WO1999004197A1 - Recuperation d'energie - Google Patents

Recuperation d'energie Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1999004197A1
WO1999004197A1 PCT/GB1998/002098 GB9802098W WO9904197A1 WO 1999004197 A1 WO1999004197 A1 WO 1999004197A1 GB 9802098 W GB9802098 W GB 9802098W WO 9904197 A1 WO9904197 A1 WO 9904197A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pyrolysis
waste material
cooling
chamber
pyrolysis reaction
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1998/002098
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas Ollson
Original Assignee
Thomas Ollson
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thomas Ollson filed Critical Thomas Ollson
Priority to AU84483/98A priority Critical patent/AU8448398A/en
Publication of WO1999004197A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999004197A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/10—Drying by heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
    • F23G2201/301—Treating pyrogases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/60—Separating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/70—Blending
    • F23G2201/702—Blending with other waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/80—Shredding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
    • F23G2203/80—Furnaces with other means for moving the waste through the combustion zone
    • F23G2203/801—Furnaces with other means for moving the waste through the combustion zone using conveyors
    • F23G2203/8013—Screw conveyors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/70—Incinerating particular products or waste
    • F23G2900/7009—Incinerating human or animal corpses or remains
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste

Definitions

  • Waste material in the context of the present invention includes all forms of biodegradable waste materials including sewage, rubber tyres and printed circuit boards .
  • WO 93/25848 proposes production of gaseous fuel by heating waste material in a rotating drum without allowing combustion to take place and using the fuel to generate electricity. At least some of the fuel produced may be used to heat the waste material. However, the temperature of the gasifier is approximately 800°C which is insufficient for safe treatment of hospital waste. BSE-conta inated carcasses and other biologically-active waste. Also, the processing speed is insufficiently fast to permit flexibility in plant operation to account for variables in terms of quantity and quality of waste material to be processed.
  • a process for the recovery of energy values from waste biodegradable material comprises passing comminuted waste material through a pyrolysis reaction chamber and cooling the gaseous pyrolysis reaction product, in which the pyrolysis and cooling chambers are adjoining and the waste material is advanced through the pyrolysis chamber by advancement means comprising rotary drive shaft means sealingly journalled through the wall of the cooling chamber remote from the pyrolysis chamber.
  • the drive shaft gland is removed from direct exposure to the heat of the pyrolysis reaction and higher pyrolysis temperatures can therefore be tolerated, with a greater ability to treat biologically-active waste or other hazardous materials and a significantly faster processing time being achieved.
  • the flue gases heating the waste material in the pyrolysis operation are passed to a heat exchanger to produce steam for generation of electricity, thereby cooling the flue gases before they are vented to atmosphere and providing an environmental benefit.
  • the pyrolysis gaseous product may be used as fuel for a gas turbine electricity generator or for one or more gas-fired boilers for production of steam and in either case the exhaust gases, which can be at temperatures as high as 2000°C, can also be passed to the or a heat exchanger for production of steam.
  • the gaseous pyrolysis reaction product may also be stored and optionally transported for eventual use elsewhere as fuel gas .
  • the raw waste material is initially sorted or screened to remove metallic materials, glass and other ceramic materials, and bricks, concrete and the like.
  • the resulting combustible or carbon-containing material which may contain up to 40% or more water, is preferably then dried and comminuted by a shredding, crushing, pulverising or other operation to provide the material in particulate, granular or other individual-piece form to assist in substantially complete pyrolysis.
  • Any non-volatile liquids such as oils, grease or fats may be used as such in the pyrolysis reaction or admixed with the solid material.
  • the dried and comminuted material optionally containing non-volatile liquids is preferably pre-heated and de-oxygenated.
  • the material is then fed to the pyrolysis reaction chamber which may have a temperature in excess of 1000°C where it is preferably agitated or tumbled to assist in even distribution in the reactor and rapid chemical breakdown and gasification.
  • liquids such as used engine oil are added to the feed material to increase the calorific value thereof.
  • the water vapour recovered from the drying of the waste material is added to the fuel for the pyrolysis reaction or for the gas boiler or boilers to increase the combustion efficiency of the fuel, and/or used in the cooling stage.
  • At least a portion of the gaseous product may be used as process gas for the pyrolysis reactor as well as for the gas turbine and/or gas-fired boilers.
  • Discharge gases from the boilers may be used via suitable heat-exchange means to preheat the return water from the condensers to the boilers; after the gases have passed through such heat-exchange means, any residual heat may be used to dry the raw waste material prior to storage in silos.
  • the resulting water-containing air may be condensed and passed to a desalination plant.
  • the cooling water from the condensers may also be used to operate a desalination plant.
  • the invention provides apparatus for the recovery of energy values from biodegradable waste material, the apparatus comprising a pyrolysis reaction chamber and a cooling chamber and means for advancing said material in comminuted form through the pyrolysis reaction chamber, in which the pyrolysis and cooling chambers are adjoining and the advancing means comprise rotary drive shaft means sealingly journalled through the wall of the cooling chamber remote from the pyrolysis chamber.
  • the apparatus includes gas turbine means and/or gas-fired boiler means to generate electricity from the pyrolysis reaction product gases, and a desalination plant operatively connected to the exhaust from the turbines or condensers.
  • the apparatus may also include means to pass the flue gases from the pyrolysis reactor to a heat exchanger for production of steam for generation of electricity.
  • the pyrolysis reactor comprises a tubular reactor body containing a rotary screw and mixing element to advance the pyrolisable material from an inlet station through a heated reactor zone to an outlet station for gaseous product.
  • a rotary screw and mixing element to advance the pyrolisable material from an inlet station through a heated reactor zone to an outlet station for gaseous product.
  • the use of such a reactor avoids the need for gaseous seal elements in or close to the reactor zone and this enables considerably higher reactor temperatures, typically in excess of 1000°C, and up to about 1500°C, to be employed, compared with reactors such as disclosed in WO 93/25848 which employ rotating drums which require rotary seal elements and glands and hence cannot operate at temperatures in excess of approximately 800°C.
  • the use of higher pyrolysis temperatures enables the process to be operated with toxic raw materials including hospital waste, BSE-contaminated animal carcasses and the like.
  • a rotary screw element carried within a tubular reactor body is that any char or other solid or liquid residue including precious metal values from the raw material or the pyrolysis reaction is carried through the reactor and discharged therefrom at the outlet station.
  • solid or liquid residue is discharged upstream of the outlet station, that is, while still substantially at pyrolysis temperature.
  • the direct connection of the cooling means to the outlet station facilitates rapid cooling with minimum opportunity for any chemical re-combination of the pyrolysis reaction product gases, as well as enabling the use of the higher temperature by virtue of the journalling of the rotary drive shaft means.
  • the pyrolysis reaction gaseous product may be recovered and stored by quenching in a water spray and passed to a storage cylinder by displacement of water, which may be the water recovered from the raw material drying process .
  • the process and apparatus according to the invention may readily be adapted for automated control, in that temperature sensors, calorific value sensors, throughput sensors and the like may be operatively connected to control the variables of the system including input calorific value, rotary speed of the advancement means, pyrolysis temperature, cooling temperature and control of extracted water vapour to the burners .
  • Figure 1 is a side elevation m diagrammatic form of a pyrolysis conversion apparatus
  • Figure 2 is an elevation of the apparatus of Figure 2 from the feed end
  • Figure 3 is a section through the apparatus along the line III-III of Figure 1.
  • the apparatus includes a pre-heater unit 11 for raw material in pelletized form, a heater/deoxygenator unit 12, a pyrolysis reactor unit 13 and a cooling unit 14.
  • the pre-heater unit 11 has an upper inlet pipe 15 for pelletized raw material, a lower inlet 26 for hot oxygen-free gases, optionally flue gases from the pyrolysis reactor unit 13, to pre-heat the pellets and begin the process of oxygen removal therefrom, and a chimney 17 for waste gases; the chimney is connected to a condenser (not shown) for recovery of water vapour or water vapour is passed as such to the pyrolysis furnace.
  • pellets are transported to the upper part of heater/deoxygenator unit 12 by screw conveyors or augers 18 driven by variable-speed geared electric motors 19; the process of pre-heating, oxygen removal and drying is completed in this unit by passing hot oxygen-free gas in at 20 and removing waste gases through chimney 21, again connected to a condenser (not shown) or utilised per ⁇ e in the burner feedstock.
  • Waste oil or other liquid of high calorific value may be introduced through pipe 22, suitably provided with a seal (not shown) to prevent ingress of air.
  • the finally dried and heated raw material is then passed by screw conveyors 23 to the upper part of one or more (three in the embodiment illustrated) substantially horizontally-disposed pyrolysis converter tubes 24, containing a rotary paddle-type stirrer/mixer 25 which also acts as a relatively long-pitch screw conveyor to transport raw material through the converter.
  • the converter tubes may optionally be disposed at a slight downward angle (away from the feed end) to assist in transportation of pyrolysis material.
  • the mixers 25 are carried on shafts 2 ⁇ journalled internally of the converter tubes in end cap/bearing units 27 at the proximal or feed end and extending through bearing/seal units 28 at the remote end of the cooler unit 14, and are rotatably driven by variable-speed geared electric motors 29.
  • An intermediate bearing unit 27A is provided where the shafts pass through the common or adjoining end walls of the pyrolysis tubes and the cooler unit; such bearings do not have to have a sealing function and hence can readily withstand high pyrolysis temperatures.
  • the bearing/seal units 28 are not only removed from the high pyrolysis temperatures but are also cooled by incoming cooling water, as hereinafter described.
  • the converter tubes 24 are carried in a heater furnace 30 where they are heated by hot gases from gas-fuelled burners fed by pressurised gas jets 31; moist air may be fed in at 32 to improve combustion performance.
  • the combustion gases after passing over and around the converter tubes are passed through a heat exchanger containing tubes 33 and baffles 34 to produce stream for turbines or for use in boilers; the stream condensate may be a closed loop system with no requirement for replenishment water.
  • the distal ends of the pyrolysis converter tubes, downstream of the heater furnace, are lagged and provided with drain or residue pipes 35 controlled by upper and lower valves 36, 37 and including, between the valves, a valved connection 38 to the furnace 30, whereby any ash
  • Outlet pipe 43 may contain a calorific value sensor or monitor (not shown) which can be used optionally with automatic comparator/feedback means to control input of oil through pipe 22.
  • the apparatus may as illustrated by constructed and assembled from mating modular parts or sub-assemblies, for example as defined by cooperating flanges 44 between the burner and converter sections, 45 between the converter and lower part of the heat exchanger and 46 between the lower and upper parts of the heat exchanger.
  • the top flange joint 47 is between the upper part of the heat exchanger and the roof/flue 48.
  • the materials of constructions are chosen according to the intended temperature of operation and the nature of the raw material and may be selected from metallic materials including high temperature-resistant alloys capable of withstanding corrosive or other aggressive environments and ceramic materials; especially porous ceramics .
  • the invention allows higher pyrolysis temperatures to be achieved than has hitherto been possible by virtue of the stationary pyrolysis tubes being attached direct to the cooling unit with the resulting possibility of sealingly joumalling the rotary advancement means away from the hot zone.
  • Faster processing times are another benefit, with the possibility of flexibility of plant operation according to instantaneous requirements dictated for example by the quality or nature of the feed material, since pyrolysis reaction speed ceases to be the overall rate determining step.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé permettant de récupérer des valeurs énergétiques de matières-déchets biodégradables, lequel procédé consiste à faire passer les matières-déchets finement fragmentées à travers une chambre (13) de réaction pyrolytique et à refroidir le produit gazeux de la réaction pyrolytique, les chambres de pyrolyse (24) et de refroidissement (14) étant adjacentes et les matières-déchets avançant à travers la chambre de pyrolyse à l'aide de moyens de transport comprenant un arbre d'entraînement rotatif (25) dont le tourillon est monté de façon étanche à travers la paroi de la chambre de refroidissement qui est éloignée de la chambre de pyrolyse. Le presse-garniture (28) de l'arbre d'entraînement est par conséquent éloigné de l'exposition directe à la chaleur de la réaction pyrolytique et peut de la sorte supporter des températures de pyrolyse plus élevées, ce qui permet un traitement plus efficace et sensiblement plus rapide des déchets bioactifs ou autres matières dangereuses.
PCT/GB1998/002098 1997-07-16 1998-07-16 Recuperation d'energie WO1999004197A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU84483/98A AU8448398A (en) 1997-07-16 1998-07-16 Recovery of energy

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9714983A GB9714983D0 (en) 1997-07-16 1997-07-16 Production of energy
GB9714983.5 1997-07-16

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999004197A1 true WO1999004197A1 (fr) 1999-01-28

Family

ID=10815947

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1998/002098 WO1999004197A1 (fr) 1997-07-16 1998-07-16 Recuperation d'energie

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU8448398A (fr)
GB (1) GB9714983D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999004197A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001009267A1 (fr) 1999-08-03 2001-02-08 Harald Martin Procede et dispositif permettant d'enlever les produits de recuperation et les dechets
GB2359874A (en) * 2000-02-29 2001-09-05 Andrew William Webster Gasification augur
US7000780B1 (en) 1999-08-03 2006-02-21 Harald Martin Method and device for drying, separating, classifying and decomposing recoverable waste products
CN101943411A (zh) * 2009-07-08 2011-01-12 普雷塞科有限责任公司 用于低发热值的有机物质的热处理的方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4217175A (en) * 1978-04-28 1980-08-12 Reilly Bertram B Apparatus for solid waste pyrolysis
US4732091A (en) * 1985-09-30 1988-03-22 G.G.C., Inc. Pyrolysis and combustion process and system
DE3717542A1 (de) * 1987-05-25 1988-12-15 Krupp Polysius Ag Verfahren und anlage zur versorgung eines verbrauchers mit pyrolysegas
WO1993025848A1 (fr) 1992-06-09 1993-12-23 Waste Gas Technology Limited Production d'electricite a partir de dechets

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4217175A (en) * 1978-04-28 1980-08-12 Reilly Bertram B Apparatus for solid waste pyrolysis
US4732091A (en) * 1985-09-30 1988-03-22 G.G.C., Inc. Pyrolysis and combustion process and system
DE3717542A1 (de) * 1987-05-25 1988-12-15 Krupp Polysius Ag Verfahren und anlage zur versorgung eines verbrauchers mit pyrolysegas
WO1993025848A1 (fr) 1992-06-09 1993-12-23 Waste Gas Technology Limited Production d'electricite a partir de dechets

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001009267A1 (fr) 1999-08-03 2001-02-08 Harald Martin Procede et dispositif permettant d'enlever les produits de recuperation et les dechets
US7000780B1 (en) 1999-08-03 2006-02-21 Harald Martin Method and device for drying, separating, classifying and decomposing recoverable waste products
US7147681B1 (en) 1999-08-03 2006-12-12 Harald Martin Method and device for removing recoverable waste products and non-recoverable waste products
GB2359874A (en) * 2000-02-29 2001-09-05 Andrew William Webster Gasification augur
GB2359874B (en) * 2000-02-29 2003-12-31 Andrew William Webster Gasification auger
CN101943411A (zh) * 2009-07-08 2011-01-12 普雷塞科有限责任公司 用于低发热值的有机物质的热处理的方法
WO2011004075A1 (fr) * 2009-07-08 2011-01-13 Preseco Oy Procédé de traitement thermique de la matière organique de faible pouvoir calorifique

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB9714983D0 (en) 1997-09-24
AU8448398A (en) 1999-02-10

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