WO1999001591A1 - Procede de separation du technetium d'une solution nitrique - Google Patents
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- WO1999001591A1 WO1999001591A1 PCT/FR1998/001425 FR9801425W WO9901591A1 WO 1999001591 A1 WO1999001591 A1 WO 1999001591A1 FR 9801425 W FR9801425 W FR 9801425W WO 9901591 A1 WO9901591 A1 WO 9901591A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C1/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions
- C25C1/22—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions of metals not provided for in groups C25C1/02 - C25C1/20
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/007—Recovery of isotopes from radioactive waste, e.g. fission products
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/04—Treating liquids
- G21F9/06—Processing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for the separation of technetium from a nitric solution of technetium by means of electrolysis. More particularly the invention relates to the separation of technetium-99 of chemical formula Tc0 4 "also called Te (VII) or pertechnetate, from a nitric solution by electrodeposition of metallic technetium, corresponding to Tc (0) also called Tc raét , and Tc0 2 , H 2 0, corresponding to Tc (IV).
- Tc0 4 also called Te (VII) or pertechnetate
- Technetium nitric solutions are, for example, solutions resulting from the reprocessing of irradiated nuclear fuels, and more generally from the treatment of radioactive waste.
- the method of the invention allows a decrease in the ⁇ activity of these nitric solutions.
- This separation process can be followed by a vitrification process for storage of the technetium extracted from these solutions.
- the process of the invention finds, for example, an application in the separation of technetium-99, of solutions resulting from the "PUREX" process of counter-current liquid-liquid extraction for the reprocessing of irradiated nuclear fuels.
- This process uses a concentrated nitric acid solution as an extraction solution, and the technetium-99 accumulating in this solution can reach concentrations of 150 to 200 mg / 1, for nitric concentrations up to 3.5 to 4.5 mol / 1.
- This extraction solution can also contain, in trace amounts, other elements resulting from nuclear combustion such as 106 Ru, 134 Cs, 137 Cs, 144 Ce, 154 Eu, 125 Sb. Table 1 below shows an example of the results of analysis of the various chemical species present in an extraction solution of the "PUREX" process.
- equations (1) and (2) show that there is formed, in theory, on the cathode, a deposit of a mixture, or mixed deposit, of metallic Te, noted Tc met according to equation (1), and of Tc0 2 , 2H 2 0 according to the equation
- a faradic electrolysis yield defined as the ratio between the number of coulombs passed through the electrolysis cell and the quantity of Te deposited on the surface of the cathode.
- the two preceding reaction equations (1) and (2) show that the quantity of Tc met and Tc0 2 , 2H 2 0 deposited on the cathode and therefore the chemical yield of the electrolysis is a function firstly of the technetium concentration at the start of the electrolysis and secondly the pH of the aqueous technetium solution.
- the technetium concentration increases, the chemical and faradaic yields of metal Te increase, and when the pH increases the chemical and faradaic yields of Tc m and. decrease.
- the technetium concentration and the pH of the electrolyte solution also influence the stability of the chemical forms of technetium at reduced valences (III) and (IV) compared to the hydrolysis reaction.
- Te concentration of the solution does not change the chemical and faradaic yields of electroplating.
- the pH of the solution increases, the chemical forms Te (III, IV) hydrolyzed including TcO (OH) and TcO (OH) 2 , increase in concentration resulting in a decrease in the chemical yield of the process.
- the electrodeposition of metallic Te of an aqueous solution on the cathode modifies the electrochemical properties of the latter, in particular, it can cause a reduction in the hydrogen boost, that is to say an increase in the decomposition speed electrochemical of water molecules causing an increase in the pH of the solution.
- the value of the hydrogen overvoltage, or overvoltage characterizes the speed of the electrochemical decomposition of water during the electrolysis of aqueous solutions.
- a decrease in the hydrogen boost that is to say an acceleration of the electrochemical decomposition of water can be observed during an electrolysis accompanied by the formation of the cathodic deposit of a metal.
- Such an electrochemical modification can induce a rapid hydrolysis reaction of the electrodeposited species.
- the document US Pat. No. 3,374,157 describes a process for the electrodeposition of metallic technetium on a metallic substrate for the preparation of a source of technetium-99.
- the metallic technetium electrodeposition is carried out from 150 ml of a sulfuric acid solution comprising technetium-99 in the form of ammonium pertechnetate, and a complexing agent stabilizing pertechnetate ions.
- the complexing agents described are oxalic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, glutaric acid, malonic acid, succinic acid and their ammonium salts. These complexing agents are intended for increase the chemical yield of the formation of metallic Te.
- the pH of this solution is between 1 and 2 and the metallic technetium is electrodeposited on a metallic substrate such as copper, nickel, aluminum, silver, gold, stainless steel and platinum.
- reaction equations (3), (4), (5) and (6) illustrate the various possible electrochemical reactions during the electrolysis of an electrolyte solution comprising technetium-99 in the presence of nitrate ions:
- TcffV N0 2 + 2H + ⁇ Tc (V) + NO + H 2 0
- the reaction equation (3) illustrates a cathodic reduction of the nitrate ions to nitrous acid HN0 2 during electrolysis.
- reaction equations (4) and (5) illustrate an oxidation of the Te (III) and Te (IV) ions by nitrous acid with formation of Te (IV) and Tc (V) ions respectively.
- the reaction equation (6) illustrates a slow reaction between the Te (III) ions and the NO 3 "ions resulting in additional formation of nitrous acid in the electrolysis solution.
- reaction equations (3) to (6) show a decrease in the pH of the electrolysis solution. This decrease in pH results in the hydrolysis of the Te (III) and Te (IV) ions and the formation of electrochemically inactive species such as TcO (OH) 2 , (TcO (OH) 2 ) 2 or TcO (OH), causing a decrease in the yield of technetium plating.
- Radiochimica Acta, 1984 v.37, pp. 213-216 describes an electrolytic reduction of technetium-99 test in a nitric medium 0.1 M solution 1 used comprises electrolytic Tc (VII) to 7xl0 ⁇ 3 M.
- the electrolyzer comprises a platinum anode and a cathode in zirconium.
- the current density used is 40 A / m.
- a black amorphous precipitate identified as Tc0 2 , H 2 0 was formed on the cathode. This document constitutes the preamble of claim 1 of the present invention.
- the object of the present invention is precisely to provide a process for the separation of technetium-99 from a nitric solution of technetium consisting in subjecting the nitric solution to electrolysis to electrodeposit technetium on a cathode, said process comprising in addition to the following steps:
- the technetium-99 nitric solution can for example have a nitrate concentration of approximately 3.5 to 4.5 mol / l and a technetium concentration of 150 to 200 mg / l.
- This solution can for example be obtained from reprocessing by the "PUREX" process of irradiated nuclear fuels.
- denitration The removal of nitrates from the nitric solution of technetium, hereinafter called denitration, can be carried out with formic acid or formaldehyde in the presence of a catalyst.
- This elimination can be carried out with formaldehyde, oxalic acid, methanol, sugar, etc. and in general by organic compounds containing one or more of the groups chosen from the group comprising -OH, -COH and / or -COOH, optionally in the presence of a catalyst.
- the catalyst used can be a catalyst comprising platinum, for example a 1% Pt / Si0 2 catalyst.
- the nitric solution, catalyst and formic acid mixture is stirred using nitrogen bubbles and brought to a temperature of approximately 60 to 80 ° C. for approximately 90 minutes.
- a solution is obtained in which the nitrates are not detectable by potentiometry, that is to say have a concentration less than 10 "4 mol / 1.
- formic acid is preferably added in excess relative to the nitrate ions of the nitric solution of technetium.
- the elimination of the nitrates from this nitric solution is then followed by an adjustment of the excess formic acid before the adjustment of the pH, consisting in eliminating this excess, for example by evaporation of the formic acid.
- solution a A technetium solution called solution a) is thus obtained, practically free of nitrate.
- the denitration of the technetium-99 nitric solution makes it possible to obtain a low and stationary concentration of nitrous acid during the electrolysis.
- the solution a) above is then subjected to an adjustment of its pH to a pH of approximately 5.5 to 7.5, preferably a pH of approximately 6 to 7.4, to obtain a solution b) of technetium.
- This adjustment is carried out using a reagent chosen taking into account the constraints linked to the downstream process to the separation of technetium for its storage.
- this adjustment is preferably carried out with the base (CH3) 4 NOH.
- This base (CH 3 ) 4 N0H tetramethylammonium was chosen because the technetium-99 compounds coupled with cations tetraalkylammonium having longer (-CH 2 -) chains have too low a solubility in aqueous solutions.
- the pH adjustment reagent is used in solid form to avoid increasing the volume of the solution.
- adjusting the pH of the solution made it possible to reduce the solubility of Tc0 2 , 2H 2 0 electrodeposited during electrolysis and therefore to increase the yield of technetium electrodeposition.
- the method of the invention has made it possible to demonstrate that the formate ions of the denitration of the nitric solution of technetium stabilize the complexes of Te (III) and of Te (IV), and that the tetramethylammonium ions used to adjust the pH of the denitrified solution increase the solubility of these complexes in aqueous solution.
- the denitration and the adjustment of the pH, according to the process of the invention, can lead to the formation of a tetramethylammonium formate solution comprising the technetium to be separated.
- Te (III) and Te (IV) is preferably 1 M.
- the next step is the step of separating the technetium from solution b) by cathodic electrodeposition of said technetium by electrolysis of this solution b) in an electrolyser.
- one electrolyser comprises at least one anode compartment 10 and at least one cathode compartment.
- the solution b) of technetium is introduced into the cathode compartment of the electrolyser, and into the anode compartment of this electrolyser, a
- the compatible solution for electrolysis can for example be a solution of HC10 4 , of H 2 SO 4 or a solution of nitric acid, preferably a solution of nitric acid.
- Nitric acid was chosen to simplify the reprocessing of effluents from the process of the present invention.
- the anode and cathode compartments are preferably separated by a membrane impregnated by a cation exchanger, in order to avoid the diffusion of technetium ions at valences (III) and (IV) from the compartment (s) ( cathode (s) to the anode compartment (s), and HCOO " ions from the anode compartment (s) to the cathode compartment (s) , followed by their reoxidation to Tc (VII) 30 and to z respectively, which would in fact lead to a marked reduction in the chemical yield of technetium electrodeposition.
- the membrane impregnated with a cation exchanger can be any type of membrane ...
- the membrane used is a "Nafion 417" membrane (registered trademark). This membrane was chosen according to a study of electrical and mechanical characteristics established for different membranes described in the document Aldrichimica Acta 1986, vol. 19, p. 76.
- the cation exchange membrane also makes it possible to create a stationary flow of H + ions from the anode compartment (s) to the cathode compartment (s) thus keeping the acidity of the cathode compartment solution.
- the compatible solution contained in the anode (s) compartment (s) can be used, without being changed, for ten to fifteen consecutive plating tests.
- the anode (s) and cathode (s) compartments of one electrolyser comprise at least one anode and at least one cathode respectively.
- the anode can be made of platinum or graphite.
- the anode is a platinum anode. If the anode is made of graphite, for an electrolysis lasting more than 1 hour, the potential drop on the interface between the graphite and the HN0 3 1M compatible solution must not exceed 600 mV. In fact, when this drop in potential exceeds 600 mV, mechanical degradation of the anode can be observed by the formation of a fine graphite dust contaminating the anode compartment.
- the cathode can be made of graphite, the graphite having two important electrochemical characteristics:
- the first characteristic is that the hydrogen overvoltage on a graphite electrode is high, that is to say of the order of -560 mV / ENH, which makes it possible to obtain faradic yields of significant Te,
- the second characteristic is the large specific surface of graphite.
- Electroplating Tc formula t and / or T c0 2 .2H 2 0 of the cathode alters the surface thereof, resulting in a decrease in problem of its hydrogen overvoltage.
- Graphite overcomes this problem and keeps the hydrogen boost constant.
- the choice of a graphite cathode having a large specific surface area therefore makes it possible to maintain high Faradaic electrodeposition yields for a longer time, and consequently to avoid the hydrolysis of Te with reduced valences in the precathode layer.
- the precathode layer being the layer in which the electrochemical reactions, that is to say the transfer of electrons from the cathode to the species which are reduced in the aqueous phase, take place.
- the ratio of the surface S of the cathode to the volume V of the electrolysis solution of the cathode compartment can be less than 0.5 cm "1 , preferably from 0.2 to 0, 5 cm -1 , preferably from 0.25 to 0.49 cm "1 .
- this S / V ratio decreases, the chemical yield faradic and the speed of plating decrease.
- This S / V ratio can be greater than 0.5 cm -1 , and increasing this ratio can increase the efficiency of technetium electrodeposition.
- the electrolyser may further comprise a reference electrode for measuring the potential of the anode and / or the cathode.
- This reference electrode is preferably a hydrogen electrode also called ENH.
- This electrode placed for example in the cathode compartment, makes it possible to measure the potential of the cathode during electrolysis.
- the electrolysis of solution b) is carried out by passing a direct current between the anode and the cathode.
- the passage of direct current leads to the electrodeposition of technetium in the form of Tc met and / or Tc ⁇ 2 , 2H 2 0 according to the chemical reaction equations (1) and (2) described above.
- the potential of the cathode is kept constant during the electrolysis, and preferably between -0.56 V to -1.36 V relative to ENH.
- a constant cathode potential during electrolysis allows the electrodeposition process to be carried out under galvanostatic conditions.
- a passage from the potential of the cathode from -0.56 V / ENH to -1.36 V / ENH makes it possible to increase the chemical yield of electrodeposition of technetium, and accelerates the electrodeposition of the latter. Decreasing the potential of the cathode to values below about -1.36 V / ENH does not increase the electrodeposition efficiency of technetium.
- the cathode potential interval of -1.16 to -1.36 V / ENH corresponding to current density values of 30 to 50 A / cm 2 respectively, allows a chemical yield of electrodeposition technetium greater than 95%.
- the process of the invention makes it possible to obtain a chemical yield of technetium electrodeposition greater than 95% for a duration of electrolysis of two hours from a nitric solution comprising 4.2 mol / 1 of HN0 3 and 220 mg / 1 technetium.
- Technetium is electrodeposited in the form of Tc formula t and / or T c0 2 .2H 2 0 of the cathode, it can be recovered for example by immersing the cathode in an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution to a boil.
- the reduced valences of Te are the oxidation states + III and + IV. These valences are not very stable in aqueous solutions. Their chemical state in solution has not been much studied.
- Te (IV) + , Tc0 (0H) 2 and 1 polymerized hydroxide (Tc0 (0H) 2 ) 2 can coexist.
- concentration of the different chemical forms is defined by the total Te concentration and the pH value.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an electrolyser for the electrodeposition of technetium according to the method of the invention
- FIG. 2 represents the kinetics of electrodeposition of technetium as a function of the potential of the cathode, expressed as a percentage by weight of technetium electrodeposited on the cathode as a function of the time in minutes of electrolysis, for two different S / V ratios, S being the surface of the cathode of the electrolyser in cm “1 and V the volume of the electrolyte solution of the cathode compartment in cm 3 .
- Example 1 separation of technetium from a nitric solution of technetium from a "PUREX" extraction process. This example is carried out from a nitric solution of technetium comprising 4.2 mol / 1 of HN0 3 and 220 mg / 1 of technetium-99 or Te (VII).
- the 1% Pt / Si0 2 catalyst is prepared by soaking a silica gel in a solution of H 2 PtCl ⁇ followed by reduction of the platinum with hydrazine.
- the denitration is carried out in a glass reactor, thermostatically controlled, with reflux.
- the catalyst 1% Pt / Si0 2 is poured into the reactor with the nitric solution in a solid (catalyst) / liquid (nitric solution) volume ratio of 0.125.
- the concentrated formic acid is then added to the reactor and the whole is mixed by means of nitrogen gas bubbles, at a temperature of 70 ° C, and for approximately 90 minutes to obtain a solution a).
- the pH of solution a) is adjusted by adding 18.8 g of solid tetramethylammonium hydroxide to this solution to obtain a mixture.
- the separation of technetium from this solution b) is carried out by cathodic electrodeposition of said technetium by electrolysis of solution b) in an electrolyser.
- This electrolyser 1 comprises a cathode compartment 3 and two anode compartments 5.
- the cathode compartment includes a graphite cathode 9, a calomel reference electrode 13 saturated and a magnetic bar 19 for stirring the solution b).
- Solution b) is annotated 6 in this figure 1.
- the anode compartments each include a platinum anode 11.
- the cathode compartment 3 is separated from the anode compartments 5 by membranes 7 of cation exchange type "Nafion 417" (registered trademark).
- the cathode 3 and anode 5 compartments are closed by covers 15 provided with gas inlet ports 16 and gas outlet ports 17 to remove the oxygen dissolved in the electrolyte and for additional agitation during the electrolysis, as well as passages from the anodes 11, the cathode 9 and the reference electrode 13 to the saturated calomel.
- the solution b) obtained previously is poured into the cathode compartment 3.
- the S / V ratio is equal to 0.5 cm ⁇ 1 , S being the surface of the cathode and V the volume of solution b).
- the anode compartments 5 are loaded with an electrolyte solution 4 compatible for electrolysis with solution b).
- Solution 4 is a solution of nitric acid HN0 3 at 1 mol / 1.
- the electrolysis was carried out by passing a direct current between the anodes and the cathode so as to maintain a constant cathode potential at -1.36 V / ENH during the electrolysis, corresponding to a current density of 40 A / m 2 .
- the yield of electrodeposited technetium is calculated from measurements of the decrease in the ⁇ activity of solution b) in the cathode compartment, by liquid scintillation measurements.
- the amount of technetium remaining in solution b) after electrolysis is 0.083 mg, an amount of 0.005 mg of technetium having passed into the anode compartment during electrolysis.
- the results of this example are collated in Table 2 below.
- the effect of varying the technetium Te (VII) concentration in solution b) at the start of electrolysis on the electrodeposition efficiency of technetium on the cathode is studied; the effect of the variation of the pH of the solution b) at the start of the electrolysis on the electrodeposition yield of technetium on the cathode; and the effect of the variation of the cathode potential compared to the normal hydrogen electrode, E cat / ENH, on the electrodeposition efficiency of technetium on the cathode.
- Example 2 These examples are carried out in the same way as Example 1, by varying at least one of the three parameters mentioned above: the concentration of Te (VII) from 0.25 to 2.5 mg / 10 ml of solution b), the pH from 5.5 to 7.5 and the potential of the cathode E cat / ENH from -0.96 to -1.36 V / ENH.
- This example illustrates the effect of the variation of the ratio of the surface of the cathode S and the volume V of the solution b) in the cathode compartment, on the chemical yield of electrodeposition of technetium on the cathode.
- the electrolysis solution b) comprises 2.17 mg of technetium (VII) for a volume of 10 ml, it is adjusted to a pH of 7.37 and the potential applied to the cathode is -0.96 V / ENH .
- the S / V ratio is equal to 0.25 cm "1 .
- Example 12 illustrates well the importance of the S / V ratio on the efficiency of technetium plating on the cathode. When S / V decreases, the efficiency of plating also decreases.
- This example is a study of the kinetics of electrodeposition of technetium on the cathode as a function of the potential of the cathode E cat , measured with respect to the normal hydrogen electrode in V.
- the potential of the cathode is varied from -0, 56 V / ENH to -1.36 V / ENH.
- Solution b) used in this example comprises 2 mg of technetium per 10 ml of solution b), and its pH is adjusted to 7.37.
- the kinetic curves (1) and (2) show that the displacement of the cathode potential from -0.56 V / ENH to -1.36 V / ENH increases the yield of the process and accelerates it.
- the maximum electrodeposition efficiency is obtained with a cathode potential of -1.36 V / ENH and for an electrolysis time of 90 minutes. This yield is 96.2 + 3.1%. Reducing the potential of the cathode to values lower than -1.36 V / ENH does not make it possible to increase the efficiency of electrodeposition, but results in the detachment of the electrodeposited Te from the cathode.
- Example 14 Cathodic electrodeposition of technetium of a nitric solution of technetium using the method of the prior art described in document US-A-3,374,157
- the solution used in this example is a solution comprising 10 "6 to 10 " 5 mol / 1 of Te (VII), 1 mol / 1 of (NH 4 ) 2 S0 4 and 0.1 mol / 1 of oxalic acid.
- the pH of this solution is 4.8. This solution leads to the recovery of 85 to 90% of technetium on the cathode after 8 hours of electrolysis with a cathode potential of -1.36 V / ENH.
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Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP50654699A JP4459310B2 (ja) | 1997-07-04 | 1998-07-03 | 硝酸溶液からテクネチウムを分離する方法 |
GB9904015A GB2332211B (en) | 1997-07-04 | 1998-07-03 | Method for separating technetium from a nitric solution |
US09/254,210 US6179981B1 (en) | 1997-07-04 | 1998-07-03 | Method for separating technetium from a nitric solution |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR9708524A FR2765596B1 (fr) | 1997-07-04 | 1997-07-04 | Procede de separation du technetium d'une solution nitrique |
FR97/08524 | 1997-07-04 |
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WO1999001591A1 true WO1999001591A1 (fr) | 1999-01-14 |
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PCT/FR1998/001425 WO1999001591A1 (fr) | 1997-07-04 | 1998-07-03 | Procede de separation du technetium d'une solution nitrique |
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US (1) | US6179981B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP4459310B2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2765596B1 (fr) |
GB (1) | GB2332211B (fr) |
RU (1) | RU2194802C2 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1999001591A1 (fr) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2000006503A1 (fr) * | 1998-07-28 | 2000-02-10 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Procede de reduction de la concentration en nitrates et/ou en acide nitrique d'une solution aqueuse |
JP2003535005A (ja) * | 2000-05-24 | 2003-11-25 | マリンクロッド・インコーポレイテッド | 過テクネチウム酸塩および過レニウム酸塩の還元剤としてスズイオンを使用するTcおよびReカルボニル錯体の処方 |
US7695488B2 (en) | 2002-03-27 | 2010-04-13 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Expandable body cavity liner device |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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GB0212850D0 (en) * | 2002-06-01 | 2002-07-17 | Accentus Plc | New recovery process |
JP4578425B2 (ja) * | 2006-03-20 | 2010-11-10 | 行政院原子能委員會核能研究所 | テクネチウム−99m過テクネチウム酸溶液の濃縮装置及びその方法 |
US9108867B2 (en) * | 2012-08-22 | 2015-08-18 | Areva Inc. | Immobilization of Technetium by Electroless Plating |
RU2632498C2 (ru) * | 2016-02-02 | 2017-10-05 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Горно-химический комбинат" (ФГУП "ГХК") | Способ извлечения металлов платиновой группы из осадков после осветления продукта кислотного растворения волоксидированного отработавшего ядерного топлива |
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US3922231A (en) * | 1972-11-24 | 1975-11-25 | Ppg Industries Inc | Process for the recovery of fission products from waste solutions utilizing controlled cathodic potential electrolysis |
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US3374157A (en) | 1965-05-21 | 1968-03-19 | Atomic Energy Commission Usa | Electrolyte for the electrodeposition of technetium |
DE2154655C3 (de) * | 1971-11-03 | 1979-07-26 | Hahn-Meitner-Institut Fuer Kernforschung Berlin Gmbh, 1000 Berlin | Verfahren zur Auftrennung von Uran, Transurane und die als Spaltprodukte von Kernbrennstoffen auftretenden Elemente enthaltenden Gemischen durch Gegen- oder Querstromelektrolyse |
US3890244A (en) * | 1972-11-24 | 1975-06-17 | Ppg Industries Inc | Recovery of technetium from nuclear fuel wastes |
FR2717459B1 (fr) * | 1994-03-16 | 1996-04-12 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procédé et installation de destruction de solutes organiques, en particulier d'agents complexants, présents dans une solution aqueuse telle qu'un effluent radioactif. |
GB2319040B (en) * | 1996-11-08 | 2000-07-12 | Aea Technology Plc | Radioactive effluent treatment |
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1997
- 1997-07-04 FR FR9708524A patent/FR2765596B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
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1998
- 1998-07-03 JP JP50654699A patent/JP4459310B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-07-03 GB GB9904015A patent/GB2332211B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-07-03 RU RU99106395/02A patent/RU2194802C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-07-03 US US09/254,210 patent/US6179981B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-07-03 WO PCT/FR1998/001425 patent/WO1999001591A1/fr active Application Filing
Patent Citations (1)
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US3922231A (en) * | 1972-11-24 | 1975-11-25 | Ppg Industries Inc | Process for the recovery of fission products from waste solutions utilizing controlled cathodic potential electrolysis |
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WO2000006503A1 (fr) * | 1998-07-28 | 2000-02-10 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Procede de reduction de la concentration en nitrates et/ou en acide nitrique d'une solution aqueuse |
GB2354517A (en) * | 1998-07-28 | 2001-03-28 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Method for reducing nitrate and/or nitric acid concentration in an aqueous solution |
GB2354517B (en) * | 1998-07-28 | 2003-02-12 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Process to reduce the nitrate and/or nitric acid concentrationof an aqueous solution |
JP2003535005A (ja) * | 2000-05-24 | 2003-11-25 | マリンクロッド・インコーポレイテッド | 過テクネチウム酸塩および過レニウム酸塩の還元剤としてスズイオンを使用するTcおよびReカルボニル錯体の処方 |
US7695488B2 (en) | 2002-03-27 | 2010-04-13 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Expandable body cavity liner device |
Also Published As
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GB9904015D0 (en) | 1999-04-14 |
FR2765596B1 (fr) | 1999-08-27 |
FR2765596A1 (fr) | 1999-01-08 |
JP2001500193A (ja) | 2001-01-09 |
JP4459310B2 (ja) | 2010-04-28 |
GB2332211B (en) | 2002-05-22 |
RU2194802C2 (ru) | 2002-12-20 |
US6179981B1 (en) | 2001-01-30 |
GB2332211A (en) | 1999-06-16 |
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