WO1998046833A1 - Position penetrated anchor system - Google Patents
Position penetrated anchor system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998046833A1 WO1998046833A1 PCT/NO1998/000102 NO9800102W WO9846833A1 WO 1998046833 A1 WO1998046833 A1 WO 1998046833A1 NO 9800102 W NO9800102 W NO 9800102W WO 9846833 A1 WO9846833 A1 WO 9846833A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- anchor
- frame
- sea floor
- anchors
- sea
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000935974 Paralichthys dentatus Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009527 percussion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009931 pascalization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003019 stabilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
- B63B21/24—Anchors
- B63B21/26—Anchors securing to bed
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
- E02D7/22—Placing by screwing down
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/12—Underwater drilling
- E21B7/124—Underwater drilling with underwater tool drive prime mover, e.g. portable drilling rigs for use on underwater floors
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
- E02B2017/0056—Platforms with supporting legs
- E02B2017/0073—Details of sea bottom engaging footing
- E02B2017/0078—Suction piles, suction cans
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2250/00—Production methods
- E02D2250/0053—Production methods using suction or vacuum techniques
Definitions
- the invention concerns a method for establishing and connecting and disconnecting positioned anchorage points in different sea floor formations, together with equipment for the same, arising from the need which exists when anchoring floating units, independently of water depth.
- an anchor When an object floating on the surface of the sea requires to be kept in position for various reasons, an anchor is employed. This consists of a heavy body, which is lowered on to the sea floor connected to a cable from the floating object. By means of its shape the anchor offers the possibility of becoming fixed to or exerting friction on the sea floor. For example, a ship which loses engine power at sea will make use of a traditional and simple anchor of this kind. In the same way this method of anchoring is employed by ships which are lying in the roadstead, waiting to put in at a quay, etc. The positioning requirements for ships in such circumstances are minimal, and the ship will normally be able to rotate freely 360° round the mooring point, according to the state of the current and wind direction.
- Floating objects such as drilling platforms, production ships and the like, associated, e.g., with the oil and gas industry, have completely different and more stringent requirements for their positioning with consequent requirements for anchoring. This is due to the submerged pipe installations which extend approximately linearly from the drilling floor vertically through the water and on down deep to the oil and gas-bearing formations in the earth's crust.
- Slack catenary mooring permits the platform, when exposed to wind and current forces, to drift in the horizontal plane in any direction from the central position to an extent corresponding to up to 5° from the vertical plane.
- a suction anchor This is a metallic, bell-shaped anchor body with the opening facing down towards the sea floor.
- a ROV Remote Operated Vehicle
- the water is pumped out of the body's internal volume, in order that the hydrostatic differential pressure at such depths should cause the body to be pulled/pressed down into and secured to the bottom.
- Another remotely operated method of attachment at great depths is by ramming down hollow tubes by means of hydraulic hammer power, which tubes are thereby anchored in the bottom.
- Tension leg mooring is also employed, where anchors in the bottom with vertical catenaries attached to the stays counteract the platform's buoyancy by pulling it down in the water to an extent which has a stabilising effect.
- Slack lines will occupy large areas in the sea and on the sea floor around a platform. It is undesirable for such lines to cross a flow line and/or another installation. Cables of metallic chain loops are heavy, also because each of these cables normally represents four to six times the sea depth. For example, a platform at 300 metres deep employing 10 catenaries of 1800 metres each will altogether have deployed 18000 running metres of chain. When the chain weighs 160 kg/running metre, the total weight is 2,900 tons. If a theoretical anchoring with the same means were performed at 3000 metres depth, the catenary weight would amount to 29,000 tons.
- Steel cable e.g., weighs approximately a third of the weight of chain, and yet 3000 m of the dimension concerned weighs approximately 50 tons, forming an enormous coil.
- Composite cable systems will also be bulky, but such cables submerged in water are almost weightless.
- a typical catenary can therefore be assembled by using large size steel cable or chain in the lower end part with a plate anchor to weight it down; from the floating unit steel cable or chain.
- the length between lower steel cable/chain and upper steel cable/chain is composed of composite fibre rope, the splicing being performed by means of special connecting units.
- the method of the invention for establishing and connecting and disconnecting positioned anchorage points in different sea floor formations is primarily developed for operations at great depths with high hydrostatic pressure, which makes it difficult if not impossible, also from the cost point of view, to employ the present day known technology developed for moderate depths, for transferring, amongst other things, prevailing forces, catenary weights and dimensions, requirements for positioning, inspection, etc.
- ROV Remote Operated Vehicle
- a ROV is arranged to secured itself to the installation frame. This is necessary to enable the ROV during turning work operations, such as screwing down wide-threaded cylindrical hollow threaded anchors or drilling in the seabed, to counteract the torque or recoil forces from high-pressure jetting and injecting to which it is exposed.
- the establishment of such power- generation on the installation frame is due to the fact that working at great depths complicates the operation supplying power from the surface.
- - NO 803927 describes a submersible percussion hammer which is surface- operated from a platform, which is supported by a truncated pyramidal frame which projects upwards from sea floor level.
- - NO 952476 describes a method for penetrating hollow cylindrical anchors in the sea floor, where the anchors with connecting means are coupled to a pillar of anchors stacked on top of one another, where the pillar's specific weight helps to ram one anchor after another down into the bottom, where these anchors are interconnected by lengths of chain which determine the distance between the anchors' chain- forming positions.
- - FR 2.444.755 describes a hollow helically flanked injector for anchoring and reinforcement of loose masses, in that after being screwed down into loose soil it permits a material which sets, e.g. liquid concrete, to be injected.
- the device is obviously surface-operated, and in itself does not represent an anchoring function.
- -SE 350.556 describes a percussion jetting device which is attached around the lower end part of a pile, which during surface-operated ramming into the ground with high-pressure water through obliquely downwardly jetting nozzles, achieves an easier/faster penetration in loose earth masses and the like.
- a standard suction anchor consists only of the bell-shaped body, which with its opening facing down on to the sea floor is first pumped empty of water, whereupon a high hydrostatic differential pressure builds up at great depths. By suddenly opening to this pressure, the suction anchor will be brought down into the bottom masses.
- GB 2.148.968 describes a hollow cylindrical retrievable anchor, with outwardly and downwardly foldable curved arms suspended attached at 90° to the anchor body.
- the anchor's function is to create concrete foundations under sea floor level, and then to be pulled up.
- the arms are folded into the lower part of a cylindrical anchor body, also by the pressure from the environment when being rammed down into the sea floor, but are folded out by the anchor being pulled slightly up and back, the arms' outer parts being turned inwards, thereby taking hold of the surrounding masses and on account of the resistance therefrom being forced into an oscillating movement from an enclosed position to a 90° extended position on the anchor body.
- the ramming down operation is repeated by extending the anchor body by joining on new hollow units, and the longitudinal cavity is jetted with water.
- liquid concrete is added through the cavity.
- Retrieval for repeated use of the anchor is performed by lowering it further into the sea floor while jetting with water, with the result that the surrounding masses press the arms in towards the anchor body.
- the device may be described as an anchoring medium, and is presumed to be surface-operated, for reinforcement of the ground's supporting capacity, also because the force employed for the ramming down operation is not described.
- the method according to the invention is based on establishing anchorage points which by means of recordable resistance force, permit a substantially more vertical path in the water for the catenaries concerned, in order thereby to reduce the length and weight of the catenaries, and to reduce the sea floor area which is occupied during an installation of a ready-installed system.
- the method requires and permits a high degree of accuracy in positioning of the anchorage points.
- a truncated pyramidal frame e.g., may be used consisting of one or more connected, e.g. inwardly sloping or vertically located legs, which are connected to one or more suction anchors, in order to become fixed to the bottom before an operation for ramming down an anchor.
- connected e.g. inwardly sloping or vertically located legs
- suction anchors in order to become fixed to the bottom before an operation for ramming down an anchor.
- wirelines To each of the upper ends of the frame legs there are attached wirelines, which are used for lowering the frame from the surface to the sea floor.
- Anchor holders for different anchors are mounted in a vertical position through the frame's suspension equipment before lowering to the sea floor or are inserted in the frame after it has been established on the sea floor.
- the cylindrical or square anchor holders concerned are hollow or solid and arranged for penetrating the sea floor, and by means of their design and extension in the longitudinal direction adapted to different bottom conditions.
- An anchor holder which is jetted, injected, pressed/pushed or lowered into established holes has simplified, flat plate attachments secured around both cylindrical and square hollow anchor holders.
- the common feature of the anchor holders with anchors concerned is that when the floating unit is moved they have to be left in their bed on the sea floor with a release mechanism which breaks the securing co-operation in the shackle between the anchor and catenary. This takes place under sea floor level if the anchor is left for good, and at sea floor level with a retrieval marker if the anchor is to be used again.
- Fig. 1 illustrates a truncated pyramidal frame 1 consisting of four connected inwardly sloping legs, which act as a ramming down ramp by securing and supporting the anchor holders and controlling penetration thereof.
- a frame with one or more vertically located legs is also a relevant design.
- the frame is connected to one or more suction anchors 2 in order to become fixed to the sea floor 3 before a ramming down operation.
- wirelines 4 which are used for lowering the frame 1 from the surface to the sea floor.
- Fig. 2 illustrates schematically a helically flanked threaded anchor 5 with an anchor cable 21 attached to the anchor holder 7 vertically disposed through the frame's 1 suspension equipment 6.
- the illustrated flank width and pitch exemplify the design of these anchors and are determined by the sea floor mass's geotechnical data in order to obtain recordable and predictable characteristics for resistance forces.
- Fig. 3 illustrates schematically a release mechanism arranged through a securing shackle for the catenary's attachment to the anchor with a tension spring 13 and piston 14.
- Fig. 4 illustrates a cylindrical solid anchor 15 with hinged attachment for two plate anchors 16 and 16' in the lower position vertically mounted in the frame's 1 suspension equipment 6, where the plate anchor oscillates 90° out and up to a locked position on the anchor body when the anchor is exposed to an upwardly directed force.
- This anchor is pressed/pushed down into the sea bed 3 by hydraulic cylinders 17 with a sliding rim 18.
- Fig. 5 illustrates a hollow metallic anchor holder 7 with a cylindrical or square cross section for lowering to the bottom by jetting with water nozzles 19 and injecting suspended vertically in the frame's 1 suspension equipment 6, where flat plate anchors 20 coupled to the anchor line 21 accompanying them during the lowering operation are set up, inside a square pipe also diagonally for folding out at a 90° angle to a locked position on the anchor body.
- Fig. 6 illustrates the anchor 15 with two plate anchors 16 and 16' for penetration of the sea floor 3 mounted vertically in the frame's 1 suspension equipment by means of a hydrostatic piston 22, which according to the prior art is lowered in a closed cylindrical container 23 from the surface at 1 bar pressure to, e.g., 1000 m at 100 bar, 5000 m at 500 bar etc., thus obtaining a power release when opening a sealing packing on the underside of the cylindrical container 23.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/402,264 US6273645B1 (en) | 1997-04-02 | 1998-04-01 | Position penetrated anchor system |
BR9807932-8A BR9807932A (en) | 1997-04-02 | 1998-04-01 | Positioned penetration anchoring system |
DE69805989T DE69805989D1 (en) | 1997-04-02 | 1998-04-01 | DRILLING RANK AND ITS USE |
CA002285349A CA2285349C (en) | 1997-04-02 | 1998-04-01 | Position penetrated anchor system |
EP98915072A EP0972114B1 (en) | 1997-04-02 | 1998-04-01 | Position penetrated anchor system and its use |
AU69340/98A AU725166B2 (en) | 1997-04-02 | 1998-04-01 | Position penetrated anchor system |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NO974444 | 1997-04-02 | ||
NO974444A NO974444A (en) | 1997-04-02 | 1997-09-26 | Method for establishing and connecting and disconnecting positioned point attachments down to varying seabed formations, as well as equipment for such |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1998046833A1 true WO1998046833A1 (en) | 1998-10-22 |
Family
ID=19901149
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/NO1998/000102 WO1998046833A1 (en) | 1997-04-02 | 1998-04-01 | Position penetrated anchor system |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AU (1) | AU725166B2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998046833A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL1034886C2 (en) * | 2008-01-03 | 2009-07-06 | Cortech Protect B V | Ground engagement device i.e. anchor, for anchoring e.g. ship, has elongated body with engagement element at one end, where engagement element has rotary connection for connecting element e.g. cable |
CN109398613A (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2019-03-01 | 合肥学院 | A kind of micro control device and its construction method reducing the loss of plate anchor buried depth |
WO2021154819A1 (en) * | 2020-01-27 | 2021-08-05 | Other Lab, Llc | Vehicle for installing anchors in an underwater substrate |
WO2023046980A1 (en) | 2021-09-27 | 2023-03-30 | Heerema Marine Contractors Nederland Se | Helical pile template and method thereof |
CN117882684A (en) * | 2024-03-14 | 2024-04-16 | 云南省生态环境科学研究院 | Sampling device and sampling method for benthonic animals in deep water lakes |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SE350556B (en) * | 1970-06-01 | 1972-10-30 | Stabilator Ab | |
DE2332418A1 (en) * | 1972-11-29 | 1974-05-30 | Nissan Motor | AIR CLEANER |
FR2444755A1 (en) * | 1978-12-20 | 1980-07-18 | Freyssinet Int Stup | Tubular anchor for use in movable ground - has solid helical collar on central shaft, giving auger construction and has fish tail end |
GB2148968A (en) * | 1983-11-05 | 1985-06-05 | Hsi Huan Lu | Recoverable ground anchor |
WO1995020075A1 (en) * | 1994-01-21 | 1995-07-27 | Johannes Rudolf Hogervorst | Method and apparatus for installing a hollow suction pile in the bottom of a body of water |
NO952476L (en) * | 1995-06-21 | 1996-12-23 | Karel Karal | Method and apparatus for installing anchors in a seabed |
-
1998
- 1998-04-01 AU AU69340/98A patent/AU725166B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-04-01 WO PCT/NO1998/000102 patent/WO1998046833A1/en active IP Right Grant
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SE350556B (en) * | 1970-06-01 | 1972-10-30 | Stabilator Ab | |
DE2332418A1 (en) * | 1972-11-29 | 1974-05-30 | Nissan Motor | AIR CLEANER |
FR2444755A1 (en) * | 1978-12-20 | 1980-07-18 | Freyssinet Int Stup | Tubular anchor for use in movable ground - has solid helical collar on central shaft, giving auger construction and has fish tail end |
GB2148968A (en) * | 1983-11-05 | 1985-06-05 | Hsi Huan Lu | Recoverable ground anchor |
WO1995020075A1 (en) * | 1994-01-21 | 1995-07-27 | Johannes Rudolf Hogervorst | Method and apparatus for installing a hollow suction pile in the bottom of a body of water |
NO952476L (en) * | 1995-06-21 | 1996-12-23 | Karel Karal | Method and apparatus for installing anchors in a seabed |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL1034886C2 (en) * | 2008-01-03 | 2009-07-06 | Cortech Protect B V | Ground engagement device i.e. anchor, for anchoring e.g. ship, has elongated body with engagement element at one end, where engagement element has rotary connection for connecting element e.g. cable |
CN109398613A (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2019-03-01 | 合肥学院 | A kind of micro control device and its construction method reducing the loss of plate anchor buried depth |
WO2021154819A1 (en) * | 2020-01-27 | 2021-08-05 | Other Lab, Llc | Vehicle for installing anchors in an underwater substrate |
CN115298088A (en) * | 2020-01-27 | 2022-11-04 | 奥特尔实验室有限责任公司 | Carrier for mounting an anchor in an underwater substrate |
US11565779B2 (en) | 2020-01-27 | 2023-01-31 | Other Lab, Llc | Vehicle for installing anchors in an underwater substrate |
WO2023046980A1 (en) | 2021-09-27 | 2023-03-30 | Heerema Marine Contractors Nederland Se | Helical pile template and method thereof |
NL2029259B1 (en) | 2021-09-27 | 2023-03-31 | Heerema Marine Contractors Nl | Helical pile template |
CN117882684A (en) * | 2024-03-14 | 2024-04-16 | 云南省生态环境科学研究院 | Sampling device and sampling method for benthonic animals in deep water lakes |
CN117882684B (en) * | 2024-03-14 | 2024-05-10 | 云南省生态环境科学研究院 | Sampling device and sampling method for benthonic animals in deep water lakes |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU725166B2 (en) | 2000-10-05 |
AU6934098A (en) | 1998-11-11 |
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