WO1998033577A1 - Open contact reactor - Google Patents

Open contact reactor Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998033577A1
WO1998033577A1 PCT/SE1998/000186 SE9800186W WO9833577A1 WO 1998033577 A1 WO1998033577 A1 WO 1998033577A1 SE 9800186 W SE9800186 W SE 9800186W WO 9833577 A1 WO9833577 A1 WO 9833577A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tank
nozzle
flow direction
gas flow
main gas
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE1998/000186
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Claes Halldin
Stefan Åhman
Lars-Erik Johansson
David J. Collins
Donald Borio
Joseph V. Doughty
Original Assignee
ABB Fläkt AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Fläkt AB filed Critical ABB Fläkt AB
Priority to AU60096/98A priority Critical patent/AU6009698A/en
Publication of WO1998033577A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998033577A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28C—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT WITHOUT CHEMICAL INTERACTION
    • F28C3/00—Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus
    • F28C3/06—Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus the heat-exchange media being a liquid and a gas or vapour
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D47/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent
    • B01D47/06—Spray cleaning
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/18—Absorbing units; Liquid distributors therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
    • B01D53/79—Injecting reactants

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an open contact reactor being in the form of a tank, in which a plurality of spray nozzles for spraying finely divided liquid are arranged and through which a gas is to be conduct- ed in a main gas flow direction in order to be contacted with the finely divided liquid, the spray nozzles being arranged on different nozzle levels which are spaced apart in the main gas flow direction, the nozzles on each level being substantially uniformly distributed over the cross-section of the tank, and a nozzle assembly for spraying finely divided liquid being arranged at the circumference of the tank on at least one level along the main gas flow direction.
  • Reactors of this type are used for various purposes. For instance, they may be used for cleaning of process gases containing gaseous pollutants, and for cooling/ heating of gases. In these two applications, it seems possible to improve the efficiency of the reactor, i.e. increase the capacity of the reactor of respectively cleaning and cooling/heating the gases.
  • a nozzle assembly for spraying finely divided liquid is arranged at the circumference of the tank on each nozzle level.
  • Each of these nozzle assemblies con- sists of a plurality of nozzles having a non-circumferential, semi-conical spray action which is directed into the tank.
  • the pattern of the nozzles will not be quite regular on any level, which implies that the distribution of nozzles on one level must be followed by a compensating distribution on the next level.
  • the reactor according to WO 93/18842 also suffers from the drawback that the impulse of the liquid sprayed by the nozzles arranged at the circumference is not fully utilised since a part of the liquid which is sprayed by a nozzle arranged at the circumference is sprayed towards the two neighbouring nozzles arranged at the circumference and, thus, towards a part of the liquid sprayed by these nozzles.
  • the object of the present invention therefore is to provide an open contact reactor, which has an improved efficiency in relation to prior-art reactors, and in which the drawbacks described above are obviated.
  • each nozzle assembly consists of an annular nozzle means which extends along the circumference of the tank on the respective levels and has a circumferential mouth gap directed into the tank.
  • Nozzle means are preferably arranged on a plurality of levels, which suitably coincide with the nozzle levels .
  • the spray nozzles on one and the same nozzle level are identical and have a circumferential, conical spray action with the same cone angle, the axis of each cone extending in parallel with the main gas flow direction, and the mouth gap of the nozzle means on the level corresponding to this nozzle level being directed such that it forms with the main gas flow direction an angle which is essentially equal to half the cone angle.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic vertical sectional view and illustrates a portion of an open contact reactor according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view along line II-II in Fig. 1, and
  • Fig. 3 is an enlarged view and shows an annular nozzle means in cross-section.
  • the open contact reactor shown in the drawings is in the form of an upright, essentially circular-cylindrical tank 1, of which merely a portion is shown schematically in Fig. 1.
  • a plurality of spray nozzles 2 for spraying finely divided liquid are arranged in the tank 1.
  • the spray nozzles 2 are arranged on a plurality of vertically spaced-apart levels LI, L2, L3, the nozzles on each level being substantially uniformly distributed over the cross- section of the tank 1.
  • Each nozzle 2 has a circumferen- tial, conical spray action, by which is here meant that it sprays liquid essentially uniformly distributed over an intended cone or an intended truncated cone 3, the axis of which is parallel to the axis of the tank 1 and the cone angle of which is 2 ⁇ .
  • the spray action of the nozzles 2 is directed downwards.
  • An annular nozzle means 4 for spraying finely divided liquid extends along the circumference of the tank 1 on each of a plurality of different levels. In the embodiment shown, these levels coincide with the nozzle levels LI, L2, L3.
  • the nozzle means 4 on each level is so designed as to produce, together with the spray nozzles 2 on the corresponding nozzle level LI, L2, L3, a liquid spray pattern which is essentially uniform over the entire cross-section of the tank 1.
  • the annular nozzle means 4 is mounted in a circumferential liquid supply duct 5, which in the embodiment shown is essentially square in cross-section. Perforated support elements 6, which are distributed along the circumference, are arranged inside the duct 5.
  • the duct 5 has a liquid inlet 7, through which liquid is supplied to the duct to be sprayed, with the aid of the nozzle means 4, into the tank 1 in the manner indicated by arrows A in Fig. 2.
  • the nozzle means 4 has a circumferential mouth gap 8 which is directed into the tank 1.
  • the mouth gap 8 is directed such that it forms, with the axis of the tank 1 and, thus, with the wall thereof, an angle ⁇ which is equal to half said cone angle 2 ⁇ .
  • the reactor is used for cleaning process gases containing gaseous pollutants.
  • the process gases are conducted essentially vertically through the tank 1 in the direction of the arrows P, i.e. in parallel with the axis of the tank, in order to be contacted with the finely divided liquid.
  • the process gases can be conducted through the tank 1 in the direction opposite to the direction of the arrows P.
  • the liquid consists of water and an absorbent dissolved or suspended therein, which reacts with the gaseous pollutants in the process gases .

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

An open contact reactor is in the form of a tank (1), in which a plurality of spray nozzles (2) for spraying finely divided liquid are arranged and through which a gas is to be conducted in a main gas flow direction (P) in order to be contacted with the finely divided liquid, the spray nozzles (2) being arranged on different nozzle levels (L1, L2, L3), which are spaced apart in the main gas flow direction. The nozzles (2) on each level are substantially uniformly distributed over the cross-section of the tank. A nozzle assembly (4) for spraying finely divided liquid is arranged at the circumference of the tank (1) on at least one level along the main gas flow direction (P). Each nozzle assembly consists of an annular nozzle member (4), which extends along the circumference of the tank (1) on the respective levels and has a circumferential mouth gap (8) which is directed into the tank (1).

Description

OPEN CONTACT REACTOR
The present invention relates to an open contact reactor being in the form of a tank, in which a plurality of spray nozzles for spraying finely divided liquid are arranged and through which a gas is to be conduct- ed in a main gas flow direction in order to be contacted with the finely divided liquid, the spray nozzles being arranged on different nozzle levels which are spaced apart in the main gas flow direction, the nozzles on each level being substantially uniformly distributed over the cross-section of the tank, and a nozzle assembly for spraying finely divided liquid being arranged at the circumference of the tank on at least one level along the main gas flow direction.
Reactors of this type are used for various purposes. For instance, they may be used for cleaning of process gases containing gaseous pollutants, and for cooling/ heating of gases. In these two applications, it seems possible to improve the efficiency of the reactor, i.e. increase the capacity of the reactor of respectively cleaning and cooling/heating the gases.
In a reactor as disclosed in WO 93/18842, in which the spray nozzles on the different levels are identical and have a circumferential, conical spray action, the capacity of the reactor of cleaning and cooling/heating the gases is increased by preventing the gas from flowing linearly through the reactor along the wall thereof. To this end, a nozzle assembly for spraying finely divided liquid is arranged at the circumference of the tank on each nozzle level. Each of these nozzle assemblies con- sists of a plurality of nozzles having a non-circumferential, semi-conical spray action which is directed into the tank. As stated in WO 93/18842, the pattern of the nozzles will not be quite regular on any level, which implies that the distribution of nozzles on one level must be followed by a compensating distribution on the next level. The reactor according to WO 93/18842 also suffers from the drawback that the impulse of the liquid sprayed by the nozzles arranged at the circumference is not fully utilised since a part of the liquid which is sprayed by a nozzle arranged at the circumference is sprayed towards the two neighbouring nozzles arranged at the circumference and, thus, towards a part of the liquid sprayed by these nozzles. The object of the present invention therefore is to provide an open contact reactor, which has an improved efficiency in relation to prior-art reactors, and in which the drawbacks described above are obviated.
According to the invention, this object is achieved by an open contact reactor, which is of the type described by way of introduction and which is characterised in that each nozzle assembly consists of an annular nozzle means which extends along the circumference of the tank on the respective levels and has a circumferential mouth gap directed into the tank.
Nozzle means are preferably arranged on a plurality of levels, which suitably coincide with the nozzle levels .
Preferably, the spray nozzles on one and the same nozzle level are identical and have a circumferential, conical spray action with the same cone angle, the axis of each cone extending in parallel with the main gas flow direction, and the mouth gap of the nozzle means on the level corresponding to this nozzle level being directed such that it forms with the main gas flow direction an angle which is essentially equal to half the cone angle.
The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a schematic vertical sectional view and illustrates a portion of an open contact reactor according to the invention, Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view along line II-II in Fig. 1, and
Fig. 3 is an enlarged view and shows an annular nozzle means in cross-section. The open contact reactor shown in the drawings is in the form of an upright, essentially circular-cylindrical tank 1, of which merely a portion is shown schematically in Fig. 1.
A plurality of spray nozzles 2 for spraying finely divided liquid are arranged in the tank 1. The spray nozzles 2 are arranged on a plurality of vertically spaced-apart levels LI, L2, L3, the nozzles on each level being substantially uniformly distributed over the cross- section of the tank 1. Each nozzle 2 has a circumferen- tial, conical spray action, by which is here meant that it sprays liquid essentially uniformly distributed over an intended cone or an intended truncated cone 3, the axis of which is parallel to the axis of the tank 1 and the cone angle of which is 2α. In the embodiment shown, the spray action of the nozzles 2 is directed downwards. However, it will be appreciated that the spray action of the nozzles can also be directed upwards or directed both upwards and downwards . An annular nozzle means 4 for spraying finely divided liquid extends along the circumference of the tank 1 on each of a plurality of different levels. In the embodiment shown, these levels coincide with the nozzle levels LI, L2, L3. The nozzle means 4 on each level is so designed as to produce, together with the spray nozzles 2 on the corresponding nozzle level LI, L2, L3, a liquid spray pattern which is essentially uniform over the entire cross-section of the tank 1.
As is especially shown in Fig. 3, the annular nozzle means 4 is mounted in a circumferential liquid supply duct 5, which in the embodiment shown is essentially square in cross-section. Perforated support elements 6, which are distributed along the circumference, are arranged inside the duct 5. The duct 5 has a liquid inlet 7, through which liquid is supplied to the duct to be sprayed, with the aid of the nozzle means 4, into the tank 1 in the manner indicated by arrows A in Fig. 2.
The nozzle means 4 has a circumferential mouth gap 8 which is directed into the tank 1. The mouth gap 8 is directed such that it forms, with the axis of the tank 1 and, thus, with the wall thereof, an angle α which is equal to half said cone angle 2α.
In the shown embodiment, the reactor is used for cleaning process gases containing gaseous pollutants. The process gases are conducted essentially vertically through the tank 1 in the direction of the arrows P, i.e. in parallel with the axis of the tank, in order to be contacted with the finely divided liquid. In other applications, the process gases can be conducted through the tank 1 in the direction opposite to the direction of the arrows P. In this embodiment, the liquid consists of water and an absorbent dissolved or suspended therein, which reacts with the gaseous pollutants in the process gases .
The arrangement of the nozzle means 4 has been found to increase the efficiency of the reactor in a favourable manner, while at the same time the above drawbacks in the reactor according to WO 95/18842 have been obviated.

Claims

1. An open contact reactor being in the form of a tank (1), in which a plurality of spray nozzles (2) for spraying finely divided liquid are arranged and through which a gas is to be conducted in a main gas flow direction (P) in order to be contacted with the finely divided liquid, the spray nozzles (2) being arranged on different nozzle levels (LI, L2, L3) , which are spaced apart in the main gas flow direction, the nozzles (2) on each level being substantially uniformly distributed over the cross- section of the tank, and a nozzle assembly (4) for spraying finely divided liquid being arranged at the circumfe- rence of the tank (1) on at least one level along the main gas flow direction (P) , c h a r a c t e r i s e d in that each nozzle assembly consists of an annular nozzle means (4), which extends along the circumference of the tank (1) on the respective levels and has a circumferen- tial mouth gap (8) which is directed into the tank (1).
2. A contact reactor as claimed in claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i s e d in that the nozzle means (4) are arranged on a plurality of levels along the main gas flow direction (P) .
3. A contact reactor as claimed in claim 2, c h a r a c t e r i s e d in that the levels on which the nozzle means (4) are arranged essentially coincide with the nozzle levels (LI, L2, L3) .
4. A contact reactor as claimed in claim 3, c h a r a c t e r i s e d in that the spray nozzles (2) on one and the same nozzle level (LI, L2, L3) are identical and have a circumferential, conical spray action
(3) with the same cone angle (2╬▒) , the axis of each cone extending in parallel with the main gas flow direction (P) , and that the mouth gap (8) of the nozzle means
(4) on the level corresponding to this nozzle level is directed such that it forms with the main gas flow direction (P) an angle (╬▒) which is essentially equal to half the cone angle (2╬▒) .
PCT/SE1998/000186 1997-02-05 1998-02-03 Open contact reactor WO1998033577A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU60096/98A AU6009698A (en) 1997-02-05 1998-02-03 Open contact reactor

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE9700394-1 1997-02-05
SE9700394A SE9700394L (en) 1997-02-05 1997-02-05 Open contact reactor

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1998033577A1 true WO1998033577A1 (en) 1998-08-06

Family

ID=20405680

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE1998/000186 WO1998033577A1 (en) 1997-02-05 1998-02-03 Open contact reactor

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU6009698A (en)
SE (1) SE9700394L (en)
WO (1) WO1998033577A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT512543A4 (en) * 2012-07-17 2013-09-15 Andritz Energy & Environment Gmbh Plant and method for absorbing individual components in gases

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3341318A1 (en) * 1983-11-15 1985-05-23 Hugo Petersen Gesellschaft für verfahrenstechnischen Anlagenbau mbH & Co KG, 6200 Wiesbaden Wet scrubber and process for wet-scrubbing suspended substances dispersed in gases
WO1993018842A1 (en) * 1992-03-18 1993-09-30 ABB Fläkt AB Method and device for gas cleaning or gas cooling

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3341318A1 (en) * 1983-11-15 1985-05-23 Hugo Petersen Gesellschaft für verfahrenstechnischen Anlagenbau mbH & Co KG, 6200 Wiesbaden Wet scrubber and process for wet-scrubbing suspended substances dispersed in gases
WO1993018842A1 (en) * 1992-03-18 1993-09-30 ABB Fläkt AB Method and device for gas cleaning or gas cooling

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT512543A4 (en) * 2012-07-17 2013-09-15 Andritz Energy & Environment Gmbh Plant and method for absorbing individual components in gases
AT512543B1 (en) * 2012-07-17 2013-09-15 Andritz Energy & Environment Gmbh Plant and method for absorbing individual components in gases

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU6009698A (en) 1998-08-25
SE9700394D0 (en) 1997-02-05
SE9700394L (en) 1998-01-21

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