WO1998036187A1 - Realisation de preforme fibreuse annulaire par enroulement de ruban - Google Patents
Realisation de preforme fibreuse annulaire par enroulement de ruban Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998036187A1 WO1998036187A1 PCT/FR1998/000260 FR9800260W WO9836187A1 WO 1998036187 A1 WO1998036187 A1 WO 1998036187A1 FR 9800260 W FR9800260 W FR 9800260W WO 9836187 A1 WO9836187 A1 WO 9836187A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- preform
- ribbon
- pot
- winding
- axis
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000009960 carding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009958 sewing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 claims 1
- CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon carbon Chemical compound C.C CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007833 carbon precursor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011337 anisotropic pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010574 gas phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002816 gill Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012705 liquid precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003534 oscillatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002296 pyrolytic carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
- B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
- B29C70/16—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H54/00—Winding, coiling, or depositing filamentary material
- B65H54/76—Depositing materials in cans or receptacles
- B65H54/80—Apparatus in which the depositing device or the receptacle is rotated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/71—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents
- C04B35/78—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents containing non-metallic materials
- C04B35/80—Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like
- C04B35/83—Carbon fibres in a carbon matrix
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4209—Inorganic fibres
- D04H1/4242—Carbon fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4282—Addition polymers
- D04H1/43—Acrylonitrile series
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
- D04H1/45—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by forming intermeshing loops or stitches from some of the fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
- D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
- D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
- D04H1/48—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
- D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
- D04H1/498—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres entanglement of layered webs
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
- D04H1/74—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being orientated, e.g. in parallel (anisotropic fleeces)
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H13/00—Other non-woven fabrics
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H18/00—Needling machines
- D04H18/02—Needling machines with needles
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/02—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
- D04H3/05—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments in another pattern, e.g. zig-zag, sinusoidal
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
- D04H3/10—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically
- D04H3/105—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically by needling
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D65/00—Parts or details
- F16D65/02—Braking members; Mounting thereof
- F16D65/12—Discs; Drums for disc brakes
- F16D65/125—Discs; Drums for disc brakes characterised by the material used for the disc body
- F16D65/126—Discs; Drums for disc brakes characterised by the material used for the disc body the material being of low mechanical strength, e.g. carbon, beryllium; Torque transmitting members therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
- F16D69/023—Composite materials containing carbon and carbon fibres or fibres made of carbonizable material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2701/00—Handled material; Storage means
- B65H2701/30—Handled filamentary material
- B65H2701/31—Textiles threads or artificial strands of filaments
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the production of annular fibrous structures, or preforms, intended in particular for the manufacture of annular parts made of composite material.
- a particular but non-exclusive field of application of the invention is the production of annular fibrous preforms for the manufacture of brake discs in composite material, in particular in carbon-carbon composite (C-C).
- C-C composite brake discs are manufactured by making an annular carbon fiber preform and densifying the preform with a carbon matrix.
- the brake disc preforms in composite C-C are generally produced by superimposing layers of a basic fibrous texture of carbon fibers or carbon precursor and possible bonding of the layers together, for example by needling.
- the basic fibrous texture can be a felt, a fabric, a unidirectional ply of cables, wires or strands, or even a complex formed by several plies superimposed with different directions and linked together by needling.
- Methods for manufacturing fibrous preforms by stacking and needling layers are described for example in documents US-A-4,790,052, FR-A-2,626,294, and FR-A-2,726,013.
- the different strata can be solid strata, in which case the annular preform is cut after stacking the strata, or precut annular strata. This results in significant material falls which burden manufacturing costs significantly due to the price of the basic fibrous textures, in particular when they are made of carbon or of carbon precursor.
- the object of the present invention is to remedy this drawback by proposing a method making it possible to produce annular fibrous preforms without loss of fibrous material.
- the present invention also aims to provide a method for making annular fibrous preforms capable of being suitable for the manufacture of brake discs made of composite material, that is to say preforms capable of giving the discs the ability to resist to friction forces and to transmit these to the members to which they are connected, without causing destruction of the composite material.
- the preform is produced by winding a fibrous ribbon in a jar, forming several superimposed annular layers each consisting of a plurality of flat turns.
- flat turn here is meant a turn or loop described by the ribbon substantially in a plane parallel to the bottom of the pot.
- the winding is carried out by forming turns repeatedly around a vertical axis of the pot.
- Different winding modes can be used, depending in particular on the desired distribution of the fiber content in the radial direction, but preferably preserving the axial symmetry of the winding.
- the ribbon can be formed of staple fibers, for example staple fibers which are substantially parallel to each other and slightly twisted.
- the ribbon is for example a ribbon coming from a carding machine, or a cable coming from a cracking device, capable of being deposited in flattening in the pot.
- the use of a ribbon coming from a card is particularly advantageous because the winding can be carried out in the jar directly at the exit of card, as it is customary to do for the storage of a ribbon coming from card while waiting for its use for a subsequent textile operation.
- a similar benefit arises from the use of a ribbon from a cracked cable. In this case, not only is an annular preform produced without loss of material, but, moreover, the preform is obtained directly, without additional operation, and with a conventional installation.
- the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing annular parts of composite material by densification of preforms obtained as described above, and possibly compressed. Densification is carried out by chemical infiltration in the vapor phase or by the liquid route or by a combination of the two.
- FIG. 1 is a very schematic view of an installation allowing the implementation of a method according to the invention for the development of annular fiber preforms;
- FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D illustrate different stages of winding a turn flat in a pot, for the implementation of a method according to the invention by means of the installation of Figure 1;
- FIG. 3 shows schematically an embodiment of the pot winding device of Figure 1, to allow winding as illustrated in Figures 2A to 2D;
- - Figure 4 shows very schematically the kinematic chain of the winding device of Figure 3;
- FIG. 1 schematically show other modes of winding a turn flat in a pot, for the implementation of a method according to the invention.
- a preform is produced by winding a ribbon directly in a jar at the card outlet.
- the card used is a hat card.
- FIG. 1 different parts of the installation are shown on an enlarged scale, in circles.
- such a card comprises a rotary breaker roller 10 furnished with fine inclined metal points 10a and receiving a textile to be carded 20.
- the textile 20 is for example a sheet of fibers or a felt and is formed from fibers of the material of the pre-form or a precursor of this material. It is possible to use a felt or a sheet formed from fibers of the same kind or from a mixture of different fibers. For example, it is possible to mix carbon fibers coming from different precursors, such as fibers with polyacrylonitrile precursor (PAN) in the preoxidized state, or isotropic pitch, or anisotropic pitch, or cellulosic, or phenolic, or mix fibers of these different precursors.
- PAN polyacrylonitrile precursor
- the breaker roller 10 cooperates with a rotary drum 12, or large drum, rotating faster than the breaker roller and also provided with metal spikes 12a.
- the carding textile is dispersed fiber by fiber on the large drum with the help of hats carried by an endless chain 14 and provided with spikes. inclined 14a.
- the chain 14 substantially follows the shape of the outline of the large drum 12, on a sector thereof.
- the fibers are taken up from the large drum 12 by a combing drum
- the combing drum 16 provided with needles 16a.
- the combing drum 16 rotates more slowly than the large drum, which promotes the regrouping of the fibers. These are detached on a painter drum in the form of a veil of fibers 22 using a detaching comb.
- the veil of fibers 22 is condensed into a ribbon or wick 24 which is wound flat in a fixed or rotating pot 26, by means of a winding or tamping device 40.
- FIGS. 2A to 2D show a particular mode of winding the ribbon 24 in the cylindrical pot 26 with a vertical axis 25, having an external cylindrical wall 26a and a horizontal bottom 26b_.
- a first turn S (FIG. 2A) of substantially circular shape is formed flat on the bottom 26 £>.
- This turn surrounds a cylindrical surface 30a while being tangent to the latter at a single point Tj and is tangent at a point Tj on the internal side of a cylindrical surface 30h, the points Tj and Tj being located on the same diameter.
- the surfaces 30a and 30J2 have the same vertical axis as the pot and materialize the internal and external faces of the annular preform to be produced. It will be noted that the surface 30ij may be substantially coincident with the external wall 26a of the pot 26.
- the winding device is made so that, possibly in combination with the rotation of the pot 26 around its axis, each new turn is formed by being offset by an angle ⁇ relative to the previous turn, around the axis of the pot.
- Figures 2B and 2C show the winding produced after, respectively, 15 and 30 turns. After a full turn, corresponding here to 44 turns, a complete layer is formed on the bottom of the pot ( Figure 2D). The winding is continued thus by forming superimposed layers parallel to the bottom of the pot until reaching a desired height. This can reach several tens of centimeters. A particular embodiment of the winding device 40 will be described later with reference to FIG. 3.
- the annular preform 30 thus formed can be used to make parts of composite material of annular shapes.
- the preform is preferably compacted, so as to obtain a desired volume ratio of fibers, that is to say the desired percentage of the apparent volume of the preform actually occupied by the fibers.
- the preform maintained in the compacted state is densified by the liquid route and / or by chemical vapor infiltration.
- Liquid densification consists in impregnating the preform with a liquid precursor of the material constituting the desired matrix of the composite material, for example a resin.
- the transformation of the matrix precursor is carried out by heat treatment.
- Chemical vapor infiltration consists in placing the preform in an enclosure and in admitting, in the enclosure, a gaseous phase precursor of the matrix which, under predetermined conditions of temperature and pressure, diffuses within the porosity of the preform and forms, on contact with the fibers, a matrix deposit produced by decomposition of one or more constituents of the gas phase or chemical reaction between several constituents.
- densification processes by liquid and by chemical vapor infiltration, to form matrices for example of carbon or ceramic are well known. It will be noted that densification may first be carried out partially by liquid means in order to consolidate the preform, so that further densification can be carried out by chemical vapor infiltration without requiring holding tools.
- the transformation of the precursor is carried out after the preform has been produced and before densification thereof, for example at during a temperature rise process before densification.
- annular parts for example brake discs of composite material, can be obtained by cutting along radial planes, and finishing machining.
- the different layers of preforms are bonded to each other in order to improve the cohesion of the preform and, consequently, to increase the resistance of the pieces of composite material to delamination, that is to say to a damage by separation between preform layers.
- the layers can be bonded together by needling or by sewing the preform, after winding. Preferably, needling or sewing are then carried out with compression of the preform in the axial direction.
- the needling of the preform layers can also be carried out during the process of forming the annular preform in the jar.
- the layers are needled as they are produced, so as to have a substantially constant needling density throughout the volume of the preform.
- a needle board 32 (FIG. 1) is used which extends radially over a distance substantially equal to the radial dimension of the preform and can penetrate into the pot 26.
- the needle board 32 is provided with needles 34 which are distributed regularly over a sector-shaped area, so as to have a constant needling surface density between the internal and external faces of the preform.
- the needle board 32 is driven in a vertical back-and-forth movement (arrows FI) to allow the needles to penetrate the preform to a depth equal to several times the thickness of a needled layer.
- the bottom of the pot 26 is lined with a coating 27 forming base felt into which the needles can penetrate without being damaged.
- the base felt is for example made of polypropylene. It can be coated with a sheet, for example made of elastomer, which prevents the anchoring in the base felt of fibers displaced by the needles and thus then makes it possible to easily separate the needled preform from the base felt.
- the pot 26 can be lowered by a distance substantially equal to the thickness of a needled layer, so that the needling depth is kept substantially constant. To this end, the pot 26 is placed on a table 28 which can move vertically (arrow F2).
- the needle board When the pot 26 is rotary ( Figure 1), the needle board is non-rotary. It will be noted that an annular preform needling device with substantially constant needling density is already described in document FR-A-2 626 294 by the applicant.
- the needle board When the pot is fixed, the needle board is thus driven in a rotary movement around the axis of the pot, so as to sweep the entire surface of a layer.
- the rotation of the needle board is synchronized with the angular displacement of the position of the center of the turns around the axis of the pot.
- the needling with progressive lowering of the pot, being carried out in the same way.
- the location of the needle board is chosen so as to be diametrically opposite that of the center of the current turn training.
- the preform the layers of which are linked together by needling or stitching after winding, or by needling during winding, may then be compressed again before densification.
- the pot can be simply mounted on an elastic support, for example a spring, allowing the bottom of the pot to descend gradually under the weight of the preform during training, as is well known for pots for receiving ribbons at the outlet of the card.
- An embodiment of the winding device 40 will now be described with reference-mainly to FIGS. 3 and 4.
- the pot 26 is fixed.
- a complete layer of turns is formed, as shown in FIGS. 2A to 2D, by imposing on the current point B of a turn S a movement composed of two rotations: one centered on the axis A of the turn S and l other centered on the axis O of the pot and driving the axis A.
- the ribbon 24 is called by passing between two cylinders 42 and is directed towards the pot 26 while being guided through an orifice 44 of a distribution plate 46 forming a winding head.
- the plate 46 is in the form of a horizontal disc of axis A provided with the orifice 44 in the vicinity of its periphery.
- the plate 46 has a rim 48 forming on the outside a toothed crown which is engaged with the internal toothed crown 50 of a ring 52 to drive the disc 46 around the axis A.
- the ring 52 meshes with its crown external toothed 54 with a pinion 56 itself engaged with a pinion 58 driven in rotation about a vertical axis M by a motor device 60.
- the assembly comprising the cylinders 42, the distribution plate 46 and the needle board 32 is carried by a rotary plate 66 of axis O.
- the plate 66 is engaged for this purpose by its outer ring 64 with a toothed wheel 62 driven by the motor 60.
- the distribution plate 46 is housed in an annular opening 68 formed in the plate 66, so as to be able to rotate about the axis A freely relative to the plate 66.
- the rotary plate 66, the rotary annular part 52 and the rotary dispensing head 46 are supported by a frame (not shown).
- One of the cylinders 42 is driven in rotation about its axis N, and drives the other cylinder 42 in rotation by friction.
- the shaft of the driving cylinder 42 is carried by a bent arm 70 projecting from the upper surface of the plate 66, while the needle board 30 is suspended under the plate 66 by means of a support 72.
- the rotation drive of the drive cylinder 42 is provided from the distribution plate 46 by means of a toothed wheel 74, engaged with the crown 48, and a bevel gear formed by two bevel gears 76, 78 (figure
- the ribbon call cylinder 42 As for the ribbon call cylinder 42, it is driven at a speed such that the linear speed of the called ribbon is preferably substantially equal to the linear speed of the current point B of a turn S.
- the winding device which has just been described makes it possible to produce a winding as illustrated in FIGS. 2A to 2D, with a fixed pot.
- FIGS. 5A and 5B two variants of winding modes are illustrated diagrammatically by FIGS. 5A and 5B.
- each substantially circular turn falls within the interval between internal surface 30a and external surface 30b by being tangent to the latter at two respective points located on the same radius.
- This winding mode can be implemented with a fixed or mobile pot. It is more particularly advantageous in the case of needling of the preform during winding. Indeed, the needling can then be performed with a needle board in a location diametrically opposite to that where the winding is located, therefore without interference with the winding.
- the needle board is rotated around the axis of the pot in synchronism with the winding head around this axis, when the pot is fixed, or occupies a fixed angular position relative to the axis of the pot when the pot is movable in rotation around its axis.
- each turn has a substantially elliptical shape and envelops the internal surface 30a, to which it is tangent at two opposite points, and extends between two opposite points on the external surface 30b.
- a ribbon from hat card we can also wind a ribbon from other types of cards, for example chain gills.
- the process according to the invention can also be implemented with a tape from a cable cracking device.
- Such cracking devices including for carbon fiber cables, are well known.
- the winding of the ribbon in a jar is carried out in the same way as for a ribbon from carding.
- a ribbon formed from a mixture of fibers can also be obtained by supplying the cracking device with carbon cables from different precursors, or by cables with different carbon precursors.
- a carding fabric made up of pre-oxidized PAN fibers, crimped and cut, with a density of 1.37 g / cm-
- a ribbon is produced. of title equal to approximately 5,000 tex.
- the ribbon is wound as shown in Figures 2A to 2D, but forming each layer with 20 turns.
- the internal and external diameters of the preform are respectively 150 and 600 mm.
- Each turn has a length of 1.25 m and each layer has a thickness, in the uncompressed state, equal to about 25 mm.
- the preform obtained is removed from the pot and charred while being kept in its shape.
- the preform is compressed in order to obtain the desired volume ratio of fibers and is densified by chemical vapor infiltration to form a pyrolytic carbon matrix.
- the preform is kept in a tool. After densification, the annular part obtained is cut to obtain the desired thickness discs.
- Example 1 we start with a carding textile made up of crimped pre-oxidized PAN fibers.
- Several ribbons are formed by carding with a titer of approximately 5,000 tex. After carding, 10 ribbons are joined and stretched so as to lengthen them by 10 times, in order to obtain a ribbon always having a title of 5,000 tex, but of higher density allowing, in comparison with Example 1, to multiply the volume ratio of fibers in the winding by 1.5.
- the ribbon is wound as illustrated in FIGS. 2A to 2D, but forming each layer with 20 turns.
- the internal and external diameters of the preform are equal to 120 and 400 mm respectively, and the length of a turn is equal to 80 cm.
- the rest of the process is identical to that of Example 1.
- Example 2 The procedure is exactly as in Example 2, but using 5 card tapes made of phenolic carbon precursor fibers and 5 card tapes made of preoxidized PAN fibers.
- This example shows the possibility of mixing different types of carbon precursor giving carbon fibers of higher or lower modulus, depending on the expected properties of the preform.
- a starting textile product consisting of a 50K carbon fiber cable (that is to say formed of 50,000 filaments).
- the cable is subjected to a stretch-cracking operation giving a ribbon having a titer of 4,500 tex.
- the ribbon is wound as in Example 1, the preform obtained having a fiber content of 25%.
- the preform is compacted to increase the volume rate of fibers to the desired value and maintained in the compacted state by needling, which allows it to be densified without the need for tools.
- the procedure is as in Example 4, but by needling the layers formed by the turns of ribbon as and when winding. Needling produces compaction, so that the volume content of fibers in the preform obtained is 50%.
- the needled preform can be densified without necessarily undergoing additional compaction.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP98908166A EP0970317A1 (fr) | 1997-02-12 | 1998-02-11 | Realisation de preforme fibreuse annulaire par enroulement de ruban |
JP53541598A JP2001513851A (ja) | 1997-02-12 | 1998-02-11 | スライバーの捲回による環状繊維プレフォームの製造 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9701604A FR2759387B1 (fr) | 1997-02-12 | 1997-02-12 | Realisation de preforme fibreuse annulaire par enroulement de ruban |
FR97/01604 | 1997-02-12 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1998036187A1 true WO1998036187A1 (fr) | 1998-08-20 |
Family
ID=9503603
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR1998/000260 WO1998036187A1 (fr) | 1997-02-12 | 1998-02-11 | Realisation de preforme fibreuse annulaire par enroulement de ruban |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0970317A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2001513851A (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20000070988A (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2759387B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1998036187A1 (fr) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2824085A1 (fr) * | 2001-04-30 | 2002-10-31 | Messier Bugatti | Machine d'aiguilletage circulaire munie d'un dispositif d'evacuation automatique de preformes |
FR2824084A1 (fr) * | 2001-04-30 | 2002-10-31 | Messier Bugatti | Alimentation aiguilleteuse par bande spirale continue |
EP0910690B2 (fr) † | 1997-04-30 | 2009-07-29 | Goodrich Corporation | Procede simplifie permettant de fabriquer des structures fibreuses epaisses |
FR2954358A1 (fr) * | 2009-12-23 | 2011-06-24 | Messier Bugatti | Table d'aiguilletage circulaire d'une structure textile formee a partir d'une preforme fibreuse annulaire |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2839985B1 (fr) * | 2002-05-23 | 2004-08-20 | Messier Bugatti | Procede et installation pour la fabrication de preformes fibreuses annulaires |
WO2005059225A1 (fr) * | 2003-12-08 | 2005-06-30 | Messier-Bugatti | Procede de production d'une preforme fibreuse |
KR100783012B1 (ko) * | 2006-09-27 | 2007-12-07 | 국방과학연구소 | 니들 펀치 섬유보강물 제조방법 |
FR3018324B1 (fr) * | 2014-03-04 | 2017-10-20 | Valeo Materiaux De Friction | Garniture d'embrayage a resistance mecanique elevee apres abus thermique |
US10371222B2 (en) | 2015-12-28 | 2019-08-06 | Goodrich Corporation | Needled brake disks and methods |
CN107761251B (zh) * | 2017-10-24 | 2023-05-05 | 山东大学 | 一种混杂纤维多维结构功能性杆体及其制备方法 |
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FR2378888A1 (fr) * | 1976-05-18 | 1978-08-25 | Morganite Modmor Ltd | Composite carbone-carbone |
US4118528A (en) * | 1977-07-28 | 1978-10-03 | Raybestos Manhattan, Inc. | Glass fiber friction facing |
FR2532244A1 (fr) * | 1982-08-24 | 1984-03-02 | Borg Warner | Procede de preparation de garnitures d'embrayage a friction |
EP0250615A1 (fr) * | 1986-06-24 | 1988-01-07 | Raybestos Industrie-Produkte GmbH | Procédé de fabrication de garnitures de friction pour embrayages à friction ou similaires et garniture de friction ainsi obtenue |
JPH03244840A (ja) * | 1990-02-23 | 1991-10-31 | Toyota Motor Corp | 高強度クラッチ板製造法 |
EP0721835A2 (fr) * | 1994-12-29 | 1996-07-17 | The B.F. Goodrich Company | Structures en forme composées de filaments et procédés pour ses fabrications |
EP0748781A2 (fr) * | 1991-08-15 | 1996-12-18 | The B.F. Goodrich Company | Structures de fibres pressées et moulées et procédé de fabrication |
-
1997
- 1997-02-12 FR FR9701604A patent/FR2759387B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-02-11 WO PCT/FR1998/000260 patent/WO1998036187A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1998-02-11 KR KR1019997007254A patent/KR20000070988A/ko active IP Right Grant
- 1998-02-11 JP JP53541598A patent/JP2001513851A/ja active Pending
- 1998-02-11 EP EP98908166A patent/EP0970317A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (7)
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FR2378888A1 (fr) * | 1976-05-18 | 1978-08-25 | Morganite Modmor Ltd | Composite carbone-carbone |
US4118528A (en) * | 1977-07-28 | 1978-10-03 | Raybestos Manhattan, Inc. | Glass fiber friction facing |
FR2532244A1 (fr) * | 1982-08-24 | 1984-03-02 | Borg Warner | Procede de preparation de garnitures d'embrayage a friction |
EP0250615A1 (fr) * | 1986-06-24 | 1988-01-07 | Raybestos Industrie-Produkte GmbH | Procédé de fabrication de garnitures de friction pour embrayages à friction ou similaires et garniture de friction ainsi obtenue |
JPH03244840A (ja) * | 1990-02-23 | 1991-10-31 | Toyota Motor Corp | 高強度クラッチ板製造法 |
EP0748781A2 (fr) * | 1991-08-15 | 1996-12-18 | The B.F. Goodrich Company | Structures de fibres pressées et moulées et procédé de fabrication |
EP0721835A2 (fr) * | 1994-12-29 | 1996-07-17 | The B.F. Goodrich Company | Structures en forme composées de filaments et procédés pour ses fabrications |
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Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0910690B2 (fr) † | 1997-04-30 | 2009-07-29 | Goodrich Corporation | Procede simplifie permettant de fabriquer des structures fibreuses epaisses |
FR2824085A1 (fr) * | 2001-04-30 | 2002-10-31 | Messier Bugatti | Machine d'aiguilletage circulaire munie d'un dispositif d'evacuation automatique de preformes |
FR2824084A1 (fr) * | 2001-04-30 | 2002-10-31 | Messier Bugatti | Alimentation aiguilleteuse par bande spirale continue |
WO2002088450A1 (fr) * | 2001-04-30 | 2002-11-07 | Messier-Bugatti | Machine d'aiguilletage circulaire munie d'un dispositif d'evacuation automatique de preformes |
WO2002088449A1 (fr) * | 2001-04-30 | 2002-11-07 | Messier-Bugatti | Alimentation aiguilleteuse par bande spirale continue |
CN1327066C (zh) * | 2001-04-30 | 2007-07-18 | 马赛尔-布加蒂股份有限公司 | 带有自动移开预型件的装置的圆形针刺机 |
CN1327065C (zh) * | 2001-04-30 | 2007-07-18 | 马赛尔-布加蒂股份有限公司 | 带有自动送料装置的针刺机 |
KR100805420B1 (ko) * | 2001-04-30 | 2008-02-20 | 메씨어-부가띠 | 연속적으로 나선형 스트립이 공급되는 니들링장치 |
KR100835774B1 (ko) * | 2001-04-30 | 2008-06-09 | 메씨어-부가띠 | 직포 자동제거장치를 갖춘 원형 니들링기계 |
FR2954358A1 (fr) * | 2009-12-23 | 2011-06-24 | Messier Bugatti | Table d'aiguilletage circulaire d'une structure textile formee a partir d'une preforme fibreuse annulaire |
EP2341175A1 (fr) * | 2009-12-23 | 2011-07-06 | Messier Bugatti | Table d'aiguilletage circulaire d'une structure textile formée à partir d'une préforme fibreuse annulaire |
US8448310B2 (en) | 2009-12-23 | 2013-05-28 | Messier-Bugatti-Dowty | Circular needling table for needling a textile structure made from an annular fiber preform |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2001513851A (ja) | 2001-09-04 |
EP0970317A1 (fr) | 2000-01-12 |
FR2759387B1 (fr) | 1999-05-21 |
FR2759387A1 (fr) | 1998-08-14 |
KR20000070988A (ko) | 2000-11-25 |
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