WO1998043034A1 - Pistolet actionne par gaz - Google Patents

Pistolet actionne par gaz Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1998043034A1
WO1998043034A1 PCT/AU1998/000202 AU9800202W WO9843034A1 WO 1998043034 A1 WO1998043034 A1 WO 1998043034A1 AU 9800202 W AU9800202 W AU 9800202W WO 9843034 A1 WO9843034 A1 WO 9843034A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
barrel
slide
frame
magazine
locking
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU1998/000202
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Bernard Christian Besselink
Original Assignee
Bernard Christian Besselink
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bernard Christian Besselink filed Critical Bernard Christian Besselink
Priority to US09/180,865 priority Critical patent/US6112636A/en
Publication of WO1998043034A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998043034A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A5/00—Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock
    • F41A5/18—Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock gas-operated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A5/00—Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock
    • F41A5/02—Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock recoil-operated
    • F41A5/04—Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock recoil-operated the barrel being tilted during recoil

Definitions

  • This invention relates to self-loading pistols and more particularly to self-loading pistols of the gas-operated type.
  • Self-loading pistols include semi-automatic pistols and automatic pistols in contrast to other types of pistols which do not self-load such as revolvers.
  • Semi-automatic pistols require discrete trigger operations, and automatic pistols continue to fire while the trigger remains depressed.
  • Self-loading pistols may be recoil-operated or gas- operated. Recoil-operated pistols receive the energy to operate their loading mechanism from the energy of recoil. Gas-operated pistols receive the energy to operate their loading mechanism from the energy derived from the propellant gas pressure in the barrel.
  • the recoil force drives the slidable superstructure of the pistol rearward on a horizontal platform built into a lower frame to extract the spent cartridge case from the firing chamber and eject it from the pistol.
  • the superstructure is then returned to the forward or battery position by a return spring and is adapted to strip the succeeding round from a magazine and insert it into the firing chamber.
  • Gas-operated pistols generally employ an expansion chamber beneath the barrel connected to the barrel by a passage. On firing the cartridge, propellant gas is bled via the passage into the chamber and the increase in gas pressure moves a piston rearwards. The rearward movement of the piston actuates the unlocking of the breech block from the barrel. Energy is transferred to the breech block. The breech block is able to slide rearward in the frame to extract the spent cartridge case from the firing chamber and eject it from the pistol. It continues the cycle as described for the recoil-operated pistol. Background Art
  • Self-loading pistols can be divided into a number of types such as pure blowback, delayed blowback, gas-operated, short-recoil-operated and long-recoil-operated.
  • the slidable superstructure consists only of a breech block slide.
  • the slide is not locked to the barrel and the barrel is fixed to the frame.
  • the recoil force starts to drive the slide rearwards thus commencing the extraction of the spent cartridge case.
  • part of the extraction occurs during the high pressure period of the firing cycle. If the slide is too light, the case is extracted too soon and case rupture will result, leading to a failure of the loading cycle and possible injury to the user.
  • the pure blowback type can only be used with low- powered cartridges since there is a practical limit to the mass of the slide. This type, however, is cheap to make and is quite common.
  • One such gas retarding arrangement consists of a piston attached to the slide and a cylinder attached to the frame.
  • the cylinder is connected by a passage to the barrel bore. After firing, a small amount of propellant gas is bled into the cylinder. As the slide recoils, the piston attached to the slide compresses the bled propellant gas, thus producing a retarding force.
  • the slidable superstructure comprises a breech block slide but, as well, it has a delaying mechanism.
  • the delaying mechanism is usually based on leverage in order to magnify the effective recoiling mass of the superstructure for a short period, thus reducing the extent of extraction of the spent cartridge case during the high pressure period of the firing cycle.
  • the slidable superstructure comprises a breech block slide, and the pistol has a gas chamber and piston located beneath the barrel.
  • the slide is locked to the barrel and the barrel is fixed to the frame.
  • the gas chamber is connected by a passage to the barrel bore.
  • the projectile travels along the barrel and passes the entrance to the passage and gas is bled into the chamber.
  • the gas pressure drives the piston to actuate an unlocking mechanism after the high pressure period has passed.
  • the breech block slide starts its rearward motion and begins extraction of the spent cartridge case using the energy provided by the piston and the residual gas pressure in the barrel. After extraction, the spent cartridge case is ejected. The slide continues until full travel is reached.
  • the cartridge case does not move while the bullet is in the barrel. Since the case is not able to move relative to the barrel until the slide is disengaged from the barrel and the operation is not dependent on the mass of the slidable superstructure, this type is used for very powerful cartridges.
  • the slidable superstructure consists of a barrel and a breech block slide.
  • the barrel Prior to the firing of the cartridge, the barrel is engaged to the breech block slide by a locking means. After firing, the recoil force drives both the slide and barrel rearwards, but since they are in engagement, the extraction of the case has not started.
  • an actuator After the high pressure period has passed, an actuator begins to disengage the barrel from the slide. The barrel travels a short distance before coming to rest forward of the magazine, hence short-recoil, and is completely disengaged from the slide.
  • the breech block slide continues and begins extraction of the spent cartridge case using its kinetic energy and the residual gas pressure in the barrel. After extraction, the spent cartridge case is ejected.
  • a limitation in self-loading pistols of current design is the high level of felt recoil when using very powerful cartridges.
  • Cartridges of the same type with the same bullet mass, propellant and propellant loading must produce the same recoil as the laws of physics demand.
  • This recoil force acts along the axis of the barrel.
  • the axis of the barrel of a self-loading pistol is located above the pivot point in the firer' s wrist and usually above the pivot point in the firer's shoulder.
  • On firing a self- loading pistol a moment is produced about these points. These moments produce a rotation of the firer's hand and an upward movement of the firer's arm.
  • the slidable superstructure of a self-loading pistol moves backwards on the frame after firing and causes a shift in the centre of mass of the pistol.
  • the final effect which occurs is the force from stopping the slidable superstructure at the end of its rearward travel.
  • the felt recoil is the combination of the effects described above.
  • High felt recoil affects the first round hit probability because the firer may flinch on firing in anticipation of the recoil. High felt recoil also reduces second round hit probability as it takes the firer longer to readjust his aim for the second shot.
  • the distance of the barrel of a self-loading pistol from the pivot point in the firer's wrist is a result of a number of factors.
  • the magazine containing the rounds of ammunition is located in the hand grip. Since the magazine must present a round at a certain angle for stripping, the angle of the grip to the frame is determined by the angle of the magazine to the barrel bore axis. The dimensions of the grip are also determined by the magazine. The angle of the grip determines how far the wrist is able to rotate the hand of the firer forward and downward. The further the hand of the firer is rotated forward and downward, the shorter the distance between the barrel axis and the pivot in the firer's wrist.
  • the size of the locking arrangements will determine how far the barrel must be positioned above the top of the magazine. The more bulky the locking arrangements, the higher the barrel must be above the top of the magazine and therefore the pivot point in the firer's wrist.
  • Target pistols tend to have an handgrip angle of about 60 degrees as compared to a commercial self-loading pistol with an angle of about 75 degrees.
  • a self-loading pistol of the gas-operated type comprises a frame having a handgrip adapted to be grasped by the user and a receiver in the frame adapted to releasably receive a magazine.
  • the magazine is adapted to be inserted into the receiver.
  • a slide member is slidably mounted for alternating longitudinal movement in the frame between a forward battery position and a rearward fully retracted position.
  • the slide member carries a feed block means which is adapted to extract a case from the firing chamber during its rearward movement and strip the succeeding round from the magazine during its forward movement. Neither the slide member nor the feed block means carries any mechanism for firing a cartridge.
  • a barrel is provided which is located forward of the magazine with the axis of the barrel bore when in the locked position below the lips of the magazine.
  • the barrel is adapted to rotate upwards so that at its highest position the opening to the firing chamber is uncovered and available for a case to be extracted.
  • the rear portion of the barrel is provided with a lug or lugs to positively engage a recess or recesses in the frame during the high pressure period of the firing cycle.
  • the muzzle end of the barrel is rotatably mounted to the frame about a transverse axis.
  • the frame is provided with a breech closure means which covers the breech opening of the firing chamber when the barrel is in its lowest and locked position and prevents rearward movement of the cartridge case during the high pressure period.
  • the frame carries a firing means to fire the cartridge after pulling the trigger.
  • An actuating means is provided which rotates the barrel from its lowest and locked position to its highest position after the high pressure period has passed.
  • the actuating means rotates the barrel to its lowest and locked position during the return of the slide member to the battery position.
  • a force means is provided on the forward end of the barrel.
  • the force means communicates with the barrel bore via a passage or passages such that propellant gases act to operate the actuating means.
  • a return spring urges the slide means to return to the battery position *
  • the projectile moves forward along the barrel bore. Prior to exiting the barrel, it passes and uncovers the entrance or entrances to the passage or passages communicating with the barrel bore. As a result, some of the propellant gases provide energy for the force means.
  • the force means acts on the slide means and the actuating means.
  • the actuating means starts to rotate the barrel upwards from its lowest position.
  • the slide means moves rearwards to begin the extraction and loading cycle.
  • the barrel rotation continues under the influence of the actuating means until it is stopped and held at its highest position. At the highest position of the barrel, the breech opening is clear of the breech closure means and the cartridge case is able to be extracted.
  • the feed block means extracts the cartridge case as the feed block means moves rearwards under the influence of the slide means. The feed block means continues rearward to eject the spent cartridge case from the pistol. The feed block means continues until it reaches its rearward fully retracted position.
  • the return spring urges the slide means forward. This action urges the feed block means forward. As the feed block reaches the magazine, the succeeding round is stripped from the magazine in the usual manner and inserted into the firing chamber.
  • the barrel is urged downwards from its highest position under the action of the actuating means. In its lowest position, the barrel is engaged with the frame via the locking means and the opening of the firing chamber is closed off by the breech closure means.
  • a passage may be a circular hole, a slot or other orifice.
  • the type of force means may be gas pressure or gas impulse.
  • the advantage of the present invention with respect to other gas-operated self-loading pistols is that the present invention provides a better solution to the problem of strong felt recoil when using relatively powerful ammunition.
  • the felt recoil for a pistol according to the invention is less than that of a conventional self-loading pistol of the same power. This is a result of the low barrel position and the high hand position possible which produces a smaller moment relative to the shooter's hand than conventional pistols. Furthermore, the mass of rearward moving parts is less since they are able to be of a lighter construction as they do not need to withstand barrel pressures and do not carry a firing mechanism. The rearward moving parts carry no barrel locking elements and are only required for extraction and loading.
  • the first preferred embodiment of the invention comprises a gas-operated self-loading pistol in which the locking means comprises a locking lug located on the underside of the barrel and a matching locking recess located in the frame under the barrel.
  • the slide means carries the actuating means and the feed block means.
  • the actuating means comprises a protuberance located on one side of the slide means on its inside surface towards the muzzle end of the pistol.
  • the protuberance is adapted to engage a cam slot formed in the side of the barrel.
  • a cam slot comprises a forward inclined section which acts to rotate the barrel in the vertical plane and a rear section which is aligned parallel to the barrel axis.
  • the feed block means is carried at the rear end of the slide means.
  • the feed block means is slidably mounted to the slide means.
  • the rear end of the feed block means carries a feed block locking means which is in locking engagement with the frame while the barrel is rotating upwards to prevent rearward movement of the feed block means until the barrel is in its highest position.
  • a firing means of the double action type is provided which comprises a firing pin, a hammer, a hammer connecting rod substantially parallel to the barrel axis, and a striker means mounted under the barrel.
  • the force means comprises a piston and cylinder mounted on the top of the front end of the barrel where the rear end of the piston is connection with the slide member.
  • the force means may also use gas impulse jets to impinge on the component carrying the actuating means.
  • a self-loading pistol provides a novel means for reducing felt recoil to a firer.
  • Figure 1 represents a side elevation of a pistol according to the invention, with a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the forward part of the pistol, and with the slide means in the battery position and the trigger not depressed.
  • Figure 2 represents a side elevation of a pistol according to the invention, with a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the forward part of the pistol, and with the slide means in the fully retracted position and the barrel in the uppermost position.
  • the illustrated self-loading pistol embodying the subject invention is of the gas- operated type using a unique method of locking whereby the barrel rotates upwards to uncover the mouth of the breech chamber.
  • the illustrated gas-operated pistol has the overall configuration of conventional pistols.
  • the gas-operated pistol illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 comprises a frame 1 having a handgrip 2 including a receiver adapted to receive a magazine.
  • a barrel 4 has a front barrel pivot 5 at its forward end adapted to allow rotation about a transverse axis below the barrel. The rear of the barrel 4 is cradled in the locking block 6 when in the firing position.
  • a slide means 3 is mounted for alternating longitudinal movement in frame 1 in an inclined manner.
  • the slide means 3 is mounted above and partially surrounding the barrel 4.
  • the slide means 3 has protuberance in the form of a stud 7 located to one side of barrel 4 and located towards the forward end of the slide means 3.
  • the slide means 3 carries the feed block means 8 in its rear section.
  • the feed block means 8 has studs 10 either side at its front top end which slide in slots 11 in the slide means 3 on either side.
  • the rear end of the feed block means 8 has a slot 12 through which passes a transverse pin 13 carried by the slide means 3.
  • the rear end of the feed block means 8 also has a feed block locking means 14 which engages the frame 1 and prevents rearward movement of the feed block 8 until the barrel 4 is in the fully upwards position.
  • the front barrel mount 15 is adapted to engage the one end of the return spring 16.
  • the barrel 4 has a barrel locking lug 9 located substantially below the firing chamber 17.
  • the barrel locking lug 9 and the locking recess 18 comprise the locking means.
  • the subject invention differs to conventional pistols in that it has the novel feature of a barrel which rotates upwards for extraction of a cartridge.
  • the actuating means comprises a stud 7 fixed to inside of the slide means 3 and a cam slot 19 formed in the side of the barrel 4.
  • a cam slot 19 has an inclined section at its forward end which enables the stud 7 to urge the barrel 4 upwards relative to the frame 1 and to rotate the barrel 4.
  • a cam slot 19 has a section which is aligned parallel to the barrel axis and is able to maintain a substantially constant angle of the barrel 4 in its upper position relative to the frame 1.
  • the subject invention is provided with a helical coil return spring 16 mounted above and axially parallel to the slide member 3.
  • the trigger mechanism is mounted forward of the magazine.
  • the general operation of the pistol allows the firing of a round.
  • the barrel 4 is locked to the frame 1 via the locking block 6 and the breech closure means 20 attached to the locking block 6 prevents rearward movement of the cartridge case.
  • the projectile passes and uncovers the entrance to the passage 21.
  • Some of the propellant gases pass through the passage 21 to the cylinder 22.
  • the gas force urges the piston 23 and piston rod 24 rearwards.
  • the piston rod 24 is connected to the slide means 3 and so it moves rearwards. Since the stud 7 of the actuating means is mounted on the slide means 3 the stud 7 acts on the inclined section of a cam slot 19 to begin rotation of the barrel 4 upwards. The rotation of barrel 4 begins after the projectile has left the barrel 4.
  • the feed block means 8 is unable to move rearwards at this stage as it is locked to the frame 1 by feed block locking means 14.
  • the barrel 4 continues to rotate upwards.
  • the stud 7 has reached the transition point from the inclined section to the rear section of the cam slot 19, the barrel 4 is at its highest position.
  • the barrel 4 has completely disengaged from the locking block 6 and the frame 1 and the breech opening is in front of the face of the feed block means 8.
  • the slide means 3 continues rearward and the pin 13 actuates the feed block locking means 14 to unlock the feed block means 7 from its engagement with the frame 1.
  • the feed block means 8 extracts the spent cartridge case and ejects it from the pistol.
  • the slide means 3 continues until it obtains its rearward fully retracted position.
  • the return spring 16 urges the slide means 3 and feed block means 8 forward.
  • the feed block means 8 reaches the magazine, the succeeding round is stripped from the magazine in the usual manner.
  • the round is inserted into the firing chamber 17 while the barrel 4 is in its highest position.
  • the feed block locking means 14 engages the feed block means 8 to the frame 1.
  • the slide means 3 continues forward the stud 7 enters the inclined section of the cam slot 19 and the barrel 4 is urged downward from its highest position.
  • the barrel 4 is rotated downwards so that the barrel locking lug 9 engages the locking recess 6 and the breech opening is in front of the breech closure means 20.
  • the stud 7 has reached its most forward position in the cam slot 19 the locking alignment is complete and the slide member 3 stops its forward motion.
  • the barrel 4 and slide means 3 have completed the operational cycle and returned to the battery position and the weapon is ready for firing.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)

Abstract

Pistolet actionné par gaz comportant une carcasse (1) dotée d'un sabot de crosse (2) et conçue pour recevoir un chargeur. Un organe coulissant (3) est monté de façon à pouvoir subir un mouvement longitudinal alternatif le long de la carcasse (1). Un canon (4) du pistolet est susceptible de pivoter au niveau de sa bouche (5) et de tourner vers le haut à partir d'un accouplement de verrouillage avec la carcasse, obtenu par l'intermédiaire d'un organe de verrouillage (6 et 9), afin de permettre le retrait d'une cartouche. Un organe d'actionnement (7 et 19) fait tourner le canon (4) vers le haut, une fois écoulée la période de haute pression. Un barillet (22), qui est disposé au dessus du canon (4), communique avec l'alésage du canon par l'intermédiaire d'un passage (21). L'action de gaz propulseurs dans le barillet (22) dirigés sur le piston (23) pousse l'élément coulissant (3) vers l'arrière. Cet agencement réduit l'effet de recul ressenti par le tireur lorsque celui-ci utilise des cartouches très puissantes.
PCT/AU1998/000202 1997-03-26 1998-03-25 Pistolet actionne par gaz WO1998043034A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/180,865 US6112636A (en) 1998-03-25 1998-03-25 Gas-operated pistol

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPO5852 1997-03-26
AUPO5852A AUPO585297A0 (en) 1997-03-26 1997-03-26 Gas-operated pistol

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1998043034A1 true WO1998043034A1 (fr) 1998-10-01

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ID=3800154

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AU1998/000202 WO1998043034A1 (fr) 1997-03-26 1998-03-25 Pistolet actionne par gaz

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AU (1) AUPO585297A0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1998043034A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1106953A2 (fr) * 1999-12-10 2001-06-13 FABBRICA D'ARMI P.BERETTA S.p.A. Fusil de chasse amélioré à action de gaz
GB2424941A (en) * 2005-04-08 2006-10-11 Bubb Anthony John Allen Airgun and exchangeable gas reservoir arrangement

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3273460A (en) * 1965-06-14 1966-09-20 James D Mason Firearm with gas operated breech block unlocking means
US4703826A (en) * 1985-02-04 1987-11-03 Red Eye Arms, Inc. Polymer gun
WO1995016178A1 (fr) * 1993-12-09 1995-06-15 Bernard Christian Besselink Mecanisme de verrouillage d'une arme a feu

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3273460A (en) * 1965-06-14 1966-09-20 James D Mason Firearm with gas operated breech block unlocking means
US4703826A (en) * 1985-02-04 1987-11-03 Red Eye Arms, Inc. Polymer gun
WO1995016178A1 (fr) * 1993-12-09 1995-06-15 Bernard Christian Besselink Mecanisme de verrouillage d'une arme a feu

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1106953A2 (fr) * 1999-12-10 2001-06-13 FABBRICA D'ARMI P.BERETTA S.p.A. Fusil de chasse amélioré à action de gaz
JP2001227898A (ja) * 1999-12-10 2001-08-24 Fab Darmi P Beretta Spa 改良されたガス圧式ショットガン
EP1106953A3 (fr) * 1999-12-10 2002-12-11 FABBRICA D'ARMI P.BERETTA S.p.A. Fusil de chasse amélioré à action de gaz
GB2424941A (en) * 2005-04-08 2006-10-11 Bubb Anthony John Allen Airgun and exchangeable gas reservoir arrangement
GB2424941B (en) * 2005-04-08 2007-03-21 Bubb Anthony John Allen Airgun

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AUPO585297A0 (en) 1997-04-24

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