WO1999019214A1 - Appareil de production d'aliments pour betail constitues d'une combinaison haute densite de foin sec et de produits d'ensilage (mi-fanes) - Google Patents

Appareil de production d'aliments pour betail constitues d'une combinaison haute densite de foin sec et de produits d'ensilage (mi-fanes) Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999019214A1
WO1999019214A1 PCT/US1998/021356 US9821356W WO9919214A1 WO 1999019214 A1 WO1999019214 A1 WO 1999019214A1 US 9821356 W US9821356 W US 9821356W WO 9919214 A1 WO9919214 A1 WO 9919214A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
livestock feed
blended
bag
silage
compression chamber
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1998/021356
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
John M. Gombos
Moshe Leashno
Original Assignee
A.C.X. Trading, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by A.C.X. Trading, Inc. filed Critical A.C.X. Trading, Inc.
Priority to AU97959/98A priority Critical patent/AU9795998A/en
Publication of WO1999019214A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999019214A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B1/00—Packaging fluent solid material, e.g. powders, granular or loose fibrous material, loose masses of small articles, in individual containers or receptacles, e.g. bags, sacks, boxes, cartons, cans, or jars
    • B65B1/20—Reducing volume of filled material
    • B65B1/24—Reducing volume of filled material by mechanical compression
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/60—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis
    • B01F27/72—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis with helices or sections of helices
    • B01F27/721—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis with helices or sections of helices with two or more helices in the same receptacle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/60—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis
    • B01F27/72—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis with helices or sections of helices
    • B01F27/726—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis with helices or sections of helices with two helices with opposite pitch on the same shaft; with two helices on the same axis, driven in opposite directions or at different speeds

Definitions

  • the present invention pertains to the formulation, packaging and shipping of high density livestock feeds and more particularly to an apparatus for packaging a high density livestock feed comprising fermented fodder for long distance shipping and handling with minimal spoilage.
  • livestock fodders have been packaged and stored in a number of different ways.
  • One of the most common is in the form of hay, in which the fodder is cut and sun dried, and then is typically baled.
  • Another common form of livestock feed is silage or haylage, in which feeds such as corn or alfalfa are cut, chopped and ensiled in a high moisture condition so as to ferment.
  • Another form of livestock feed is pellets or cubes of fodder that have been finely chopped and extruded ⁇ this form is preserved, stored and shipped in a dry state.
  • Each form of feed has its own advantages and disadvantages.
  • Double compressed baled hay typically weighs in the range of 20 to 30 pounds per cubic foot.
  • Dried hay has several drawbacks.
  • One drawback is that the curing process reduces the feed value of the hay, and the feed value continues to deteriorate gradually over time.
  • Another drawback is that dry hay is not as palatable, nor as digestible, as fresh hay. Pellets and cubes are not any better in this regard.
  • Livestock fodders have also commonly been stored in the form of silage, such as chopped corn or sorghum, or haylage, which is wet cut. For convenience, this type of feed will hereinafter be referred to collectively as silage, except where haylage is specified. The storage mechanism for silage is entirely different from that of dried hay.
  • the fodder is ensiled, that is, it is cut and packed tightly into a silo or storage pit, plastic bag or other sealable container, and is preserved by fermentation.
  • Silage-type feeds must be stored with a very high moisture content, over 40% and preferably around 60% water. Fermenting the chopped, wet fodder in an essentially air-free environment forms acids and alcohol which aid in preserving the silage.
  • Silage has several advantages over dry hay.
  • the silage method of preserving the feed maintains a very high proportion of the initial nutrient value of the feed.
  • the ensiled feed maintains a high nutrient content for a long period of time.
  • the silage is very palatable and very digestible by livestock. Because it is moist and tender, cattle can chew silage or haylage easily; the feed is very tasty; and it can be digested easily by cattle.
  • Silage-type fodders are, therefore, a very desirable livestock feed, particularly for dairy and feedlot herds.
  • Silage-type feeds suffer, however, from two main disadvantages.
  • One disadvantage is that, containing a very high percentage of water, such feeds are very heavy as well as bulky, and therefore uneconomical to transport over any significant distance.
  • the other main disadvantage is that silage can spoil within a matter of hours when exposed to the air.
  • Some livestock feeders have tried blending silage or haylage with dry hay to improve the quality of the feed. Because the silage can quickly spoil, however, such blending is generally done where the blended feed product is to be consumed.
  • no techniques have been known for packaging and preserving silage-type feeds for economical shipment.
  • AgBag Corporation has developed a system for ensiling livestock feed in an elongated plastic bag as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,424,051 ; 4,337,805; 4,310,036 and 4,308,901.
  • the AgBag system appears to be limited to use on the farm, due to the large size, bulk and weight of the silage-filled storage bags, and not economical for long distance shipping. Also, due to the large size and bulk of the filled silage bags, it appears that handling of such containers without damage would be difficult. Also, it is unlikely that unloading machinery capable of handling such packages would be available at foreign ports.
  • One embodiment of the invention is an apparatus for producing a livestock cargo unit comprising a blend of dry hay or other fodder and moist haylage or silage which are intimately mixed together and then highly compacted into a watertight bag.
  • the blended dry fodder and haylage/silage feed product is mixed in a ratio that produces a net moisture in the range of 15%- 40%, preferably within the range of 25%-30% and ideally at about 30% net moisture. This is approximately two and half times the moisture content of dry hay and about half of the usual moisture content of silage.
  • the ratio of components in the blended feed product is preferably 62% by weight of typical dry fodder, such as dry baled hay of about 12% moisture, and 38% by weight of haylage or silage having a typical moisture content of about 60%, but precise proportions can be varied to control the net moisture percentage of the blended feed product.
  • vitamins, minerals or other nutrients can be added to the blended dry fodder and haylage or silage.
  • the blended feed product is compressed into fixed volume units, which are packaged in durable airtight bags at a density of approximately 40 pounds per cubic foot. For ease of handling, a preferred size of bag is about 2.5 cubic feet, which contains about 100 pounds of blended feed product.
  • the filled bag is preferably airtight, and may be evacuated to remove as much oxygen as possible and thereby avoid oxidation of the feed.
  • any oxygen remaining in the bag at the time of closure can be displaced by flashing back with a suitable inert gas, such as CO 2 or N 2 , or a mixture of inert gases.
  • a gas permeable bag to contain the compressed blend of forage materials and to stack a plurality of the filled closed bags in a larger airtight shipping container. The entire container can also have the oxygen displaced therefrom by an inert gas.
  • dry fodder typically previously-baled hay, having a moisture content of about 8% up to about 15%
  • silage and/or haylage
  • a ratio proportioned to produce a net moisture content in the mixed feed product that is the range of 15%-40%, preferably about 30%.
  • the preferred proportions, for hay at 12% moisture and silage at 60% moisture, is 62% dry fodder to 38% silage.
  • the apparatus comprises a mixer having two inputs, one for dry hay and the other for silage or haylage.
  • the mixer is preferably a batch-type mixer having an output which discharges to a meter box that levels the flow of mixed feed product and relays the feed product to a compressing apparatus.
  • the mixer can include a scale for weighing the material as it is blended in the mixer.
  • the compressing apparatus can also include a scale. Controls responsive to these scales can be used to control the flow rate of material through the system, as well as the final weight of the bagged feed product.
  • the inputs to the mixer are preferably in the form of a pair of floor drag conveyor portions. One of these portions, that used for inputting haylage or silage, can include an extruder to reduce the moisture content of the input haylage or silage.
  • the invention solves a number of problems in the prior art. It provides a very palatable, digestible and nutritious blended feed product.
  • the haylage or silage moistens the dry fodder to make it more palatable and digestible, and contributes a high nutrient value to the blended product.
  • the dry fodder reduces the moisture content of the overall blend of feed product, and increases the overall net feed content on a per gross ton basis well above that provided by conventional haylage or silage. At 40 pounds per cubic foot and 30% moisture content, the total dry matter content per cubic foot rivals that of the dense, double compressed hay (typically 22 pounds per cubic foot and 12% moisture content), making it economical to ship as well as a more desirable feed product.
  • Packaging the blended feed product in a highly compacted condition, with a relatively high moisture content contributed by the silage, and little, if any, residual oxygen, minimizes oxidation and avoids spoilage and heating of the feed product.
  • An important advantage of the invention is that it retains a relatively long-fiber length in the feed product. In contrast, cubing dry hay reduces the fiber length of the hay to under 4 inches.
  • FIG. 1 is a top plan view of a system for blending, compacting and packaging dry hay and silage in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 2 is an elevation view taken along lines 2—2 in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3 A is a side elevation view of the mixer 22, with interior auger details shown in dashed lines;
  • FIG. 3B is an end elevation view of the mixer of FIG. 3 A, showing the axial arrangement of the augers in dashed lines;
  • FIG. 3C is a perspective view of the mixing chamber of FIG. 3 A;
  • FIG. 3D are side elevation views of the different augers shown in the mixer of FIGS. 3 A and 3B;
  • FIG. 4 is a side view of the compression apparatus and bagging station of the bagging apparatus;
  • FIG. 5 is a top plan view of the multi-station bagging apparatus.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show a preferred embodiment of a system 10 of apparatus for implementing the invention.
  • the system 10 comprises hay/silage infeed and mixing apparatus 12, compression apparatus 16, and bagging apparatus 174, together with interconnecting conveyors.
  • the mixing apparatus 12 comprises a mixer 20 having two input conveyors, a first conveyor 22 for infeeding dry hay and a second conveyor 24 for infeeding silage or haylage.
  • the second conveyor includes an extruder 26 for reducing the liquid content of the input silage before blending.
  • the input conveyors 22, 24 are conventional horizontal floor drag- type conveyors.
  • the illustrated mixer is a batch-type mixer supported on a scale 21 for weighing the input proportions of dry hay and silage as the mixer is filled.
  • the mixer can be a continuous-type mixer and the input proportions of dry hay and silage can be metered by metering apparatus associated with the input conveyors.
  • the preferred form of the mixer 20 is shown in FIGS. 3A-3D.
  • the mixer includes a mixing chamber 70, better seen in FIG. 3C, having an open top, inwardly tapered sidewalls 72, 74 and parallel endwalls 76, 78.
  • a drive housing 80 is mounted on one endwall.
  • Two upper augers 82, 84 and two lower augers 86, 88 are journaled in the opposite endwalls 76, 78.
  • the augers are driven by a drive assembly (not shown) in housing 80.
  • the upper augers 82, 84 are spaced along upper portions of sidewalls 72, 74, respectively, and the lower augers 86, 88 are spaced close together at the bottom of mixing chamber 70.
  • the augers are arranged as shown in FIG. 3D to accommodate the introduction of dry hay and silage from the infeed conveyors and to output mixed feed product from the discharge conveyor.
  • the mixer 20 has an output which discharges via a first transfer conveyor 28 to compression apparatus 16.
  • the transfer conveyor 28 is angled upward to discharge the blended feed product into a vertical compression chamber or chute 200 of compression apparatus 16.
  • FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of compression apparatus 16 which includes a vertically- oriented hydraulic compression ram 202.
  • Conveyor 28 feeds the blended feed product from the mixer 20 through an inlet 204 into the vertical chute 200 below ram 202.
  • the bagging apparatus 174 is positioned below the chute 202.
  • the bagging apparatus 174 operates on the principle of a carousel-type device. It can be oriented to operate on a vertical axis, as shown in FIG. 5, or can be rotated to operate on a horizontal axis to accommodate a horizontal discharge of the blocks of feed product.
  • the bagging apparatus includes a bag placing station A, a product receiving station B, and a vacuum pack and sealing station C.
  • a bag is placed on the rotating platform.
  • station B is positioned directly under a vertical chute 200, as shown in FIG.4, and bagging sleeves 184 position the bag directly under chute 202.
  • Blended feed product is fed into the chute 200 at inlet 204, filling the bag and partially filling the chute.
  • the upper edges of the bagging sleeves 184 are flush with the bottom edge of the vertical chute to prevent spillage of loose feed product.
  • the vertically-oriented compression ram 202 compresses the blended feed product into the bag.
  • the blended feed product is compacted in the range of from 1 V to 4 times its original volume.
  • the filled bag is then rotated to station C where it is sealed, and preferably evacuated.
  • the bagged feed product is released onto a conveyor 180 for movement to another location for containerization.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)

Abstract

Appareil destiné à préparer des aliments pour bétail adaptés au transport longues distances. Lesdits aliments sont obtenus par mélange de fourrage sec tel que du foin avec des produits d'ensilage fermentés tels que des produits ensilés mi-fanés dans une proportion telle que l'on obtient un produit mélangé dont la teneur nette en humidité se situe entre environ 15 % et environ 40 %. Ledit produit est comprimé dans un appareil de compression (16), puis hermétiquement emballé en vue du transport. De préférence, ledit produit mélangé est comprimé directement dans un sac hermétique situé au fond d'une chambre de compression (200) verticale d'un appareil de compression (16). Dans un mode de réalisation, le fourrage sec possède une teneur en humidité située entre environ 8 % et environ 15 % et le produit ensilé fermenté possède une teneur en humidité située entre environ 40 % et environ 70 %.
PCT/US1998/021356 1997-10-10 1998-10-09 Appareil de production d'aliments pour betail constitues d'une combinaison haute densite de foin sec et de produits d'ensilage (mi-fanes) WO1999019214A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU97959/98A AU9795998A (en) 1997-10-10 1998-10-09 High density combination dry hay and haylage/silage livestock feed-making apparatus

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US6347597P 1997-10-10 1997-10-10
US60/063,475 1997-10-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999019214A1 true WO1999019214A1 (fr) 1999-04-22

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PCT/US1998/021356 WO1999019214A1 (fr) 1997-10-10 1998-10-09 Appareil de production d'aliments pour betail constitues d'une combinaison haute densite de foin sec et de produits d'ensilage (mi-fanes)

Country Status (2)

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AU (1) AU9795998A (fr)
WO (1) WO1999019214A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CZ303198B6 (cs) * 2010-07-08 2012-05-23 Mendelova Univerzita V Brne Mikrosilážní nádoba a zpusob jejího plnení
US11529596B2 (en) * 2018-03-01 2022-12-20 Jay-Lor International Inc. Horizontal mixer with stacked augers

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4121399A (en) * 1977-06-21 1978-10-24 Emile Verville Method and apparatus for packaging compressible material into flexible-walled containers
US4572065A (en) * 1984-06-18 1986-02-25 Fishburne Francis B Method and apparatus for packing tobacco
US5074101A (en) * 1989-03-23 1991-12-24 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Process and apparatus for packaging and pressing loose fiber
US5459982A (en) * 1994-04-14 1995-10-24 Schuller International, Inc. Apparatus for densifying and packaging bulky materials
US5619842A (en) * 1995-12-22 1997-04-15 Brubaker; David Method and apparatus for storing baled pre-silage

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4121399A (en) * 1977-06-21 1978-10-24 Emile Verville Method and apparatus for packaging compressible material into flexible-walled containers
US4572065A (en) * 1984-06-18 1986-02-25 Fishburne Francis B Method and apparatus for packing tobacco
US5074101A (en) * 1989-03-23 1991-12-24 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Process and apparatus for packaging and pressing loose fiber
US5459982A (en) * 1994-04-14 1995-10-24 Schuller International, Inc. Apparatus for densifying and packaging bulky materials
US5619842A (en) * 1995-12-22 1997-04-15 Brubaker; David Method and apparatus for storing baled pre-silage

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CZ303198B6 (cs) * 2010-07-08 2012-05-23 Mendelova Univerzita V Brne Mikrosilážní nádoba a zpusob jejího plnení
US11529596B2 (en) * 2018-03-01 2022-12-20 Jay-Lor International Inc. Horizontal mixer with stacked augers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU9795998A (en) 1999-05-03

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