WO1999014884A2 - Circuit and method for forward error correction in a digital synchronous hierarchical system - Google Patents
Circuit and method for forward error correction in a digital synchronous hierarchical system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999014884A2 WO1999014884A2 PCT/DE1998/002743 DE9802743W WO9914884A2 WO 1999014884 A2 WO1999014884 A2 WO 1999014884A2 DE 9802743 W DE9802743 W DE 9802743W WO 9914884 A2 WO9914884 A2 WO 9914884A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- unit
- error correction
- forward error
- trn
- transport frame
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 title description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 101100458361 Drosophila melanogaster SmydA-8 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 102100040496 Collagen alpha-2(VIII) chain Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 101000749886 Homo sapiens Collagen alpha-2(VIII) chain Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 102100040791 Zona pellucida-binding protein 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710174294 Zona pellucida-binding protein 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008521 reorganization Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
- H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
- H04L1/0057—Block codes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M13/00—Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
- H03M13/03—Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words
- H03M13/05—Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
- H04J3/02—Details
- H04J3/14—Monitoring arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
- H04L1/0041—Arrangements at the transmitter end
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J2203/00—Aspects of optical multiplex systems other than those covered by H04J14/05 and H04J14/07
- H04J2203/0001—Provisions for broadband connections in integrated services digital network using frames of the Optical Transport Network [OTN] or using synchronous transfer mode [STM], e.g. SONET, SDH
- H04J2203/0089—Multiplexing, e.g. coding, scrambling, SONET
Definitions
- SONET synchronous optical network
- SDH synchronous digital hierarchy
- the data transfer rate starts with 51 Mbit / s
- the data transfer rate starts with 155 Mbit / s.
- the data transfer rate can be increased many times over in both networks. Even with high data transmission rates, network operators are required to have low bit error rates.
- a low bit rate has so far been achieved through high-quality optical components and short transmission distances.
- An increase in the transmission quality and thus a reduction in the bit error rate can be possible through optimization processes in the receiving units after a transmission link or through a forward error correction.
- the invention is based on the object of specifying a circuit arrangement and a method for forward error correction.
- the invention has the advantage that a reduction in the bit error rate to 10 "15 with a simultaneous Enlargement of the transmission sections between necessary amplifier sections is achieved.
- the invention has the further advantage that errors can be corrected at any point on a transport frame, that is, even under the parity bits.
- the invention has the further advantage that bundle errors can be corrected for bit rates from 622 Mbit / s.
- the invention also has the further advantage that there is only a minimal computer-related delay due to the forward error correction when the data to be transmitted are transported onward.
- FIG. 1 shows a section of a transport system with integration of a forward error correction
- FIG. 1 shows an integration of parallel
- FIG. 3 shows a division of a transport frame into a section overhead area and a payload area
- FIG. 4 shows an assignment and assignment of parity bits
- FIG. 1 shows a section of a synchronous transport system with the integration of a forward error correction encoder unit FECC, a forward error correction decoder unit. unit FECD with associated units.
- Prerequisite for forward error correction in a receiver unit En with the forward error correction decoder unit FECD is data processing by the forward error correction encoder unit FECC in a transmitter Sn.
- Error correction blocks FBn are formed in the forward error correction coder unit FECC by a block formation unit BSE.
- the test information which can be parity bits, for example, is generated in accordance with a calculation procedure.
- the data sequence with the attached parity bits has the property of being an integer multiple of a certain number, the so-called generator polynomial.
- a modulo division with the same generator polynomial is carried out in the receiver unit En, a transmission error having occurred in the transmitted data in the case of a resultant remainder. If the generator polynomial is selected appropriately, the value of the remainder of the division provides clear information about the position of the error in the transmitted data.
- the essential units of the transmission unit Sn shown in FIG. 1 are a first and second insertion unit E1B2, E2B1 arranged in series for inserting Bl and B2 bytes into a transport frame TRn, the Bl, B2 bytes are inserted in a transport frame TRn + 1 following the transport frame TRn, the forward error correction coder unit FECC with the block formation unit BSE for forming error correction blocks FBn in a transport frame TRn, a first one
- the following units are arranged in the receiver En: a physical second interface unit ESPI for receiving, for example, optically transmitted data, a frame synchronization unit RS for frame synchronization, a deinterleaving unit DIL for deinterleaving the data stream, a second checking unit UE2B1 for checking the BL byte, a descrambler unit DESCR, a previous error correction decoder unit FECD for correcting individual errors incl. Parity bits and B1, B2 bytes within error correction blocks FB1, ..., FB9 of a transport frame TRn and a further checking unit UE, which consists of a scrambler unit SCRUE and a third checking unit UE3B1.
- the result of the second and third checking units UE2B1, UE3B1 is forwarded to a system management SM, not shown here.
- the forward error correction decoder unit FECD is followed by a second multiplex unit MSTB for checking the B2 byte and for multiplexing the data.
- the modified B2 bytes which belong to a transport frame TRn are inserted into a subsequent transport frame TRn + 1 by the first insertion unit E1B2.
- error correction blocks FBn are determined by the block formation unit BSE for the transport frame TRn, the associated parity bits are calculated and in the
- Section overhead SOH of the transport frame TRn stored.
- the B2 byte is then checked for the transport frame TRn in the first checking unit UE1B2 and inserted in the following transport frame TRn + 1.
- the data of the transport frame TRn are overlaid in the scrambler unit SCR with a pseudo-random data sequence.
- the B1 byte is then formed in the formation unit BB1 and then inserted in the second transport unit E2B1 in the subsequent transport frame TRn + 1.
- a large number of transmitting units S1, ..., Sn must be arranged in parallel.
- these are converted into a serial data stream by multiplexers in the interleaving unit INTL.
- the physical first interface SPI adapts the serial data stream to the physical requirements of a transmission line S or a transmission channel.
- the transmitted data are converted into a serial data stream in the receiver En. Due to loss of quality and interference on the transmission link S, the data received may differ from the data on the transmission side.
- a frame synchronization unit RS for frame synchronization enables reorganization and implementation of the data stream in the transport frame TRn.
- the deinterleaving unit DIL converts the data stream into a data stream that is several bits wide. Bit errors of the B1 byte are determined for each transport frame TRn by a first checking unit UEB1 and passed on to the system management SM. In the descrambler unit DESCR, the bit pseudo-random sequence superimposed on the data in the transmitting unit Sn is removed again. The data is then forwarded to the forward error correction decoder unit FECD.
- Any bit errors are recognized and corrected in the forward error correction decoder unit FECD by the procedure described at the beginning. Errors at any point on the transport frame TRn can be recognized.
- the data corrected in the transport frame TRn are subjected to a renewed BL check in the unit UE.
- the data is in the unit UE after a further scrambler unit SCRUE fed to a third checking unit UE3B1.
- the outgoing data (DB) are forwarded to the second multiplexer MSTB.
- FIG. 2 shows a parallel connection of a plurality of forward error correction encoder units FECC1, ..., FECCn and forward error correction decoder units FECD1, ..., FECDn with the associated scambler units SRC1, ..., SRCn on the transmission side and the descrambler units DESCR1,. .., DESCRn on the reception side.
- the parallel connection of transmitter units Sn can be understood at least logically as bit-wise demultiplexing.
- the data stream within a transmission unit Sn is clocked at 155 MHz.
- FIG. 3 shows the division of a transport frame TRn. As already described at the beginning, the
- Transport frame TRn which is divided into rows Zn and columns Spn, divided into the section overhead SOH and the payload area PL.
- section overhead SOH certain line sections are by definition reserved for an extended operating, administration and maintenance area.
- section overhead SOH in addition to fixed, pre-assigned storage spaces, areas for an operator are also free Reserved. These areas are indicated in FIG. 3 with hatched or brightly marked areas.
- the section overhead SOH extends from column Spl to column Sp72.
- the data to be transmitted are stored in the transport frame TRn in the area from column Sp73 to column Sp2160.
- the transport frame TRn is divided into nine lines ZI, ..., Z9.
- Check information in particular the parity bits PBn, are temporarily stored.
- the parity information requires 12 bits per error correction block FBn.
- FIG. 4 shows the division of a transport frame TRn into rows ZI, ..., Z9 and columns Spl, ..., Sp2160.
- line sections are combined to form error correction blocks FBI, ..., FB9.
- the error correction block FB2, FB5, FB6, FB7 and FB8 each extend from column Sp73 of a row Zn to column Sp72 of a subsequent row Zn + 1.
- the parity bits PBn for the error correction blocks FB2, FB5, FB ⁇ , FB7 and FB8 are each arranged at the end of the block of column Sp61 and column Sp72 of the error correction block FB2, FB5, FB ⁇ , FB7 and FB8.
- the error correction block FBI extends from row ZI, column SP62 to the subsequent row Z2, column Sp72.
- the error correction block FBI is interrupted in line Z2 from column SP37 to Sp49. This area is assigned to the error correction block FB9.
- the part bits PB9 of the error correction block FB9 are stored in it.
- the parity bits Pbl of the error correction block FBI are arranged in row Z2 from column Sp61 to column Sp72.
- the division of the error correction block FB4 corresponds to that of the error correction block FBI.
- the error correction block FB4 is arranged in lines Z4 and Z5.
- the parity bits PB3 of the error correction block FB3 are arranged in row Z5 from columns Sp38 and Sp49.
- the error correction block division of the error correction block FB9 has the same division scheme as the error correction block FB3.
- the error correction block FB9 begins in row Z9, column Sp73 and continues in row ZI, column Sp60 and in row Z2, column Sp37 to column Sp49.
- the parity bits PB9 for the error correction block FB9 are stored in row Z2 from column Sp37 to column Sp49.
- transport frame TRn is divided into error correction blocks FBI, ..., FB9, for example with a max.
- Two arithmetic units which can be implemented with little effort, are used to calculate block-by-block parity bits PB1, ..., PB9.
- the same computing effort on the receiving side enables fast and reliable localization and correction of errors in the transport frame TRn.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Probability & Statistics with Applications (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Detection And Prevention Of Errors In Transmission (AREA)
- Error Detection And Correction (AREA)
- Time-Division Multiplex Systems (AREA)
- Techniques For Improving Reliability Of Storages (AREA)
- Detection And Correction Of Errors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002304249A CA2304249A1 (en) | 1997-09-17 | 1998-09-16 | Circuit arrangement and method for forward error correction |
JP2000512306A JP2001517019A (en) | 1997-09-17 | 1998-09-16 | Forward forward error correction circuit device and method |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE1997140935 DE19740935A1 (en) | 1997-09-17 | 1997-09-17 | Circuitry and method for forward error correction |
DE19740935.0 | 1997-09-17 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1999014884A2 true WO1999014884A2 (en) | 1999-03-25 |
WO1999014884A3 WO1999014884A3 (en) | 1999-06-17 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE1998/002743 WO1999014884A2 (en) | 1997-09-17 | 1998-09-16 | Circuit and method for forward error correction in a digital synchronous hierarchical system |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP2001517019A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2304249A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE19740935A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1999014884A2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0984575A2 (en) * | 1998-08-31 | 2000-03-08 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Forward error correction for high speed optical transmission systems |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102008004728A1 (en) | 2008-01-16 | 2009-07-23 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Phosphated steel sheet and method for producing such a sheet |
-
1997
- 1997-09-17 DE DE1997140935 patent/DE19740935A1/en not_active Ceased
-
1998
- 1998-09-16 JP JP2000512306A patent/JP2001517019A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-09-16 CA CA002304249A patent/CA2304249A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-09-16 WO PCT/DE1998/002743 patent/WO1999014884A2/en active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (4)
Title |
---|
GROVER W D ET AL: "DESIGN AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AN ERROR-CORRECTING CODE FOR THE SONET STS-1 TRIBUTARY" IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS, Bd. 38, Nr. 4, 1. April 1990, Seiten 467-476, XP000136588 * |
PAXAL V ET AL: "ERROR-CORRECTION CODING FOR HIGH-SPEED OPTICAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS BASED ON THE SYNCHRONOUS DIGITAL HIERARCHY" EUROPEAN TRANSACTIONS ON TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND RELATED TECHNOLOGIES, Bd. 4, Nr. 6, 1. November 1993, Seiten 623-628, XP000433719 * |
SEOK CHANG KIM ET AL: "PARALLEL SHIFT REGISTER GENERATORS: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS TO PARALLEL SCRAMBLING IN MULTIBIT-INTERLEAVED MULTIPLEXING ENVIRONMENTS" IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS, Bd. 43, Nr. 2/04, PART 03, 1. Februar 1995, Seiten 1844-1853, XP000505657 * |
TOMIZAWA M ET AL: "FORWARD ERROR CORRECTING CODES IN SYNCHRONOUS FIBER OPTIC TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS" JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY, Bd. 15, Nr. 1, Januar 1997, Seiten 43-51, XP000642276 * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0984575A2 (en) * | 1998-08-31 | 2000-03-08 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Forward error correction for high speed optical transmission systems |
EP0984575A3 (en) * | 1998-08-31 | 2004-10-06 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Forward error correction for high speed optical transmission systems |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE19740935A1 (en) | 1999-04-08 |
WO1999014884A3 (en) | 1999-06-17 |
JP2001517019A (en) | 2001-10-02 |
CA2304249A1 (en) | 1999-03-25 |
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