CA2276617A1 - Apparatus and method for measuring the quality of concrete - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for measuring the quality of concrete Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2276617A1 CA2276617A1 CA002276617A CA2276617A CA2276617A1 CA 2276617 A1 CA2276617 A1 CA 2276617A1 CA 002276617 A CA002276617 A CA 002276617A CA 2276617 A CA2276617 A CA 2276617A CA 2276617 A1 CA2276617 A1 CA 2276617A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- concrete
- water
- quality
- vessel
- measuring
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/38—Concrete; ceramics; glass; bricks
- G01N33/383—Concrete, cement
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N24/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance or other spin effects
- G01N24/08—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance or other spin effects by using nuclear magnetic resonance
- G01N24/081—Making measurements of geologic samples, e.g. measurements of moisture, pH, porosity, permeability, tortuosity or viscosity
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for measuring the quality of porous material, for instance concrete, whereby a body produced of said material is brought into contact with water, and that subsequently the migration of said water into said porous material is determined after which the quality is ascertained from the information thus obtained. As a consequence of said features it is possible to determine precisely the migration of the water into said concrete in which, with the help with the thus obtained information, statements can be derived relating to the permeability of the concrete, after which the remaining life time of the concrete can be estimated, and that possible reinstating measures, like the new application of an outside coat, the application of a paint coat or the injecting with plastics. The invention also relates to an apparatus for performing such a method.
Description
IvC.l.li)'v,:Li'.1-'vll l:.Wlli.'., Il= ll,- :.i-.lJ . t. _i r.tl iti .o',~l:JllL7- tlU :Sa ;:,:~JyJ~[.-EFio:tJ '~
v1 IU J.=.1JV1 ~ n1~11V1-1J WI JiL.a.'~JI nf1 ~i 1 1 VG 1V. V.J. JJ 1G.GJ
G PSM/Mv2/K39 PCT/NL97/00719 I9EUf PRF.ADD~L~ TO THE DESCRIETIQN
The invent=on relates to a method =or measuring the quality of porous material, for znstance concrete.
Such a method is 3enerally known.
According to said prior art: method a cylinder is removed from said body to be examined, after which said cylinder is tested in a laboratory. Thus there is question of destructive testing.
Further) an LSAT investiganion is known) in which the quality of the concrete, in particular the permeability thereof is determined b;~ the quantity of 25 water which is absorbed by the conerrate. However. this concerns a ratheY inadequate method.
US-A-4 979 390 describes a method for measuring the quality of conc=ete, wherein a blody produced of said material is brough>r into contact with water, and wherein subsequently the migration of said water into said porous rnatQrial is determined after which the quality is ascertained from the information thus obtained.
The aim of the present invention is to provide such a method for testing the quality of concrete which is not destructive, and which is sufficiently accurate.
It is noted that the determination of the pezmeability of concrete has a large economic value. In particular in the case of existing buildings the quality of the concrete, in particular the permeability thereof, gives an in-dication of the remaining life time o~ the concrete, and the information can also be used as an indication far possible reconstructive measurQS.
Thus the present invention provides a method which is characterized by a nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus for measuring the distribution of hydrogen atoms in said body by means of nuclear magnetic AMENDED SHEET
Kc'v. W~\ : t~h~:v-Vit t..W.:Wv..v W~ : tES- .'s-;~;~ t.: y.~. : +:.31 7~~
:,~? tJU t r-. +~t;~ t3J _WJ:)~1~~ifp5: N a3 ~J1 1 V JG1JSJ1 ~ ' 1~1~~-~CA 022766-17 1999-U6-29 G11 1 ~J 1G. ~J, JJ 1G.GJ
1 Q.
resonance, and in that 'at least one detection element or excitation element of the NMR. apparatus is connected with the side of the vessel) opposite the open side of said vessel.
As a consec,~:ence of said features it is possible to determine precisely the rnigXation of the water into said concrete in which. w:Lth the help with the thus obtained inforntation, statement:3 can be derived relating to the permeability of the c~encrete, after wrich the remaining life time of the Concrf~te can be estimated, and that possible reinstating measur~as, like the new application of an outside coat, the ~3pplication of a paint coat or the injecting with pla;~tics.
In this respect it is noted that from US-A-5 055 767 and from US-A-4 291 271 rneth~~ds and apparatuses are lu:own using NMR for exploration of sail and rock, and wherein the presence of hydrogen atoms is measu=ed. It applies, however) to the measurement of a steady state.
See further original description page 2, line 5 AMENDED SHEET
d possible reinstating measures, li ew application ' of an outside , a application of a paint coat or The present invention also relates to an apparatus for measuring the quality of porous material, for instan-ce concrete, characterized by a nuclear magnetic resonan-ce apparatus for measuring the concentration and the distribution of hydrogene atoms in a body made from said porous material by means of nuclear magnetic resonance, and by means for bringing said body made of said porous material into contact with water.
Subsequently, the present invention will be elucida-ted with the help of the accompanying figures, in which are depicted:
figure 1: a schematic cross-sectional view of an apparatus according to the present invention which is used with the execution of a method according to the present invention; and figure 2: a diagramm for elucidating the action of the apparatus according to the present invention.
In figure 1 a concrete body 1 is shown, which is on one side delimited by a surface to air 2. As discussed before, the permeability of the concrete changes during its life time; with increasing age the permeability for water increases. To measure this permeability use is made of a method for measuring the permeability comprising a vessel 3 which is filled with water. The vessel 3 is opened on one side, at which side it is located against the wall 2 of the body 1 to be examined. At the opposite side of the vessel 3 an NMR apparatus 4 is located. In this respect it is noted that this concerns only the probe of an NMR apparatus; it is very well possible that the exitation quills of the NMR apparatus are located elsewhere relative to the body 1 to be examined. By means of a supply channel 5, connecting the vessel 3 with a hopper 6 water is supplied to the vessel 3. Hydrostatic pressure may be used as well.
v1 IU J.=.1JV1 ~ n1~11V1-1J WI JiL.a.'~JI nf1 ~i 1 1 VG 1V. V.J. JJ 1G.GJ
G PSM/Mv2/K39 PCT/NL97/00719 I9EUf PRF.ADD~L~ TO THE DESCRIETIQN
The invent=on relates to a method =or measuring the quality of porous material, for znstance concrete.
Such a method is 3enerally known.
According to said prior art: method a cylinder is removed from said body to be examined, after which said cylinder is tested in a laboratory. Thus there is question of destructive testing.
Further) an LSAT investiganion is known) in which the quality of the concrete, in particular the permeability thereof is determined b;~ the quantity of 25 water which is absorbed by the conerrate. However. this concerns a ratheY inadequate method.
US-A-4 979 390 describes a method for measuring the quality of conc=ete, wherein a blody produced of said material is brough>r into contact with water, and wherein subsequently the migration of said water into said porous rnatQrial is determined after which the quality is ascertained from the information thus obtained.
The aim of the present invention is to provide such a method for testing the quality of concrete which is not destructive, and which is sufficiently accurate.
It is noted that the determination of the pezmeability of concrete has a large economic value. In particular in the case of existing buildings the quality of the concrete, in particular the permeability thereof, gives an in-dication of the remaining life time o~ the concrete, and the information can also be used as an indication far possible reconstructive measurQS.
Thus the present invention provides a method which is characterized by a nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus for measuring the distribution of hydrogen atoms in said body by means of nuclear magnetic AMENDED SHEET
Kc'v. W~\ : t~h~:v-Vit t..W.:Wv..v W~ : tES- .'s-;~;~ t.: y.~. : +:.31 7~~
:,~? tJU t r-. +~t;~ t3J _WJ:)~1~~ifp5: N a3 ~J1 1 V JG1JSJ1 ~ ' 1~1~~-~CA 022766-17 1999-U6-29 G11 1 ~J 1G. ~J, JJ 1G.GJ
1 Q.
resonance, and in that 'at least one detection element or excitation element of the NMR. apparatus is connected with the side of the vessel) opposite the open side of said vessel.
As a consec,~:ence of said features it is possible to determine precisely the rnigXation of the water into said concrete in which. w:Lth the help with the thus obtained inforntation, statement:3 can be derived relating to the permeability of the c~encrete, after wrich the remaining life time of the Concrf~te can be estimated, and that possible reinstating measur~as, like the new application of an outside coat, the ~3pplication of a paint coat or the injecting with pla;~tics.
In this respect it is noted that from US-A-5 055 767 and from US-A-4 291 271 rneth~~ds and apparatuses are lu:own using NMR for exploration of sail and rock, and wherein the presence of hydrogen atoms is measu=ed. It applies, however) to the measurement of a steady state.
See further original description page 2, line 5 AMENDED SHEET
d possible reinstating measures, li ew application ' of an outside , a application of a paint coat or The present invention also relates to an apparatus for measuring the quality of porous material, for instan-ce concrete, characterized by a nuclear magnetic resonan-ce apparatus for measuring the concentration and the distribution of hydrogene atoms in a body made from said porous material by means of nuclear magnetic resonance, and by means for bringing said body made of said porous material into contact with water.
Subsequently, the present invention will be elucida-ted with the help of the accompanying figures, in which are depicted:
figure 1: a schematic cross-sectional view of an apparatus according to the present invention which is used with the execution of a method according to the present invention; and figure 2: a diagramm for elucidating the action of the apparatus according to the present invention.
In figure 1 a concrete body 1 is shown, which is on one side delimited by a surface to air 2. As discussed before, the permeability of the concrete changes during its life time; with increasing age the permeability for water increases. To measure this permeability use is made of a method for measuring the permeability comprising a vessel 3 which is filled with water. The vessel 3 is opened on one side, at which side it is located against the wall 2 of the body 1 to be examined. At the opposite side of the vessel 3 an NMR apparatus 4 is located. In this respect it is noted that this concerns only the probe of an NMR apparatus; it is very well possible that the exitation quills of the NMR apparatus are located elsewhere relative to the body 1 to be examined. By means of a supply channel 5, connecting the vessel 3 with a hopper 6 water is supplied to the vessel 3. Hydrostatic pressure may be used as well.
According to an embodiment use can be made of a pump for maintaining a pressure within the vessel 3. When the method is executed the following procedure is applied.
The apparatus described above is located with the open side of the vessel 3 against the wall 2 of the body 1 to be examined. The body 1 to be examined can be a concrete building, for instance a viaduct, a bridge, a constructive part of a power station or another concrete construction. Subsequently, at a time to water is supplied from the supply vessel 6 to the vessel 3 after which the water starts entering the concrete. The speed with which this entering process is executed is of course dependent of the permeability of the concrete. It is noted that normally already a certain amount of water is present in the concrete. This water will give rise to an NMR-signal So.
This amount of water comprises the so-called cristal water of the concrete, whereas it is not necessary, but very likely, that as a consequence of the normal humidity of the air "free" water is present in the concrete.
For measuring the water concentration in a volume 7 located in some depth under the surface, use is made, as stated before, of an NMR apparatus. Such an apparatus is known per se) for instance for medical applications. The-rein such an apparatus is used for localising irregularities in a living body to be examined.
In the present application such an NMR apparatus is used for determination of the density of water, differen-tiated to place and time in the concrete.
To make things more clear figure 2 shows the signal of the NMR-apparatus at a certain location in the concrete as a function of time. At a time tl, an increase of the signal is observed due to the arrival of some of the supplied water in volume 7. At the time tl the increase of the signal and the shape of the curve are used to estimate the quality of the concrete. It is noted that by means of an NMR apparatus a constant magnetic field is applied onto which is superposed a secondary magnetic field varying in time and location. The H-atoms which are influenced by the magnetic field configuration mentioned above give thereon a certain reaction which reaction is measuring by means of the detection quills (probe). By varying the distance between the NMR probe and the surface of the body to be examined it is possible to scan certain areas of the concrete body. Thus it is possible to obtain a depiction of the concentration of the H-atoms, and thus the H20-molecules as a function of depth, the lateral coordinates and time. Thus, the present invention allows to obtain a three-dimensional depiction in the time of the migration of the water;
thus, an image can be made of the permeability of the concrete after which statements can be drawn relating to the quality of the concrete.
It will be clear that besides for concrete the present invention is also applicable to other porous and permeable materials.
Further it is noted that the humidification of a part of the surface can also be made by other means.
_.___ ._ 1
The apparatus described above is located with the open side of the vessel 3 against the wall 2 of the body 1 to be examined. The body 1 to be examined can be a concrete building, for instance a viaduct, a bridge, a constructive part of a power station or another concrete construction. Subsequently, at a time to water is supplied from the supply vessel 6 to the vessel 3 after which the water starts entering the concrete. The speed with which this entering process is executed is of course dependent of the permeability of the concrete. It is noted that normally already a certain amount of water is present in the concrete. This water will give rise to an NMR-signal So.
This amount of water comprises the so-called cristal water of the concrete, whereas it is not necessary, but very likely, that as a consequence of the normal humidity of the air "free" water is present in the concrete.
For measuring the water concentration in a volume 7 located in some depth under the surface, use is made, as stated before, of an NMR apparatus. Such an apparatus is known per se) for instance for medical applications. The-rein such an apparatus is used for localising irregularities in a living body to be examined.
In the present application such an NMR apparatus is used for determination of the density of water, differen-tiated to place and time in the concrete.
To make things more clear figure 2 shows the signal of the NMR-apparatus at a certain location in the concrete as a function of time. At a time tl, an increase of the signal is observed due to the arrival of some of the supplied water in volume 7. At the time tl the increase of the signal and the shape of the curve are used to estimate the quality of the concrete. It is noted that by means of an NMR apparatus a constant magnetic field is applied onto which is superposed a secondary magnetic field varying in time and location. The H-atoms which are influenced by the magnetic field configuration mentioned above give thereon a certain reaction which reaction is measuring by means of the detection quills (probe). By varying the distance between the NMR probe and the surface of the body to be examined it is possible to scan certain areas of the concrete body. Thus it is possible to obtain a depiction of the concentration of the H-atoms, and thus the H20-molecules as a function of depth, the lateral coordinates and time. Thus, the present invention allows to obtain a three-dimensional depiction in the time of the migration of the water;
thus, an image can be made of the permeability of the concrete after which statements can be drawn relating to the quality of the concrete.
It will be clear that besides for concrete the present invention is also applicable to other porous and permeable materials.
Further it is noted that the humidification of a part of the surface can also be made by other means.
_.___ ._ 1
Claims (4)
1. Method for measuring the quality of concrete, wherein a body (1) produced of said malarial is brought into contact with water, and wherein subsequently the migration of said water into said porous material is determined after which the quality is ascertained from the information thus obtained, characterized in that the determination of the migration of the water takes place through three-dimensional depiction of its concentration as a function of time by means Of the localisation of hydrogen with the help of nuclear magnetic resonanca.
2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that preceding to the bringing into contact with water, initially the distribution of the water already present in the body of concrete (1) is determined.
3. Apparatus for measuring the quality of concrete according to claim 1 or 2, comprising a vessel (3) of which at least one side is open, and which is arranged for bringing into contact with a plane (2) of said body, characterized! by a nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus (4) for measuring the distribution of hydrogen atoms in said body (1) b; means of nuclear magnetic resonance, and in that at least one date-lion element or excitation element of the NMR apparatus (4) is connected with the side of the vessel (3), opposite the open side of said vessel (3).
4. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the vessel is connected with an apparatus for supplying water to said vessel under super-atmospheric pressure.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL1004915A NL1004915C2 (en) | 1996-12-30 | 1996-12-30 | Device and method for measuring the quality of concrete. |
| NL1004915 | 1996-12-30 | ||
| PCT/NL1997/000719 WO1998029731A1 (en) | 1996-12-30 | 1997-12-22 | Apparatus and method for measuring the quality of concrete |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2276617A1 true CA2276617A1 (en) | 1998-07-09 |
Family
ID=19764152
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002276617A Abandoned CA2276617A1 (en) | 1996-12-30 | 1997-12-22 | Apparatus and method for measuring the quality of concrete |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0950178A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU5349198A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2276617A1 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL1004915C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1998029731A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU2002301894B2 (en) * | 2002-11-07 | 2007-07-05 | Nawkaw Holdings B. V. | A masonry staining composition, a method of coating a masonry structure and a method of producing a masonry structure, a method of producing a masonry unit |
| EP2693186A4 (en) * | 2011-03-31 | 2014-11-26 | Nat Univ Corp Yokohama Nat Uni | Water absorption test method and water absorption test device for concrete surface |
| JP6106055B2 (en) * | 2013-09-19 | 2017-03-29 | 公益財団法人鉄道総合技術研究所 | Porous material quality evaluation equipment |
| JP6189763B2 (en) * | 2014-02-03 | 2017-08-30 | 一般財団法人電力中央研究所 | Air permeability test equipment for concrete |
| JP6253605B2 (en) * | 2015-03-09 | 2017-12-27 | 公益財団法人鉄道総合技術研究所 | Porous material quality evaluation equipment |
| ES2699704T3 (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2019-02-12 | Omnicon Gmbh | Method and device for providing a concrete product with a coating material |
| JP6829361B2 (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2021-02-10 | 株式会社 エバープロテクト | Permeability inspection device |
| CN114002101A (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2022-02-01 | 北京化工大学 | In-situ nondestructive detection device and method for water absorption of surface of ancient building masonry |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4291271A (en) * | 1979-11-01 | 1981-09-22 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Method for determining pore size distribution and fluid distribution in porous media |
| US5055787A (en) * | 1986-08-27 | 1991-10-08 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Borehole measurement of NMR characteristics of earth formations |
| US4979390A (en) * | 1988-12-01 | 1990-12-25 | Morris Schupack | Method and apparatus for testing relative permeability of materials |
-
1996
- 1996-12-30 NL NL1004915A patent/NL1004915C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1997
- 1997-12-22 CA CA002276617A patent/CA2276617A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-12-22 AU AU53491/98A patent/AU5349198A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-12-22 WO PCT/NL1997/000719 patent/WO1998029731A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-12-22 EP EP97950514A patent/EP0950178A1/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU5349198A (en) | 1998-07-31 |
| NL1004915C2 (en) | 1998-07-06 |
| WO1998029731A1 (en) | 1998-07-09 |
| EP0950178A1 (en) | 1999-10-20 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Dead |