WO1999003602A1

WO1999003602A1 - Mobile sorting installation for on-site sizing of refractory waste

Info

Publication number: WO1999003602A1
Application number: PCT/FR1998/001555
Authority: WO
Inventors: Olivier Ortega; Marc Faverjon
Original assignee: Valoref (Societe Anonyme)
Priority date: 1997-07-18
Filing date: 1998-07-16
Publication date: 1999-01-28
Also published as: FR2766110B1; EP0998356A1; FR2766110A1

Abstract

The invention concerns a mobile installation for sorting refractory waste coming from the pulling down of industrial furnaces, comprising a platform (1) mounted on wheels (2) whereon are successively installed, from upstream to downstream with respect to the displacement direction of the treated materials: a receiving hopper (3) emptying its contents into a vibrating feeder (4); a sorting conveyor (5); a sorting cabin (6) wherein circulates a section (5b) of said sorting conveyor and comprising, on either side of said section, at least two sorting posts (P). The invention is characterised in that the vibrating feeder (4) consists of an electronic scalping machine capable of scalping so as to separate the fines upstream of the manual sorting station.

Description

Mobile sorting facility for sorting on-site reactive waste.

The present invention relates to a mobile sorting installation or unit more specifically intended for sorting on site refractory waste essentially resulting from the demolition of industrial ovens such as, for example, glass furnaces, ceramic furnaces, steel furnaces, etc. It is known that such ovens and, more specifically glass furnaces, are made up of several refractory products, of various types, origins and costs ⁽ for example: silica co-a luminous material, silica, alumina, zirconia, magnesia, etc. .), each corresponding to a specific part of said ovens. It is recognized that it is desirable, if not essential, to recycle the recoverable refractory products contained in the demolitions resulting from the dismantling of industrial ovens, both from an economic point of view ⁽ the raw materials generated by recycling being usable by product manufacturers refractory), only from an ecological point of view ⁽ by limiting the volume of irrecoverable residues put in approved technical landfills). In practice, it is possible to recover and recycle most of the refractory products resulting from the demolition of glass furnaces. Of course, the recycling of recoverable refractory products requires a preliminary sorting of the materials resulting from the demolitions, in order to classify them, in particular according to their nature and their degree of pollution.

We know (DE 93 17 701 U), a mobile sorting chain for mixed materials such as, for example, construction waste, comprising a chassis towable on which are installed: a hopper and a distributor constituting a preparation unit, a rotor screen carrying out a primary screening, a vibrating screen ensuring a secondary screening, a light separator, a magnetic separator, a sorting cabin and various carpets evacuation.

This sorting chain, characterized by a developed mechanical pretreatment (double screening, separation of light, possible magnetic separation), leaves only a very small physical place for manual sorting. Sorting stations are therefore limited to the number of two. This working configuration, intended for sorting building rubble in the building and public works sector ⁽ 90% mineral matter and 10% waste to be sorted) is not very suitable for sorting refractory demolition residues in which finds several qualities of refractory in proportion equivalent to separate. According to the aforementioned document, the technical solution chosen for feeding and separating the fines (feeder with pushing bottom and screen with rotor) is unsuitable for the specificity of refractory materials which are particularly hard and abrasive.

Indeed, the refractory fraction resulting from a demolition of glass furnaces corresponds to all of the demolition products, with the exception of the metallic fraction which is removed during dismantling and is managed separately.

The granular curve of the refractory fraction resulting from the demolition shows a significant proportion of elements from 100 mm to 500 mm ⁽ approximately 70%), a significant content of fines less than 10 mm (approximately 20%) and a reduced intermediate fraction (around 10%). The coarse fraction is made up of whole bricks. The intermediate fraction consists essentially of pieces of bricks and refractory pieces, but also of compact agglomerates of vitrified materials. The fine fraction consists of refractory brick debris, fines and fine agglomerates from mortars, grout and grouting cement for refractory masonry and fines and dust. Brick debris and refractory pieces are mainly from transformed parts and therefore more brittle from refractories. They can also correspond to the qualities of refractories having low mechanical cohesion (magnesia bricks and chromium magnesia, siliceous and aluminous insulators, refractory concrete, etc.). The other fines and dust were found before the dismantling of the furnace on the surface of the refractory parts. These deposits are made up of the entire oven or residues linked to vitrified fuel or more generally deposited and agglomerated on the surface of the bricks. These deposits are found mainly in the rooms.

The chemical composition of the fine fraction varies depending on the area of the oven concerned. Its composition depends in part on the nature of the refractories that made up the area of the furnace in question. It is, moreover, characterized by alkaline contents and suffers, significantly higher than those encountered on average in the furnace. The soluble fraction of the fine fraction is generally high in correlation with the sulfur and alkali contents encountered. We thus observe a fine fraction of composition similar to the whole area of the furnace concerned but of lower quality for reuse in the refractory industry. When the oven zone contains different qualities of refractories, the fine fraction has an average composition linked to the nature of the refractories in mixture and difficult to control. The demolition residue sorting operation is carried out manually on the sorting belt. Sorting performance is closely related to the size and weight of the items to be sorted. This yield is optimum for parts of approximately 2 kg corresponding to a granulometry of 100 mm taking into account an average density of refractories of 2. Sorting becomes harder in terms of working conditions for parts exceeding 10 kg unitary. This yield drops sharply when the items to be sorted have a large size less than 50 mm (0.25 kg each) and become practically impossible when the size is less than 20 mm.

The presence of fines in the materials to be sorted does not make it possible to obtain sorted fractions of superior quality and it is the cause of a significant polluting potential of these fractions. It is also a source of dust explosion, detrimental to the quality of the working atmosphere.

This drawback can be reduced by the installation of an air extraction and treatment system, but it is a moderately effective remedy, which complicates the architecture of the installations and increases their cost and that sorting operations. All the constraints weighing on the sorting operation show the advantage of carrying out an operation of separation of fines at least upstream of sorting and at best directly downstream of demolition. The optimal cutoff mesh is given by the technical sorting possibilities and is around 20 mm. The separation of fines can be carried out by inserting a screening step between the feed to the sorting chain and the sorting area. This solution, technically significant, remains difficult to implement on a mobile and compact sorting line.

The unsuitability of the sorting chain described in document DE 93 16 701U for sorting refractory rubble means that currently, the sorting of refractory residues resulting from the demolition of industrial ovens generally takes place on sites belonging to recovery companies. and recovery, where the demolition materials are brought, after dismantling the ovens, or to the demolition sites where there is no treatment infrastructure. The disadvantages of such situations are that they generate several manipulations of the waste from the demolition of the ovens (heaping of waste, loading of trucks, unloading, sorting), which lengthens the processing times and adversely affects the price of returns from recycled materials. All these manipulations constitute an extremely strenuous work, the waste resulting from the demolition work being constituted by blocks of variable weight and dimensions, sometimes heavy and bulky.

An aim of the present invention is, if not to eliminate, at least to reduce very significantly, the constraints resulting from the situation described above.

This objective is achieved, according to the present invention, thanks to a mobile sorting installation mainly comprising: a rolling platform on which are successively mounted, from upstream to downstream, considering the direction of movement of the treated materials: - a hopper for receiving refractory waste, preferably spilled at the top of a vibrating feeder; - a sorting transporter; - a sorting cabin in which a section of said sorting conveyor circulates and comprising, on either side of said section, at least two sorting stations comprising a chute inclined towards the outside, for reception and evacuation materials sorted in the direction of recovery bins or conveyor belts, and a conveyor for the evacuation of unsorted waste, arranged in the extension of the sorting conveyor, this mobile installation being remarkable by the fact that the food has been r vibrating consists of an electromagnetic scalper capable of performing scalping to separate the fines upstream of manual sorting, and in that it comprises a conveyor for discharging the fines, oriented transversely to the longitudinal axis of said installation and loaded by the electromagnetic scalper, this conveyor being preferably mounted so as to be able to occupy one or the other of two posit ions, either: - an active upward position according to which one of its ends is loaded by said electromagnetic scalper, said conveyor rising towards the outside; and, - a retracted rest position, in which said conveyor (10) is placed horizontally under said electromagnetic scalper and perpendicular to the latter.

The insertion of a scalping stage integrated into the vibrating feed located at the head of the sorting installation or chain, that is to say upstream of the sorting, makes it possible to obtain sorted fractions top quality and reduce the polluting potential of these fractions, the sorting operation thus being facilitated by the prior separation of the non-sortable fraction.

The quality of the cut-off obtained by the scalper is certainly lower than that obtained by a conventional screening operation, but remains satisfactory taking into account the nature of the refractory residues from the demolition of ovens characterized by the presence of two distinct fr an am l ametric fractions. Optimal separation of fines is obtained by the interposition of a scalping stage with a length of approximately 1000 mm and having a spacing of 50 mm at the opening.

It is understood that the installation according to the invention allows the sorting of refractory waste resulting from the dismantling of industrial ovens, on demolition sites, in a much easier and faster manner, compared to the exclusively manual deferred sorting methods. It is a completely autonomous installation, allowing sorting of refractory waste of variable dimensions, the diameters of which can range up to about 80 cm, with flow rates of the order of 10 to 100 tonnes / hour. The aims, characteristics and advantages above, and others still, will emerge more clearly from the description which follows and from the appended drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a schematic front view of the mobile sorting installation according to the invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of FIG. 1.

Figure 3 is a sectional view on a larger scale along line 3-3 of Figure 1.

Figure 4 is a sectional view at a larger scale along line 4-4 of figure 1.

Figure 5 is a sectional view on a larger scale along line 5-5 of Figure 1.

Figure 6 is a sectional view on a larger scale along line 6-6 of Figure 1.

Figure 7 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of an electromagnetic scalper.

FIG. 8 is a plan view and in section along line 8-8 of FIG. 7.

FIG. 9 is a front view and in section along line 9-9 of FIG. 8.

Reference is made to said drawings to describe an interesting, although in no way limiting, embodiment of the mobile sorting installation according to the invention.

This installation can be carried out in the form of a semi-trailer or trailer arranged to be able to be coupled to a tractor vehicle; it is therefore provided, at the front, with a coupling system (not shown), known per se, enabling it to be fixed, in a removable manner, to the rear of a tractor vehicle, the attached drawings representing a mode of execution in the form of a semi - r emo r that. The sorting installation comprises a platform 1 carried by wheels 2. According to the example illustrated, a platform 1 is equipped with two pairs of wheels 2, arranged in the rear part of the semi-trailer and with two pairs of retractable stands (not shown) located in front of and behind the platform.

On this rolling platform, successively installed from upstream to downstream, considering the direction of movement of the treated materials: - a hopper 3 for receiving refractory waste; - a vibrating feeder 4; - a fine discharge conveyor 10;

- a sorting transporter 5;

- a sorting cabin 6 in which a horizontal section of said sorting conveyor circulates; - A conveyor 7 for removing unsorted waste. The platform 1 comprises two sections arranged in different horizontal planes, namely:

a first section 1a mounted on the wheels 2 and on which the hopper 3 are installed, the feed has been vibrating 4 and the upstream portion of the sorting conveyor 5, and,

- A second section 1b supporting the sorting cabin 6, the downstream portion of the sorting conveyor 5 and the conveyor 7 for removing unsorted waste, this second section 1b being raised relative to said first section 1a.

Preferably, the upstream end of the installation is provided with a removable ramp 8 having the function of facilitating the approach and the positioning of the loading machines, relative to the hopper. This ramp can be raised and fixed, by means of articulations, to the upstream transverse edge of the platform. The pivoting movements of this ramp are ensured by lateral jacks 9 fixed, by means of articulations, to said ramp and to the longitudinal edges of the platform 1. The ramp 8 can thus occupy two positions, either:

- an active inclined position according to which its free end is placed in contact with the ground; - A rest position according to which it is raised in a vertical or substantially vertical plane.

It can also consist of two symmetrical ramps fixed by means of hooks, on the upstream transverse edge of the platform. In the "road" position, the ramps 8 are stored in lockers, under the platform 1. The hopper 3 is fixed above the feed element and has been vibrating primary 4 into which it pours.

The vibrating primary has a tilted downstream position and it discharges onto the underlying upstream end of an ascending section 5a of the sorting conveyor 5.

According to a first characteristic arrangement of the invention, this primary vibrating feeder 4 is constituted by an electromagnetic scalper known per se.

An exemplary embodiment of such a scalper and its operation is illustrated in FIGS. 7 to 9, this scalping feeder (re screened) is in the form of a metal trough 4a 800 mm wide by 3000 mm thick. long loaded under the feed hopper 3. The scalping feeder is supported by elastic supports 4b constituted by springs or rubber blocks. Electromagnetic or unbalanced vibrators 4c installed under and at the rear of the trough 4a give the feeder a vibrating oscillating movement which makes it possible to extract the materials from the hopper and to advance them.

The rear part of the bottom 4d of the trough 4a of the feed has been rs cal little r is full and used to receive and extract the products from the hopper. The bottom of the front part of the ali men tat eu rs cal peu r consists of bars or beams 4e fixed in the longitudinal direction ⁽ direction of advancement of the product) and spaced apart from each other by about 30 mm so as to allow fine materials to filter through an underlying chute 4g. The beams have a slightly convergent shape towards the front of the machine, so that the space between the beams becomes wider and wider, the more the product advances, so as to avoid jamming of blocks of dimensions close to that of the spacing of the bars. The pre-screening part of the feed at rs ca Ipeur can be made up of two series of beams 4e ', 4e "separated by a step 4f allowing the products to be mixed during their fall and to obtain better pre-screening. 4f generally has a height corresponding to that of the side members (approximately 100 mm).

The scalper allows, as indicated above, to remove fines smaller than 25 mm, the presence of which would hinder sorting and would be a source of pollution, upstream of manual sorting.

On the other hand, under the fine unloading part (F) of the element has been primary vibrating scalper 4 is disposed a conveyor 10 for evacuating the latter. This conveyor 10 is oriented transversely with respect to the longitudinal axis of the installation and it extends towards the outside on one of the sides of the latter, in the operating position, so as to evacuate and discharge fines in a bag or in a B1 container placed below its overflow end (Figure 3).

It can be constituted by a conveyor belt known per se and, advantageously, this conveyor can be retracted below the lower part of the food at primary vibrating scalpers 4, during periods of non-operation of the installation (dashed line in Figure 3).

For this, the conveyor 10 is equipped with a quick fastening system at the foot and hooks for securing at the head allowing it to be suspended in an ascending orientation, to a fixed structure of the assembly t rem aly li at at r , for example by means of chains or cables 11. In this way, this transporter can occupy one or the other of two positions, either: - An active upward position according to which one of its ends is loaded by the feed at eu rs ca Ipeu r vibrating 4, said conveyor rising towards the outside; and, - a retracted rest position according to which said conveyor is placed horizontally under the feed at eu r-sca l little r vibrating 4 and perpendicular to the latter.

The sorting conveyor is, for example, constituted by a flat belt conveyor, and it comprises at least two sections:

- an ascending section 5a laden under the a l i ent has been r 4, and

- A horizontal section 5b laden under the overflow end of the ascending section 5a and disposed longi t ud i na lement in the center of the sorting cabin 6, the strand loaded with this horizontal section constituting the sorting belt or table installation.

An electromagnetic separator or separator 18, for example of the overband type, can advantageously be installed above the initial part 5a of the sorting conveyor 5 (FIGS. 2 and 6), to remove any metal parts present upstream of the sorting. , which are poured into a bag or bin B4, via a chute 21.

The sorting belt moves at a speed which can be of the order of 0.05 to 0.5 m / s.

The sorting cabin comprises, for example, two side walls 6a and a roof 6b. The upstream end of the sorting cabin 6 is partially closed by a transverse wall 6c provided with an opening 01 for the passage of the sorting conveyor 5, while the upper part of the downstream end of said cabin is closed by a wall 6d disposed above an opening 02 for the passage of the conveyor 7 for evacuating the unsorted. The sorting cabin is arranged so as to comprise at least two sorting stations P on each side of the sorting belt 5b.

Each sorting station is equipped with a chute 12 for discharging the sorted materials, these chutes in the form of pockets or funnels are arranged opposite openings 03 formed in the side walls 6a of the sorting cabin 6, and are discharged laterally, outside the cabin, in B2 bags or trays resting on the ground.

Above the entry 12a of the trunking 12, and on the outside of said entry, is fixed, against the side wall 6a, of the cabin 6, a deflector shield 13, constituted by a robust steel plate having a curvature concave. When a sorter retains a block of refractory material which does not fall into the category of refractory product which it must deposit in the chute placed close to it, it can throw it in the direction of the chute placed facing it ⁽ in the case, of course, where the latter is assigned to the reception of products of the category of material intercepted by mistake or not). Thanks to this arrangement, the impacts resulting from the thrown blocks are supported without damage by said shield which directs them into the entrance to the underlying chute. The lower part of the chutes 12 which, in the working position, extends outside the side walls 6a of the cabin 6, is constituted by a flap 14 which can be raised by means of a winch 15 and flexible links such as chains or cables 16. The tilting hatches 14 are capable of occupying one or the other of two positions, either:

- an inclined position in which said hatches 14 extend outside the side walls 6a of the sorting cabin 6, by unmasking the openings 03 for discharging the sorted materials ⁽ part right in Figure 5);

- A vertical position raised in which they close said openings (left part of Figure 5). This characteristic arrangement fulfills two functions:

- It makes it possible to close the outlet openings 03 for the sorted materials by constituting provisional receiving pockets for said materials, during the time necessary for removing the filled B1 trays and replacing them with empty trays, so that this substitution can be done without stopping sorting;

- it makes it possible to raise the projecting parts formed by the tilting hatches 14 constituting the extension of the troughs 12, inside a volume delimited by the sides of the cabin 6.

Each side wall 6a of the cabin 6, may further include an opening 04 disposed between the locations of the sorting stations and extending over the entire height of said wall. These openings give access to the interior of the cabin, for example, by means of removable ladders 17.

Advantageously, the evacuation conveyor for the unsorted 7 is retractable, inside the sorting cabin, below the horizontal section of the sorting conveyor (drawn in broken lines in FIG. 1), and parallel to this one, outside the periods of use. The downstream end of the conveyor 7 is subject to a winch (not shown) carried by a fixed element from the upper part of the downstream end of the cabin 6, for example by means of flexible links such as chains or cables 20. D on the other hand, the upstream end of the conveyor 7 can be arranged so as to allow it to slide on longitudinal rails (not shown) fitted to the floor of the cabin. When the conveyor 7 is in the horizontal "retracted" position below the horizontal portion of the sorting conveyor 5, it can be removed from the cabin 6, by means of the winch, and placed in an inclined upward working position in which it extends outwards from the downstream end of the sorting cabin 6, its lower upstream end being loaded under the overhanging end of the sorting conveyor 5, while its upper downstream end can be discharged at a height compatible with the loading of large capacity B3 skips placed below said downstream end and resting on the ground.

It is observed that the sorting cabin 6 and the transporter 7 are supported by the raised portion 1b of the platform 1, so that bags or bins B2 and bins B3, respectively, of large capacity can be used for the reception of the materials discharged by the sorting chutes 12 and said transporter 7.

The sorting installation is powered by a generator 19 which makes it completely autonomous. This generator set is positioned, during transport, in a removable manner, on a frame rigidly secured to the platform 1, above the inclined part 5a of the conveyor 5.

All the components of the installation which comprise a part extending outside a volume delimited by vertical planes passing through the edges of the platform 1, are retractable inside this volume, for example to allow the displacement of the semi-trailer on the road, in a single convoy respecting the road gauges.

Claims

1. - Mobile sorting installation, for sorting refractory waste from the demolition of industrial ovens, comprising a platform (1) mounted on wheels (2) and on which are successively installed, from upstream to downstream considering the direction of movement of the treated materials:

- a receiving hopper (3), pouring out, preferably at the top of a vibrating feeder (4);

- a sorting conveyor (5);

- a sorting cabin (6) in which a section (5b) of said sorting conveyor ⁽ 5) circulates and comprising, on either side of said section, at least two sorting stations (P), characterized in that l 'ali ent at eu r vibrating (4) consists of an electromagnetic scalper capable of performing scalping to separate the fines (F) upstream of manual sorting.

2. - Mobile sorting installation according to re endication 1, characterized in that it comprises a conveyor ⁽ 10) for discharging the fines ⁽ F) disposed under the portion for discharging the fines from the food at eu rs cal little r (4) and oriented trans ersally with respect to the longitudinal axis of said installation, this conveyor (10) being loaded by said food has been rs cal little r vibrating (4), and preferably mounted so as to be able to occupy one or other of the two positions, either: - an active upward position according to which one of its ends is loaded by said feed at eur-sca l little r vibrating (4), said conveyor s' raising towards the outside; and, - A retracted rest position, according to which said conveyor (10) is placed horizontally under said food at eu rs ca Ipeu r vibrating ⁽ 4) and perpendicular thereto.

3. - mobile sorting installation according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the carrying platform (1) comprises two sections (1a, 1b) placed in different horizontal planes, the sorting cabin ⁽ 6) being installed on the raised section (1b) of said platform.

4. - mobile sorting installation according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that its upstream end, considering the direction of movement of the materials to be sorted, is equipped with a removable ramp ⁽ 8 ⁾ allowing, at a loader to feed the primary hopper (3).

5. - mobile sorting installation according to re endication 1, characterized in that the sorting conveyor (5) consists of at least two sections, either: - an ascending section (5a) loaded under the feed at eu rs ca l peu r (4), and

- a horizontal section (5b), the strand loaded with this horizontal section constituting the carpet or sorting table of the installation.

6. - mobile sorting installation according to claim 1, characterized in that each sorting station ⁽ P) of the sorting cabin (6) comprises a chute ⁽ 12) in the form of a pocket or funnel, disposed opposite d '' an opening (03) formed in the side wall (6a) of said cabin, the lower part of the troughs (12) being constituted by a tilting hatch (14) capable of occupying one or the other two positions, either:

- an inclined position in which said hatches ⁽ 14) extend outside the side walls ⁽ 6a) of the sorting cabin ⁽ 6 ⁾ , by unmasking the openings (03) for removing the sorted materials;

- A vertical position raised according to which they close said openings.

7. - mobile sorting installation according to claim 6, characterized in that a deflector shield (13) is arranged above each chute (12) against the side wall (6a) of the sorting cabin.

8. - mobile sorting installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a conveyor ⁽ 7 ⁾ arranged in the extension of the sorting conveyor ⁽ 5) for the evacuation of sorting residues, this conveyor (7) unloading unsorted waste at a height compatible with the loading of large capacity bins ⁽ B3).

9. - mobile sorting installation according to claim 8, characterized in that the conveyor (7) for evacuating unsorted waste, is retractable, so that this conveyor is capable of occupying one or the other of two positions, either:

- an "out" position in which it extends outwards from the downstream end of the sorting cabin (6);

- A "retracted" position in which it is placed in a horizontal position, below the horizontal portion (5b) of the sorting conveyor ⁽ 5).

10. - mobile sorting installation according to one of claims 1 or 5, characterized in that a magnetic separator (18) is installed upstream of the sorting, above the initial portion ⁽ 5a) of the sorting conveyor ( 5).