WO1998049057A1 - Anti-fretting formable liner - Google Patents

Anti-fretting formable liner Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998049057A1
WO1998049057A1 PCT/US1998/007408 US9807408W WO9849057A1 WO 1998049057 A1 WO1998049057 A1 WO 1998049057A1 US 9807408 W US9807408 W US 9807408W WO 9849057 A1 WO9849057 A1 WO 9849057A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lubricious
formable
central sheet
liner
fretting
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1998/007408
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
David H. Hunter
James S. Giampapa
Original Assignee
Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation filed Critical Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation
Priority to AU74663/98A priority Critical patent/AU7466398A/en
Publication of WO1998049057A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998049057A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16N—LUBRICATING
    • F16N15/00—Lubrication with substances other than oil or grease; Lubrication characterised by the use of particular lubricants in particular apparatus or conditions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C27/00—Rotorcraft; Rotors peculiar thereto
    • B64C27/32—Rotors
    • B64C27/35—Rotors having elastomeric joints

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to liners for minimizing fretting between structural components in a mechanical assembly, and more particularly, to a formable liner comprising a formable metallic central sheet having lubricious materials disposed on opposite sides thereof.
  • Fretting fatigue between structural components in a mechanical assembly is a primary factor in the life of the mechanical assembly. Fretting occurs when metal surfaces of two structural components come into abutting contact and experience relative movement. This relative movement can lead to microscopic tears in the metal, and can eventually lead to fatigue cracks. In aircraft applications, in which many mechanical components are formed from expensive titanium, it is highly desirable not only to prevent fatigue cracks, but to minimize any degree of fretting.
  • a protective liner formed from hardened steel is bonded onto a surface of one of the structural components such that the steel makes abutting contact with a surface on the other structural component.
  • a fiberglass liner sprayed with a sliding bearing material such as KARON ® (KARON ® is a registered trademark or the Kamatics Corporation for friction, self- lubricating, polymer-based bearings), is bonded onto a surface of one of the structural components such that the sliding bearing material makes abutting contact with a surface on the other structural component.
  • TEFLON ® is a registered trademark of E.I. duPont de Nemours & Co. for tetrafluoroethylene
  • a disadvantage to the foregoing approaches is that once the epoxy or silver plate has worn-out, the entire structural component needs to be removed, overhauled and/or replaced. The complete removal of the structural component in order to replace the epoxy or silver plate is both very expensive and time-consuming.
  • a different approach for minimizing fretting between structural components comprises interposing an intermediary piece of thermoplastic material, such as VESPEL ® (VESPEL ® is a registered trademark of E.I. duPont de Nemours & Co. for fabricated parts based on polymide resin) between abutting surfaces of the structural parts.
  • VESPEL ® is a registered trademark of E.I. duPont de Nemours & Co. for fabricated parts based on polymide resin
  • thermoplastics in general, and VESPEL ® specifically do not bend easily and must be molded into required shapes using high pressure molding techniques. The complexity of using these high pressure molding techniques limits this approach to liners that are substantially planar in shape.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a liner for minimizing fretting between structural components that is flexible enough for application between non-planar abutting structural component surfaces.
  • a formable liner for minimizing fretting between structural components comprising a central sheet fabricated from formable metallic material and defining a first side and a second side, a first lubricious material disposed in combination with the first side of the central sheet, and a second lubricious material disposed in combination with the second side of the central sheet.
  • the central sheet, first lubricious material, and second lubricious material in combination define the formable liner, which is configured for disposal intermediate the first and said second structural components to minimize fretting therebetween.
  • FIG. 1 is an enlarged broken-away perspective view of an axisymmetric elastomeric bearing assembly in combination with a rotor assembly yoke and a hub retention member for a helicopter articulated rotor hub assembly, including formable liners for minimizing fretting between structural components, wherein the formable liners embody features of the present invention; and FIG. 2 is an enlarged broken-away perspective view of one of the formable liners of FIG 1.
  • FIG. 1 depicts an enlarged broken-away perspective view of an axisymmetric elastomeric bearing assembly 10 in combination with a rotor assembly yoke 12 and a hub retention member 14, for a helicopter articulated rotor hub assembly (not shown).
  • the axisymmetric elastomeric bearing assembly 10 includes an inboard bearing endplate 16i and an outboard bearing endplate 16o; the rotor assembly yoke 12 includes a yoke midsection 12m; and the hub retention member 14 includes upper and lower radial spokes 18u, 181 and a shear segment 20 for interconnecting the upper and lower radial spokes 18u, 181.
  • the inboard bearing endplate 16i and the yoke midsection 12m are formed from like metals, and the outboard bearing endplate 16o and the shear segment 20 are formed from like metals.
  • formable liners 100 are interposed between the inboard bearing endplate 16i and the yoke midsection 12m, and between the outboard bearing endplate 16o and the shear segment 20, thereby minimizing fretting between the respective abutting surfaces of these components.
  • the formable liners 100 include a central sheet 102 fabricated from formable metallic material, wherein the central sheet 102 defines a first side 104 and a second side 106.
  • the central sheet 102 is fabricated from aluminum alloy 6061 having a thickness t cs of approximately 0.0762 centimeters (0.030 inches).
  • the central sheet 102 can be fabricated from other types and thicknesses of aluminum, other metals, or metal alloys.
  • the selection and configuration of the central sheet 102 material(s) depends upon the operational requirements of the formable liner 100.
  • a first lubricious material 108 is disposed in combination with the first side 104 of the central sheet 102
  • a second lubricious material 110 is disposed in combination with the second side 106 of the central sheet 102.
  • the first lubricious material 108 and the second lubricious material 110 both comprise a polyester fabric impregnated with resinous material for increasing the polyester fabric's ability to transmit high pressure loads without significant deformation.
  • DACRON ® fabric DACRON ® is a registered trademark of E.I. duPont de Nemours & Co.
  • first and second lubricious materials 108, 110 are applied to the first and second sides 104, 106, respectively, of the central sheet 102 by interposing adhesives (not shown) between the first lubricious material 108 and the first side 104, and the second lubricious material 110 and the second side 106.
  • these adhesives are of a conventional type known in the art for bonding polyester fabric to aluminum and can require pressure and/or heat to perfect the bond.
  • the bonding of the first and second lubricious materials 108, 110 to the central sheet 102 enhances the ability of the formable liner 100 to transmit high pressure loads applied normal to the first and second sides 104, 106, thereby minimizing undesirable deformation of the first and second lubricious materials 108, 110.
  • the first and second lubricious materials 108, 110 can comprise a spray-on or painted-on coating of a TEFLON ® -based epoxy or similar lubricious coatings as is known in the art for adhering to a central sheet 102 without significantly reducing the flexibility of the central sheet 102.
  • the first and second lubricious materials 108, 110 do not necessarily have to comprise the same materials, and in addition, the first and second lubricious materials 108, 110 can each comprise multiple lubricious materials in combination.
  • the first and second lubricious materials 108, 110 do not have to be configured as a uniform sheet, layer, or coating in combination with the first and second sides 104, 106, respectively, of the central sheet 102.
  • the first and second lubricious materials 108, 110 can be disposed in combination with the first and second sides 104, 106, respectively, of the central sheet 102 into rows, cross-hatching, or as stratums defining apertures or voids therein.
  • the formable liner 100 has a total thickness t fl between approximately 0.10 centimeters (0.04 inches) and 0.15 centimeters (0.06 inches).
  • An advantage of the present invention is that the configuration of the formable liner 100 provides a secondary layer of protection to structural components in the event that the first and second lubricious materials 108, 110 experience significant wear. Specifically, in the event that the first and/or second lubricious materials 108, 110 are worn-down to the extent that any structural components make abutting contact with the central sheet 102, the central sheet 102 can still provide a lubricious barrier between those components. Specifically, an aluminum central sheet 102 can provide adequate short- term protection for abutting titanium structural components.
  • the formable liner 100 can be utilized in any other application wherein two or more components of a mechanical assembly are in abutting contact and experience relative movement. It will be readily seen by one of ordinary skill in the art that the present invention fulfills all the objects set forth above. After reading the foregoing specification, one of ordinary skill will be able to effect various changes, substitutions of equivalents and various other aspects of the invention as broadly disclosed herein. It is therefore intended that the protection granted hereon be limited only by the definition contained in the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

A formable liner for minimizing fretting between first and second structural components comprising a central sheet fabricated from formable metallic material, the central sheet defining a first side and a second side, a first lubricious material disposed in combination with the first side of the central sheet, and a second lubricious material disposed in combination with the second side of the central sheet. The central sheet, first lubricious material, and second lubricious material in combination define the formable liner, which is configured for disposal intermediate the first and second structural components to minimize fretting therebetween.

Description

Anti-Fretting Formable Liner
Technical Field
This invention relates generally to liners for minimizing fretting between structural components in a mechanical assembly, and more particularly, to a formable liner comprising a formable metallic central sheet having lubricious materials disposed on opposite sides thereof.
Background Art Fretting fatigue between structural components in a mechanical assembly is a primary factor in the life of the mechanical assembly. Fretting occurs when metal surfaces of two structural components come into abutting contact and experience relative movement. This relative movement can lead to microscopic tears in the metal, and can eventually lead to fatigue cracks. In aircraft applications, in which many mechanical components are formed from expensive titanium, it is highly desirable not only to prevent fatigue cracks, but to minimize any degree of fretting.
The prior art discloses a number of approaches for minimizing fretting between structural components. In one approach, a protective liner formed from hardened steel is bonded onto a surface of one of the structural components such that the steel makes abutting contact with a surface on the other structural component. In another similar approach a fiberglass liner sprayed with a sliding bearing material such as KARON® (KARON® is a registered trademark or the Kamatics Corporation for friction, self- lubricating, polymer-based bearings), is bonded onto a surface of one of the structural components such that the sliding bearing material makes abutting contact with a surface on the other structural component.
A disadvantage to both of the foregoing approaches is that a bond layer is required to isolate the liner from the structural component surface to which it is bonded, and therefore, any weaknesses or voids in the bond layer can result in the liner fretting or abrading the structural component surface to which it is bonded. In another approach, an epoxy-based coating containing TEFLON® (TEFLON® is a registered trademark of E.I. duPont de Nemours & Co. for tetrafluoroethylene
-l- fluorocarbon polymers, and for fluorinated ethylene-propylene resins) is applied to an abutting surface of one of the structural components, and in yet another approach, silver plate is electrodeposited onto an abutting surface of one of the structural components.
A disadvantage to the foregoing approaches is that once the epoxy or silver plate has worn-out, the entire structural component needs to be removed, overhauled and/or replaced. The complete removal of the structural component in order to replace the epoxy or silver plate is both very expensive and time-consuming.
A different approach for minimizing fretting between structural components comprises interposing an intermediary piece of thermoplastic material, such as VESPEL® (VESPEL® is a registered trademark of E.I. duPont de Nemours & Co. for fabricated parts based on polymide resin) between abutting surfaces of the structural parts. A disadvantage of this approach is that thermoplastics in general, and VESPEL® specifically, do not bend easily and must be molded into required shapes using high pressure molding techniques. The complexity of using these high pressure molding techniques limits this approach to liners that are substantially planar in shape.
Disclosure of the Invention
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a liner for minimizing fretting between structural components that is easily replaceable and does not require removal, overhaul, or replacement of structural components.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a liner for minimizing fretting between structural components that is flexible enough for application between non-planar abutting structural component surfaces.
These and other objects are achieved in the present invention by a formable liner for minimizing fretting between structural components comprising a central sheet fabricated from formable metallic material and defining a first side and a second side, a first lubricious material disposed in combination with the first side of the central sheet, and a second lubricious material disposed in combination with the second side of the central sheet. The central sheet, first lubricious material, and second lubricious material in combination define the formable liner, which is configured for disposal intermediate the first and said second structural components to minimize fretting therebetween.
-?- Still other objects and advantages of the present invention will become readily apparent to those skilled in this art from the following detailed description, wherein the preferred embodiments of the invention are shown and described, simply by way of illustration of the best mode contemplated of carrying out the invention. As will be realized, the invention is capable of modifications in various respects, all without departing from the invention. Accordingly, the drawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature, and not as restrictive.
Brief Description of the Drawings FIG. 1 is an enlarged broken-away perspective view of an axisymmetric elastomeric bearing assembly in combination with a rotor assembly yoke and a hub retention member for a helicopter articulated rotor hub assembly, including formable liners for minimizing fretting between structural components, wherein the formable liners embody features of the present invention; and FIG. 2 is an enlarged broken-away perspective view of one of the formable liners of FIG 1.
Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention
Referring now to the drawings wherein like reference characters identify corresponding or similar elements throughout the several views, FIG. 1 depicts an enlarged broken-away perspective view of an axisymmetric elastomeric bearing assembly 10 in combination with a rotor assembly yoke 12 and a hub retention member 14, for a helicopter articulated rotor hub assembly (not shown). The axisymmetric elastomeric bearing assembly 10 includes an inboard bearing endplate 16i and an outboard bearing endplate 16o; the rotor assembly yoke 12 includes a yoke midsection 12m; and the hub retention member 14 includes upper and lower radial spokes 18u, 181 and a shear segment 20 for interconnecting the upper and lower radial spokes 18u, 181. In the described embodiment, the inboard bearing endplate 16i and the yoke midsection 12m are formed from like metals, and the outboard bearing endplate 16o and the shear segment 20 are formed from like metals. Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, formable liners 100 are interposed between the inboard bearing endplate 16i and the yoke midsection 12m, and between the outboard bearing endplate 16o and the shear segment 20, thereby minimizing fretting between the respective abutting surfaces of these components. For the described embodiment, the formable liners 100 include a central sheet 102 fabricated from formable metallic material, wherein the central sheet 102 defines a first side 104 and a second side 106. In the described embodiment, the central sheet 102 is fabricated from aluminum alloy 6061 having a thickness tcs of approximately 0.0762 centimeters (0.030 inches). In alternative embodiments, the central sheet 102 can be fabricated from other types and thicknesses of aluminum, other metals, or metal alloys. In these alternative embodiments, the selection and configuration of the central sheet 102 material(s) depends upon the operational requirements of the formable liner 100.
Referring again to FIG. 2, a first lubricious material 108 is disposed in combination with the first side 104 of the central sheet 102, and a second lubricious material 110 is disposed in combination with the second side 106 of the central sheet 102. In the described embodiment, the first lubricious material 108 and the second lubricious material 110 both comprise a polyester fabric impregnated with resinous material for increasing the polyester fabric's ability to transmit high pressure loads without significant deformation. Specifically, it has been found that DACRON® fabric (DACRON® is a registered trademark of E.I. duPont de Nemours & Co. for a polyester fiber made from polyethylene terephthalate) impregnated with an epoxy-based TEFLON® resin provides a satisfactory level of lubriciousness for the described application of the present invention. The first and second lubricious materials 108, 110 are applied to the first and second sides 104, 106, respectively, of the central sheet 102 by interposing adhesives (not shown) between the first lubricious material 108 and the first side 104, and the second lubricious material 110 and the second side 106. In the described embodiment, these adhesives are of a conventional type known in the art for bonding polyester fabric to aluminum and can require pressure and/or heat to perfect the bond. The bonding of the first and second lubricious materials 108, 110 to the central sheet 102 enhances the ability of the formable liner 100 to transmit high pressure loads applied normal to the first and second sides 104, 106, thereby minimizing undesirable deformation of the first and second lubricious materials 108, 110.
In alternative embodiments, the first and second lubricious materials 108, 110 can comprise a spray-on or painted-on coating of a TEFLON®-based epoxy or similar lubricious coatings as is known in the art for adhering to a central sheet 102 without significantly reducing the flexibility of the central sheet 102. In other alternative embodiments, the first and second lubricious materials 108, 110 do not necessarily have to comprise the same materials, and in addition, the first and second lubricious materials 108, 110 can each comprise multiple lubricious materials in combination. In still other alternative embodiments, the first and second lubricious materials 108, 110 do not have to be configured as a uniform sheet, layer, or coating in combination with the first and second sides 104, 106, respectively, of the central sheet 102. In these embodiments, the first and second lubricious materials 108, 110 can be disposed in combination with the first and second sides 104, 106, respectively, of the central sheet 102 into rows, cross-hatching, or as stratums defining apertures or voids therein.
In the described embodiment, the formable liner 100 has a total thickness tfl between approximately 0.10 centimeters (0.04 inches) and 0.15 centimeters (0.06 inches). An advantage of the present invention is that the configuration of the formable liner 100 provides a secondary layer of protection to structural components in the event that the first and second lubricious materials 108, 110 experience significant wear. Specifically, in the event that the first and/or second lubricious materials 108, 110 are worn-down to the extent that any structural components make abutting contact with the central sheet 102, the central sheet 102 can still provide a lubricious barrier between those components. Specifically, an aluminum central sheet 102 can provide adequate short- term protection for abutting titanium structural components.
It should be appreciated that although the described embodiment of the present invention is shown in combination with the axisymmetric elastomeric bearing assembly 10 for a helicopter articulated rotor hub assembly, the formable liner 100 can be utilized in any other application wherein two or more components of a mechanical assembly are in abutting contact and experience relative movement. It will be readily seen by one of ordinary skill in the art that the present invention fulfills all the objects set forth above. After reading the foregoing specification, one of ordinary skill will be able to effect various changes, substitutions of equivalents and various other aspects of the invention as broadly disclosed herein. It is therefore intended that the protection granted hereon be limited only by the definition contained in the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims

What is claimed is: L A formable liner for minimizing fretting between first and second structural components comprising: (a) a central sheet fabricated from formable metallic material, said central sheet defining a first side and a second side; (b) a first lubricious material disposed in combination with said first side of said central sheet; and (c) a second lubricious material disposed in combination with said second side of said central sheet; (d) said central sheet, said first lubricious material, and said second lubricious material in combination defining said formable liner which is configured for disposal intermediate said first and said second structural components to minimize fretting therebetween.
2. The formable liner of Claim 1, wherein said central sheet is formed from aluminum.
3. The formable liner of Claim 1, wherein said first lubricious material comprises a lubricious fabric.
4. The formable liner of Claim 3, wherein said lubricious fabric comprises polyester fiber.
5. The formable liner of Claim 3, wherein said first lubricious material further comprises a resinous material impregnated within said lubricious fabric.
6. The formable liner of Claim 1, wherein said first lubricious material comprises a spray-on lubricious coating.
7. The formable liner of Claim 1, wherein said second lubricious material comprises a lubricious fabric.
8. The formable liner of Claim 7, wherein said lubricious fabric comprises polyester fiber.
9. The formable liner of Claim 7, wherein said second lubricious material further comprises a resinous material impregnated within said lubricious fabric.
10. The formable liner of Claim 1, wherein said second lubricious material comprises a spray-on lubricious coating.
PCT/US1998/007408 1997-04-29 1998-04-13 Anti-fretting formable liner WO1998049057A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU74663/98A AU7466398A (en) 1997-04-29 1998-04-13 Anti-fretting formable liner

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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US84103997A 1997-04-29 1997-04-29
US08/841,039 1997-04-29

Publications (1)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2774960A1 (en) * 2013-03-07 2014-09-10 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. Aircraft with Electrically Conductive Nanocoating
US9352829B2 (en) 2013-03-07 2016-05-31 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. Aircraft with protective nanocoating

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4154886A (en) * 1977-08-09 1979-05-15 Teijin Limited Liner sheet containing a lubricant and an antistatic agent for magnetic tape cartridge and method for its production
EP0481106A1 (en) * 1990-10-15 1992-04-22 Pei Chin Kao Shapeable decorative plate
EP0672520A1 (en) * 1994-03-18 1995-09-20 Clad Lizenz AG Multilayered, cold formable and deep drawable metal composites
US5601408A (en) * 1996-03-18 1997-02-11 Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation Axisymmetric elastomeric bearing assembly for helicopter rotors

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4154886A (en) * 1977-08-09 1979-05-15 Teijin Limited Liner sheet containing a lubricant and an antistatic agent for magnetic tape cartridge and method for its production
EP0481106A1 (en) * 1990-10-15 1992-04-22 Pei Chin Kao Shapeable decorative plate
EP0672520A1 (en) * 1994-03-18 1995-09-20 Clad Lizenz AG Multilayered, cold formable and deep drawable metal composites
US5601408A (en) * 1996-03-18 1997-02-11 Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation Axisymmetric elastomeric bearing assembly for helicopter rotors

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2774960A1 (en) * 2013-03-07 2014-09-10 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. Aircraft with Electrically Conductive Nanocoating
US8998124B2 (en) 2013-03-07 2015-04-07 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. Aircraft with electrically conductive nanocoating
US9352829B2 (en) 2013-03-07 2016-05-31 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. Aircraft with protective nanocoating

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