WO1999007951A1 - Device for obtaining water from air - Google Patents

Device for obtaining water from air Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999007951A1
WO1999007951A1 PCT/EP1998/005066 EP9805066W WO9907951A1 WO 1999007951 A1 WO1999007951 A1 WO 1999007951A1 EP 9805066 W EP9805066 W EP 9805066W WO 9907951 A1 WO9907951 A1 WO 9907951A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
container
absorption material
air
valve
transparent
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1998/005066
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Heinz-Dieter Bürger
Yourii I. Aristov
Original Assignee
Saskia Solar- Und Energietechnik Gmbh
Institut Kataliza Sibirskogo Otdelenija Rossijskoj Akademii Nauk
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by Saskia Solar- Und Energietechnik Gmbh, Institut Kataliza Sibirskogo Otdelenija Rossijskoj Akademii Nauk filed Critical Saskia Solar- Und Energietechnik Gmbh
Publication of WO1999007951A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999007951A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
    • E03B3/00—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
    • E03B3/28—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water from humid air
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/18—Transportable devices to obtain potable water
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for extracting water from the air with the aid of a hygroscopic absorption material which is fed intermittently with moist air and is exposed to a heat source.
  • the device has a sealed container for the absorption material with at least one means for feeding in moist air and for removing water vapor to a condenser and with an opening for removing dry air.
  • a device is e.g. from EP-A-0 003
  • the device has a vacuum pump which is connected to the container, there being processor-controlled valves which allow operation in two phases, of which the first is a feed of moist air and the second a regeneration of the absorption material and condensation of the released water vapor causes.
  • the valves are cyclically controlled by the processor, either according to a fixed time program or depending on measured values such as the air humidity, the intensity of the heat source and the tank pressure. Phases in which the absorption material is flowed through by the ambient air and absorbs moisture alternate with phases in which the absorbed moisture is driven out of the absorption material with the aid of the heat source and liquefied in a condenser.
  • solar energy serves as a heat source
  • the invention can also be implemented with other heat sources, such as waste heat from industrial processes or geothermal energy.
  • a trough-shaped container 1 contains a highly porous carrier, for example made of silica gel, the pores of which are impregnated with a selective water absorption material 2 such as calcium chloride CaCl 2 , lithium bromide LiBr or sodium sulfate Na 2 S0 4 .
  • the container is either itself made of a good heat-insulating material or it is provided with a heat-insulating layer, which is preferably between two walls of the then double-walled container. This latter case is shown in the figure, the gap not only being filled with a heat-insulating material, but also being evacuated.
  • Such structures are known under the term vacuum supersolation VSI.
  • the flat trough shape of the container results in a large upper side, which is densely covered with a layer 3 of a material that prefers the long-wave Passes the area of sunlight.
  • a material that prefers the long-wave Passes the area of sunlight.
  • Such material is, for example, black chrome or titanium oxynitride (TINOX).
  • This valve can optionally also be located at the upper end of a chimney 10 (valve 9 '), so that permanent gas is expelled from the material during the desorption of water.
  • the manifold 5 is connected on the one hand via a valve 11 to an area from which the moist air can be drawn in, and on the other hand via a valve 12 to a condenser 13 in which water vapor can condense.
  • the device works in two phases, which are defined by the position of the individual valves mentioned and which are activated alternately by a pure time control or depending on operating variables such as the temperature in the absorption material, the pressure in the container or the moisture content of the intake air.
  • a first phase moist air is fed into the absorption material 2 through the then open valve 11, dry air simultaneously escaping via the valve 9 (or 9 ').
  • the valve 12 is closed in the meantime.
  • the vacuum pump 8 is out of operation.
  • the absorption material 2 is now enriched with moisture.
  • the temperature of the absorption material increases with the absorption of water.
  • This first phase preferably takes place during the night, when cool air comes in even in the desert still contains a certain amount of moisture that can be fed in.
  • valve 9 (or 9 ') and valve 11 are closed and valve 12 is opened.
  • the vacuum pump is switched on briefly in order to remove residual air from the then closed system consisting of the container 1, the means 4 and the condenser 13. Because of this vacuum, the steam molecules expelled from the absorption material due to the sun's rays become like in a so-called heat pipe
  • the condensate can flow into a collecting tank, not shown, which may be part of a drinking water treatment plant.
  • a collecting tank not shown, which may be part of a drinking water treatment plant.
  • cooling water that comes from condensate collected in earlier periods can flow through the condenser.
  • the invention is not limited to the device described above.
  • a compressor can also be provided, which presses the moist air into the collecting line via the valve 11. It is also possible to replace the A large number of pipes 4 distributed over the volume of the container 1 for feeding in the moist air in the first phase and for removing the water vapor in the second phase provide only a few or a single such pipe, which is as far as possible from the opening 6, so that the Air flows through the entire volume of the container.
  • the layer 3 can also be transparent, so that the radiation in the porous carrier material for the absorption material is then converted into heat. Then this carrier material is dark-colored, preferably black, and preferably consists of carbon.
  • the transparent layer can consist of a single pane or better of a multilayer arrangement with an intermediate layer between two transparent panes, the intermediate layer containing an airgel and / or being evacuated so that the heat loss during the sunless cold day or night times is limited.
  • the sun as a heat source can also be replaced by a heating coil in the container, through which a heat transfer fluid flows.

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for obtaining water from air by means of a hygroscopic absorption material which is intermittently charged with humid air or subjected to a heat source. The device comprises a tightly sealed container (1) for the absorption material (2) with at least one means (4) for supplying humid air and removing water vapour to a condenser (13) and with an opening (6) for evacuating dry air. The invention is characterized in that a vacuum pump (8) is connected to the container (1) and that processor-controlled valves (7, 9, 11, 12) are provided for which allow for a two-phase operation. The first phase involves feeding humid air into the container (1) and the second phase consists of regeneration of the absorption material (2) and condensation of the water vapour.

Description

VORRICHTUNG ZUR GEWINNUNG VON WASSER AUS DER LUFT DEVICE FOR OBTAINING WATER FROM THE AIR
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Gewinnung von Wasser aus der Luft mithilfe eines hygroskopischen Absorptionsmaterials, das intermittierend mit feuchter Luft beschickt wird und einer Wärmequelle ausge- setzt ist. Die Vorrichtung weist einen dichten Behälter für das Absorptionsmaterial mit mindestens einem Mittel zur Einspeisung von feuchter Luft und zur Abfuhr von Wasserdampf zu einem Kondensator sowie mit einer Öffnung für die Abfuhr trockener Luft auf. Eine solche Vorrichtung ist z.B. aus der EP-A-0 003The present invention relates to a device for extracting water from the air with the aid of a hygroscopic absorption material which is fed intermittently with moist air and is exposed to a heat source. The device has a sealed container for the absorption material with at least one means for feeding in moist air and for removing water vapor to a condenser and with an opening for removing dry air. Such a device is e.g. from EP-A-0 003
964 bekannt.964 known.
In dem Aufsatz "Selective water sorbents for multiple applications" , der veröffentlicht wurde in React.Kinet.Ca- tal.Lett. Vol 59, N°2, 1996, Seiten 325 bis 333, werden Absorptionsmaterialien vorgestellt, die unter anderem auch für die Gewinnung von Frischwasser aus der Umgebungsluft eingesetzt werden können. Es handelt sich insbesondere um Kalziumchlorid CaCl2, mit dem ein poröser Körper aus Silika- gel imprägniert wird. Die Erfindung geht von einer Vorrichtung aus, wie sie in der oben genannten EP-A-0 003 964 beschrieben ist, und stellt sich die Aufgabe, deren Ausbeute an Wasser zu vergrößern und deren Energiewirkungsgrad zu erhöhen.In the article "Selective water sorbents for multiple applications", which was published in React.Kinet.Catal.Lett. Vol 59, N ° 2, 1996, pages 325 to 333, absorption materials are presented, which can also be used for the extraction of fresh water from the ambient air. It is, in particular, calcium chloride CaCl 2 , with which a porous body made of silica gel is impregnated. The invention is based on a device as described in the above-mentioned EP-A-0 003 964, and has the object of increasing its water yield and increasing its energy efficiency.
Die Vorrichtung weist erfindungsgemäß eine Vakuumpum- pe auf, die an den Behälter angeschlossen ist, wobei prozessorgesteuerte Ventile vorhanden sind, die einen Betrieb in zwei Phasen erlauben, von denen die erste eine Einspeisung von feuchter Luft und die zweite eine Regeneration des Absorptionsmaterials und Kondensation des freigesetzten Wasserdampfes bewirkt. Die Ventile werden zyklisch von dem Prozessor gesteuert, und zwar entweder nach einem festen Zeitprogramm oder abhängig von Meßwerten wie der Luftfeuchtigkeit, der Intensität der Wärmequelle und des Behälterdrucks. Dabei wechseln Phasen, in denen das Absorptionsmaterial von der Umgebungs- luft durchströmt wird und Feuchtigkeit absorbiert, mit Phasen ab, in denen die absorbierte Feuchtigkeit mithilfe der Wärmequelle aus dem Absorptionsmaterial getrieben und in einem Kondensator verflüssigt wird. Bezüglich von Merkmalen bevorzugter Ausführungsformen der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung wird auf die Unteransprüche verwiesen.According to the invention, the device has a vacuum pump which is connected to the container, there being processor-controlled valves which allow operation in two phases, of which the first is a feed of moist air and the second a regeneration of the absorption material and condensation of the released water vapor causes. The valves are cyclically controlled by the processor, either according to a fixed time program or depending on measured values such as the air humidity, the intensity of the heat source and the tank pressure. Phases in which the absorption material is flowed through by the ambient air and absorbs moisture alternate with phases in which the absorbed moisture is driven out of the absorption material with the aid of the heat source and liquefied in a condenser. With regard to features of preferred embodiments of the device according to the invention, reference is made to the subclaims.
Die Erfindung wird nun anhand eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels mithilfe der beiliegenden einzigen Figur näher erläutert, die schematisch diese Vorrichtung zeigt.The invention will now be explained in more detail on the basis of a preferred exemplary embodiment with the aid of the enclosed single figure, which schematically shows this device.
In der bevorzugten Ausführungsform dient Sonnenenergie als Wärmequelle, jedoch ist die Erfindung auch mit anderen Wärmequellen realisierbar, wie zum Beispiel mit Abwärme aus Industrieprozessen oder Geothermie.In the preferred embodiment, solar energy serves as a heat source, but the invention can also be implemented with other heat sources, such as waste heat from industrial processes or geothermal energy.
Wie aus der Figur zu ersehen, enthält ein wannenför- miger Behälter 1 einen hochporösen Träger, z.B. aus Silika- gel, dessen Poren mit einem selektiven Wasserabsorptionsmaterial 2 wie Kalziumchlorid CaCl2, Lithiumbromid LiBr oder Natriumsulfat Na2S04 imprägniert sind. Der Behälter ist entweder selbst aus einem gut wärmedämmenden Material oder er ist mit einer wärmedämmenden Schicht versehen, die vorzugsweise zwischen zwei Wänden des dann doppelwandigen Behälters liegt. In der Figur ist dieser letztgenannte Fall dargestellt, wobei der Zwischenraum nicht nur mit einem wärmedämmenden Material gefüllt, sondern auch noch evakuiert ist. Solche Strukturen sind unter dem Begriff Vakuum-Superi- solation VSI bekannt. Die flache Wannenform des Behälters ergibt eine große Oberseite, die mit einer Schicht 3 eines Materials dicht bedeckt ist, das bevorzugt den langwelligen Bereich des Sonnenlichts durchläßt. Solches Material ist beispielsweise Schwarzchrom oder Titanoxinitrid (TINOX).As can be seen from the figure, a trough-shaped container 1 contains a highly porous carrier, for example made of silica gel, the pores of which are impregnated with a selective water absorption material 2 such as calcium chloride CaCl 2 , lithium bromide LiBr or sodium sulfate Na 2 S0 4 . The container is either itself made of a good heat-insulating material or it is provided with a heat-insulating layer, which is preferably between two walls of the then double-walled container. This latter case is shown in the figure, the gap not only being filled with a heat-insulating material, but also being evacuated. Such structures are known under the term vacuum supersolation VSI. The flat trough shape of the container results in a large upper side, which is densely covered with a layer 3 of a material that prefers the long-wave Passes the area of sunlight. Such material is, for example, black chrome or titanium oxynitride (TINOX).
In den Behälter ragen von der der Schicht 3 entgegengesetzten Seite aus mehrere Rohre 4 hinein, die im Inneren des Behälters perforierte Enden besitzen und außerhalb in eine gemeinsame Sammelleitung 5 münden. Weiter ist, beispielsweise auf einer Schmalseite des Behälters, eine Öffnung 6 vorgesehen, die mittels Ventilen bei Bedarf geöffnet bzw. verschlossen wird, wie nachstehend erläutert wird. An diese Öffnung ist über ein Ventil 7 eine Vakuumpumpe 8 angeschlossen, und außerdem kann das Innere des Behälters über diese Öffnung 6 und ein Ventil 9 mit der Außenatmosphäre in Verbindung gebracht werden.From the side opposite the layer 3, several tubes 4 protrude into the container, which have perforated ends inside the container and open into a common collecting line 5 outside. Furthermore, an opening 6 is provided, for example on a narrow side of the container, which is opened or closed by means of valves if necessary, as will be explained below. A vacuum pump 8 is connected to this opening via a valve 7, and the interior of the container can also be connected to the outside atmosphere via this opening 6 and a valve 9.
Dieses Ventil kann wahlweise auch am oberen Ende eines Kamins 10 liegen (Ventil 9'), damit Permanentgas bei der Desorption von Wasser aus dem Material ausgestoßen wird.This valve can optionally also be located at the upper end of a chimney 10 (valve 9 '), so that permanent gas is expelled from the material during the desorption of water.
Die Sammelleitung 5 ist einerseits über ein Ventil 11 mit einem Bereich, aus dem die feuchte Luft angesaugt werden kann, und andrerseits über ein Ventil 12 mit einem Kondensa- tor 13 verbunden, in dem Wasserdampf kondensieren kann.The manifold 5 is connected on the one hand via a valve 11 to an area from which the moist air can be drawn in, and on the other hand via a valve 12 to a condenser 13 in which water vapor can condense.
Die Vorrichtung arbeitet in zwei Phasen, die durch die Stellung der einzelnen erwähnten Ventile definiert sind und abwechselnd durch eine reine Zeitsteuerung oder abhängig von Betriebsgrößen wie der Temperatur im Absorptionsmateri- al, dem Druck im Behälter oder dem Feuchtegehalt der angesaugten Luft aktiviert werden.The device works in two phases, which are defined by the position of the individual valves mentioned and which are activated alternately by a pure time control or depending on operating variables such as the temperature in the absorption material, the pressure in the container or the moisture content of the intake air.
In einer ersten Phase wird feuchte Luft durch das dann offene Ventil 11 in das Absorptionsmaterial 2 eingespeist, wobei gleichzeitig trockene Luft über das Ventil 9 (bzw. 9') entweicht. Das Ventil 12 ist währenddessen geschlossen. Die Vakuumpumpe 8 ist außer Betrieb. Nun reichert sich das Absorptionsmaterial 2 mit Feuchtigkeit an. Gleichzeitig steigt mit der Wasseraufnahme die Temperatur des Absorptionsmaterials. Diese erste Phase läuft vorzugsweise während der Nachtstunden ab, wenn kühle Luft, die dann selbst in der Wüste noch eine gewisse Menge Feuchtigkeit enthält, eingespeist werden kann.In a first phase, moist air is fed into the absorption material 2 through the then open valve 11, dry air simultaneously escaping via the valve 9 (or 9 '). The valve 12 is closed in the meantime. The vacuum pump 8 is out of operation. The absorption material 2 is now enriched with moisture. At the same time, the temperature of the absorption material increases with the absorption of water. This first phase preferably takes place during the night, when cool air comes in even in the desert still contains a certain amount of moisture that can be fed in.
Bei Sonnenaufgang werden das Ventil 9 (bzw. 9') und das Ventil 11 geschlossen und das Ventil 12 geöffnet. Zu- gleich wird kurzzeitig die Vakuumpumpe eingeschaltet, um Restluft aus dem dann geschlossenen System, bestehend aus dem Behälter 1, dem Mittel 4 und dem Kondensator 13 zu entfernen. Wegen dieses Vakuums werden die aufgrund der Sonneneinstrahlung aus dem Abdorptionsmaterial ausgetriebe- nen Dampfmoleküle wie in einem sogenannten Wärmerohr zumAt sunrise, valve 9 (or 9 ') and valve 11 are closed and valve 12 is opened. At the same time, the vacuum pump is switched on briefly in order to remove residual air from the then closed system consisting of the container 1, the means 4 and the condenser 13. Because of this vacuum, the steam molecules expelled from the absorption material due to the sun's rays become like in a so-called heat pipe
"kalten Ende", d.h. zum Kondensator 13 gezogen. Die Vakuumpumpe schaltet sich automatisch immer ein, wenn im Behälter der Vakuumdruck über einen vorbestimmten Grenzwert ansteigt. Anstatt mit einer Vakuumpumpe kann der gleiche Effekt auch mit einem Kamin 10 erreicht werden, an dessen oberem Ende ein steuerbares Ventil 9' liegt. Öffnet man zu Beginn oder während der zweiten Phase, d.h. tagsüber, dieses Ventil, dann werden Permanentgase, die sich im Kamin gesammelt haben, ausgestoßen und der Druck sinkt durch Kondensation von Wasserdampf im Kondensator ab."cold end", i.e. drawn to the capacitor 13. The vacuum pump switches on automatically whenever the vacuum pressure in the tank rises above a predetermined limit. Instead of using a vacuum pump, the same effect can also be achieved with a chimney 10, at the upper end of which there is a controllable valve 9 '. Open at the beginning or during the second phase, i.e. during the day, this valve, then permanent gases that have collected in the chimney are expelled and the pressure drops due to condensation of water vapor in the condenser.
Ohne die Entfernung der Permanentgase würden diese in der zweiten Phase den Dampftransport empfindlich stören und die Ausbeute an Wasser drastisch vermindern, weil erhebliche Mengen Wasserdampf im durchströmenden Permanentgas gelöst blieben, auch wenn die Luft durch einen kühlenden Kondensator geleitet wird.Without the removal of the permanent gases, these would severely disrupt the vapor transport in the second phase and drastically reduce the yield of water, because considerable amounts of water vapor remained dissolved in the permanent gas flowing through, even if the air is passed through a cooling condenser.
Das Kondensat kann in einen nicht dargestellten Sammeltank abfließen, der gegebenenfalls Teil einer Trinkwasser-Aufbereitungsanlage ist. Der Kondensator kann bei- spielsweise von Kühlwasser durchströmt werden, das von in früheren Perioden gesammeltem Kondensat stammt.The condensate can flow into a collecting tank, not shown, which may be part of a drinking water treatment plant. For example, cooling water that comes from condensate collected in earlier periods can flow through the condenser.
Die Erfindung ist nicht auf die oben beschriebene Vorrichtung beschränkt. So kann auch ein Kompressor vorgesehen sein, der die feuchte Luft über das Ventil 11 in die Sammelleitung drückt. Weiter ist es möglich, anstelle der Vielzahl von über das Volumen des Behälters 1 verteilten Rohren 4 zur Einspeisung der feuchten Luft in der ersten Phase und zur Entnahme des Wasserdampfs in der zweiten Phase nur wenige oder ein einziges solches Rohr vorzusehen, das möglichst weit entfernt von der Öffnung 6 ist, sodaß die Luft durch ganze Volumen des Behälters strömt.The invention is not limited to the device described above. Thus, a compressor can also be provided, which presses the moist air into the collecting line via the valve 11. It is also possible to replace the A large number of pipes 4 distributed over the volume of the container 1 for feeding in the moist air in the first phase and for removing the water vapor in the second phase provide only a few or a single such pipe, which is as far as possible from the opening 6, so that the Air flows through the entire volume of the container.
Im Rahmen der Erfindung kann die Schicht 3 auch transparent sein, sodaß dann die Strahlung im porösen Trägermaterial für das Absorptionsmaterial in Wärme umgewandelt wird. Dann ist dieses Trägermaterial dunkelfarbig, bevorzugt schwarz, und besteht vorzugsweise aus Kohlenstoff. Die transparente Schicht kann aus einer einzigen Scheibe oder besser aus einer Mehrschichtanordnung mit einer Zwischenschicht zwischen zwei transparenten Scheiben bestehen, wobei die Zwischenschicht ein Aerogel enthält und/oder evakuiert ist, damit der Wärmeverlust während der sonnenlosen kalten Tages- oder Nachtzeiten beschränkt bleibt.In the context of the invention, the layer 3 can also be transparent, so that the radiation in the porous carrier material for the absorption material is then converted into heat. Then this carrier material is dark-colored, preferably black, and preferably consists of carbon. The transparent layer can consist of a single pane or better of a multilayer arrangement with an intermediate layer between two transparent panes, the intermediate layer containing an airgel and / or being evacuated so that the heat loss during the sunless cold day or night times is limited.
Die Sonne als Wärmequelle kann auch durch eine Heizschlange im Behälter ersetzt werden, die von einem Wärmeträgerfluid durchflössen wird. The sun as a heat source can also be replaced by a heating coil in the container, through which a heat transfer fluid flows.

Claims

Ansprüche Expectations
1. Vorrichtung zur Gewinnung von Wasser aus der Luft mithilfe eines hygroskopischen Absorptionsmaterials, das intermittierend mit feuchter Luft beschickt beziehungsweise einer Wärmequelle ausgesetzt ist, wobei die Vorrichtung einen dichten Behälter ( 1 ) für das Absorptionsmaterial ( 2 ) mit mindestens einem Mittel (4) zur Einspeisung von feuchter Luft und zur Abfuhr von Wasserdampf zu einem Kondensator ( 13 ) sowie mit einer Öffnung ( 6 ) für die Abfuhr trockener Luft aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Vakuumpumpe (8) an den Behälter (1) angeschlossen ist, wobei prozessor- gesteuerte Ventile (7, 9, 11, 12) vorhanden sind, die einen Betrieb in zwei Phasen erlauben, von denen die erste eine Einspeisung von feuchter Luft in den Behälter ( 1 ) und die zweite eine Regeneration des Absorptionsmaterials ( 2 ) und Kondensation des freigesetzten Wasserdampfes bewirkt.1. Device for extracting water from the air using a hygroscopic absorption material which is intermittently charged with moist air or is exposed to a heat source, the device comprising a sealed container (1) for the absorption material (2) with at least one means (4) for Feeding in moist air and for removing water vapor to a condenser (13) and with an opening (6) for removing dry air, characterized in that a vacuum pump (8) is connected to the container (1), with processor Controlled valves (7, 9, 11, 12) are present which allow operation in two phases, the first of which feeds moist air into the container (1) and the second a regeneration of the absorption material (2) and condensation of the released water vapor causes.
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß an den Behälter ein Kamin (10) angebaut ist, der an seinem oberen Ende mit einem Ventil (9') verschlossen ist.2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that a chimney (10) is attached to the container, which is closed at its upper end with a valve (9 ').
3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vakuumpumpe (8) über ein Ventil (7) an den Behälter (1) angeschlossen ist.3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the vacuum pump (8) via a valve (7) is connected to the container (1).
4. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Mittel (4) außerhalb des4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the means (4) outside the
Behälters (1) über je ein Ventil (11, 12) mit dem Bereich feuchter Luft bzw. dem Kondensator (13) verbunden ist.Container (1) via a valve (11, 12) is connected to the area of moist air or the condenser (13).
5. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Mittel (4) aus mehreren außerhalb des Behälters miteinander kommunizierenden Rohren besteht, die innerhalb des Behälters (1) perforiert sind und gleichmäßig über das Behältervolumen verteilt sind.5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the means (4) consists of several outside of the container there are communicating pipes which are perforated within the container (1) and are evenly distributed over the container volume.
6. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Fall einer solaren Wärmequelle der Behälter (1) die Form einer flachen Wanne hat, deren Wände mit Ausnahme der der Sonnenstrahlung ausgesetzten Seite wärmedämmend ausgeführt sind.6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that in the case of a solar heat source, the container (1) has the shape of a flat trough, the walls of which, except for the side exposed to solar radiation, are designed to be heat-insulating.
7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die der Sonnenstrahlung ausgesetzte Seite mit einer wellenlängenselektiven Schicht (3) bedeckt ist, die bevorzugt das langwellige Licht durchläßt.7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the side exposed to solar radiation is covered with a wavelength-selective layer (3), which preferably transmits the long-wave light.
8. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schicht (3) aus Schwarzchrom oder Titanoxini- trid ist.8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that the layer (3) is made of black chrome or titanium oxynitride.
9. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Absorptionsmaterial aus der Gruppe der selektiven Wasser-Absorptionsmaterialien ausgewählt ist, zu der CaCl2, LiBr und Na2S04 gehören.9. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the absorption material is selected from the group of selective water absorption materials, to which CaCl 2 , LiBr and Na 2 S0 4 belong.
10. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die der Sonnenstrahlung ausgesetzte Seite des Behälters ( 1 ) mit einer transparenten Schicht bedeckt ist und daß das Absorptionsmaterial in ein poröses dunkelfarbiges Trägermaterial verteilt eingebracht ist.10. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the side of the container (1) exposed to solar radiation is covered with a transparent layer and that the absorption material is introduced distributed in a porous dark-colored carrier material.
11. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Trägermaterial schwarzer Kohlenstoff ist.11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the carrier material is black carbon.
12. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 10 und 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die transparente Schicht aus einem Vakuumraum zwischen zwei transparenten Scheiben besteht.12. Device according to one of claims 10 and 11, characterized in that the transparent layer there is a vacuum space between two transparent panes.
13. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 10 und 11, dadurchngekennzeichnet, daß die transparente Schicht zwischen zwei transparenten Scheiben ein transparentes Aerogel enthält. 13. Device according to one of claims 10 and 11, characterized in that the transparent layer between two transparent panes contains a transparent airgel.
PCT/EP1998/005066 1997-08-12 1998-08-10 Device for obtaining water from air WO1999007951A1 (en)

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