WO1998056685A1 - Ensemble poche flexible et ajutage - Google Patents

Ensemble poche flexible et ajutage Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1998056685A1
WO1998056685A1 PCT/EP1998/003502 EP9803502W WO9856685A1 WO 1998056685 A1 WO1998056685 A1 WO 1998056685A1 EP 9803502 W EP9803502 W EP 9803502W WO 9856685 A1 WO9856685 A1 WO 9856685A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sachet
holder
pouch
neck
nozzle
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1998/003502
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Shashank Vaman Dhalewadikar
Ronald John Milio
Nagesh Keshav Pal
Original Assignee
Unilever Plc
Unilever N.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GBGB9712075.2A external-priority patent/GB9712075D0/en
Priority claimed from GBGB9719827.9A external-priority patent/GB9719827D0/en
Application filed by Unilever Plc, Unilever N.V. filed Critical Unilever Plc
Priority to JP50161099A priority Critical patent/JP2002511823A/ja
Priority to CA002293264A priority patent/CA2293264A1/fr
Priority to HU0004652A priority patent/HUP0004652A3/hu
Priority to APAP/P/1999/001712A priority patent/AP1132A/en
Priority to BR9810025-4A priority patent/BR9810025A/pt
Priority to AU86257/98A priority patent/AU8625798A/en
Publication of WO1998056685A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998056685A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D75/00—Packages comprising articles or materials partially or wholly enclosed in strips, sheets, blanks, tubes, or webs of flexible sheet material, e.g. in folded wrappers
    • B65D75/52—Details
    • B65D75/58—Opening or contents-removing devices added or incorporated during package manufacture
    • B65D75/5861—Spouts
    • B65D75/5872—Non-integral spouts
    • B65D75/5883—Non-integral spouts connected to the package at the sealed junction of two package walls

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an improved sachet/pouch system, and in particular to a reclosable sachet/pouch system which would retain the contents therein under hygienic, microbial contamination free and storage stable condition after every use of the contents therefrom.
  • the sachet/pouch system is of particular use as a toothpaste holder, and has small dimensions and a closure.
  • Such conventional sachets/pouches are basically obtained of plastic/poylined materials and are sealed from all ends.
  • the user is required to cut open a portion of the pouch/sachet and thereafter dispense the contents from the opening formed in the pouch/sachets.
  • such conventional sachets/pouches do not have any reclosable means, and thus once the pouch/sachet is cut open for application/use the contents have to be either consumed at the first instance, or the remainder of the contents haS to be left in unhygienic conditions, exposed to potential microbial contamination.
  • An alternative toothpaste holder takes the form of an aluminum tube.
  • Production processes allow aluminum tubes to be made with small dimensions suitable for export to developing and emerging countries.
  • such tubes are only possibly suitable for certain types of toothpaste, and are not suitable for toothpastes which tend to harden quickly due to their reactivity with aluminum.
  • gas release from gel type pastes has been known to occur.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide for an improved sachet/pouch system which would provide for convenient opening and closing of the sachet/pouch for repeated use/application of the contents therein as and when desired, and also to maintain effective, hygienic, contamination free conditions for the product stored therein.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved sachet/pouch system for small size packaging of liquid/semi liquid/viscous products such as dental, hair, skin preparations including toothpastes, shampoos, skin lotions etc. and also for the packaging of sauces, ketchups, purees etc., but in particular for toothpastes, which would retain the properties/characteristics of the products stored therein, even after repeated application/use of the contents therefrom.
  • a further aim of the invention is to provide a more effective and efficient toothpaste holder which is more suitable for manufacture in, and optionally export to, developing and emerging countries .
  • Yet a further object of the present invention is to provide for an improved sachet/pouch system which would serve as an effective packaging for making small size packages of say 1- 50gms. of liquid/semi liquid/viscous products such as herein described at affordable prices, and which would serve as an effective hygienic contamination free and storage stable carry pack for such products .
  • Yet a further object of the present invention is to provide an improved sachet/pouch system which would provide for convenient, controlled and user friendly dispensing of the product therefrom for use/application purposes.
  • an improved sachet/pouch system comprising;
  • a sachet/pouch body portion containing liquid/semi liquid viscous products and obtained of deformable material; a nozzle assembly secured to the sachet/pouch body portion and comprising a nozzle having an opening for communicating with the inside of said sachet/pouch body portion and means for opening and closing said opening as and when desired.
  • a reclosable toothpaste holder comprising two laminated metalised sheets, a neck and closure means, wherein edges of the laminated metalised sheets are sealed to form a sachet, the sachet having a neck inserted into, and protruding out of, one end of the sachet, wherein the neck has an aperture defining an opening through which toothpaste can pass from the sachet and wherein the closure mean is detachably fixed at the distal end of the neck so as to close the aperture.
  • a packaged toothpaste composition comprising a toothpaste composition, which may be a silica or chalk based toothpaste composition, packaged in a toothpaste holder or sachet/pouch as described above. Also contemplated is a packaged dental or dentifrice composition which is a liquid, and is packaged in a toothpaste holder or sachet/pouch as described above.
  • a sachet/pouch assembly for holding liquid or viscous compositions such as shampoos, skin creams and lotions, sauces, ketchups and purees.
  • the closure means can comprise a plug having a cylindrical elongate member, and the aperture is sized to receive the cylindrical elongate member as a friction fit so as to reclose the sachet after use.
  • the closure means can conveniently be molded integrally with the neck portion, providing a sealed unit. However when first use of the holder is made, the closure means is snapped off of the neck portion, the contents dispensed, the closure means inverted, and thereafter the elongate member of the closure portion can close the neck by means of a friction fit.
  • the nozzle assembly can be obtained as a single piece, with the means for opening and closing the nozzle opening being provided in the form a flip top cap connected to the nozzle.
  • the nozzle assembly nozzle can comprise of two pieces comprising of the nozzle and a cap adapted to be releasably secured onto the nozzle to facilitate opening and closing of the nozzle opening.
  • the cap can be releasably secured with respect to the nozzle either by providing cooperating threads on the external of the nozzle and the internal of the cap, or the cap may be adapted to releasable press fit with respect to the nozzle.
  • the laminate typically has a thickness in the region of 40-90, preferably 45 microns, this being substantially thinner than the thickness of a standard toothpaste tube, which is typically around 300 microns.
  • the laminate material is a polyester such as PET, or is a polyolefin such as polypropylene or polyethylene, but it can be any material that is heat sealable and provides a suitable barrier to oxygen, water and flavour loss .
  • a particularly preferred laminate material comprises 12 micron layer of PET, a 9 micron layer of aluminum, and a 60 micron layer of low density polyethylene, though the materials utilized can preferably comprise a 5-15 micron layer of PET, a 5-15 micron layer of aluminium, and a 40-80 micron layer of low density polyethylene.
  • the sachet/pouch body portion can be obtained of any suitable deformable material such as monolayer and/or multilayer plastic/paper substrate depending upon the contents to be packed and the end use/application required.
  • the edges of the laminated metalised sheets are heat sealed together around their periphery. It is preferred that the sachet/pouch system is one which does not have a gusset.
  • the two laminated metalised sheets are constituted by a single laminated metalised sheet folded back on itself; it is therefore not sealed along one edge.
  • the sachet/pouch system is a rectangular shape, it is sealed, preferably heat sealed along three edges.
  • the nozzle assembly can be obtained of high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene or similar polymeric material.
  • the nozzle opening can be provided with a tamper proof seal to evidence its fresh unused condition.
  • the seal is punctured to create said nozzle opening which can thereafter be reclosed after every use by the means for opening and closing of the nozzle opening.
  • the sachet system according to the invention has over standard toothpaste tubes is that, due to its production process, it can readily be produced either as single units or in sheets or strings using known techniques, each sachet being detachable from its neighbour.
  • the production equipment is also more readily available, and can be readily adpated as necessary, and there are various ways in which the sachets can be efficiently manufactured, for example by filling each sachet with paste from the neck end prior to inserting the neck of the closure, or by filing the sachet from the end opposite to the closure before heat sealing the edges at that end.
  • Dentifrices which may be used in packaged compositions of the present invention may comprise optional, conventional ingredients such as pharmaceutically acceptable carriers like starch, sucrose, water or water/alcohol systems etc.. Small amounts of surfactants may also be included, such as anionic, nonionic, cationic and zwitterionic or amphoteric surfactants, typically at levels of 1-2%. They may also preferably comprise particulate abrasive materials such as silicas, aluminas, calcium carbonates, dicalciumphosphates, calcium pyrophosphates, hydroxyapatites, trimetaphosphates, insoluble hexametaphosphates and so on, including agglomerated particulate abrasive materials, usually in amounts between 3 and 60% by weight.
  • a preferred embodiment of packaged composition according to the invention is one in which the dentifrice is not in the form of a gel.
  • packaged compositions may comprise humectants such as glycerol, sorbitol, propyleneglycol, xylitol, lactitol and so on, usually in amounts ranging from 10-80% by weight .
  • humectants such as glycerol, sorbitol, propyleneglycol, xylitol, lactitol and so on, usually in amounts ranging from 10-80% by weight .
  • Binders and thickeners such as sodium carboxymethyl- cellulose, xanthan gum, gum arabic etc. may also be included, as well as synthetic polymers such as polyacrylates and carboxyvinyl polymers such as Carbopol7, typically at levels of 0.1-2%.
  • Flavours such as peppermint and spearmint oils may also be included, as well as preservatives, opacifying agents, colouring agents, pH-adjusting agents, sweetening agents ai ⁇ d so on, usually at levels of 0.5-3%.
  • Anti-bacterial agents may also be included such as Triclosan, chlorhexidine, copper-, zinc- and stannous salts such as zinc citrate, sodium zinc citrate and stannous pyrophosphate, sanguinarine extract, metronidazole .
  • Further examples of anti-bacterial agents are quaternary ammonium compounds such as cetylpyridinium chloride; bis-guanides such as chlorhexidine digluconate, hexetidine, octenidine, alexidine; halogenated bisphenolic compounds such as 2 , 2' methylenebis- (4-chloro-6-bromophenol) .
  • Polymeric compounds which can enhance the delivery of active ingredients such as anti-bacterial agents can also be included.
  • examples of such polymers are copolymers of polyvinylmethylether with maleic anhydride and other similar delivery enhancing polymers, such as those described in DE- A-3 , 942 , 643 (Colgate) .
  • anti-inflammatory agents such as ibuprofen, flurbiprofen, aspirin, indomethacin etc. may also be included.
  • Anti-caries agents such as sodium- and stannous fluoride, a inefluorides, monosodiumfluorophosphate, casein, plaque buffers such as urea, calcium lactate, calcium glycerophosphate, strontium polyacrylates may also be included.
  • Other optional ingredients include vitamins such as vitamin C, and plant extracts.
  • Additional desensitising agents such as potassium citrate, potassium chloride, potassium tartrate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium oxalate, potassium nitrate as well as strontium salts may also be included.
  • Buffers and salts to buffer the pH and ionic strength of the compositions may also be included. Liposomes and other encapsulates may also be used to improve delivery or stability of active ingredients.
  • the packaged oral compositions may comprise anti-calculus agents such as alkalimetal pyrophosphates, hypophosphite-containing polymers, organic phosphonates, phosphocitrates etc.
  • anti-calculus agents such as alkalimetal pyrophosphates, hypophosphite-containing polymers, organic phosphonates, phosphocitrates etc.
  • the packaged compositions may comprise functional biomolecules such as bacteriocins , antibodies, enzymes and so on.
  • bleaching agents such as peroxy compounds e.g. potassium peroxydiphosphate, effervescing systems such as sodium bicarbonate/citric acid systems, colour change systems, and so on.
  • Figure 2 is a side view of the first form of sachet illustrating how a plug is used to reclose the sachet after use,-
  • Figure 3 is a side view of a second form of toothpaste sachet
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of an improved sachet/pouch in accordance with the invention.
  • Figure 5 is an exploded view of the nozzle assembly used in the improved sachet/pouch of Figure 4.
  • Figure 1 shows a toothpaste holder comprising two rectangular, laminated metallised sheets which are heat- sealed at three of their edges la to form a sachet 1.
  • the sachet 1 is filled with toothpaste before a plastic neck 2 is inserted into its open end lb, which is then sealed around the neck.
  • the neck 2 is formed with a central aperture 2a so as to define an opening in the sachet 1 through which the toothpaste can pass.
  • a plug 3 is detachably fixed to the neck 2 , the plug protruding outwards from the sachet 1.
  • the plug 3 comprises a base 4 and a cylindrical elongate member 5 protruding outwards therefrom.
  • the diameter of the cylindrical elongate member 5 is slightly less than the diameter of the aperture 2a in the neck 2 of the sachet 1, such that the aperture is able to receive the cylindrical elongate member as a friction fit when the plug 3 is turned upside down, as can be seen in Figure 2.
  • the base 4 of the plug 3 is detachable from the neck 2 of the sachet 1 by a simple breaking motion, thus exposing the aperture 2a to allow toothpaste to pass.
  • the sachet 1 can be resealed by inserting the cylindrical elongate member 5 of the plug 3 into the aperture.
  • the cylindrical elongate member 5 has an outwardly-protruding ridge 6 situation at a predetermined distance from its distal end, so as to prevent the cylindrical elongate member from being inserted through the aperture 2a beyond a predetermined length.
  • the toothpaste sachet shown in Figure 3 is a modified version of the sachet Figure 1, so like reference numerals will be used for like parts, and only the modifications will be described in detail.
  • the main modification is to modify the neck 2 of the embodiment of Figures 1 and 2 to provide a threaded aperture 2 'a, and to replace the plug 3 by a screw cap 7.
  • the laminated sheets preferably are made from a metallised polyesters such as PET, or polyolefins such as polypropylene or polyethylene, with the preferred metal being aluminum.
  • a metallised polyesters such as PET
  • polyolefins such as polypropylene or polyethylene
  • the preferred metal being aluminum
  • other known compounds are also suitable, provided they are capable of being heat sealed to provide a suitable barrier to water and oxygen, and also so as to provide a barrier against flavour loss .
  • a single laminated metallised sheet, folded back on itself, can constitute the two laminated metallised sheets. In this case only two edges la will need to be heat sealed before insertion of the neck 2.
  • the dimensions of the rectangular laminated sheets are small so as to keep the cost of production of the toothpaste sachets to a minimum, thereby making the sachets economic for export to developing and emerging countries .
  • figure 4 shows the rectangular shaped pouch/sachet body portion BP with the nozzle assembly (NA) secured in a leakproof manner to the sachet/pouch body portion.
  • the sachet/pouch body portion (BP) is sealed from all ends as evident from the seal margin (SM) at the sides.
  • the nozzle opening (NO) (Fig.5) communicates with the inside of the pouch/sachet body portion containing the liquid/semi liquid viscous product.
  • a seal (S) is provided at the nozzle opening to evidence the tamperproof unused condition of the sachet/pouch system.
  • a cap (C) is provided screwed onto the nozzle to releasably close the nozzle opening.
  • the cap (C) is first unscrewed from said nozzle and thereafter seal (S) is punctured, and the required quantity of the contents are dispensed by pressing on the deformable body portion of the pouch/sachet . Thereafter, the remainder of the contents of the pouch/sachet are maintained in a hygienic, microbial contamination free storage stable condition by replacing of the cap (C) onto the nozzle. For every subsequent use thereafter, the cap (C) is unscrewed to allow dispensing of the product through the nozzle opening, and thereafter again recapped to close said nozzle opening and retain the contents under hygienic conditions.
  • cap (C) can be simply released from the nozzle and the contents dispensed through the nozzle opening. Thereafter, the cap (C) is again screwed onto the nozzle to store the remaining contents under hygienic, storage stable conditions for subsequent uses. Thereafter, for every subsequent use the cap (C) is released from the nozzle, and the nozzle subsequently recapped as detailed above.
  • the sachet/pouch body portion can be rectangular as per the illustrated embodiment discussed in figures 4 and 5, or of any other suitable geometrical shape and configuration.
  • the nozzle assembly can also have various shapes and configurations depending upon sachet/pouch get up desired, the contents therein and the end use/application desired.
  • the laminated sheets preferably are made from metallised polyesters such as PET, or polyolefins such as polypropylene or polyethylene, with the preferred metal being aluminium.
  • metallised polyesters such as PET
  • polyolefins such as polypropylene or polyethylene
  • the preferred metal being aluminium.
  • other known compounds are also suitable, provided they are capable of being heat sealed to provide a suitable barrier to water and oxygen, and also so as to provide a barrier against flavour loss.
  • the pouch/sachet system of the invention would provide for controlled dispensing of the product therethrough the nozzle opening, and also provide for convenient closing of the nozzle opening after every use to thereby ensure hygienic contamination free storage of the remaining contents of the pouch/sachet until its subsequent use is desired.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Tubes (AREA)
  • Cosmetics (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Bag Frames (AREA)
  • Containers And Plastic Fillers For Packaging (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un ensemble sachet/poche flexible et ajutage comprenant une partie de corps de sachet/poche renfermant un produit liquide/semi-liquide/visqueux et formé d'une matière déformable. L'ensemble comprend en outre un ensemble ajutage (2) fixé à la partie corps de sachet/poche (4) qui comporte un ajutage présentant une ouverture ménagée pour communiquer avec l'intérieur de la partie de corps et un organe (7) permettant d'ouvrir et de fermer l'ajutage selon les besoins.
PCT/EP1998/003502 1997-06-10 1998-06-08 Ensemble poche flexible et ajutage WO1998056685A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP50161099A JP2002511823A (ja) 1997-06-10 1998-06-08 可撓性ポーチおよび分配ノズルアセンブリ
CA002293264A CA2293264A1 (fr) 1997-06-10 1998-06-08 Ensemble poche flexible et ajutage
HU0004652A HUP0004652A3 (en) 1997-06-10 1998-06-08 Flexible pouch with dispensing nozzle assembly
APAP/P/1999/001712A AP1132A (en) 1997-06-10 1998-06-08 Flexible pouch and dispensing nozzle assembly.
BR9810025-4A BR9810025A (pt) 1997-06-10 1998-06-08 Conjunto de bolsa-sachê, e, composição dentifrìcia acondicionada
AU86257/98A AU8625798A (en) 1997-06-10 1998-06-08 Flexible pouch and dispensing nozzle assembly

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB9712075.2A GB9712075D0 (en) 1997-06-10 1997-06-10 A toothpaste holder
GB9712075.2 1997-06-10
GB9719827.9 1997-09-17
GBGB9719827.9A GB9719827D0 (en) 1997-09-17 1997-09-17 Improved Pouch

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1998056685A1 true WO1998056685A1 (fr) 1998-12-17

Family

ID=26311694

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP1998/003502 WO1998056685A1 (fr) 1997-06-10 1998-06-08 Ensemble poche flexible et ajutage

Country Status (13)

Country Link
JP (1) JP2002511823A (fr)
CN (1) CN1211258C (fr)
AP (1) AP1132A (fr)
AU (1) AU8625798A (fr)
BR (1) BR9810025A (fr)
CA (1) CA2293264A1 (fr)
HU (1) HUP0004652A3 (fr)
ID (1) ID24679A (fr)
IN (1) IN190966B (fr)
OA (1) OA11229A (fr)
PL (1) PL337335A1 (fr)
TR (1) TR199903038T2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1998056685A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2149507A1 (fr) 2008-07-31 2010-02-03 The Procter and Gamble Company Sachet à trois fermetures avec dispositif de distribution

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8336743B2 (en) * 2009-07-14 2012-12-25 Scholle Corporation Tap
BR112015000485A2 (pt) * 2012-07-12 2017-08-08 Colgate Palmolive Co embalagem que tem corpo unitário que inclui uma tampa separável
JP6076671B2 (ja) * 2012-10-05 2017-02-08 森永製菓株式会社 袋状容器用スパウト及びスパウト付き袋状容器

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2493268A1 (fr) * 1980-10-31 1982-05-07 Goglio Luigi Procede d'emballage de produits dans des recipients thermo-soudables
FR2560521A1 (fr) * 1984-03-05 1985-09-06 Brosserie Ste Gle Conditionnement de produits pour l'hygiene buccale
EP0415691A1 (fr) * 1989-08-28 1991-03-06 Kirin Beverage Corporation Capuchon pour un récipient du genre à deux sacs emboîtés l'un dans l'autre
US5271519A (en) * 1991-03-05 1993-12-21 Portola Packaging, Inc. One-piece fitment and tethered plug with tamper-evident means
US5303837A (en) * 1991-03-05 1994-04-19 Portola Packaging, Inc. One-piece fitment and plug with tamper-evident band
EP0741087A1 (fr) * 1995-05-02 1996-11-06 Goglio Luigi Milano S.P.A. Récipient avec embout de remplissage, en particulier pour des systèmes d'emballages aseptiques et méthode de fabrication

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2493268A1 (fr) * 1980-10-31 1982-05-07 Goglio Luigi Procede d'emballage de produits dans des recipients thermo-soudables
FR2560521A1 (fr) * 1984-03-05 1985-09-06 Brosserie Ste Gle Conditionnement de produits pour l'hygiene buccale
EP0415691A1 (fr) * 1989-08-28 1991-03-06 Kirin Beverage Corporation Capuchon pour un récipient du genre à deux sacs emboîtés l'un dans l'autre
US5271519A (en) * 1991-03-05 1993-12-21 Portola Packaging, Inc. One-piece fitment and tethered plug with tamper-evident means
US5303837A (en) * 1991-03-05 1994-04-19 Portola Packaging, Inc. One-piece fitment and plug with tamper-evident band
EP0741087A1 (fr) * 1995-05-02 1996-11-06 Goglio Luigi Milano S.P.A. Récipient avec embout de remplissage, en particulier pour des systèmes d'emballages aseptiques et méthode de fabrication

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2149507A1 (fr) 2008-07-31 2010-02-03 The Procter and Gamble Company Sachet à trois fermetures avec dispositif de distribution
WO2010014533A1 (fr) * 2008-07-31 2010-02-04 The Procter & Gamble Company Sachet à trois fermetures avec dispositif de distribution

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR9810025A (pt) 2000-09-19
IN190966B (fr) 2003-09-06
PL337335A1 (en) 2000-08-14
HUP0004652A2 (hu) 2001-04-28
AP9901712A0 (en) 1999-12-31
AU8625798A (en) 1998-12-30
CN1211258C (zh) 2005-07-20
HUP0004652A3 (en) 2001-07-30
CA2293264A1 (fr) 1998-12-17
CN1266409A (zh) 2000-09-13
TR199903038T2 (xx) 2000-06-21
ID24679A (id) 2000-07-27
AP1132A (en) 2002-12-19
OA11229A (en) 2003-07-18
JP2002511823A (ja) 2002-04-16

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