WO1998035259B1 - Optical apparatus which uses a virtually imaged phased array to produce chromatic dispersion - Google Patents
Optical apparatus which uses a virtually imaged phased array to produce chromatic dispersionInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998035259B1 WO1998035259B1 PCT/US1998/000432 US9800432W WO9835259B1 WO 1998035259 B1 WO1998035259 B1 WO 1998035259B1 US 9800432 W US9800432 W US 9800432W WO 9835259 B1 WO9835259 B1 WO 9835259B1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- light
- output
- lights
- apparams
- mirror
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 title claims abstract 10
- 230000003287 optical Effects 0.000 title 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 11
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 claims 8
- 230000002452 interceptive Effects 0.000 claims 8
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 claims 8
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 claims 6
- 230000001902 propagating Effects 0.000 claims 4
- 239000005304 optical glass Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003595 spectral Effects 0.000 claims 1
Abstract
An apparatus which adds 'opposite dispersion' to light, to compensate for chromatic dispersion of the light caused by travelling through an optical fiber (246). The apparatus includes a virtually imaged phased array (VIPA) (240), and a light returning device. The light returning device is typically a mirror (254) and may include a lens (251). The VIPA provides angular dispersion to the light, and the light returning device returns the light back to the VIPA to undergo multiple reflection inside the VIPA.
Claims
1. An apparatus comprising: a virtually imaged phased array (VIPA) generator which receives an input light at a respective wavelength and produces a corresponding output light propagating away from the VIPA generator and which is spatially distinguishable in accordance with the wavelength of the input light; and a light retarning device which returns the output light back to the VIPA generator.
2. An apparatus as in claim 1, wherein the light returning device comprises: a mirror; and a lens which focuses the output light onto the mirror so that the mirror reflects the output light, the reflected light being directed by the lens back to the VIPA generator.
3. An apparatus as in claim 1, wherein the VIPA generator produces a plurality of output lights at the wavelength of the input light and which each have a different interference order, and the light returning device returns output light back to the VIPA generator having a respective interference order, and does not return output light back to the VIPA generator having any other interference order.
4. An apparatus comprising: an angular dispersive component having a passage area to receive light into, and to output light from, the angular dispersive component, the angular dispersive component
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receiving, through the passage area, an input light having a respective wavelength within a continuous range of wavelengths, and causing multiple reflection of the input light to produce self-interference that forms an output light travelling from the angular dispersive component and which is spatially distinguishable from an output light formed for an input light having any other wavelength within the continuous range of wavelengths; and a light returning device which returns the output light to the angular dispersive component to undergo multiple reflection in the angular dispersive component and then be output from the angular dispersive component through the passage area.
5. An apparatus as in claim 4, wherein the returned output light travels from the light returning device to the angular dispersive component in the exactly opposite direction to which the output light travels from the angular dispersive component to the light returning device.
6. An apparatus as in claim 4, wherein the light returning device comprises: a mirror; and a lens which focuses the output light formed by the angular dispersive component onto the mirror, the mirror reflecting the focused output light back to the lens and the lens collimating the reflected output light back to the angular dispersive component so that the reflected output light undergoes multiple reflection in the angular dispersive component.
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7. An apparatus as in claim 4, wherein the angular dispersive component causes multiple reflection of the input light to produce self-interference that forms a plurality of output lights at the wavelength of the input light and which each have a different interference order, and the light returning device returns one of the output lights to the angular dispersive
component and does not return the other output lights to the angular dispersive component.
8. An apparatus as in claim 7, wherein the light returning device comprises: a mirror; and a lens which focuses said one of the output lights onto the mirror, without focusing said other output lights onto the mirror, so that the mirror reflects said one of the output lights back to the lens and the lens collimates the reflected said one of the output lights back to the angular dispersive component to undergo multiple reflection in the angular dispersive
component.
9. An apparatus as in claim 8, wherein the dimensions of the mirror allows the mirror to reflect said one of the output lights without reflecting said other output lights.
10. An apparatus as in claim 4, wherein the input light is a wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) light which includes a plurality of channels, each channel having a center wavelength and a range of wavelengths around the center wavelength,
for each wavelength of each channel, the angular dispersive component causes multiple reflection to produce self-interference that forms an output light which is spatially distinguishable from an output light formed for any other wavelength in the same channel, and the light returning device returns the output lights to the angular dispersive component so that the returned output lights undergo multiple reflection in the angular dispersive component.
11. An apparatus as in claim 10, wherein the light returning device comprises a mirror, and a lens which focuses the output lights formed by the angular dispersive component onto the mirror so that the output light formed for the center wavelength in each channel is focused at a same point on the mirror, the mirror reflecting the output lights back to the lens and the lens collimating the reflected output lights back to the angular dispersive component so that the reflected output lights undergo multiple reflection in the angular dispersive component.
12. An apparatus as in claim 10, wherein the output light formed for the center wavelength of each channel travels from the angular dispersive component at the same dispersion angle.
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13. An apparatus as in claim 4, wherein the angular dispersive component causes multiple reflection of the input light to produce self-interference that forms a plurality of output lights at the wavelength of the input light and which each have a different interference order, and at least one of the group consisting of the angular dispersive component and the light remming device is movable to change the output light returned by the light remming device to the angular dispersive component, to thereby return an output light having a different interference order to the angular dispersive component.
14. An apparatus as in claim 4, wherein the light returning device is movable relative to the angular dispersive component, to vary an amount of chromatic dispersion provided to the input light.
15. An apparatus as in claim 6, wherein the lens is one of the group consisting of a two- dimensional normal lens and a one-dimensional lens.
16. An apparatus as in claim 6, wherein the lens is a cylindrical lens.
17. An apparatus as in claim 6, wherein the mirror is one of the group consisting of a concave mirror and a convex mirror, as viewed from a side view of the mirror.
18. An apparatus as in claim 6, wherein the mirror is one of the group consisting of a flat mirror, a concave mirror and a convex mirror.
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19. An apparatus as in claim 4, further comprising: first and second optical fibers; and a circulator which provides the input light to the angular dispersive component from the first optical fiber, so that the angular dispersive component causes the multiple reflection of the input light to produce the self- interference, and provides the returned output light, after undergoing multiple reflection in the angular dispersive component, from the angular dispersive component to the second optical fiber.
20. An apparatus as in claim 4, wherein the light returning device is a retroreflector.
21. An apparatus as in claim 4, wherein the angular dispersive component causes multiple reflection of the input light to produce self-interference that forms a plurality of output lights at the wavelength of the input light and which each have a different interference order, and the light returning device is a retroreflector which reflects only one interference order.
22. An apparatus as in claim 20, wherein the retroreflector is movable relative to the angular dispersive component, to vary an amount of chromatic dispersion provided to the input light.
23. An apparatus as in claim 10, wherein the angular dispersive component comprises
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first and second reflecting surfaces spaced apart from each other by a distance t, the second reflecting surface having a reflectivity which allows a portion of light reflected thereon to pass therethrough, and a transparent material between the first and second reflecting surfaces over the distance t, and having a refractive index, where the WDM light undergoes the multiple reflection between the first and second reflecting surfaces so that a portion of the WDM light passes through the second reflecting surface each time the WDM light reflects off the second reflecting surface, said portions of the WDM light interfering with each other to thereby produce the output lights through multiple reflection and self-interference of the input light, and the product of 2tcosθ and the refractive index of the transparent material is an integer multiple of the center wavelength of each channel for the same θ and different integers, where θ indicates a propagation direction of the output light formed for the center wavelength of each channel.
24. An apparatus as in claim 23, further comprising: a lens for line-focusing the input light into the angular dispersive component through the passage area so that the angular dispersive component causes the multiple reflection of the input light to produce the self-interference.
25. An apparatus as in claim 23, wherein the passage area of the angular dispersive component is a radiation window positioned in the same plane as the first reflecting surface.
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26. An apparatus as in claim 4, wherein the output light is output from the angular dispersive component at an angle which changes in accordance with temperamre changes of the angular dispersive component, and the apparatus further comprising: a controller which controls the temperamre of the angular dispersive component to stabilize the output angle.
27. An apparatus as in claim 4, wherein the angular dispersive component comprises a transparent material; and first and second reflecting surfaces on opposite sides of the transparent material, the second reflecting surface having a reflectivity which allows a portion of light reflected thereon to pass therethrough, the input light being received by the angular dispersive component through the passage area and undergoing the multiple reflection between the first and second reflecting surfaces so that a portion of the input light passes through the second reflecting surface each time the input light reflects off the second reflecting surface, said portions of the input light interfering with each other to thereby produce the output light through multiple reflection and self-interference of the input light.
28. An apparatus as in claim 27, wherein the reflectance of the first reflecting surface of the angular dispersive component is approximately 100% .
29. An apparatus as in claim 27, wherein the reflectance of the second reflecting surface of the angular dispersive component is greater than 80% and less than 100%.
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30. An apparatus as in claim 27, wherein the transparent material has a wavelength division multiplexing matching free spectral range thickness between the first and second reflecting surfaces.
31. An apparatus comprising: a virtually imaged phased array (VIPA) generator including a window which allows light to pass therethrough, a transparent material, and first and second reflecting surfaces separated from each other by the transparent material, the second reflecting surface having a reflectivity which allows a portion of light incident thereon to be transmitted therethrough, an input light being received through the window and then being reflected a plurality of times between the first and second reflecting surfaces to cause a plurality of lights to be transmitted through the second reflecting surface, the plurality of transmitted lights interfering with each other to thereby produce a collimated output light through multiple reflection and self- interference of the input light, the output light travelling from the VIPA generator and being spatially distinguishable in accordance with the wavelength of the input light; and a light rem ing device which causes the output light to be returned to the second reflecting surface of the VIPA generator and pass therethrough so that the output light undergoes multiple reflection between the first and second reflecting surfaces of the VIPA generator and is then output through the window.
32. An apparatus as in claim 31, wherein the returned output light travels from the light returning device to the VIPA generator in the exactly opposite direction to which the output
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light travelled from the VIPA generator to the light remming device for all wavelengths of the input light.
33. An apparatus as in claim 31, wherein the first and second reflecting surfaces of the VIPA generator are parallel with each other.
34. An apparatus as in claim 31, wherein the reflectance of the first reflecting surface of the VIPA generator is approximately 100%.
35. An apparatus as in claim 31, wherein the reflectance of the second reflecting surface of the VIPA generator is greater than 80% and less than 100% .
36. An apparatus as in claim 31, wherein the window is in the same plane as the first reflecting surface.
37. An apparatus as in claim 31, wherein the input light is received through the window at an angle which prevents the input light from being reflected by the first reflecting surface before entering the transparent material and which prevents the input light from exiting through the window while being reflected between the first and second reflecting surfaces to produce the collimated output light.
38. An apparatus as in claim 31, wherein the light remming device comprises: a mirror; and a lens which focuses the output light produced by the VIPA generator onto the mirror,
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the mirror reflecting the focused output light back to the lens and the lens collimating the reflected output light back to the VIPA generator so that the coUimated, reflected output light undergoes multiple reflection between the first and second reflecting surfaces and is then output through the window.
39. An apparatus as in claim 31, wherein the multiple reflection of the received input light between the first and second reflecting surfaces of the VIPA generator causes the VIPA generator to produce a plurality of coUimated output lights at the wavelength of the input light and which each have a different interference order, and the light remming device returns one of the output lights to the VIPA generator and does not return the other output lights to the VIPA generator.
40. An apparatus as in claim 39, wherein the light remming device comprises: a mirror; and a lens which focuses said one of the output lights onto the mirror, without focusing said other output lights onto the mirror, so that the mirror reflects said one of the output lights back to the lens and the lens collimates the reflected said one of the output light back to the VIPA generator to undergo multiple reflection in the VIPA generator and then be output through the window.
41. An apparatus as in claim 40, wherein the dimensions of the mirror allows the mirror to reflect said one of the output lights without reflecting said other output lights.
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42. An apparatus as in claim 31, wherein the input light is a wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) light which includes a plurality of channels, each channel having a center wavelength and a range of wavelengths around the center wavelength, for each wavelength of each channel, the multiple reflection of the input light between the first and second reflecting surfaces of the VIPA generator causes a corresponding plurality of lights to be transmitted through the second reflecting surface which interfere with each other to produce a corresponding, coUimated output light through multiple reflection and self-interference of the input light, the output light for each wavelength of the channel being spatially distinguishable from an output light formed for any other wavelength in the channel, and the light remming device returns the output lights to the VIPA generator so that the returned output lights undergo multiple reflection between the first and second reflecting surfaces of the VIPA generator and are then output through the window.
43. An apparatus as in claim 42, wherein the light remming device comprises a mirror, and a lens which focuses the output lights produced by the VIPA generator onto the mirror so that the output light formed for the center wavelength in each channel is focused at a same point on the mirror, the mirror reflecting the output lights back to the lens and the lens collimating the reflected output lights back to the VIPA generator so that the reflected output lights undergo multiple reflection between the first and second reflecting surfaces of the VIPA generator and are then output through the window.
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44. An apparatus as in claim 42, wherein the output light formed for the center wavelength of each channel travels from the VIPA generator at the same dispersion angle.
45. An apparatus as in claim 42, wherein the returned output light travels from the light remming device to the VIPA generator in the exactly opposite direction to which the output light travelled from the VIPA generator to the light remming device for all wavelengths of the input light.
46. An apparatus as in claim 31, wherein the multiple reflection of the received input light between the first and second reflecting surfaces of the VIPA generator causes the VIPA generator to produce a plurality of coUimated output lights at the wavelength of the input light and which each have a different interference order, and at least one of the group consisting of the VIPA generator and the light remming device is movable to change the output light returned by the light remming device to the VIPA generator, to thereby return an output light having a different interference order to the VIPA generator.
47. An apparatus as in claim 31, wherein the light remming device is movable relative to the VIPA generator, to vary an amount of chromatic dispersion provided to the input light.
48. An apparatus as in claim 38, wherein the lens is one of the group consisting of a two- dimensional normal lens and a one-dimensional lens.
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49. An apparams as in claim 38, wherein the lens is a cylindrical lens.
50. An apparams as in claim 38, wherein the mirror is one of the group consisting of a concave mirror and a convex mirror, as viewed from a side view of the mirror.
51. An apparams as in claim 38, wherein the mirror is one of the group consisting of a flat mirror, a concave mirror and a convex mirror.
52. An apparams as in claim 31, further comprising: first and second optical fibers; and a circulator which provides the input light to the VIPA generator through the window from the first optical fiber, and provides the returned output light, after undergoing multiple reflection in the VIPA generator, from the VIPA generator to the second optical fiber.
53. An apparams as in claim 31, wherein the light remming device is a retroreflector.
54. An apparams as in claim 31, wherein the multiple reflection of the received input light between the first and second reflecting surfaces of the VIPA generator causes the VIPA generator to produce a plurality of coUimated output lights at the wavelength of the input light and which each have a different interference order, and the light remming device is a retroreflector which reflects only one interference order.
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55. An apparams as in claim 53, wherein the retroreflector is movable relative to the VIPA generator, to vary an amount of chromatic dispersion provided to the input light.
56. An apparams as in claim 42, wherein the first and second reflecting surfaces are spaced apart from each other by a distance t, the transparent material has a refractive index, and the product of 2tcosθ and the refractive index of the transparent material is an integer multiple of the center wavelength of each channel for the same θ and different integers, where θ indicates a propagation direction of the output light produced by the VIPA generator for the center wavelength of each channel.
57. An apparams as in claim 56, further comprising: a lens for line-focusing the input light into the VIPA generator through the window.
58. An apparams as in claim 31, wherein the first and second reflecting surfaces are multi-layer dielectric interference films.
59. An apparams as in claim 31, wherein the transparent material is one of the group consisting of optical glass and air.
60. An apparams as in claim 31, wherein the output light is output from the VIPA generator at an angle which changes in accordance with temperamre changes of the VIPA generator, and the apparams further comprising:
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a controller which controls the temperamre of the VIPA generator to stabilize the output angle.
61. An apparams comprising: a virtually imaged phased array (VIPA) generator which receives an input light and produces a corresponding output light propagating away from the VIPA; and a light remming device which returns the output light back to the VIPA generator, wherein the light returning device comprises a mirror, and a lens which focuses the output light onto the mirror so that the mirror reflects the output light, the reflected light being directed by the lens back to the VIPA generator.
62. An apparams comprising: a virtually imaged phased array (VIPA) generator which receives an input light and produces a corresponding output light propagating away from the VIPA; and a light remming device which returns the output light back to the VIPA generator, wherein the input light is at a respective wavelength, the VIPA generator produces a plurality of output lights at the wavelength of the input light and which each have a different interference order, and the light remming device returns output light back to the VIPA generator having a respective interference order, and does not remm output light back to the VIPA generator having any other interference order.
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63. An apparams comprising: first and second surfaces, the second surface having a reflectivity which causes a portion of light incident thereon to be transmitted therethrough, where an input light at a respective wavelength is focused into a line, and the first and second surfaces are positioned so that the input light radiates from the line to be reflected a plurality of times between the first and second surfaces and thereby cause a plurality of lights to be transmitted through the second surface, the plurality of transmitted lights interfering with each other to produce an output light which is spatially distinguishable from an output light produced for an input light at a different wavelength; and a light remming device which returns the output light to the second surface so that the output light passes through the second surface and undergoes multiple reflection between the first and second surfaces.
64. An apparams as in claim 63, wherein the light remming device is a mirror.
65. An apparams comprising: generating means for receiving an input light at a respective wavelength and for producing a corresponding output light propagating away from the generating means in a direction determined by the wavelength of the input light; and means for remming the output light back to the generating means.
66. An apparams receiving an input light at a respective wavelength and focused into a line, the apparams comprising: first and second surfaces spaced apart from each other;
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means for causing the input light to radiate from the line to be reflected a plurality of times between the first and second surfaces and thereby cause a plurality of lights to be transmitted through the second surface, and for causing the transmitted lights to interfere with each other to produce an output light which is spatially distinguishable from an output light produced for an input light at a different wavelength; and means for returning the output light to the second surface so that the output light passes through the second surface and undergoes multiple reflection between the first and second surfaces.
67. An apparams for receiving an input light and producing a spatially distinguishable output light, the apparams comprising: first and second surfaces separated from each other with air in between, the second surface having a reflectivity which allows a portion of light incident thereon to be transmitted therethrough, the first and second surfaces being positioned so that the input light is reflected a plurality of times between the first and second surfaces through the air to cause a plurality of lights to be transmitted through the second surface, the plurality of transmitted lights interfering with each other to produce the output light, wherein the input light is at a respective wavelength within a continuous range of wavelengths and the output light is spatially distinguishable from an output light formed for an input light having any other wavelength within the continuous range of wavelengths.
68. An apparams as in claim 67, wherein the first and second surfaces are parallel with each other.
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69. An apparams as in claim 68, wherein the reflectance of the first surface is substantially 100%.
70. An apparams as in claim 67, wherein the reflectance of the second surface is greater than 80% and less than 100%.
71. An apparams as in claim 67, wherein the input light comprises at least two lights which each are at a different wavelength, and the plurality of transmitted lights interfere with each other to produce a respective output light for each light of the input light, each output light being spatially distinguishable from the other output lights.
72. An apparams as in claim 67, wherein the input light is a wavelength division multiplexed light comprising at least two carriers which each are at a different wavelength, and the plurality of transmitted lights interfere with each other to produce a respective output light for each carrier of the input light, each output light being spatially distinguishable from the other output lights.
73. An apparams as in claim 72, wherein each output light propagates in a different direction than each of the other output lights, to thereby be spatially distinguishable.
74. An apparams for receiving an wavelength division multiplexed light comprising at least two carriers, and producing a spatially distinguishable output light for each carrier, the apparams comprising:
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first and second surfaces separated from each other with air in between, the second surface having a reflectivity which allows a portion of light incident thereon to be transmitted therethrough, the first and second surfaces positioned so that the wavelength division multiplexed light is reflected a plurality of times between the first and second surfaces through the air to cause a plurality of lights to be transmitted through the second surface, the plurality of transmitted lights interfering with each other to produce a respective output light for each carrier of the wavelength division multiplexed light, wherein each carrier is at a respective wavelength within a continuous range of wavelengths and the output light formed for a respective carrier is spatially distinguishable from an output light formed for a carrier having any other wavelength within the continuous range of wavelengths.
75. An apparams as in claim 74, wherein the first and second surfaces are parallel with each other.
76. An apparams as in claim 74, wherein the reflectance of the first surface is substantially 100% .
77. An apparams as in claim 74, wherein the reflectance of the second surface is greater than 80% and less than 100%.
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78. An apparams comprising: first and second surfaces separated from each other with air in between, the second surface having a reflectivity which causes a portion of light incident thereon to be transmitted therethrough, wherein an input light at a respective wavelength is focused into a line, and the first and second surfaces are positioned so that the input light radiates from the line to be reflected a plurality of times between the first and second surfaces through the air and thereby cause a plurality of lights to be transmitted through the second surface, the plurality of transmitted lights interfering with each other to*produce an output light which is spatially distinguishable from an output light produced for an input light at a different wavelength.
79. An apparams as in claim 78, wherein the input light comprises at least two lights which each are at a different wavelength, and the apparams produces a respective output light for each light of the input light, each output light being spatially distinguishable from the other output lights.
80. An apparams as in claim 79, wherein each output light propagates in a different direction than each of the other output lights, to thereby be spatially distinguishable.
81. An apparams as in claim 78, wherein the first and second surfaces are parallel with each other.
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82. An apparams as in claim 78, wherein the reflectance of the first surface is substantially 100% .
83. An apparams as in claim 78, wherein the reflectance of the second surface is greater than 80% and less than 100%.
84. An apparams comprising: first and second surfaces separated from each other with air in between, the second surface having a reflectivity which causes a portion of light incident thereon to be transmitted therethrough, wherein an input light at a respective wavelength is focused into a line, and the first and second surfaces are positioned so that the input light radiates from the line to be reflected a plurality of times between the first and second surfaces through the air and thereby cause a plurality of lights to be transmitted through the second surface, each transmitted light interfering with each of the other transmitted lights to produce an output light which is spatially distinguishable from an output light produced for an input light at a different wavelength.
85. An apparams as in claim 84, wherein the input light comprises at least two lights which each are at a different wavelength, and the apparams produces a respective output light for each light of the input light, each output light being spatially distinguishable from the other output lights.
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86. An apparams as in claim 85, wherein each output light propagates in a different direction than each of the other output lights, to thereby be spatially distinguishable.
87. An apparams receiving an input light having a respective wavelength within a continuous range of wavelengths, the apparams comprising: first and second surfaces spaced apart from each other with air in between; and means for causing multiple reflection of the input light between the first and second surfaces through the air to produce self-interference that forms an output light, wherein the output light is spatially distinguishable from an output light formed for an input light having any other wavelength within the continuous range of wavelengths.
88. An apparams receiving an input light at a respective wavelength and focused into a line, the apparams comprising: first and second surfaces spaced apart from each other with air in between; and means for causing the input light to radiate from the line to be reflected a plurality of times between the first and second surfaces through the air and thereby cause a plurality of lights to be transmitted through the second surface, and for causing the transmitted lights to interfere with each other to produce an output light which is spatially distinguishable from an output light produced for an input light at a different wavelength.
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Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE69837510T DE69837510T2 (en) | 1997-02-07 | 1998-01-08 | OPTICAL DEVICE USING A VIRTUALLY MADE PHASE MATRIX FOR PREPARING CHROMATIC DISPERSION |
| JP53445098A JP3516165B2 (en) | 1997-02-07 | 1998-01-08 | Optical device using virtual image phase array to generate chromatic dispersion |
| EP98904542A EP0897547B1 (en) | 1997-02-07 | 1998-01-08 | Optical apparatus which uses a virtually imaged phased array to produce chromatic dispersion |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/796,842 US5930045A (en) | 1995-07-26 | 1997-02-07 | Optical apparatus which uses a virtually imaged phased array to produce chromatic dispersion |
| US08/796,842 | 1997-02-07 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1998035259A1 WO1998035259A1 (en) | 1998-08-13 |
| WO1998035259B1 true WO1998035259B1 (en) | 1998-10-15 |
Family
ID=25169203
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US1998/000432 WO1998035259A1 (en) | 1997-02-07 | 1998-01-08 | Optical apparatus which uses a virtually imaged phased array to produce chromatic dispersion |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US5930045A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0897547B1 (en) |
| JP (2) | JP3516165B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1146741C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69837510T2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1998035259A1 (en) |
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