WO1998033255A1 - Reverse battery protecting device for the on-board electric network of a vehicle - Google Patents

Reverse battery protecting device for the on-board electric network of a vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998033255A1
WO1998033255A1 PCT/EP1998/000337 EP9800337W WO9833255A1 WO 1998033255 A1 WO1998033255 A1 WO 1998033255A1 EP 9800337 W EP9800337 W EP 9800337W WO 9833255 A1 WO9833255 A1 WO 9833255A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
circuit
battery
yoke
vehicle
isolating
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1998/000337
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jürgen BREITLOW-HERTZFELDT
Thomas Haehnel
Wolfgang Reimann
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority to JP53158398A priority Critical patent/JP2001508639A/en
Priority to EP98906883A priority patent/EP0954894A1/en
Priority to BR9807500A priority patent/BR9807500A/en
Publication of WO1998033255A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998033255A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H11/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H11/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result
    • H02H11/002—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result in case of inverted polarity or connection; with switching for obtaining correct connection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H83/00—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
    • H01H83/08—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by reversal of dc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/10—Parallel operation of dc sources
    • H02J1/122—Provisions for temporary connection of DC sources of essentially the same voltage, e.g. jumpstart cables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H35/00—Switches operated by change of a physical condition
    • H01H35/14—Switches operated by change of acceleration, e.g. by shock or vibration, inertia switch
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/02—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay
    • H01H47/16—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay for conjoint, e.g. additive, operation of the relay
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/44—Magnetic coils or windings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a protective device against incorrect polarity in the electrical system of a vehicle with a battery, the two output poles of which act on two power lines with different potentials.
  • a device for securing a main current path in a motor vehicle is known from DE 41 10 240 Cl.
  • a short-circuit situation is the sensor and comparison means determined and evaluated to separate the circuit.
  • An explosive device or an electromagnetic actuator are mentioned as shutdown means, for example, without going into detail about the construction and function of such an actuator.
  • switch disconnectors in the form of overcurrent releases with an electromagnetic system are known, for example from EP 0 322 987 B1.
  • the aim of the present invention is to provide a protective device with which the vehicle electrical system of a vehicle can be effectively and easily protected against incorrect polarity at the battery connection.
  • this object is achieved in that an isolating contact of an electromagnetic isolating switch is inserted into the current line carrying a first potential, which isolating contact forms a ferromagnetic circuit with a core and / or a yoke and an armature actuating the isolating contact, that of the Side of the isolating contact facing away from the battery, a low-resistance shunt branch is led via a reverse-connected diode to the power line carrying the second potential, and that the shunt branch crosses the -ferromagnetic circuit of the disconnector.
  • the protective device thus uses an electromagnetic isolating switch, which interrupts this circuit when activated via a contact arranged in the circuit.
  • This magnetic switch is triggered by a simple circuit-technical measure, namely by means of a shunt branch applied via the diode only in the case of incorrect polarity, the high short-circuit current with a corresponding spatial arrangement, ie a coupling, generating a sufficiently high excitation in the magnetic circuit to the An - ker and open the contact.
  • the shunt branch forms only a single turn or only half a turn, in that it is guided between the yoke and coil or only outside the yoke approximately perpendicular to its longitudinal direction. This triggering of the magnet system with the incorrectly polarized short-circuit current takes place without the involvement of the coil winding, so that in principle a magnet system without winding could also be used for this purpose.
  • an electromagnetic system that also triggers a coil winding in normal operation, for example for battery disconnection in the event of malfunctions, such as a (correctly polarized) short-circuit current or in the event of an accident with an impact acceleration sensor.
  • the protective device according to the invention is connected to a battery disconnect switch, which is arranged spatially in the region of the battery and has an electromagnet system with a coil and a yoke.
  • the shunt branch can be passed between the winding and the yoke in the form of a sheet metal strip made of highly conductive metal.
  • the drawing shows an on-board battery 1, the positive pole of which is connected to a load current line 2 and the negative pole of which is generally connected to a ground line 3.
  • these two power lines lead through a schematically illustrated disconnector unit, at whose output the on-board electrical system terminals 5 and 6 are arranged.
  • electronic systems are also switched on, which in any case must be protected against incorrect polarity of the on-board electrical system.
  • There is a risk of incorrect polarity in particular if either the on-board battery 1 is incorrectly connected during installation or if an additional third-party battery 7 is connected via jump starter cable 8 with incorrect polarity to support a weak on-board battery.
  • a schematically illustrated electromagnet system 9 is arranged, which has a coil 10, a U-shaped yoke 11 and a lifting armature 12.
  • the armature 12 actuates a normally closed contact 13, which is therefore opened when the armature 12 is tightened and thus interrupts the power line 2.
  • the mechanical coupling between the armature 12 and the isolating contact 13 is only indicated schematically. In fact, this coupling is designed so that the contact opens and remains open after tripping, even when the armature returns to its rest position.
  • the coil 10 is supplied with an excitation signal via the coil connections 15, which comes from a control device 16.
  • This control device 16 can evaluate any signals, for example the signal of a current sensor 17 or an impact acceleration sensor 18.
  • the special structure and the special control of the magnet system 9 are not important for the present invention. The only thing that is important is the presence of a magnet system with an iron circle, which is formed here, for example, by the yoke 11 and the armature 12.
  • a shunt line 20 is now led to the ground conductor 3, that is to say, for example, the connection point 21, between the load current conductor 2, specifically from a tap 19 on the side of the contact 13 facing away from the battery.
  • This shunt line 20 is, for example, in the form of a highly conductive sheet metal strip 22 through or close to the ferromagnetic circuit 11, 12, so that it crosses the ferromagnetic circuit approximately perpendicular.
  • a diode 23 is arranged in the shunt circuit 20 and is switched in the reverse direction with respect to the normally installed on-board battery 1.
  • the shunt circuit receives a high short-circuit current through the diode 23 only in the case of incorrect polarity of the external battery 7, which induces a magnetic flux via the conductor 20 in the ferromagnetic circuit of the yoke 11 and the armature 12, which causes the magnet system 9 to respond.
  • the armature 12 is thus attracted and opens the contact 13.
  • the voltage in the vehicle electrical system only corresponds to the voltage drop across the diode in the event of incorrect polarity and is therefore approximately -1 volt. This voltage is also only present for a very short time, since, as described, the short-circuit current flowing through the diode triggers the magnet system and opens the contact 13 within a few milliseconds.
  • the protective device has the advantage that, in comparison to the previous protective circuits with series diodes, it is no longer necessary to protect every individual electronic system against reverse polarity. In addition, the power conversion associated with each series diode is also eliminated. Due to the direct use of the short-circuit current in the magnet system, the system is independent of additional electronics, and it does not require any energy storage devices to be triggered. Furthermore, the system requires only a single diode and, if an electromagnet system is present as a disconnect switch anyway is just the shunt conductor. It is also very inexpensive and economical in terms of circuitry complexity.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

A protecting device has a disconnecting contact (13) connected to the load current line (2) and actuated by an electromagnetic system (9). A shunt circuit leads from the side of the disconnecting contact (13) opposite to the battery to an earth line (3), via a diode polarised in the blocking direction. The earth line (3) crosses or extends through the ferromagnetic circuit of the electromagnetic system (9). When the battery terminals are connected to reverse poles, a high short-circuit current flows through the diode (23) and induces an excitation in the ferromagnetic circuit (11, 12) of the magnetic system (9), lifting the armature (12) and opening the disconnecting contact (13).

Description

Beschreibungdescription
Schutzvorrichtung gegen Falschpolung im elektrischen Bordnetz eines FahrzeugesProtection against incorrect polarity in the electrical system of a vehicle
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Schutzvorrichtung gegen Falschpolung im elektrischen Bordnetz eines Fahrzeuges mit einer Batterie, deren zwei Ausgangspole zwei Stromleitungen mit unterschiedlichen Potentialen beaufschlagen.The invention relates to a protective device against incorrect polarity in the electrical system of a vehicle with a battery, the two output poles of which act on two power lines with different potentials.
Bei Kraftfahrzeugen ist es in bestimmten Störungssituationen wünschenswert, das Bordnetz möglichst in unmittelbarer Nähe der Batterie schlagartig abzuschalten. Ein solcher Fall ist etwa die Verpolung bei einer Starthilfe, wobei also eine Fremdbatterie durch eine Vertauschung der Starthilfekabel mit falscher Polung an die Ausgänge der Bordbatterie angeschlossen wird. Abgesehen von der Schädigung der Bordbatterie können in diesem Fall die elektronischen Systeme des Bordnetzes zerstört werden.In motor vehicles, it is desirable in certain fault situations to switch off the vehicle electrical system abruptly as close as possible to the battery. One such case is the reverse polarity of a jump starter, whereby a third-party battery is connected to the outputs of the on-board battery by swapping the jump start cables with incorrect polarity. Apart from damage to the on-board battery, the electronic systems of the on-board electrical system can be destroyed in this case.
Um diese Gefahr zu vermeiden, ist es bisher üblich, die elektronischen Systeme in dem Fahrzeug durch Reihendioden oder Gleichrichterbrücken zu schützen, wie dies auch bei anderen Geräten weithin praktiziert wird. Das hat aber den Nachteil, daß über jede der Reihendioden während des normalen Betriebes eine Leistung umgesetzt wird. Gerade im Fahrzeug ist aber ein solcher zusätzlicher Leistungsverbrauch besonders unerwünscht. Außerdem bedeutet diese Einzelabsicherung bei der Vielzahl von elektronischen Systemen in modernen Fahrzeugen auch einen erheblichen Aufwand an Bauelementen und Schaltungstechnik.In order to avoid this danger, it has hitherto been customary to protect the electronic systems in the vehicle by means of series diodes or rectifier bridges, as is also widely practiced with other devices. However, this has the disadvantage that a power is implemented over each of the series diodes during normal operation. However, such additional power consumption is particularly undesirable in the vehicle. In addition, with the large number of electronic systems in modern vehicles, this individual protection also means a considerable outlay on components and circuit technology.
Für die Sicherung gegen andere Störfälle, insbesondere gegen Kurzschlüsse im Bordnetz, sind bereits verschiedene Maßnahmen bekannt. So ist aus der DE 41 10 240 Cl eine Einrichtung zur Absicherung eines HauptStrompfades in einem Kraftfahrzeug bekannt. Hierbei wird eine Kurzschlußεituation durch verschie- dene Fühler und Vergleichsmittel festgestellt und zur Trennung des Stromkreises ausgewertet. Als Abschaltmittel werden dort beispielsweise eine Sprengkapsel oder ein elektromagnetischer Aktuator genannt, ohne daß auf die Konstruktion und die Funktion eines derartigen Aktuators näher eingegangen wird.Various measures are already known for securing against other faults, in particular against short circuits in the vehicle electrical system. A device for securing a main current path in a motor vehicle is known from DE 41 10 240 Cl. A short-circuit situation is the sensor and comparison means determined and evaluated to separate the circuit. An explosive device or an electromagnetic actuator are mentioned as shutdown means, for example, without going into detail about the construction and function of such an actuator.
Für andere Anwendungszwecke sind jedoch Lasttrennschalter in Form von Überstrom-Auslösern mit einem Elektromagnetsystem bekannt, beispielsweise aus der EP 0 322 987 Bl .For other applications, however, switch disconnectors in the form of overcurrent releases with an electromagnetic system are known, for example from EP 0 322 987 B1.
Ziel der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine Schutzvorrichtung zu schaffen, mit der das Bordnetz eines Fahrzeuges auf einfache Weise effektiv gegen eine Falschpolung am Batterie- anschluß geschützt werden kann.The aim of the present invention is to provide a protective device with which the vehicle electrical system of a vehicle can be effectively and easily protected against incorrect polarity at the battery connection.
Erfindungsgemäß wird dieses Ziel dadurch erreicht, daß in die ein erstes Potential führende Stromleitung in Reihenschaltung ein Trennkontakt eines elektromagnetischen Trennschalters eingefügt ist, welcher einen einen ferromagnetischen Kreis mit einem Kern und/oder einem Joch sowie einem den Trennkontakt betätigenden Anker bildet, daß von der der Batterie abgewandten Seite des Trennkontaktes ein niederohmiger Nebenschlußzweig über eine in Sperrichtung geschaltete Diode an die das zweite Potential führende Stromleitung geführt ist und daß der Nebenschlußzweig den -ferromagnetischen Kreis des Trennschalters kreuzt.According to the invention, this object is achieved in that an isolating contact of an electromagnetic isolating switch is inserted into the current line carrying a first potential, which isolating contact forms a ferromagnetic circuit with a core and / or a yoke and an armature actuating the isolating contact, that of the Side of the isolating contact facing away from the battery, a low-resistance shunt branch is led via a reverse-connected diode to the power line carrying the second potential, and that the shunt branch crosses the -ferromagnetic circuit of the disconnector.
Die erfindungsgemäße Schutzvorrichtung nutzt also einen elek- tromagnetischen Trennschalter, der beim Ansprechen über einen im Stromkreis angeordneten Kontakt diesen Stromkreis unterbricht. Durch eine einfache schaltungstechnische Maßnahme, nämlich durch einen über die Diode nur bei Falschpolung beaufschlagten Nebenschlußzweig, wird dieser Magnetschalter zur Auslösung gebracht, wobei der hohe Kurzschlußstrom bei entsprechender räumlicher Anordnung, d.h. einer Kopplung, eine genügend hohe Erregung in dem Magnetkreis erzeugt, um den An- ker anzuziehen und den Kontakt zu öffnen. Der Nebenschlußzweig bildet dabei nur eine einzige oder nur eine halbe Windung, indem er zwischen Joch und Spule oder auch nur außen am Joch etwa senkrecht zu dessen Längsrichtung vorbeigeführt wird. Diese Auslösung des Magnetsystems mit dem falsch gepolten Kurzschlußstrom erfolgt ohne Mitwirkung der Spulenwicklung, so daß für diesen Zweck grundsätzlich auch ein Magnetsystem ohne Wicklung verwendet werden könnte.The protective device according to the invention thus uses an electromagnetic isolating switch, which interrupts this circuit when activated via a contact arranged in the circuit. This magnetic switch is triggered by a simple circuit-technical measure, namely by means of a shunt branch applied via the diode only in the case of incorrect polarity, the high short-circuit current with a corresponding spatial arrangement, ie a coupling, generating a sufficiently high excitation in the magnetic circuit to the An - ker and open the contact. The shunt branch forms only a single turn or only half a turn, in that it is guided between the yoke and coil or only outside the yoke approximately perpendicular to its longitudinal direction. This triggering of the magnet system with the incorrectly polarized short-circuit current takes place without the involvement of the coil winding, so that in principle a magnet system without winding could also be used for this purpose.
Für die praktische Anwendung ist es jedoch vorteilhaft, ein Elektromagnetsystem zu verwenden, welches auch im normalen Betrieb über eine Spulenwicklung auslöst, beispielsweise zur Batterieabtrennung bei Störungsfällen, wie etwa bei einem (richtig gepoltem) Kurzschlußstrom oder bei einem Unfall mit einem Aufprall-Beschleunigungssensor .For practical use, however, it is advantageous to use an electromagnetic system that also triggers a coil winding in normal operation, for example for battery disconnection in the event of malfunctions, such as a (correctly polarized) short-circuit current or in the event of an accident with an impact acceleration sensor.
In einer bevorzugten Anwendung wird die erfindungsgemäße Schutzvorrichtung mit einem Batterietrennschalter verbunden, der räumlich im Bereich der Batterie angeordnet ist und ein ElektromagnetSystem mit einer Spule und einem Joch aufweist. In diesem Fall kann der Nebenschlußzweig in Form eines Blech- streifens aus gutleitendem Metall zwischen Wicklung und Joch hindurchgeführt werden.In a preferred application, the protective device according to the invention is connected to a battery disconnect switch, which is arranged spatially in the region of the battery and has an electromagnet system with a coil and a yoke. In this case, the shunt branch can be passed between the winding and the yoke in the form of a sheet metal strip made of highly conductive metal.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend an einem Ausführungsbeispiel näher erläutert, das in der Zeichnung schematisch dargestellt ist.The invention is explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment which is shown schematically in the drawing.
Die Zeichnung zeigt eine Bordbatterie 1, deren Pluspol an ei- ne Laststromleitung 2 und deren Minuspol im Regelfall an eine Masseleitung 3 angeschlossen ist. In dem dargestellten Beispiel führen diese beiden Stromleitungen durch eine schematisch dargestellte Trennschaltereinheit, an deren Ausgang die Bordnetzklemmen 5 und 6 angeordnet sind. In dem Bordnetz sind beispielsweise auch elektronische Systeme angeschaltet, die in jedem Fall gegen eine Falschpolung des Bordnetzes geschützt werden müssen. Die Gefahr einer Falschpolung tritt insbesondere dann auf, wenn entweder die Bordbatterie 1 beim Einbau falsch angeschlossen wird oder wenn zur Unterstützung einer schwachen Bordbatterie eine zusätzliche Fremdbatterie 7 über Starthilfekabel 8 mit falscher Polung angeschlossen wird.The drawing shows an on-board battery 1, the positive pole of which is connected to a load current line 2 and the negative pole of which is generally connected to a ground line 3. In the example shown, these two power lines lead through a schematically illustrated disconnector unit, at whose output the on-board electrical system terminals 5 and 6 are arranged. In the on-board electrical system, for example, electronic systems are also switched on, which in any case must be protected against incorrect polarity of the on-board electrical system. There is a risk of incorrect polarity in particular if either the on-board battery 1 is incorrectly connected during installation or if an additional third-party battery 7 is connected via jump starter cable 8 with incorrect polarity to support a weak on-board battery.
In der Trennschaltereinheit 4 ist ein schematisch dargestelltes Elektromagnetsystem 9 angeordnet, welches eine Spule 10, ein U-förmiges Joch 11 und einen Hubanker 12 aufweist. Der Anker 12 betätigt einen Ruhekontakt 13, der also beim Anziehen des Ankers 12 geöffnet wird und damit die Stromleitung 2 unterbricht. Die mechanische Kopplung zwischen dem Anker 12 und dem Trennkontakt 13 ist nur schematisch angedeutet. Tatsächlich ist diese Kopplung so gestaltet, daß der Kontakt nach dem Auslösen öffnet und geöffnet bleibt, auch wenn der Anker wieder in seine Ruheposition zurückkehrt. Der KontaktIn the isolating switch unit 4, a schematically illustrated electromagnet system 9 is arranged, which has a coil 10, a U-shaped yoke 11 and a lifting armature 12. The armature 12 actuates a normally closed contact 13, which is therefore opened when the armature 12 is tightened and thus interrupts the power line 2. The mechanical coupling between the armature 12 and the isolating contact 13 is only indicated schematically. In fact, this coupling is designed so that the contact opens and remains open after tripping, even when the armature returns to its rest position. The contact
13 kann dann erst wieder von Hand über ein Betätigungselement13 can then only again by hand using an actuating element
14 geschlossen werden. Derartige Überstromauslöser sind für Stromnetze bekannt, so daß der Fachmann eine entsprechende Konstruktion aus dem Stand der Technik wählen kann. Anstelle des HubankermagnetSystems könnte auch ein anderes Relais- Magnetsystem, beispielsweise mit einem Klappanker, verwendet werden.14 are closed. Such overcurrent releases are known for power grids, so that a person skilled in the art can choose an appropriate construction from the prior art. Instead of the lifting armature magnet system, another relay magnet system, for example with a hinged armature, could be used.
Zur normalen Auslösung des Magnetsystems 9 wird der Spule 10 über die Spulenanschlüsse 15 ein Erregersignal zugeführt, das von einer Steuereinrichtung 16 kommt. Diese Steuereinrichtung 16 kann beliebige Signale auswerten, beispielsweise das Signal eines Stromsensors 17 oder eines Aufprall- Beschleunigungssensors 18. Für die vorliegende Erfindung ist allerdings der spezielle Aufbau und die spezielle Ansteuerung des Magnetsystems 9 nicht von Bedeutung. Wichtig ist allein das Vorhandensein eines Magnetsystems mit einem Eisenkreis, der hier beispielsweise durch das Joch 11 und den Anker 12 gebildet ist. Gemäß der Erfindung wird nun zwischen dem Laststromleiter 2, und zwar von einem Abgriffspunkt 19 an der von der Batterie abgewandten Seite des Kontaktes 13 , eine Nebenschlußleitung 20 zum Masseleiter 3, also beispielsweise dem Anschlußpunkt 21, geführt. Diese Nebenschlußleitung 20 wird beispielsweise in Form eines gut leitenden Blechstreifens 22 durch den ferromagnetischen Kreis 11, 12 hindurch oder an diesem nahe vorbeigeführt, so daß er den ferromagnetischen Kreis annähernd senkrecht kreuzt. Außerdem ist in den Nebenschlußkreis 20 ei- ne Diode 23 angeordnet, welche bezüglich der normal eingebauten Bordbatterie 1 in Sperrichtung geschaltet ist.For normal triggering of the magnet system 9, the coil 10 is supplied with an excitation signal via the coil connections 15, which comes from a control device 16. This control device 16 can evaluate any signals, for example the signal of a current sensor 17 or an impact acceleration sensor 18. However, the special structure and the special control of the magnet system 9 are not important for the present invention. The only thing that is important is the presence of a magnet system with an iron circle, which is formed here, for example, by the yoke 11 and the armature 12. According to the invention, a shunt line 20 is now led to the ground conductor 3, that is to say, for example, the connection point 21, between the load current conductor 2, specifically from a tap 19 on the side of the contact 13 facing away from the battery. This shunt line 20 is, for example, in the form of a highly conductive sheet metal strip 22 through or close to the ferromagnetic circuit 11, 12, so that it crosses the ferromagnetic circuit approximately perpendicular. In addition, a diode 23 is arranged in the shunt circuit 20 and is switched in the reverse direction with respect to the normally installed on-board battery 1.
Der Nebenschlußkreis erhält durch die Diode 23 nur bei Falschpolung der Fremdbatterie 7 einen hohen Kurzschlußstrom, der über den Leiter 20 in dem ferromagnetischen Kreis des Joches 11 und des Ankers 12 einen Magnetfluß induziert, der das Magnetsystem 9 zum Ansprechen bringt. Der Anker 12 wird also angezogen und öffnet den Kontakt 13.The shunt circuit receives a high short-circuit current through the diode 23 only in the case of incorrect polarity of the external battery 7, which induces a magnetic flux via the conductor 20 in the ferromagnetic circuit of the yoke 11 and the armature 12, which causes the magnet system 9 to respond. The armature 12 is thus attracted and opens the contact 13.
Durch diese SchutzSchaltung über den Nebenschluß 20 und die Diode 23 entspricht bei Falschpolung die Spannung im Bordnetz lediglich dem Spannungsabfall über der Diode und liegt somit bei etwa -1 Volt. Diese Spannung liegt auch nur sehr kurze Zeit an, da, wie beschrieben, der über die Diode fließende Kurzschlußstrom innerhalb weniger Millisekunden das Magnetsystem auslöst und den Kontakt 13 öffnet.Due to this protective circuit via the shunt 20 and the diode 23, the voltage in the vehicle electrical system only corresponds to the voltage drop across the diode in the event of incorrect polarity and is therefore approximately -1 volt. This voltage is also only present for a very short time, since, as described, the short-circuit current flowing through the diode triggers the magnet system and opens the contact 13 within a few milliseconds.
Die erfindungsgemäße Schutzvorrichtung hat den Vorteil, daß im Vergleich zu den bisherigen SchutzSchaltungen mit Reihen- dioden nicht mehr jedes einzelne elektronische System gegen Verpolung geschützt werden muß. Außerdem entfällt auch der mit jeder Reihendiode verbundene Leistungsumsatz. Durch die direkte Nutzung des Kurzschlußstromes in dem Magnetsystem ist das System unabhängig von einer zusätzlichen Elektronik, und es benötigt auch keine Energiespeicher zur Auslösung. Überdies erfordert das System nur eine einzige Diode und, falls ein ElektromagnetSystem als Trennschalter ohnehin vorhanden ist, lediglich den Leiter für den Nebenschluß. Es ist also vom schaltungstechnischen Aufwand auch sehr preiswert und wirtschaftlich . The protective device according to the invention has the advantage that, in comparison to the previous protective circuits with series diodes, it is no longer necessary to protect every individual electronic system against reverse polarity. In addition, the power conversion associated with each series diode is also eliminated. Due to the direct use of the short-circuit current in the magnet system, the system is independent of additional electronics, and it does not require any energy storage devices to be triggered. Furthermore, the system requires only a single diode and, if an electromagnet system is present as a disconnect switch anyway is just the shunt conductor. It is also very inexpensive and economical in terms of circuitry complexity.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Schutzvorrichtung gegen Falschpolung im elektrischen Bordnetz eines Fahrzeuges mit einer Batterie (1) , deren zwei Auε- gangspole zwei Stromleitungen (2,3) mit unterschiedlichen Potentialen beaufschlagen, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß in die ein erstes Potential führende Stromleitung (2) in Reihenschaltung ein Trennkontakt (13) eines elektromagnetischen Trennschal- ters (9) eingefügt ist, welcher einen ferromagnetischen Kreis mit einem Kern und/oder einem Joch (11) sowie einem den Trennkontakt (13) betätigenden Anker (12) bildet, daß von der der Batterie (1) abgewandten Seite des Trennkontaktes (13) ein niederohmiger Nebenschlußzweig (20) über eine in Sperrichtung geschaltete Diode (23) an die das zweite Potential führende Stromleitung (3) geführt ist und daß der Nebenschlußzweig (20,22) den ferromagnetischen Kreis (11,12) des Trennschalters (9) kreuzt.1. Protection device against incorrect polarity in the electrical system of a vehicle with a battery (1) whose two output poles act on two power lines (2, 3) with different potentials, characterized in that a power line (2) carrying a first potential is connected in series Isolating contact (13) of an electromagnetic isolating switch (9) is inserted, which forms a ferromagnetic circuit with a core and / or a yoke (11) and an armature (12) actuating the isolating contact (13), that of the battery ( 1) facing away from the isolating contact (13), a low-resistance shunt branch (20) is led via a reverse-connected diode (23) to the current line (3) carrying the second potential and that the shunt branch (20, 22) carries the ferromagnetic circuit (11 , 12) of the disconnector (9) crosses.
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß der Trennschalter (9) eine Spulenwicklung (10) und ein die Spulenwicklung U-förmig umschließendes Joch (11) aufweist und daß der Nebenschlußkreis in Form eines Blechstreifens (22) aus hochleitfahigem Material zwischen der Wicklung (10) und dem Joch (11) hindurchgeführt ist.2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the isolating switch (9) has a coil winding (10) and a coil winding enclosing the U-shaped yoke (11) and in that the shunt circuit in the form of a sheet metal strip (22) made of highly conductive material between the winding (10) and the yoke (11) is passed.
3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2 , d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß der Trenn- Schalter (9) sowohl durch den Nebenschlußzweig (20,22) als auch durch einen Fühler (17,18) für einen außerordentlichen Zustand, beispielsweise für Kurzschluß oder Aufprall- Beschleunigung, über eine entsprechende Auswerteschaltung (16) auslösbar ist. 3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the isolating switch (9) both by the shunt branch (20,22) and by a sensor (17,18) for an extraordinary condition, for example for short circuit or impact acceleration , can be triggered via a corresponding evaluation circuit (16).
PCT/EP1998/000337 1997-01-22 1998-01-22 Reverse battery protecting device for the on-board electric network of a vehicle WO1998033255A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP53158398A JP2001508639A (en) 1997-01-22 1998-01-22 Protective device against incorrect connection in vehicle electrical power supply
EP98906883A EP0954894A1 (en) 1997-01-22 1998-01-22 Reverse battery protecting device for the on-board electric network of a vehicle
BR9807500A BR9807500A (en) 1997-01-22 1998-01-22 in the vehicle's on-board electrical network

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19702116.6 1997-01-22
DE19702116A DE19702116C2 (en) 1997-01-22 1997-01-22 Protection against incorrect polarity in the electrical system of a vehicle

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1998033255A1 true WO1998033255A1 (en) 1998-07-30

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP1998/000337 WO1998033255A1 (en) 1997-01-22 1998-01-22 Reverse battery protecting device for the on-board electric network of a vehicle

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EP (1) EP0954894A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2001508639A (en)
KR (1) KR20000070383A (en)
BR (1) BR9807500A (en)
DE (1) DE19702116C2 (en)
WO (1) WO1998033255A1 (en)

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DE19833984A1 (en) * 1998-07-10 2000-01-13 Ellenberger & Poensgen Protection switching device
DE19847669A1 (en) * 1998-10-15 2000-04-20 Delphi Automotive Systems Gmbh External start circuit for a vehicle battery
DE19946744A1 (en) * 1999-09-29 2001-05-10 Tyco Electronics Logistics Ag Method for securely coupling an external voltage network to an operating voltage network and circuit arrangement for carrying out the method
DE19946733A1 (en) * 1999-09-29 2001-05-17 Tyco Electronics Logistics Ag Method for securely coupling an external voltage network to an operating voltage network and circuit arrangement for carrying out the method
DE19951095C2 (en) * 1999-10-23 2003-09-04 Daimler Chrysler Ag Device for securing an electrical network
JP2001268784A (en) * 2000-03-17 2001-09-28 Alps Electric Co Ltd Inverse connection preventing circuit of power source
US6657839B2 (en) * 2000-08-25 2003-12-02 Tyco Electronics Corporation Protective relay
DE10047792A1 (en) * 2000-09-18 2002-03-28 Volkswagen Ag False polarity protection for battery for supplying electric user loads esp. in motor vehicle
US6486571B1 (en) * 2002-03-01 2002-11-26 Ford Global Technologies, Inc. Power delivery and connection circuit for an automotive vehicle
DE10237443A1 (en) * 2002-08-16 2004-02-26 Adam Opel Ag Unit for preventing damage to electronic components in a motor vehicle current circuit, has acoustic or optical detectable signal in case of a false polarity in the circuit
CN108183187B (en) * 2018-03-05 2024-02-09 东莞市恒浩新能源科技有限公司 Battery protection device of electric power automobile

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GB927650A (en) * 1959-02-25 1963-05-29 Ass Elect Ind Improvements in and relating to high speed electromagnetic trip mechanisms
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US2332951A (en) * 1942-01-28 1943-10-26 Gen Electric Battery charging control device
GB927650A (en) * 1959-02-25 1963-05-29 Ass Elect Ind Improvements in and relating to high speed electromagnetic trip mechanisms
US3659182A (en) * 1970-09-03 1972-04-25 Vln Corp Battery charging system with reverse battery protection

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR20000070383A (en) 2000-11-25
BR9807500A (en) 2000-03-21
DE19702116A1 (en) 1998-07-23
EP0954894A1 (en) 1999-11-10
JP2001508639A (en) 2001-06-26
DE19702116C2 (en) 1999-02-18

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