WO1998041863A1 - Supports pour analyses multiples simultanees - Google Patents

Supports pour analyses multiples simultanees Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998041863A1
WO1998041863A1 PCT/US1997/003900 US9703900W WO9841863A1 WO 1998041863 A1 WO1998041863 A1 WO 1998041863A1 US 9703900 W US9703900 W US 9703900W WO 9841863 A1 WO9841863 A1 WO 9841863A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
testing
reservoir
zones
sample
test
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1997/003900
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Richard J. Clatch
Original Assignee
Compucyte Corp.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Compucyte Corp. filed Critical Compucyte Corp.
Priority to PCT/US1997/003900 priority Critical patent/WO1998041863A1/fr
Priority to AU22081/97A priority patent/AU2208197A/en
Publication of WO1998041863A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998041863A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
    • G01N33/54366—Apparatus specially adapted for solid-phase testing
    • G01N33/54386—Analytical elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
    • B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
    • B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
    • B01L2300/0809—Geometry, shape and general structure rectangular shaped
    • B01L2300/0816—Cards, e.g. flat sample carriers usually with flow in two horizontal directions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
    • B01L2300/0861—Configuration of multiple channels and/or chambers in a single devices
    • B01L2300/0864—Configuration of multiple channels and/or chambers in a single devices comprising only one inlet and multiple receiving wells, e.g. for separation, splitting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
    • B01L2300/0887—Laminated structure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2400/00—Moving or stopping fluids
    • B01L2400/04—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means
    • B01L2400/0403—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces
    • B01L2400/0406—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces capillary forces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
    • G01N30/90—Plate chromatography, e.g. thin layer or paper chromatography

Definitions

  • This invention relates to diagnostic testing procedures and testing vehicles such as glass or plastic plates and particularly to microscope slides used in laser scanning cytometry.
  • Microscope diagnostic characterization of hematologic neoplasms is increasingly dependent on immunophenotypic analysis, often performed by flow cytometry.
  • Immunophenotyping by flow cytometry provides objective data that is necessary for the subclassification of leukemia and lymphoma, and that can often definitely establish or exclude a diagnosis of malignancy in seemingly borderline cases.
  • Immunophenotyping of peripheral blood leukocyte subsets is also an important laboratory indicator for patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) .
  • HIV human immunodeficiency virus
  • Flow cytometers are used routinely to provide dual antibody profiles using patient blood and other specimens such as tissue biopsies. Each set of dual measurement requires a separate tube containing cells treated with two antibodies.
  • Each tube is independently run on the flow cytometer and the results of all measurements are combined on a report. Although it is possible to measure as many as four different antibodies at the same time on each cell with a flow cytometer, this is technically difficult and expensive. Therefore, multiple aliquots of dual antibodies are more commonly utilized.
  • Drawbacks of flow cytometry include relatively large specimen size requirements and the inability to microscopically examine the cells being studied. Furthermore, in order to normally accomplish multi-parameter immunophenotyping (greater than four immunofluorescent antibodies per specimen) , flow cytometric analysis requires that separate subsets of a single specimen be manually or robotically placed within the flow cytometer and analyzed separately. Until now, alternatives to flow cytometry have been few, including only immunohistochemical methods that suffer from a lack of automation and objectivity, and that generally compromise the number of antigens that can be analyzed.
  • a device referred to as a laser scanning cytometer, available from CompuCyte Corp. (under the trademark "LSC", as described in US Patent No. 5,072,382, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference thereto) , has been recently developed which provides an alternative to flow cytometric immunophenotyping, and offers several unique advantages. Similar to flow cytometry, laser scanning cytometry provides objective automated, multi-color analyses of hematologic cell suspensions, stained by using conventional immunofluorescent techniques. However, laser scanning cytometry also allows for the visual examination of individual cells both during and after analysis, and makes possible the analysis of very small diagnostic samples, such as those obtained via fine needle aspiration biopsy.
  • LSC laser scanning cytometer
  • Preparation of a specimen for immunophenotypic analysis is performed by reacting aliquoted subsets of that specimen (typically constituting a suspension of purified hemopoietic or lymphoreticular cells) with various mixtures of fluorochrome- labelled antibodies. After this reaction, the aliquoted subsets are washed and analyzed individually via flow cytometry or laser scanning cytometry. Typically each aliquot is reacted simultaneously with a mixture of up to four different antibodies labelled with different fluorochromes . This is possible because of differences in the spectral characteristics of the fluorochromes utilized and because the instrumentation of flow cytometer or the laser scanning cytometer is designed to simultaneously but discretely assay emitted light from such fluorochromes .
  • Figure 1 is a top view of a multi-chambered slide of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a side view of the slide of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a top view of a second embodiment of a multi-chambered slide of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a side view of the slide of Figure 3 ;
  • Figures 5a-g are multiple profile test results from a single sample, obtained by using the multi-chambered slide of Figures 1 and 2.
  • Figures 6a-e are test results obtained by using prior art individual test sample runs with single tube assays.
  • the present invention comprises a multiple simultaneous testing media device and testing method, which utilizes the ability of a laser scanning cytometer to geographically locate and distinguish different regions of one or more specimens constituting a single analysis.
  • the preferred embodiment of the device comprises a substrate such as a glass or plastic plate which is partitioned into two or more testing chamber zones with each of the zones having been pre-loaded with a stable test reactant .
  • the testing zones are physically separated from one another but are connected, with a fluid flow connection, to a single sample reservoir which simultaneously feeds, such as by capillary action, each of the testing zones with a test portion of the testing sample.
  • the testing zones retain the individual portions for a time sufficient to effect the individual zone reactions with pre-loaded reagents.
  • An optional outflow reservoir is utilized to capture excess sample flow and flushing fluids.
  • the individual test reactants are separately loaded into the testing chamber zones together with the individual test portions samples or thereafter into the test portions, by means such as pipetting.
  • the present invention further comprises a method of conducting at least two simultaneous tests with a laser scanning cytometer, with a single test sample on a single glass or plastic plate such as a microscope slide, said method comprising the steps of: a. providing the plate or slide with a test sample reservoir and at least two separated sample portion troughs in fluid connection with the reservoir; b. providing each of the sample troughs with a stable reactant for a test sample, preferably prior to introduction of the test sample; c. placing a fluid test sample in said reservoir wherein fluid connection means causes portions of the test sample to flow into each of the at least two separated sample portion troughs; d.
  • the device comprises a loading vehicle for laser scanning cytometry in which different geographic regions of the loading vehicle correlate with different test conditions. With respect to immunophenotypic analysis, this provides for multiple simultaneous reactions of one or more samples with multiple mixtures of fluorochrome-labelled antibodies.
  • the vehicle is then loaded into a laser scanning cytometer; and, by means of a single comprehensive analysis of the material on the loading vehicle, multiple reaction mixtures or "geographic aliquots" of one or more specimens are assayed automatically.
  • Various embodiments of the present invention relating to immunophenotypic analysis, can be broadly divided into two groups.
  • One group relies on cells becoming affixed to the loading device whereas the other relies on the cells not becoming affixed.
  • Affixation of lymphoreticular cells to a glass or plastic surface within the loading device is largely a function of cell type, the physical characteristics of the surface, and the manner in which the cells and surface are brought together.
  • cells become affixed to a surface within the loading device, which is essentially a modified glass or plastic plate or conveniently a microscope slide.
  • the plate is divided into several geographic regions either horizontally or vertically. It is preferred to create regions oriented horizontally (x-axis) in the device, in order to take greatest advantage of the direction of movement of the stage of the laser scanning cytometer, but vertically (y-axis) oriented regions work equally well.
  • a simple, yet effective manner of creating the six horizontally (x-axis) oriented regions is by means of very thin (e.g., 1 mm) strips of polymeric based double-stick adhesive tape, essentially inert to standard test specimens.
  • very thin strips of polymeric based double-stick adhesive tape essentially inert to standard test specimens.
  • Two or three thicknesses of conventional Scotch ® brand Double Stick Tape works exceptionally well. Since a glass microscope slide is approximately 25 mm in vertical (y axis) dimension, six regions, i.e., chamber zones, are created with each having an approximate width of 2.5 mm. The regions are formed with 10 mm length x 1 mm width strips of tape being placed on the glass slide, as region boundaries.
  • the regions are covered with a 24 x 40 mm glass coverslip to create six geometrically separate open ended capillary gap chambers within a single loading device.
  • a trough or specimen reservoir is formed whereby fluids placed in the trough simultaneously enter all six chambers.
  • the loading device is unitarily molded out of plastic, or assembled from plastic and glass.
  • fluorochrome-labelled antibodies can be preloaded into the chambers, with each chamber holding a different antibody combination. These antibodies are most advantageously preloaded prior to sale of the device, and may be either in a stable liquid or dried state. Antibodies predried within separate chambers prior to coverslipping have maintained their immunologic and fluorescent activity to a significant degree .
  • the method of using the device for immunophenotyping comprises initial loading of a single aliquot of a relatively small specimen (approximately 300 ⁇ l containing approximately 200,000 cells) into the trough, which automatically fills all six chambers completely (approximately 50 ⁇ l each) .
  • the suspension of cells mixes with the antibodies specific to each chamber and is allowed to react for approximately 30 minutes at room temperature. If untreated glass microscope slides are used to make the device, more than 90% of the cells will have settled and become affixed to the slide surface at the end of this time.
  • Immunophenotypic analysis using a geographically partitioned loading device wherein the cells do not become affixed to a surface within the device has some advantages as compared with the embodiment described above but, may also have greater disadvantages and is less preferred.
  • the loading device for this embodiment is similarly created using a glass microscope slide, double stick tape, and a coverslip.
  • each capillary chamber is itself partitioned into two regions, one quite small (5 ⁇ l volume) at the entrance end of the chamber and another relatively large (45 ⁇ l volume) in the middle and at the exit end of the chamber.
  • the two regions of each chamber are connected by only a small gap through which cells and diluent can flow only if sufficient volume pressure is applied to the loading end of the chamber.
  • the different antibodies may be preloaded into the 5 ⁇ l regions of the chambers and remain in liquid or dry state as described above.
  • a trough (or reservoir) similar to that described above is utilized to automatically load specimens into each of the six chambers.
  • the immunologic reactions are occurring in only 5 ⁇ l of volume and so the quantity of antibody necessary is far less (l/lOth of that as described above) and the specimen must be 10 times more concentrated but in l/lOth the volume.
  • 200,000 cells would be loaded in only 30 ⁇ l of diluent.
  • the trough is filled with 270 ⁇ l of diluent, which is sufficient to force the cells from the 5 ⁇ l region of each chamber into the larger 45 ⁇ l region.
  • An advantage of this embodiment is that all reagents remain completely within the device and do not need to be drained or absorbed from the exit end of the chambers. /An additional advantage is the savings with respect to quantities of antibody used.
  • a device having two region chambers, as described is made with a non-sticky surface within the 5 ⁇ l chamber and a sticky surface within the 45 ⁇ l chamber.
  • the dimensions of the troughs or chambers are controlled to provide known volumes via known (or determinable) chamber depths, in order to ascertain characteristics of the separately tested and laser scanned samples in each of the chambers .
  • the LSCTM laser scanning cytometer containes software which counts the various cells in each region of a scattergram as well as cells displayed on the scattergram and is able to provide the ratio of cells counted in a region to all cells displayed on the scattergram. It is a very useful feature for the cytometer to provide both absolute counts of numbers of each cell type found per cubic millimeter, as well as percentages of each cell type relative to total cells measured.
  • the counts are based on measurement of a known specimen volume.
  • an initial specimen is precisely diluted prior to placement on the loading vehicle and the cytometer determines the volume of each testing chamber to obtain precise volumetric count.
  • the individual chamber depth is made with a known fixed thickness.
  • the laser scanning cytometer is capable of scanning over a fixed known area by fixing the extent of the laser scan that is digitized and keeping track of the number of known step size steps that are moved in the perpendicular direction to complete the assay.
  • the assay volume can be calculated, with the absolute count being thereby related to the undiluted absolute count, by the dilution factor.
  • the cytometer itself is modified to measure the depth of the chamber prior to scanning the specimen. A manner of effecting such measurement is by automatically focussing on indicia printed on the two inner surfaces which define the chamber depth and measuring the distance between the focus points.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram of the Loading Vehicle (LV) 10 (shown as a microscope slide) made by applying double stick tape to a standard microscope slide in the areas 1, as spacer elements. Application of the tape in this pattern creates a set of horizontal chambers 2a-f, each connected to a specimen insertion trough (specimen reservoir) 3 and an exit trough 4.
  • LV Loading Vehicle
  • four ⁇ l of a mixture of two antibodies are added to each horizontal chamber, which antibodies are specific to proteins on the surface or within human white blood cells.
  • One of these antibodies CD19, conjugated to the dye phycoeritherin (PE) is used in all chambers (five of the chambers are described as being actually used in the example) .
  • PE dye phycoeritherin
  • the other antibodies are conjugated to the dye fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) .
  • FITC dye fluorescein isothiocyanate
  • the second antibody added to each successive chamber (2a-2e) is specific for CD3 , CD5, CD10, Kappa and Lambda.
  • the antibodies are allowed to dry to a gel at which time a cover slip glass 5 (more clearly seen in Figure 2) is applied over the double stick tape.
  • Figure 3 shows an alternative loading vehicle 10' with imbedded chambers 2a' -f, in which the chambers are formed within the substrate rather than with spacer tape 1 as in Figures 1-2.
  • the cells are stained within the single loading device of Figures 1 and 2, for microscopic examination.
  • Approximately 500 ⁇ l of the desired staining solutions are placed in succession into the trough in the loading vehicle and allowing them to drain through by gravity or by being drawn into absorbent material at the exit end of the capillary chamber. More than 90% of the cells are retained within the loading device, in part aided by the fact that most staining procedures for light microscopy begin with an organic solvent fixation.
  • one single specimen can be used for immunophenotyping and subsequent microscopic examination making full use of the LSC's capability to relocalize for visualization only cells that meet particular user-defined criteria of fluorescence, light scatter, size, etc.
  • the testing vehicle of partitioned microscope slide 10 of Figures 1 and 2 is utilized, with 240 ⁇ l of a phosphate buffered saline suspension of human benign lymphoid cells from a hyperplastic tonsil being pipetted into specimen trough 3 therein. After 15 minutes, phosphate buffered saline is added to the insertion trough and an exit trough 4 is wicked, in order to wash the cells now adhered to the microscope slide.
  • the slide is placed on the stage of an LSCTM (laser scanning cytometer from CompuCyte Corp.) scanning device and the protocol of the device is set to make it scan a pattern consisting of a set of single strips each centered along each horizontal chamber.
  • the LSC device images a 5 micron diameter laser beam on the slide surface in a scan pattern which consists of a series of vertical lines approximately 300 microns in length along a strip which, in this case, is 50 mm long.
  • the LSC is set to measure three properties of each cell encountered by the laser beam, forward angle light scatter (FALS) used to detect the presence of and contour or delineate each cell, green fluorescence to measure FITC, and red fluorescence to measure PE.
  • FALS forward angle light scatter
  • Figures 5a-g Results of the run of the specimen are shown in Figures 5a-g.
  • Figure 5a provides the area versus FITC peak for all cells used to gate single cells.
  • Figure 5b is a map of the loading vehicle slide showing the cells in each lane or chamber.
  • Figures 5c-g are a series of scattergrams which display dots representing each cell measured, the coordinates of which are proportional to each of two measurements.
  • the first scattergram ( Figure 5a) of the area of each cell as measured using FALS and peak FITC fluorescence is used to isolate single cell events from multiple cell events and debris. Only cells which have coordinates within the single cell gate area are presented as input to the other displays.
  • the second scattergram ( Figure 5b) , in which the X and Y position of each cell is plotted, is used to gate all of the cells measured into five different scattergrams ( Figures 5c-g) , each one of which now obtains data from a single different scan strip corresponding to each horizontal chamber of the vehicle of Figure 1.
  • Each of the scattergrams (5c-g) which use logarithmic scales, show a plot of each cell's FITC versus PE fluorescence resulting from the antibody reactions in its corresponding chamber (CD19 in each chamber with CD3 , CD5, CD10, Kappa and Lambda in each of Figures 5c-g, respectively) .
  • Each of these scattergrams are divided into four quadrants .
  • the number of cells in each quadrant can be tabulated to obtain a numerical value for the number of cells positive or negative for each combination of two antibodies. These values are printable on a report, thereby providing useful diagnostic information to a clinician.
  • Example illustrates results obtained with prior art individual testing methods, wherein the results are essentially indistinguishable from that of the present invention.
  • Example 2 A portion of a specimen from the same source as that used in Example 1 is divided into aliquots in microtiter tubes, with each aliquot being reacted with a different pair of fluorochrome-labelled antibodies (the same pairs as in Example 1) .
  • the cells are then washed by centrifugation and a drop from each microtiter tube is placed on each of separate slides, with data being acquired with the LSC scanning device for each slide aliquot individually.
  • pre- impregnated pads or some other potentially disposable means of delivering the antibody pairs or groups to a layer of affixed cells is preferred in order to eliminate time consuming and technically demanding pipetting, as well as to automatically create geographic checkerboards of different antibody mixtures.
  • pre- impregnated pads may be designed to contain antibody panels specific for different clinical differential diagnoses, thereby reducing waste for hospital laboratories.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
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Abstract

Un dispositif support d'analyse fixe comprend une plaque en verre ou en plastique (10) et, de manière appropriée, une lame de microscope, avec lesquelles on effectue simultanément de multiples analyses sur un seul échantillon subdivisé. La plaque ou lame (10) est divisée en au moins deux zones d'analyse (2a-2f), dont chacune a de préférence été préchargée avec un réactif d'analyse stable. Les zones d'analyse sont physiquement séparées les unes des autres mais sont reliées, via une connexion fluidique, à un réservoir (3) d'échantillons unique (3) qui amène simultanément à toutes les zones d'analyse, par effet capillaire par exemple, une partie à analyser de l'échantillon. Les zones d'analyse retiennent les différentes parties pendant une durée suffisante pour que se produisent les différentes réactions avec les réactifs préchargés. Un réservoir de sortie optionnel (4) permet de recueillir le flux d'échantillon et les fluides de rinçage excédentaires. Les échantillons cellulaires soumis à une cytométrie par balayage laser peuvent être mis à réagir simultanément, avec divers pigments fluorescents par exemple, de façon à fournir une série de profils d'analyse avec un seul échantillon et une seule technique d'analyse.
PCT/US1997/003900 1997-03-14 1997-03-14 Supports pour analyses multiples simultanees WO1998041863A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US1997/003900 WO1998041863A1 (fr) 1997-03-14 1997-03-14 Supports pour analyses multiples simultanees
AU22081/97A AU2208197A (en) 1997-03-14 1997-03-14 Multiple simultaneous testing media

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PCT/US1997/003900 WO1998041863A1 (fr) 1997-03-14 1997-03-14 Supports pour analyses multiples simultanees

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Cited By (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001007915A2 (fr) * 1999-07-26 2001-02-01 The Government Of The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health & Human Services, The National Institutes Of Health Methode et dispositif d'analyse de specimens biologiques
WO2001043875A1 (fr) * 1999-12-17 2001-06-21 Zeptosens Ag Ensemble de cellules d'ecoulement et son utilisation dans la determination de plusieurs analyses
US6969615B2 (en) 1999-07-26 2005-11-29 20/20 Genesystems, Inc. Methods, devices, arrays and kits for detecting and analyzing biomolecules
US7214477B1 (en) 1999-07-26 2007-05-08 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Department Of Health And Human Services Layered device with capture regions for cellular analysis
GB2447296A (en) * 2007-03-09 2008-09-10 Mediwatch Uk Ltd Method and apparatus for performing test to locate a chosen analyte
US7838222B2 (en) 1999-07-26 2010-11-23 United States of America/ NIH Methods, devices and kits for multiplex blotting of biological samples from multi-well plates
US8283158B2 (en) 2002-11-25 2012-10-09 The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health And Human Services Method and apparatus for performing multiple simultaneous manipulations of biomolecules in a two dimensional array

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US3799742A (en) * 1971-12-20 1974-03-26 C Coleman Miniaturized integrated analytical test container
US4963498A (en) * 1985-08-05 1990-10-16 Biotrack Capillary flow device
US5072382A (en) * 1989-10-02 1991-12-10 Kamentsky Louis A Methods and apparatus for measuring multiple optical properties of biological specimens
US5296375A (en) * 1992-05-01 1994-03-22 Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania Mesoscale sperm handling devices

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3799742A (en) * 1971-12-20 1974-03-26 C Coleman Miniaturized integrated analytical test container
US4963498A (en) * 1985-08-05 1990-10-16 Biotrack Capillary flow device
US5072382A (en) * 1989-10-02 1991-12-10 Kamentsky Louis A Methods and apparatus for measuring multiple optical properties of biological specimens
US5296375A (en) * 1992-05-01 1994-03-22 Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania Mesoscale sperm handling devices

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7214477B1 (en) 1999-07-26 2007-05-08 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Department Of Health And Human Services Layered device with capture regions for cellular analysis
WO2001007915A2 (fr) * 1999-07-26 2001-02-01 The Government Of The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health & Human Services, The National Institutes Of Health Methode et dispositif d'analyse de specimens biologiques
US8779312B2 (en) 1999-07-26 2014-07-15 United States of America/NIH Method and device for analyzing biomolecules with track-etched polymeric layers
US6602661B1 (en) 1999-07-26 2003-08-05 20/20 Genesystems, Inc. Methods and arrays for detecting biomolecules
AU771499B2 (en) * 1999-07-26 2004-03-25 Government of The United States of America, as represented by The Secretary Department of Health & Human Services, The National Institutes of Health, The Layered device with capture regions for cellular analysis
US6969615B2 (en) 1999-07-26 2005-11-29 20/20 Genesystems, Inc. Methods, devices, arrays and kits for detecting and analyzing biomolecules
WO2001007915A3 (fr) * 1999-07-26 2001-04-05 Us Health Methode et dispositif d'analyse de specimens biologiques
US7838222B2 (en) 1999-07-26 2010-11-23 United States of America/ NIH Methods, devices and kits for multiplex blotting of biological samples from multi-well plates
US7358079B2 (en) 1999-12-17 2008-04-15 Bayer Technology Services Gmbh Flow cell array and the utilization thereof for multianalyte determination
US7678565B2 (en) 1999-12-17 2010-03-16 Bayer Technology Services Gmbh Flow cell array and the utilization thereof for multianalyte determination
US8053225B2 (en) 1999-12-17 2011-11-08 Bayer Technology Services Gmbh Flow cell array and the utilization thereof for multianalyte determination
WO2001043875A1 (fr) * 1999-12-17 2001-06-21 Zeptosens Ag Ensemble de cellules d'ecoulement et son utilisation dans la determination de plusieurs analyses
US8283158B2 (en) 2002-11-25 2012-10-09 The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health And Human Services Method and apparatus for performing multiple simultaneous manipulations of biomolecules in a two dimensional array
GB2447296A (en) * 2007-03-09 2008-09-10 Mediwatch Uk Ltd Method and apparatus for performing test to locate a chosen analyte

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