WO1998029731A1 - Apparatus and method for measuring the quality of concrete - Google Patents

Apparatus and method for measuring the quality of concrete Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998029731A1
WO1998029731A1 PCT/NL1997/000719 NL9700719W WO9829731A1 WO 1998029731 A1 WO1998029731 A1 WO 1998029731A1 NL 9700719 W NL9700719 W NL 9700719W WO 9829731 A1 WO9829731 A1 WO 9829731A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
concrete
porous material
quality
vessel
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NL1997/000719
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Pieter Jan Cornelis Bloem
Udo Netzelmann
Original Assignee
N.V. Kema
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by N.V. Kema filed Critical N.V. Kema
Priority to AU53491/98A priority Critical patent/AU5349198A/en
Priority to CA002276617A priority patent/CA2276617A1/en
Priority to EP97950514A priority patent/EP0950178A1/en
Publication of WO1998029731A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998029731A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/38—Concrete; ceramics; glass; bricks
    • G01N33/383—Concrete, cement
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N24/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance or other spin effects
    • G01N24/08—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance or other spin effects by using nuclear magnetic resonance
    • G01N24/081—Making measurements of geologic samples, e.g. measurements of moisture, pH, porosity, permeability, tortuosity or viscosity
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
    • Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for measuring the quality of porous material, for instance concrete. Such a method is generally known. According to said prior art method a cylinder is removed from said body to be examined, after which said cylinder is tested in a laboratory. Thus there is question of destructive testing.
  • the aim of the present invention is to provide such a method for testing the quality of concrete which is not destructive, and which is sufficiently accurate. It is noted that the determination of the permeability of concrete has a large economic value. In particular in the case of existing buildings the quality of the concrete, in particular the permeability thereof, gives an indica- tion of the remaining life time of the concrete, and the information can also be used as an indication for possible reconstructive measures .
  • the present invention provides a method which is characterized in that a body produced of said material is brought into contact with water, and that subsequently the migration of said water into said porous material is determined after which the quality is ascertained from the information thus obtained.
  • the present invention also relates to an apparatus for measuring the quality of porous material, for instance concrete, characterized by a nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus for measuring the concentration and the distribution of hydrogene atoms in a body made from said porous material by means of nuclear magnetic resonance, and by means for bringing said body made of said porous material into contact with water.
  • figure 1 a schematic cross-sectional view of an apparatus according to the present invention which is used with the execution of a method according to the present invention
  • figure 2 a diagramm for elucidating the action of the apparatus according to the present invention.
  • a concrete body 1 is shown, which is on one side delimited by a surface to air 2.
  • the permeability of the concrete changes during its life time; with increasing age the permeability for water increases.
  • a method for measuring the permeability comprising a vessel 3 which is filled with water. The vessel 3 is opened on one side, at which side it is located against the wall 2 of the body 1 to be examined. At the opposite side of the vessel 3 an R apparatus 4 is located.
  • a supply channel 5 connecting the vessel 3 with a hopper 6 water is supplied to the vessel 3.
  • Hydrostatic pressure may be used as well.
  • a pump for maintaining a pressure within the vessel 3.
  • the apparatus described above is located with the open side of the vessel 3 against the wall 2 of the body 1 to be examined.
  • the body 1 to be examined can be a concrete building, for instance a viaduct, a bridge, a constructive part of a power station or another concrete construction.
  • water is supplied from the supply vessel 6 to the vessel 3 after which the water starts entering the concrete.
  • the speed with which this entering process is executed is of course dependent of the permeability of the concrete. It is noted that normally already a certain amount of water is present in the concrete. This water will give rise to an NMR- signal
  • This amount of water comprises the so-called cristal water of the concrete, whereas it is not necessary, but very likely, that as a consequence of the normal humidity of the air "free" water is present in the concrete.
  • an NMR apparatus For measuring the water concentration in a volume 7 located in some depth under the surface, use is made, as stated before, of an NMR apparatus.
  • Such an apparatus is known per se, for instance for medical applications.
  • The- rein such an apparatus is used for localising irregularities in a living body to be examined.
  • the present invention allows to obtain a three-dimensional depiction in the time of the migration of the water; thus, an image can be made of the permeability of the concrete after which statements can be drawn relating to the quality of the concrete.
  • the humidification of a part of the surface can also be made by other means.

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for measuring the quality of porous material, for instance concrete, whereby a body produced of said material is brought into contact with water, and that subsequently the migration of said water into said porous material is determined after which the quality is ascertained from the information thus obtained. As a consequence of said features it is possible to determine precisely the migration of the water into said concrete in which, with the help with the thus obtained information, statements can be derived relating to the permeability of the concrete, after which the remaining life time of the concrete can be estimated, and that possible reinstating measures, like the new application of an outside coat, the application of a paint coat or the injecting with plastics. The invention also relates to an apparatus for performing such a method.

Description

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR MEASURING THE QUALITY OF CONCRETE
The invention relates to a method for measuring the quality of porous material, for instance concrete. Such a method is generally known. According to said prior art method a cylinder is removed from said body to be examined, after which said cylinder is tested in a laboratory. Thus there is question of destructive testing.
Further, an ISAT investigation is known, in which the quality of the concrete, in particular the permeabi- lity thereof is determined by the quantity of water which is absorbed by the concrete. However, this concerns a rather inadequate method.
The aim of the present invention is to provide such a method for testing the quality of concrete which is not destructive, and which is sufficiently accurate. It is noted that the determination of the permeability of concrete has a large economic value. In particular in the case of existing buildings the quality of the concrete, in particular the permeability thereof, gives an indica- tion of the remaining life time of the concrete, and the information can also be used as an indication for possible reconstructive measures .
Thus the present invention provides a method which is characterized in that a body produced of said material is brought into contact with water, and that subsequently the migration of said water into said porous material is determined after which the quality is ascertained from the information thus obtained.
As a consequence of said features it is possible to determine precisely the migration of the water into said concrete in which, with the help with the thus obtained information, statements can be derived relating to the permeability of the concrete, after which the remaining life time of the concrete can be estimated, and that possible reinstating measures, like the new application of an outside coat, the application of a paint coat or the injecting with plastics. The present invention also relates to an apparatus for measuring the quality of porous material, for instance concrete, characterized by a nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus for measuring the concentration and the distribution of hydrogene atoms in a body made from said porous material by means of nuclear magnetic resonance, and by means for bringing said body made of said porous material into contact with water.
Subsequently, the present invention will be elucidated with the help of the accompanying figures, in which are depicted: figure 1: a schematic cross-sectional view of an apparatus according to the present invention which is used with the execution of a method according to the present invention; and figure 2: a diagramm for elucidating the action of the apparatus according to the present invention.
In figure 1 a concrete body 1 is shown, which is on one side delimited by a surface to air 2. As discussed before, the permeability of the concrete changes during its life time; with increasing age the permeability for water increases. To measure this permeability use is made of a method for measuring the permeability comprising a vessel 3 which is filled with water. The vessel 3 is opened on one side, at which side it is located against the wall 2 of the body 1 to be examined. At the opposite side of the vessel 3 an R apparatus 4 is located. In this respect it is noted that this concerns only the probe of an NMR apparatus; it is very well possible that the exitation quills of the NMR apparatus are located elsewhere relative to the body 1 to be examined. By means of a supply channel 5, connecting the vessel 3 with a hopper 6 water is supplied to the vessel 3. Hydrostatic pressure may be used as well. According to an embodiment use can be made of a pump for maintaining a pressure within the vessel 3. When the method is executed the following procedure is applied. The apparatus described above is located with the open side of the vessel 3 against the wall 2 of the body 1 to be examined. The body 1 to be examined can be a concrete building, for instance a viaduct, a bridge, a constructive part of a power station or another concrete construction. Subsequently, at a time t0 water is supplied from the supply vessel 6 to the vessel 3 after which the water starts entering the concrete. The speed with which this entering process is executed is of course dependent of the permeability of the concrete. It is noted that normally already a certain amount of water is present in the concrete. This water will give rise to an NMR- signal
This amount of water comprises the so-called cristal water of the concrete, whereas it is not necessary, but very likely, that as a consequence of the normal humidity of the air "free" water is present in the concrete.
For measuring the water concentration in a volume 7 located in some depth under the surface, use is made, as stated before, of an NMR apparatus. Such an apparatus is known per se, for instance for medical applications. The- rein such an apparatus is used for localising irregularities in a living body to be examined.
In the present application such an NMR apparatus is used for determination of the density of water, differentiated to place and time in the concrete. To make things more clear figure 2 shows the signal of the NMR-apparatus at a certain location in the concrete as a function of time. At a time t , an increase of the signal is observed due to the arrival of some of the supplied water in volume 7. At the time t the increase of the signal and the shape of the curve are used to estimate the quality of the concrete. It is noted that by means of an NMR apparatus a constant magnetic field is applied onto which is superposed a secondary magnetic field varying in time and location. The H-atoms which are influenced by the magnetic field configuration mentioned above give thereon a certain reaction which reaction is measuring by means of the detection quills (probe) . By varying the distance between the NMR probe and the surface of the body to be examined it is possible to scan certain areas of the concrete body. Thus it is possible to obtain a depiction of the concentration of the H-atoms, and thus the H20-molecules as a function of depth, the lateral coordinates and time. Thus, the present invention allows to obtain a three-dimensional depiction in the time of the migration of the water; thus, an image can be made of the permeability of the concrete after which statements can be drawn relating to the quality of the concrete.
It will be clear that besides for concrete the present invention is also applicable to other porous and permeable materials.
Further it is noted that the humidification of a part of the surface can also be made by other means.

Claims

1. Method for measuring the quality of porous material, for instance concrete, characterized in that a body produced of said material is brought into contact with water, and that subsequently the migration of said water into said porous material is determined after which the quality is ascertained from the information thus obtained.
2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that preceding to the bringing into contact with water, initially the distribution of the water already present in the porous material is determined.
3. Method according to claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the determination of the distribution of the water takes place by means of the localisation of hydro- gene with the help of nuclear magnetic resonance.
4. Apparatus for measuring the quality of porous material, for instance concrete, characterized by a nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus for measuring the distribution of hydrogen atoms in a body made from said porous material by means of nuclear magnetic resonance, and by means for bringing said body made of said porous material into contact with water.
5. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the apparatus for supplying water to the body made of said porous material comprises a vessel of which at least one side is open, and which is arranged for brin- ging into contact with a plane of said body.
6. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that at least one detection element or excitation element of the NMR apparatus is connected with the side of the vessel, opposite the open side of said vessel.
7. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the vessel is connected with an apparatus for supplying water to said vessel under super-atmospheric pressure .
PCT/NL1997/000719 1996-12-30 1997-12-22 Apparatus and method for measuring the quality of concrete WO1998029731A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU53491/98A AU5349198A (en) 1996-12-30 1997-12-22 Apparatus and method for measuring the quality of concrete
CA002276617A CA2276617A1 (en) 1996-12-30 1997-12-22 Apparatus and method for measuring the quality of concrete
EP97950514A EP0950178A1 (en) 1996-12-30 1997-12-22 Apparatus and method for measuring the quality of concrete

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL1004915A NL1004915C2 (en) 1996-12-30 1996-12-30 Device and method for measuring the quality of concrete.
NL1004915 1996-12-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1998029731A1 true WO1998029731A1 (en) 1998-07-09

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Family Applications (1)

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PCT/NL1997/000719 WO1998029731A1 (en) 1996-12-30 1997-12-22 Apparatus and method for measuring the quality of concrete

Country Status (5)

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EP (1) EP0950178A1 (en)
AU (1) AU5349198A (en)
CA (1) CA2276617A1 (en)
NL (1) NL1004915C2 (en)
WO (1) WO1998029731A1 (en)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004041749A1 (en) * 2002-11-07 2004-05-21 Nawkaw Holdings B.V. Colouring masonry surfaces
CN103460006A (en) * 2011-03-31 2013-12-18 国立大学法人横浜国立大学 Water absorption test method and water absorption test device for concrete surface
JP2015059846A (en) * 2013-09-19 2015-03-30 公益財団法人鉄道総合技術研究所 Instrument for porous material quality evaluation
JP2015145833A (en) * 2014-02-03 2015-08-13 一般財団法人電力中央研究所 Air permeability testing device of concrete
JP2016166756A (en) * 2015-03-09 2016-09-15 公益財団法人鉄道総合技術研究所 Instrument for porous material quality evaluation
EP3225371A1 (en) * 2016-04-01 2017-10-04 Qavertec GmbH Method and device for providing a concrete product with a coating material
JP2018054568A (en) * 2016-09-30 2018-04-05 株式会社 エバープロテクト Water permeability inspection device
CN114002101A (en) * 2021-10-20 2022-02-01 北京化工大学 In-situ nondestructive detection device and method for water absorption of surface of ancient building masonry

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4291271A (en) * 1979-11-01 1981-09-22 Phillips Petroleum Company Method for determining pore size distribution and fluid distribution in porous media
US4979390A (en) * 1988-12-01 1990-12-25 Morris Schupack Method and apparatus for testing relative permeability of materials
US5055787A (en) * 1986-08-27 1991-10-08 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Borehole measurement of NMR characteristics of earth formations

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4291271A (en) * 1979-11-01 1981-09-22 Phillips Petroleum Company Method for determining pore size distribution and fluid distribution in porous media
US5055787A (en) * 1986-08-27 1991-10-08 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Borehole measurement of NMR characteristics of earth formations
US4979390A (en) * 1988-12-01 1990-12-25 Morris Schupack Method and apparatus for testing relative permeability of materials

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004041749A1 (en) * 2002-11-07 2004-05-21 Nawkaw Holdings B.V. Colouring masonry surfaces
AU2002301894B2 (en) * 2002-11-07 2007-07-05 Nawkaw Holdings B. V. A masonry staining composition, a method of coating a masonry structure and a method of producing a masonry structure, a method of producing a masonry unit
US7622156B2 (en) 2002-11-07 2009-11-24 Nawkaw Holdings B.V. Colouring masonry surfaces
US9459192B2 (en) 2011-03-31 2016-10-04 National University Corporation Yokohama National University Water absorption test method and water absorption test device for concrete surface
EP2693186A1 (en) * 2011-03-31 2014-02-05 National University Corporation Yokohama National University Water absorption test method and water absorption test device for concrete surface
EP2693186A4 (en) * 2011-03-31 2014-11-26 Nat Univ Corp Yokohama Nat Uni Water absorption test method and water absorption test device for concrete surface
CN103460006A (en) * 2011-03-31 2013-12-18 国立大学法人横浜国立大学 Water absorption test method and water absorption test device for concrete surface
JP2015059846A (en) * 2013-09-19 2015-03-30 公益財団法人鉄道総合技術研究所 Instrument for porous material quality evaluation
JP2015145833A (en) * 2014-02-03 2015-08-13 一般財団法人電力中央研究所 Air permeability testing device of concrete
JP2016166756A (en) * 2015-03-09 2016-09-15 公益財団法人鉄道総合技術研究所 Instrument for porous material quality evaluation
EP3225371A1 (en) * 2016-04-01 2017-10-04 Qavertec GmbH Method and device for providing a concrete product with a coating material
JP2018054568A (en) * 2016-09-30 2018-04-05 株式会社 エバープロテクト Water permeability inspection device
CN114002101A (en) * 2021-10-20 2022-02-01 北京化工大学 In-situ nondestructive detection device and method for water absorption of surface of ancient building masonry

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL1004915C2 (en) 1998-07-06
EP0950178A1 (en) 1999-10-20
AU5349198A (en) 1998-07-31
CA2276617A1 (en) 1998-07-09

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