleece or the like from natural and / or synthetic materials, for example cotton, polyester or the like. Of course, however, there is also the possibility that the adsorbent 120 is bound with the aid of a binding agent 123 (shown by hatching in the right part in FIG. 13), for example latex, whereby a firm cohesion can be ensured.

14 shows the multilayer structure of a further embodiment variant of the object 101 with the following layer sequence: bottom layer 113, adsorbent layer 121 with adsorbent 120 in the carrier material 115, active ingredient layer 110, barrier layer 124, soft layer 125, cover layer 109, protective layer 126. The protective layer 126 here, as in all other design variants, can be made in one or more layers and can be formed from the materials already mentioned, for example lacquer, with or without pigments, UV and / or IR filters, care substances for the cover layer 109. The reasons for applying the protective layer and its mode of action have already been described in detail elsewhere. Of course, the cover layer 109 can also be formed as a protective layer 126.

In this exemplary embodiment, the soft layer 125 can also be formed in one piece, for example from synthetic and / or natural materials such as polyurethane foams, natural foams (shown on the left in FIG. 14) or as a composite material (shown on the right in FIG. 14). The composite material can be made from

Recycled materials, such as foam flakes 127, fibers 116 and / or threads 117, in particular made of leather or leather-like materials, the cohesion of this composite material being achieved using the customary, state-of-the-art methods, such as thermal fixing, pressing with or without binders. can be put. Of course, it is also possible that a one-piece or multi-piece soft layer 125, which consists only of primary materials or a combination of primary and recycling materials, can be used. With a soft layer 125 designed in this way, it is advantageously achieved that waste or recycling materials that are otherwise to be disposed of can be put to a meaningful use, so that not only a cost saving in relation to the production costs, but also a protection of the environment, in particular of the primary resources, is possible. The barrier layer 124 is expediently applied between the soft layer 125 and the active substance layer 110, as a result of which penetration of aggressive media, for example hydrochloric acid sweat in connection with bacteria and / or fungi, into the soft layer 125 or layers above it and effectively prevents these layers from occurring Rotting are protected. As already mentioned, the barrier layer 124 should be made water-vapor and / or water-impermeable, non-biodegradable and can be formed, for example, from a film with the properties mentioned.

The active substance layer 110 again consists of at least one antibacterial active substance, it being advantageous if this active substance also has fungistatic properties, so that the activities of penetrating fungi can be counteracted effectively. It is of course also possible that, in addition to the active ingredients mentioned, other active ingredients, such as fragrances, in the

Active ingredient layer 110 are contained, but the latter, in particular the fragrances, can be contained in any suitable layer of an object 101 according to the invention. For example, it is possible to provide the soft layer 125 with fragrances, so that the object 101 is exposed to the outside through the cover layer 109 and the optional protective layer 126 for a wearer of the

Item 101 pleasant aroma, possibly even with healing properties, exudes. The spatial separation of antibacterial agents / fragrances is advantageously achieved in that the unpleasant odors caused by the activity of microorganisms, which penetrate the object from the skin of the wearer of the object 101, for example via the bottom layer 113, or the development of such odors is prevented by the antibacterial agent and that the object 101, as already mentioned, exudes a pleasant aroma towards the surface 1 12. In this regard, it is of course also possible, when using materials different from leather, for example the formation of the cover layer 109 in the form of plastic, through a special embossing of the plastic and through the use of a fragrance with a leather-like aroma to give the impression of an object 101 made of leather to let. This is particularly desirable when the item 101 is used as a watch strap 105 for cheap watches.

The formation and arrangement of the adsorbent layer 121 or of the adsorbent 120 contained therein in connection with the carrier material 115 and the bottom layer 113 has already been discussed in detail based on the description of the preceding figures.

The individual layers of the object 101 shown in FIG. 14 can either be connected to one another by thermal fixation, as shown, but of course there is also the possibility of using any other suitable connection technique, such as gluing. The layers of the object 101 can of course also be connected to one another via the aforementioned releasable connection methods, for example Velcro fasteners, push buttons, so that the exchange and regeneration of individual or several layers are carried out and the object 101 individually by offering the individual layers separately A customer's wishes can be adapted. For this purpose, all layers can, but need not, be releasably connected to one another; rather, it is possible to offer individual, firmly connected layer packages in retail.

At this point it should be mentioned again that due to the diverse combination possibilities of the individual layers, in particular the cover layer 109, the active substance layer 110, the storage layer 114, the adsorbent layer 121, the barrier layer 124, the soft layer 125, the protective layer 126, a description of all of them possible arrangements is not possible. This applies in particular to the use of a wide variety of materials for the individual layers as well as to the individual connection techniques such as gluing, heat-setting, Velcro fasteners or the like and the use of these connection techniques between one or more of the layers. However, this does not mean that embodiments other than those shown are not included in the scope of protection.

The possibility of additionally introducing fragrances, which release their aroma, for example by heating the object 1, 101, in the form of a further layer or in individual or several layers or regions of layers exists, of course, in all of the design variants. This has the advantage that not only is there no noticeable odor nuisance from the object according to the invention, but rather that a pleasant atmosphere can be achieved. As already mentioned, such fragrances can consist, for example, of individual or mixtures of essential oils. This would also make it possible, for example, to introduce fragrances with a calming effect, so that consequential effects of a stress load which may occur on a wearer of a counterpart according to the invention - -.0 -

To be tempered.

These fragrances are preferably applied in or on the cover layer 9, 109, since there they can develop their effect most quickly. However, they can also be provided at any point on the object 1, 101. It is advantageous here if the fragrances are placed in areas between the barrier layer 25, 124 and the cover layer 9, 109, since any problems that may arise as a result of adsorption on or in the adsorber particles can be avoided without additional design effort. However, semipermeable membranes that prevent the penetration of

Prevent fragrance molecules due to their size, but on the other hand allow the passage of the much smaller water molecules.

As already mentioned, the antibacterial agent is essentially limited to one or two layers. Of course, all layers or parts of layers can be provided with this antibacterial active ingredient, in particular also the absorbent fibers 21, 16 and / or threads 22, 17.

The side areas of an object according to the invention can, as shown in individual figures, be listed, but of course any other embodiment, such as angular shapes, is also possible.

The deposition of dust particles, which can be glued with sweat, also poses a problem for sheet-like objects 1, 101 made of metal. Especially in the case of link watch bracelets, the cleaning of the spaces between the individual is

It is almost impossible to structure it without much effort. For this reason, many wristwatch wearers refrain from regular cleaning, so that the bracelet quickly becomes unsightly and odor nuisances cannot be excluded. In this case too, with the solution of the object according to the invention, it is possible to apply a plurality of absorbent layers between the individual members or in existing cavities, one of which is designed as an adsorption layer. In the event that the bottom layer is also made of metal, several fine holes can be made so that the water vapor or water permeability is guaranteed. To avoid allergic reactions, it is again expedient here to load the bacteriocide onto one or more of the layers inserted into the metal watch straps, in particular the adsorbent 12, 120. An article according to the invention can be produced in a two-part form, in which the possibly coated cover layer 109 is placed, on which the individual layers, in particular the layers described in the foregoing, are applied for the desired structure, the mold is closed and the article 1, 101 is shaped and solidified under the influence of pressure and / or temperature. To simplify this process, individual components of the object 1, 101 can of course be prefabricated. For example, the adsorbent layer 23, 121 can be glued to the bottom layer 10, 113 beforehand.

Of course, it is also possible to prefabricate the object 1, 101 in a modular construction with detachable connecting elements such as Velcro fasteners individually, in accordance with customer requirements, or to offer the individual modules separately in the trade. In addition to individualization, this has the advantage that individual parts that are subject to faster wear can be exchanged in a simple manner without the entire object having to be discarded.

The addition of the active ingredients, for example the bacteriocide, the fragrance, can either be done by coating and / or soaking the layers to be coated and / or soaking layers or parts of layers directly after the latter has been introduced in the mold, or in advance by using the state of the art Technology known coating or spraying processes. This makes it possible to apply the active substances to large-area material webs, so that subsequently the sizes required for the object 1, 101 can be cut out of these webs, for example by punching, and these semi-finished products can be fed for further processing.

Especially when leather is used for one of the layers of the article 1, 101, the active ingredients can advantageously be added to the tanning substances, thereby reducing the production time by at least one working step.

FIG. 15 shows a further embodiment variant of the object 101 according to the invention as a detail, cut in a front view and a simplified schematic illustration.

The object 101 in turn preferably comprises the outer cover layer 109, which can be embodied, for example, as the upper leather of a watch strap, and the bottom layer 1 13 distanced from this, which of course in turn is in - Zo -

their end regions and / or can be connected to the cover layer 109 over the entire area, for example.

One or more further layers are preferably arranged between the top layer 109 and the bottom layer 113. The layer 11 can be applied to the bottom layer 113 in the direction of the cover layer 109 and preferably connected to it. For example, these two layers can be connected to one another by means of an adhesive layer 26, or it is also possible not to apply the adhesive layer 26 over the entire area but, for example, punctiform at the intersection of an imaginary grid or stripe-shaped. Advantageously, however, the amount of adhesive is measured so that a firm cohesion between the layer 11 and the bottom layer 1 13 can be ensured.

A reinforcement layer 128, which can be formed, for example, as a nonwoven, can also be arranged above the layer 11 in the direction of the cover layer 109 and preferably connected to the adjacent layers of the object 101, for example by means of adhesive points or adhesive layers 26, 27. With With the aid of this reinforcing layer 128, it is possible to distribute forces acting on the object 101, for example tensile forces, in such a way that the defect-free object 101 is not destroyed under normal conditions of use.

A further shaping layer 129 can be arranged between this reinforcing layer 128 and the cover layer 109, in particular connected to it. With the help of this shaping layer 129, it is possible, for example, to produce a surface structuring of the cover layer 109 in order to give the object 101 an individual look. This shaping layer 129 can be produced, for example, from reusable pieces of residual leather that are produced, for example, during the production of the article 101. It is thus possible to fiber these remaining pieces in special devices, for example corresponding mills, so that in the end there are more or less individual leather fibers which are pressed together with or without binding agent in corresponding shaping tools, so that a more or less stable blank for the shaping layer 129 arises. With a corresponding design of the cover layer 109, it is possible that the structure of the shaping layer 129 is transferred through this cover layer 109.

As further shown in dash-dotted lines in FIG. 15, a barrier layer 124 can be placed anywhere between the top layer 109 and the bottom layer 113 - y -

be arranged. With the help of this barrier layer 124, it should be prevented that moisture penetrating into the layer structure from the outside via the base layer 113 does not penetrate into the area of the cover layer 109. The barrier layer 124 can preferably be arranged after the layer 11 with respect to the direction of the cover layer 109.

Although only the last-mentioned layers have been described for the object 101 according to FIG. 15, it is of course possible to arrange further layers in accordance with the objects 1, 101 according to the invention from the preceding figures or the corresponding description.

As FIG. 15 shows, the bottom layer 1 13 preferably has outlets 130. These outlets 130 can be holes, for example, which have been produced by punching. However, any shape for these outlets 130 as well as any suitable manufacturing process are conceivable. For example, it is also possible to produce these outlets 130 by needling the bottom layer 113 or processing this bottom layer 113 with, for example, a corresponding knobbed roller or the like. Of course, with a corresponding design, only a single outlet 130 can be provided.

Through these outlets 130, which can be distributed in any shape over the surface or the volume of the bottom layer 113, it can be achieved in an advantageous manner that the moisture, for example sweat from a carrier of the object 101 according to the invention, into the layer 11, which in turn can have an adsorbent 12, for example activated carbon. As already described, the layer 11 can in turn be designed as a fleece in which the adsorbent 12 is incorporated in a distributed manner. For faster moisture absorption, as shown in FIG. 15, the layer 11 can be guided through these outlets 130 in the direction of the surface of the bottom layer 113 facing away from the cover layer 109. For example, it is possible to press the layer 11, in particular the said fleece, through these outlets 130 by appropriate methods. It is advantageous if the layer 11 closes with the last-mentioned surface of the bottom layer 113. However, it is of course also conceivable that layer 11 at these outlets 130 projects beyond said surface or that layer 11 ends in the interior of outlets 130.

Of course, it is also possible with the embodiment variant according to FIG. 15, the active substance layer at a suitable point in the object 101 or on its surfaces 110, for example an antibacterial active ingredient, or soak one or more of the layers of the object 101 with it.

Objects 1, 101 according to the invention, if they are made, for example, of leather, can in particular trigger skin irritations due to the manufacture, in particular the base layer 10, 113 facing the skin of a wearer of these objects 1, 101. Thus, leather, as a living material, is exposed to a number of chemicals during its preservation, which from the outset cannot be classified as harmless to the health of a wearer of such an object 1, 101. As an example of such chemicals, only the chromium salts well known from the tanning process may be mentioned here. If the object 1, 101 according to the invention is now worn, it is possible due to the sweat of the wearer through the skin, in particular also when exercising, that residual amounts of, for example, tanning chemicals are washed out of the object 1, 101 by this liquid and these chemicals can thus be added Cause skin irritation.

In order to overcome these problems, it is now possible to provide the object 1, 101 according to the invention with at least one further layer, in particular an anti-allergy layer or a layer which contains anti-allergies. It is preferred for the layer (s) or for at least part of it

Layer (s) uses a material that prevents the transfer of allergens and / or irritants from the object 1, 101 to the skin of the wearer. Such materials can for example be metals such as e.g. Aluminum, gold, silver, platinum, niobium, titanium or the like., Or, on the other hand, it is of course also possible to use other materials, such as ceramics, plastics or the like, separately or in connection with metals. In any case, however, it should be ensured that skin irritation is not triggered by the material used, and the choice of material can, in addition to the technical effect that is to be achieved, also depend on the optical design of the object 1, 101 or the target group of users of the object 1, 101 and of course also according to the respective manufacturing or sales prices.

The arrangement of such an additional layer, which prevents skin irritation, in the object 1, 101 according to the invention can depend on the respective other equipment or the layer structure of this object 1, 101. So it is of course possible to use these objects 1, 101 for groups of people who do not react to an increased degree to said irritants or allergens, only with one to equip such a layer. In this case, there is the possibility that the layer is arranged directly on an outer surface of the object 1, 101, the surface which preferably faces the wearer's skin being provided with it. However, if the object is additionally equipped with adsorbents and / or other active substances, such as antibacterial active substances, the arrangement of this layer will depend on the structure of the object 1, 101. For example, in order not to impair the effect of the adsorbent, it is possible to arrange said layer in the interior of the object 1, 101, preferably in areas which lie between the adsorbent layer and the cover layer 9, 109, so that, for example, tanning salts are transferred the cover layer 9, 109 or layers below it on the skin of the carrier or a transfer of liquid from the adsorbent into layers above it can be prevented. Of course, with such an arrangement there is also the possibility that if the object 1, 101, as in the case of FIG. 15, is designed with outlets 130, at least one layer preventing skin irritation on the outwardly facing surface of the bottom layer 10, 113 is applied in the areas around the outlets 130.

The arrangement of this layer or layers preventing the transfer of allergens in or on the object 1, 101 can also achieve the effect that it is possible to reinforce the object 1, 101. Through the possible absorption of mechanical forces, such as tensile forces, frictional forces, etc., the abrasion resistance of the object 1, 101 and / or the structure of the object 1, 101 can be simplified.

In the context of the invention it can be provided that an adhesion promoter is provided between the layer which is intended to prevent the transfer of allergens and the remaining layers of the object 1, 101. A synthetic resin layer, e.g. a baked paint layer may be provided. As a result, it is additionally possible to largely close or even out any pores or unevenness present in the object 1, 101, so that a practically complete coating can take place. It is also possible, however, to give a signal for the destruction or wear of the latter layer by coloring this adhesion promoter layer in a color which contrasts with the layer preventing the transfer of allergens.

Although so far it has only been assumed that said anti-allergy layer as compact layer, there is of course also the possibility of executing this anti-allergy layer in the form of particles, for example metal particles, which are mixed with a suitable binder to produce a firm bond. Care should again be taken to ensure that the material for this binder does not itself cause skin irritation. For example, various synthetic resins can be used as binders. The amount of particles which is to be used for this anti-allergy layer (s) depends on the respective intended use or the target group of the articles 1, 101. The volume fraction of particles in the article 1, 101 or the anti-allergy layer for people can be , which are susceptible to such skin irritation, are larger than for

People who show a low susceptibility to allergies to said chemicals under normal conditions. The particles can in turn be designed as metal particles, ceramic particles, etc., whereby aluminum, silver, gold, platinum, titanium, niobium or the like can be used for metal particles. However, there is also the possibility of introducing antiallergens in the form of salts, etc. into the object 1, 101 or the layer which absorbs the antiallergens.

Of course, there is also the possibility that the particles for the anti-allergy layer are not bound to the anti-allergy layer with a separate binder, but are connected to one another by, for example, applying increased pressure in such a way that a relatively high stability can be achieved. Such pressure-bound layers can be used, for example, in the interior of the object 1, 101.

Said anti-allergy layer can be both flat and uneven. Of

The advantage of the latter is that e.g. by corresponding unevenness of this anti-allergy layer, a full-surface contact of the object 1, 101 on the skin of the wearer is avoided and the contact area can thus be reduced. On the other hand, however, it is also possible to give the object 1, 101 a corresponding external shape, which can be produced in a simple, stable manner in this way. Said pressed particles are also particularly suitable for the latter area of application, since in this case embossing tools do not have to be used for shaping, but the desired shape can already be specified with corresponding negative shapes.

When using anti-allergenic particles, which are connected, for example, with a suitable binder to form the anti-allergy layer, it is also possible to use the Choose the diameter of these particles so that they protrude above the surface of the anti-allergy layer. This in turn can achieve that, especially if these particles are incorporated into the layer closest to the skin of a wearer of this object, the object 1, 101 does not lie over the entire surface and the contact zone between the object 1, 101 and the support is thus reduced.

It should not be left unmentioned in this context that it is also possible to embed an amount of these particles corresponding to the intended use in any layer of the object 1,101. For example, also the possibility that such antiallergens are present in the layer containing the adsorbent 12, 120, as a result of which the structure of the object 1, 101 can be simplified due to the bifunctionality of this layer.

This anti-allergy layer can be applied in a variety of ways. For example, it is possible to apply the metal layer (s) to the respective carrier layer of the

Item 1, 101, for example the base layer 10, 1 13 and / or the layer 11 with the adsorbent 12, or electrochemical deposition processes such as cementation can also be used. For this purpose, the respective carrier layers for this anti-allergy layer can be equipped, for example, with appropriate reducing agents, so that cementation is possible. In the case of electrochemical deposition, it is possible to use the respective metal for the anti-allergy layer in the form of corresponding salts, for example in solution. Of course, other suitable application methods, such as, for example, coating processes, etc., are also possible and, on the other hand, it is possible not only to use metals for the anti-allergy layer, but also alloys and / or inorganic and / or organic compounds, e.g. of the respective metals are used.

Another possibility of arranging such layers on or in the article 1, 101 according to the invention is, for example in the case of leather materials, to take corresponding precautions for this antiallergy layer for the article 1, 101 already during the tanning process, so that this either after tanning has taken place Antiallergy layer is already present on the respective carrier, for example the leather material, or is at least distributed in this in surface layers, the use of particles being advantageous in the latter case.

In addition to said materials for this anti-allergy layer, there is also the possibility of ability to use so-called reactive materials for these anti-allergy layers. Reactive materials are understood to mean materials which can form a stable connection with the allergy-causing chemicals, for example the chromium salts, which subsequently no longer cause skin irritation. In this way it is possible with simple means, for example to provide leather materials for the object 1, 101 with these reactive materials in an impregnation process. The reactive materials can be designed so that they only develop their effect when they come into contact with liquid, for example sweat.

At this point it should be mentioned again that it is of course possible to use the latter embodiment, i.e. to combine said antiallergy layer or the layer containing antiallergens with the embodiments of the preceding FIGS. 1 to 15 in accordance with the associated descriptions, in particular also with individual layers, or to adapt the respective layer structure of the object 1, 101 to the respective application.

The anti-allergy layer preferably has a thickness or the particles used for it have a size of 150 μm to 650 μm. In particular, the values are between 200 μm and 350 μm. With an aluminum coating, e.g. a thickness of 260 μm has been found to be suitable. As already mentioned, the particle diameter can, however, also be chosen such that the particles at least partially protrude beyond the surface (s) of the layer containing these particles.

Finally, it should be pointed out that in the exemplary embodiments described above, individual parts have been disproportionately enlarged in order to avoid the

To improve understanding of the solution according to the invention. Furthermore, individual parts of the combinations of features of the individual exemplary embodiments described above can also form independent solutions according to the invention in conjunction with other individual features from other exemplary embodiments.

Above all, the individual in FIGS. 1, 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8th; 9; 10, 11; 12; 13; 14; 15 shown embodiments form the subject of independent, inventive solutions. The tasks and solutions according to the invention in this regard can be found in the detailed descriptions of these figures. List of reference symbols

Item 101 Item

Item 102 Item

Eyelet part 103 eyelet part

Band part 104 band part

Watch strap 105 watch strap

10 a.m.

Pen 107 pen

Loop 108 loop

Top layer 109 top layer

Bottom layer 110 layer of active ingredient

Layer 111 surface

Adsorbent 112 surface

Arrow 113 bottom layer

Activated carbon particles 114 storage layer

Binder 115 backing material

Foil 116 fiber

Fasteners 117 thread

Carrier material 118 binder

Surface 119 fasteners

Fleece 120 adsorbent

Fiber 121 adsorbent layer

Thread 122 foil

Adsorbent layer 123 binder

Surface 124 barrier layer

Barrier layer 125 soft layer

Adhesive layer 126 protective layer

Adhesive layer 127 foam flake

Layer 128 reinforcement layer

Fiber material 129 shaping layer

Binder 130 outlet foam flake foam layer fleece layer protective layer

Claims

Patent claims

1. Web-shaped, in particular multilayered, in particular watch strap, which is formed from one or more inorganic and / or organic materials, for example metal, plastic, leather, textile, ceramic, combinations thereof, or the like, characterized in that at least one the layers are designed to be water vapor and / or water permeable, and that this layer is provided with at least one adsorbent (12, 120) and / or that between this and a further layer, in particular the bottom and / or top layer (10, 113, 9 , 109) a layer of at least one adsorbent (12, 120) for gases, liquids or the like is arranged.

2. Web-shaped, in particular multilayered, in particular watch strap, which is formed from one or more inorganic and / or organic materials, for example metal, plastic, leather, textile, ceramic, combinations thereof, or the like, in particular according to claim 1, thereby characterized in that at least one layer and / or parts of at least one layer is soaked and / or coated with at least one antibacterial agent.

3. Article according to claim 1 and / or 2, characterized in that the adsorbent (12, 120) is of an inorganic nature, in particular activated carbon, silica gel, aluminum oxide A O, zeolite or the like.

4. Object according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that particles of any shape, in particular spherical, are used as the adsorbent (12, 120).

5. Object according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adsorbent (12, 120) as a loose bed in the object

(1, 2, 101, 102) is arranged.

6. Object according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adsorbent (12, 120) is arranged interchangeably and / or regeneratively.

7. Object according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adsorbent (12, 120) is surrounded by a water vapor and / or water permeable cover, in particular a film (16, 122).

8. An article according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that an isothiazolinone derivative and / or a thiazole derivative and / or nonoxinol-9 and / or a combination of different active ingredients, e.g. Propylene glycol with a copper complex is used.

9. Object according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the antibacterial active ingredient acts against gram-positive and / or gram-negative bacteria.

10. Object according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pH of the antibacterial active ingredient or a solution prepared therefrom is in the range between 6.0 and 9.0, preferably between 7.0 and 8.0 .

11. Object according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the proportion of the antibacterial active ingredient in

Item (1, 2, 101, 102) is between 0.5% and 5.0%, preferably 1.0% to 2.0%, based on the dry weight of the item (1, 2, 101, 102).

12. An article according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the parts of the article (1, 2, 101, 102) equipped with at least one antibacterial active ingredient have good skin tolerance in accordance with OECD Test 406.

13. Object according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the biodegradability of the antibacterial

Active ingredient is between 40% and 100%.

14. Object according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the object (1, 2, 101, 102) or parts of the object (1, 2, 101, 102) is or are equipped with a fungiostatic active ingredient and / or the antibacterial agent also has a fungiostatic activity against yeasts and fungi.

15. Object according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surface of the object facing the skin of a wearer of this object, in particular the surface of a base layer (10, 1 13) facing the skin of a wearer, soaked with at least one antibacterial active ingredient and / or is coated.

16. Article according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adsorbent (12, 120) is loaded with at least one antibacterial active ingredient.

17. Article according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the amount used for the article (1, 2, 101, 102) at least one antibacterial active ingredient and / or at least one adsorbent (12, 120) preferably to the average duration of use the item (1, 2, 101, 102) is coordinated.

18. Object according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one further layer is arranged between the bottom layer (10, 113) and the cover layer (9, 109).

19. The article according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least part of this further layer is designed as a carrier material (18, 1 15) for adsorbents and / or active ingredients.

20. Object according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adsorbent (12, 120) is contained in the carrier material (18, 1 15).

21. Object according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the carrier material (18, 115) made of a woven fabric, knitted fabric, fleece or the like. Of natural and / or synthetic fibers (21, 1 16) and / or Threads (22, 117), for example cotton, sheep wool, leather, cellulose, polyamide or the like.

22. Object according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the carrier material (18, 115) consists of loose fibers (21, 116) and / or threads (22, 1 17).

23. Object according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fibers (21, 116) and / or threads (22, 117) of the carrier material (18, 115) consist of polyester.

24. The article according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the basis weight of the polyester carrier material is between 60 g / m ² and 100 g / m ² , preferably 85 g / m ² .

25. Object according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tensile strength of the carrier material (18, 115) according to

DIN 53857 is greater than 200 N.

26. Object according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the basis weight of an adsorbent layer (23, 121) consisting of at least one adsorbent (12, 120) with at least one carrier material (18, 1 15), according to DIN 53884 between 200 g / m ² and 400 g / m ² , in particular 340 g / m ² , is.

27. Object according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the air permeability of the adsorbent layer (23, 121) according to DIN 53887 is greater than 600 l / m ² s, in particular 800 l / m ² s.

28. Object according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the carrier material (18, 115) or components of the carrier material (18, 115) is or are coated with and / or soaked with at least one antibacterial active ingredient.

29. Object according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bottom layer (10, 1 13) is water vapor and / or water permeable.

30. Object according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the water vapor and / or water permeable layer consists of natural and / or synthetic material and in particular is formed from a woven, knitted, fleece, net or the like.

31. Object according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the water vapor and / or water permeable layer is impregnated with at least one antibacterial agent.

32. Object according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that between the bottom layer (10, 1 13) and the cover layer (9, 109) at least one further intermediate layer made of natural and / or synthetic materials, e.g. Cotton, cellulose, polyurethane, is attached, in particular in the form of nets, fabrics, knitted fabrics, nonwovens or the like.

33. Object according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the intermediate layer is formed from fibers (21, 116), threads (22, 1 17), flakes, for example made of foam, or the like.

34. Object according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that a soft layer for achieving a soft effect, in particular a layer of foam, is arranged between the bottom and the top layer (10, 113, 9, 109).

35. Object according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that this soft layer is formed from a plastic foam, for example from polyurethane and / or a natural product, for example a sponge.

36. Object according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one layer and / or parts of a layer made of at least one reinforcing material, such as e.g. Carbon, ceramics such as aluminum oxide AUO, glass such as SiO 2 metals, plastics, or the like, in particular in the form of fibers (21, 116) and / or threads (22, 117) and / or balls or the like is formed or are.

37. Object according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one barrier layer (25, 124) made of inorganic and / or organic materials, for example metals, polymer materials, in particular with a high barrier effect for water vapor and / or water, is arranged in the object .

38. Object according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the barrier layer (25, 124) is arranged between the intermediate layer and the adsorbent layer (23, 121).

39. An article according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the barrier layer (25, 124) preferably separates the parts of the article (1, 2, 101, 102) soaked with antibacterial active substances from the non-soaked parts.

40. Object according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that one or more layers or parts of layers, in particular the intermediate layer made of recycling materials, for example foam flakes (31, 127) made of polyurethane or the like and / or waste materials, for example Threads (22, 117) and / or fibers (21, 1 16) are formed from leather.

41. Object according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that one or more layers or parts of layers of waste materials and / or recycling materials and / or absorbent primary materials are formed, in particular from composite materials thereof.

42. Object according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the primary material consists of a fibrous material made of fibers, fibrils, protofibrils made of natural and / or plastic materials.

43. Object according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fibrous materials have a length between 5 μm and 10 mm, preferably between 0.1 mm and 3 mm.

44. Object according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fibrous materials have a fiber diameter between 0.0015 microns and 300 microns, preferably between 20 microns and 200 microns.

45. Article according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the composite material is solidified with a binder, for example a polyurethane dispersion, a polyacrylate dispersion with plasticizer, latex, natural rubber, or the like.

46. Object according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the proportion of binder in the composite material is between 10% and 60%.

47. Object according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the composite material is impregnated and / or coated with at least one antibacterial active ingredient.

48. Object according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bottom and / or the top layer (10, 113, 9, 109) are made of the composite material.

49. Object according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cover layer (9, 109) consists of leather.

50. Object according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that an at least single-layer protective layer (34, 126) is arranged over the cover layer (9, 109).

51. Object according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the protective layer (34, 126) or individual layers of the

Protective layer (34, 126) consists of a care agent for the cover layer (9, 109), for example beeswax and / or a varnish.

52. Object according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that color pigments are added to the lacquer.

53. Object according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the protective layer (34, 126) or at least one layer of the protective layer (34, 126) is formed from a filter, for example a film, which has a high level from the electromagnetic spectrum Portion of UV and / or IR radiation absorbed.

54. Object according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cover layer (9, 109) is designed as a protective layer (34, 126).

55. Object according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that further active substances, for example fragrances such as essential oils, are arranged in areas of the object (1, 2, 101, 102).

56. An article according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that small amounts of the fragrance are caused by the heating caused by the contact of the article (1, 2, 101, 102) with the skin of a wearer of the article (1, 2 , 101, 102) volatilize and / or the aroma of the fragrance can be water-activated.

57. An article according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that a semipermeable membrane is arranged in the article (1, 2, 101, 102), which prevents direct contact between the adsorbent (12, 120) and the fragrance.

58. Object according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that non-contiguous material particles of a layer, in particular the adsorbent (12, 120) and / or the fibers (21, 116) and threads (22, 117) of the carrier material (18th , 115) and / or the intermediate layer are bound with a binder, for example an organic plastic resin.

59. Object according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the layers or individual layers of the object (1, 2, 101, 102), in particular the adsorbent layer (23, 121) and / or the intermediate layer and / or the Barrier layer (25, 124) with in particular the cover and / or adsorbent layer (9, 109, 23, 121) over a binder layer, for example an adhesive layer, are bonded together.

60. Object according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the layers or individual layers of the object (1, 2, 101, 102), in particular the adsorbent layer (23, 121) and / or the intermediate layer and / or the Barrier layer (25, 124), in particular with the cover and / or adsorbent layer (9, 109, 23, 121) without arranging a binder layer directly, for example are connected by thermal fixation.

61. Object according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the layers or individual layers of the object (1, 2, 101, 102) via fastening means (17, 1 19), for example Velcro fasteners, Push buttons or the like. Are releasably connected to one another.

62. Object according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the object (1, 2, 101, 102) is individualized as modules by elaborating the individual components.

63. An object according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that layers of the object (1, 2, 101, 102), in particular those provided with antibacterial active substances and / or the adsorbent layer (23, 121), are arranged interchangeably and / or regenerable are, for example by washing and / or heat treatment.

64. An article according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reprocessed parts of the article (1, 2, 101, 102) can be re-used with at least one antibacterial agent.

65. Object according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bottom layer (10, 1 13) has outlets (130).

66. Object according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outlets (130) have a height in relation to the top layer (109) - bottom layer (113) which corresponds to the thickness of the bottom layer (113).

67. Object according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the layer (1 1) extends into the outlets (130) and preferably ends with the externally visible surface of the bottom layer (113).

68. Object according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the layer (1 1) consists of a fleece with adsorbents, for example activated carbon particles 14, distributed therein.

69. Web-shaped, in particular multilayered object, in particular watch strap, which consists of one or more inorganic and / or organic

Materials, for example metal, plastic, leather, textile, ceramic, combinations thereof or the like. Is formed, in particular according to one or more of the preceding claims 1 to 68, characterized in that at least one layer of the object (1, 101) is designed as an anti-allergy layer or contains and / or is coated with at least one layer of anti-allergens and / or anti-irritants, for example in particle form.

70. Object according to claim 69, characterized in that the anti-allergy layer is bonded, in particular glued, to at least one further layer via an adhesion promoter.

71. Object according to claim 69 or 70, characterized in that the

Adhesion promoter is a synthetic resin, which is preferably colored in a color that contrasts with the color of the anti-allergy layer.

72. Object according to one or more of claims 69 to 71, characterized in that the anti-allergy layer is made of metal, e.g. Aluminum, silver, gold,

Platinum, niobium, titanium, alloys of metals, ceramics, bonded metal particles.

73. The object as claimed in one or more of claims 69 to 72, characterized in that the anti-allergy layer has a thickness or the metal particles have a size which is in the range between 150 μm to 650 μm, in particular 200 μm to 350 μm.

74. Object according to one or more of claims 69 to 73, characterized in that the anti-allergy and / or anti-irritant particles have an average particle diameter which is greater than the thickness of the layer which contains these anti-allergens and / or anti-irritants.

75. Object according to one or more of claims 69 to 74, characterized in that anti-allergy and / or anti-irritant particles protrude beyond the surface of the layer containing them, in particular beyond the uncovered surface of the bottom layer (10, 113).

76. Object according to one or more of claims 69 to 75, characterized in that the anti-allergy layer is part of another layer of the

Object (1, 101), in particular the bottom layer (10, 113) and / or cover layer (9, 109).

77. The article as claimed in one or more of claims 69 to 76, characterized in that the antiallergy layer is formed at least in part from at least one reactive component which forms a preferably stable, non-allergenic compound with allergens and / or irritants.

78. A process for producing a sheet-like, in particular multi-layered object, in particular according to one or more of claims 1 to 64, characterized in that the possibly coated cover layer is placed in a lower part of a two-part mold, so that the individual layers or Parts of the layers are applied, and that after the mold is closed by merging the lower and upper molds, the web-shaped, multilayered article is molded in one step by pressure and / or temperature.

79. The method according to claim 78, characterized in that individual layers are connected to one another, for example via adhesives, before loading the mold.

80. The method according to claim 78 and / or 79, characterized in that individual parts of the composite material are loaded with at least one antibacterial active ingredient before use in the latter.

81. The method according to one or more of claims 78 to 80, characterized in that the antibacterial active ingredient is added to the tanning agents.