FR2764526A1 - Mobile installation for processing of household rubbish - Google Patents

Abstract

The installation for the on site processing of household rubbish is constituted by an assembly comprising two road size units (A,B). One unit (A) comprises, placed on a chassis, a feed hopper (1) with cutting bars formed by inclined floating bars. A rotating sieve (3) is connected to the hopper by an inclined conveyor system (2). The rotating sieve has on its sides elastically held canvases for channelling to the evacuation conveyor. There is also a metal removal assembly (9,11). The other unit (B) comprises a recovery system of light pieces constituted by a ventilating fan and a recovery cage for these light elements. The second unit is able to be coupled to the downstream end of the first unit by means of a conveyor (4). The installation is able to separate and remove metal pieces from light pieces.

Description

MULTI-PURPOSE MOBILE PROCESSING INSTALLATION
ON SITE OF HOUSEHOLD WASTE
The present invention relates to the treatment of waste of household origin and more particularly of sorting / screening for recycling recyclable materials and reduction / elimination of traditional storage in the state of household waste.

 The growing problems of disposing of household waste are well known, particularly in terms of hygiene, safety and the environment.

 Both national and international legislation on the storage and treatment of such waste, the tonnage of which is increasing from year to year, is becoming increasingly restrictive.

 Part of the household waste is always stored, as is, in more or less controlled sites. Another part is eliminated in incineration units.

 Incineration allows, by a thermo-chemical decomposition, a significant reduction in volumes. However, as efficient as the furnaces are, there remains between 25 and 30% of solid residues by weight (ie 10% by volume).

 These residues decompose roughly between, on the one hand, fly ash trapped in the fumes, and, on the other hand, and for the most part, slag.

 Until recently, these slags were essentially simply transported and stored in landfill sites, implying relatively high per ton costs.

 Also, recently, sectors of valorization of these clinkers have developed, but the organization of these sectors is difficult, because it is necessary to create specialized centers in the preparation of the products, by making the link between the operators of units of incineration, waste treatment groups, public works contractors and potential users.

 By clinker, is meant the main solid residue resulting from the combustion of garbage collected at the base of the furnace generally after a wet extinction. Its water content is high when leaving the factory. It is then in the form of a blackish material, odorous and clogging, with a density ranging from 1.4 to 1.8.

 Its post-compaction lift characteristics are relatively high, similar to those of a crushed gravel, with no clay particles giving it low sensitivity to water. These qualities make it a sought-after material despite the need for appropriate and controlled development for reuse.

 Prior to any use, the raw slag must undergo a screening and de-ironing treatment to eliminate unwanted elements. This operation is eventually followed by a maturation phase during which the chemical reactions will develop and gradually stabilize the product.

 With regard to household refuse that is not incinerated and stored as it is, there are the same problems of sorting / screening treatment in order, on the one hand, to valorize the recoverable materials and, on the other hand, to eliminate non-recoverable materials, either by incinerating them or by storing them in sites designed for that purpose and controlled, in accordance with the legislation.

 There is therefore a growing need for facilities suitable for such treatments under economically acceptable conditions, and capable of intervention on the very sites of storage or preparation of the materials to be treated, efficiently, quickly, reliable and adaptable to the nature of said materials.

 The present invention is specifically intended to provide such an installation likely to meet the various needs currently existing.

 To this end, the subject of the invention is a mobile installation for on-site treatment of waste of household origin, in particular slag, characterized in that it consists of an assembly comprising at least two units of the road gauge, which can be displaced. independently, towed or carried, one of which comprises, arranged on the same undercarriage, a feed hopper with cut-off bar consisting of floating inclined bars, a trommel connected to the feed hopper by a conveying system and mounted inclined, the inclination and the speed of rotation of the trommel cylinder being adjustable, said trommel having below an evacuation conveyor and on its sides elastically stretched canvases for channeling the loops in the direction of said conveyor, and at least one set of The other unit includes a non-weight recovery system consisting of a wind tunnel and a recovery cage. light elements, said second unit being capable of being, in the operating position of the installation, coupled to the downstream end of the first unit via a return conveyor.

 The first unit may advantageously furthermore comprise a second set of deflashing, one being intended for the treatment of passers-by and the other for the treatment of refusals.

 For example, the deflashing assemblies consist of a permanent magnet band separator mounted on a gantry and disposed above a retractable conveyor. The separator-conveyor assembly is embeddable on the carrier unit.

 The conveyor of the release assembly downstream of the trommel is advantageously the return conveyor between the trommel and said light element recovery system of the second unit.

 Such an installation is particularly suitable for treating slag.

 It can also be used for the treatment of household waste and more precisely of old garbage dumps or wild, of course with the adaptation of the characteristics in particular of the feed hopper and trommel to the materials to be treated and the adding a third manual sorting unit comprising a conveyor and one or more manual sorting stations, said conveyor being, in the operating position of the installation, arranged as a recovery conveyor associated with the recovery system of the nonresponders of the second unit.

Other features and advantages of the installation according to the invention will emerge from the following description of embodiments, description given by way of example only and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
- Figure 1 is a schematic top view of an installation of
treatment of bottom ash according to the invention, in operating position
- Figure 2 is a schematic side elevational view of the unit of
the installation including the feed hopper and the trommel
- Figure 3 is an end view of the feed hopper
- Figure 4 is a perspective of the trommel
- Figure 5 is a partial detail view of the assembly of the rollers
trommel decolmers
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the upstream end of the trommel
- Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating the circulation of passers-by and
refusal in the trommel
- Figure 8 is a schematic sectional view of the trommel
FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a band separator
- Figure 10A is a schematic side view of a system of
blower recovery of the second unit
FIG. 10B illustrates a variant embodiment
- Figure 11 is a schematic top view of an installation according to
the invention intended for the treatment of refuse dumps,
and
- Figure 12 is a schematic side elevational view of a
third manual sorting unit.

 The installation shown schematically in Figure 1 is for the treatment of slag and is represented in running order.

 It comprises a feed hopper 1 connected by a conveyor belt 2 to a trommel 3 downstream of which is disposed a recovery conveyor 4 conveying the refusal to a system 5 of non-weightless recovery. The refusals are then evacuated by a lateral recovery conveyor 6 on a storage area 7.

 8a, 8b are schematized a system of two conveyors in series taking the loops upstream of the trommel 3, routing them to a deflacking station 9, then to a storage area 10.

 In 11 is schematized a second deflacking station arranged on the conveyor 4 to evacuate rejections of the trommel 3.

 The set of means 1 to 4, 8a, 9 and 11 is grouped together to form a mobile unit A illustrated in FIG.

 For this purpose, on a chassis 12 are mounted or installed, in the sequence of the sequence of operations, the feed hopper 1, the conveyor belt 2 passers of the hopper at the upstream end of the trommel 3 and finally, at the downstream end of the trommel 3, the rejection recovery conveyor 4.

 The frame 12 shown in Figure 2 is a semitrailer frame, provided with wheels 13 at one end, retractable legs 14 arranged in several places to sit on the floor at the place of treatment, the unit A stably.

 In FIG. 2, the clearance assembly 11 is shown, arranged transversely to the conveyor 4 and whose elements, during the displacement of the unit A, are disassembled and installed on the frame 12, in a manner not shown on FIG. the figure. It is the same with the release assembly 9 and the conveyor 8a, not shown in Figure 2 and which, for the displacement of the unit A, are also installed on the frame 12. The deflower assemblies are installed on the chassis as compact as possible while keeping the road gauge for road travel of unit A.

 In a variant, the deflashing assemblies 9, 11 may be arranged transversely to the conveyor 2 for unclamping before screening.

 The means constituting the system 5 for recovering non-equivalents are grouped on a second unit B shown in greater detail in FIGS. 10A and 10B.

 Conveyors 6 and 8b are constituted by means independent of units A and B, for example means located on the slag treatment site.

 The hopper 1 is a cutoff bar hopper (FIG. 3) comprising a body with side walls 16, a horizontal conveyor belt 17 at the bottom and, at the upper part and above the conveyor 17, a set of bars 18 arranged at the way of an inclined comb towards a container 19 for receiving refusals.

 The bars 18 are mounted floating in that they are articulated at their upper end about an axis 20 parallel to the direction of movement of the belt 17, that is to say the axis of the frame 12 of the unit A .

 The bars 18 rest by gravity in the same inclined plane, their lower end being free as shown in FIG.

 The set of bars is mounted on a frame 21 that can be lifted by jacks 22 for discharging the refusals towards the container 19, this lifting position not being illustrated in the figure.

 The belt 2 is inclined, its upstream low end taking up the loops of the hopper A conveyed by the belt 17. The trommel 3, as illustrated by FIGS. 4 to 8, comprises a cylinder or cage 23 of adjustable inclined axis and driven in rotation at a speed also adjustable.

 The cylinder 23 comprises, in the embodiment shown, four annular sets 24a to 24d of screening screens, removable.

 The meshes of the various grids are adapted to the heterogeneity of the materials to be treated.

 For example, the grids select passers of particle size 040 mm forming the fines stored on the area 10.

 Below the cylinder 23 is arranged a conveyor belt 25 responsible for raising the loops from the lower downstream end to the upstream upper end (Figure 7) where they are taken by the conveyor 8a to be routed to said area 10 , after stripping in 9.

 On the flanks of the cylinder 23, substantially facing the lower half-portion, are arranged two rows of webs 26 stretched elastically so as to return the loops in the direction of the conveyor 25.

 The cylinder 23 is provided with a series of four in-line rollers 27 for unclogging the grids 24a to 24d.

 The rollers 27, for example brushes whose radial elements are made of nylon or rubber, are resiliently pressed against the outer wall of the cylinder 23 by means of a device illustrated in FIG. 5. For this purpose, the rollers 27 are mounted free in rotation on a frame 28 articulated at 29 on the cylinder support frame, the frame 28 being pressed towards the cylinder by spring devices 30.

 FIGS. 4 and 6 show the conveyor 4 at the downstream end of the trommel, the conveyor being in the folded position and raised in FIG. 4 and in the extended working position in FIG. retractable sides of release of refusals.

 The belt separators 9 and they are for example devices of the type called "overband" and consists (Figure 9) of a magnetic plate 32 surrounded by a belt 33 of discharge. The assembly is suspended transversely above the upper run of the conveyor concerned (8a, 4), with the aid of a removable gantry symbolized at 34. The ferrous metals 35 are thus discharged towards a container or recovery bucket 36.

 The unit B for recovering the non-weighting elements comprises (FIG. 10A) a blower 37 placed under the conveyor 4 at its downstream end. When the material discharged by the conveyor 4 on the recovery conveyor 6 run past the mouth of the blower 37, the non-weighted elements 38 are blown towards a recovery cage 39 under which is placed a recovery bucket 40.

 The two elements 37 and 39 are carried by a mobile structure similar to the unit A and constituting the unit B, the conveyor 6, as mentioned above, being independent of the units A and B, as well as the conveyor 8b and that various skips or containers 19, 36, 40.

 In a variant, the conveyor 4 can be dissociated from the unit A and associated with the unit B, as illustrated by FIG. 10B, which represents a monobloc welded assembly on which are grouped a main conveyor 4, a reception trough R to recover the materials to the trommel quarry, a deflasher 11, a blower assembly 37 and an electrical cabinet E for the servo all elements.

 We will now describe in more detail the operation of the installation shown schematically in Figure 1, after implementation and connection of the various parts.

 We will first of all remind that the clinker is composed of very different materials because the combustion does not affect identically all the waste. It is found in varying proportions: scrap iron, non-ferrous metals, glass, mineral materials (stone, bricks, concrete ...), ashes resulting from well-burned materials and, in small quantities, materials unburned (papers, rags, ...).

 Since clinker is wet-quenched, it is a particularly clogging product with a high water content (w> 18%).

 It is poured into the hopper 1 by a loader for example, the bars 18 being spaced apart for a cutoff of 125 mm, for example.

 The inclined and floating mounting of the bars 18 has the consequence of the small deposits of material on the bars and an easy rejection of the refusal hopper during the lifting of all the bars by the cylinders 22. To further reduce the possible deposits of material on the bars 18, they can be made cylindrical and subjected to vibration by an unbalance device for example embedded on the unit A.

 It is very easy to modify according to the nature of the clinker to treat the spacing of the bars 18, or even to remove the bar completely if the quality of the clinker allows it.

 Furthermore, in general, to avoid fouling of the installation, the various conveyors will consist of carpets or strips whose return strand will pass on appropriate strip scrapers, taking into account for example the abrasiveness of the product treaty.

 Trommel 3 is particularly suitable for screening slags loaded with heterogeneous materials.

 Indeed, the reversal movement in the cylinder 23 causes not only the gravitational drop of the product and its burst on the grids 24a to 24d, but also the interlocking between the different weighting elements.

The setting parameters of the screening are the inclination of the cylinder 23, the speed of rotation, the choice and the possible replacement of the grids 24a to 24d. The combined actions put into play in the trommel 3 effectively allow, compared with a conventional grid screen, to limit the "dowelling" (fixing of iron tips in the mesh of the grid), to provoke the bursting amalgams of clinker and "cleaning" scrap (tin cans, etc ...)
The screen obtained, for example at the mesh of 40 mm, is evacuated by the lateral recovery mat 8a and subjected to a stripping at 9.

 The clinker in its fine fraction is stored in windrows on the area 10 where it can be taken back for direct use or left maturing a few months for stabilization purposes.

 The unclogging of the grids of the cylinder 23 is ensured permanently by the rollers 27, the radial elements of which penetrate into the cylinder during its rotation.

 The walls 26 are kind of tarpaulins stretched like a drum skin and are made of a relatively rigid and resistant material but providing an elastic return effect. The walls 26 are for example rubber sheets.

 The refusals of the trommel 3 consist of minerals, scrap and unburnt are taken by the conveyor 4, deferrés 11, then forwarded to the station (5) recovery of unburnt light elements (papers, rags, plastics, etc ... ).

 The refusals (for example 40/200) thus removed are finally conveyed to the storage area 7.

 These refusals will then undergo a crushing and ironing in the facility.

 The irons recovered at stations 9, 1 1 are reused and sent to the foundry. As for the papers, plastics, rags etc. recovered at station 5, they are sent either to incineration or to the landfill.

 The cylinder of the trommel 3 may optionally be covered or tarpaulin or even equipped with a dust suppression system by misting.

 The energy required for the installation is provided either by an on-board hydraulic diesel generator or a generator from which the electrical and hydraulic energies necessary for the control and control of the various devices of the installation are obtained, either by the network existing electricity, either by these two types of source.

 Figure 11 illustrates an installation according to the invention more specifically adapted to the on-site treatment of old garbage dumps.

For this purpose, the installation comprises the same chain of sorting / screening means as that of FIG. 1, namely a feed hopper 1 ', a conveyor 2', a trommel 3 ', a conveyor system 8' of resumption trommel passers with a 9 'ironing station, a conveyor 4' resumption of refuse trommel with a deflacking station 11 ', the assembly being grouped together to form a unit A' mobile similar to the unit A, and
Downstream of the conveyor 4 ', a device 5' for the recovery of non-weighting constituting a mobile unit B 'similar to the unit B.

The installation is simply completed by a third mobile unit
C constituted (FIG. 12) of a conveyor belt 6 'replacing the conveyor 6 of FIG. 1 and conveying the refusals to one or more manual sorting stations 41.

 The assembly 6'-41 is installed on a parallelepipedic carrier structure 42 constituting said unit C and which is easily transportable on a semi-trailer platform for example.

 Containers or independent containers 43 complete the unit C in operation to receive sorted materials and residuals.

 The characteristics and parameters of the various devices of this installation are, of course, adapted to the nature of the waste to be treated, in particular the characteristics of the bar of the feed hopper 1 ', the trommel 3' and the stripping assemblies 9 ', 11' .

 The installation according to the invention is thus versatile in its modular nature and adaptable to the nature of the materials to be treated. It is easily transportable and easy to mount on the site to be treated, The set is very compact and can be set up on a reduced site does not require substantial adjustments.

 It works with a small staff to a maintenance mechanic, a driver to feed the hopper and possibly one or more sorters (unit C).

 Once the site is processed, the facility can be moved quickly to another site.

 Finally, the invention is obviously not limited to the embodiments shown and described above, but on the contrary covers all variants, particularly with regard to the structure of the various devices constituting the processing chain, in so far as where the same functionalities are implemented.

Claims (8)

 1. Mobile installation for on-site treatment of domestic waste, including slag, characterized in that it consists of a set comprising at least two units (A, B) of the road gauge, movable autonomously, towed or carried, one of which (A) comprises, arranged on the same supporting frame (12), a feed hopper (1) with a cut-off bar consisting of floating inclined bars (18), a trommel (3) connected to the feed hopper by a conveying system (2) and inclined mounted, the inclination and the rotation speed of the trommel cylinder being adjustable, said trommel (3) having below an evacuation conveyor (25) and on its flanks of elastically tensioned cloths (26) for channeling passers-by towards said conveyor (25), and at least one ironing assembly (9, 11), the other unit (B) comprising a system (5) for recovering nozzles -ponderous consisting of a wind tunnel (37) and a cage (39) for recovering the light elements, said second unit (B) being capable of being, in the operating position of the installation, coupled to the downstream end of the first unit (A) by the intermediate of a recovery conveyor (4).  2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that said recovery conveyor (4) is associated with either the unit (A) or the unit (B).  3. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that said first unit (A) comprises a second set of déferrage, one (9) being intended for the treatment of loops trommel (3) and the other (11) to refusal processing.  4. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises one or more deflower assemblies arranged transversely to said conveying system (2) to perform a deflear before screening.  5. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the deflacking assemblies (9, 11) consist of a gantry-mounted permanent magnet strip separator (3, 4) and disposed above a retractable conveyor (4, 8a), the separator-conveyor assembly being embeddable on the carrier unit (A).  6. Installation according to claims 1 and 3, characterized in that the conveyor of the deflower assembly downstream of the trommel (3) constitutes the recovery conveyor (4) between the trommel and said system (5) of recovery elements light of the second unit (B).  7. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the trommel (3) is provided with declogging rollers (27) pressed elastically against the screening grids of the cylinder (23).  8. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 7, more particularly for the treatment of garbage dumps, characterized in that it further comprises a third unit (C) for manual sorting comprising a conveyor (6). ') and one or more manual sorting stations (41), said conveyor being, in the operating position of the installation, arranged as a recovery conveyor associated with the system (5) for recovering the non-weightings of the second unit (B).