WO1998027814A1 - Composition for treating fruit crops - Google Patents

Composition for treating fruit crops Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998027814A1
WO1998027814A1 PCT/IL1997/000385 IL9700385W WO9827814A1 WO 1998027814 A1 WO1998027814 A1 WO 1998027814A1 IL 9700385 W IL9700385 W IL 9700385W WO 9827814 A1 WO9827814 A1 WO 9827814A1
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Prior art keywords
oil
ethepon
dormancy
breaking
trees
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IL1997/000385
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Shevach Tenzer
Original Assignee
Tarsis Agricultural & Industrial Chemicals Co. Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tarsis Agricultural & Industrial Chemicals Co. Ltd. filed Critical Tarsis Agricultural & Industrial Chemicals Co. Ltd.
Priority to AU51323/98A priority Critical patent/AU5132398A/en
Publication of WO1998027814A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998027814A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N45/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing compounds having three or more carbocyclic rings condensed among themselves, at least one ring not being a six-membered ring
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
    • A01N57/18—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • A01N57/20—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds containing acyclic or cycloaliphatic radicals

Definitions

  • compositions which serve to break the dormancy and the delayed un-uniform foliation of "top fruit” such as apples, pears, plums, almonds, apricots and peaches.
  • compositions contain well known acceptable components, yet such compounds or their combination has never before been used for the above purpose.
  • compositions are characterized in that they are non-toxic, also to the human operator.
  • Trees of the type defined above loose their leaves during the winter and pass into a state of dormancy, with minimum metabolic activity.
  • Uniformity of flowering is highly desirable as this makes possible harvesting of the ripe fruit in one stage.
  • a bad breaking of the dormancy results in heat stroke of the plants and may impair crop yield.
  • compositions at the end of the winter which break the dormancy and overcome delayed foliation, which are mineral oil emulsions which contain dinitro ortho cresol (DNOC).
  • DNOC dinitro ortho cresol
  • the use of such formulations is widespread in orchards is deciduous fruit trees.
  • Mineral oils containing DNOC are quite toxic and also teratogenic and health authorities are averse to the use of DNOC.
  • compositions of the present invention are devoid of DNOC and thus the risk of using compositions for the intended purpose is drastically reduced.
  • One of the components of compositions of the present invention can be Ethepon (2-(chloroethyl)) phosphonic acid sold under the Trade Marks Ethrel, Florel, and also designated at CEPHA.
  • This is generally used as ethylene releasing agent used to control growth and ripening of fruit crops. No use of this compound for dormancy breaking is known hitherto.
  • Agricultural chemical formations for breaking the dormancy of deciduous fruit trees and which result in a more uniform foliation which comprise a mineral oil emulsion which contains an adequate concentration of either gibberilic acid or Ethepon (Ethrel T.M.).
  • Ethepon Ethrel T.M.
  • emulsions of paraffin oils results obtained with the novel compositions compare favorably with the conventional formulations, such as NEROTEX 5 (which comprises 80 oil emulsion containing DNOC).
  • NEROTEX 5 which comprises 80 oil emulsion containing DNOC.
  • the spray application was in March 1995, using a pressure sprayer with spray guns; volume of spray: 2000 lit/ha.
  • Nerotox 5 “mayonnaise” type oil containing 1.5 g/l D.N.O.C. Treatments:
  • Table 1 Bloom (dormancy breaking) of Apple Trees - April 19, 1996 Visual rating in scale 0-10: 0-dormant, 10-full bloom
  • Ethepon 50% SI_
  • Ethepon was tested alone and in combination with mineral oils.
  • the oils are paraffinic, without D.N.O.C.
  • Nerotex-5 5% (mayonnaise" type oil with D.N.O.C.)
  • Ethepon 50% SL
  • Ethepon was tested alone and in combination with mineral oils.
  • the oils used are paraffinic, without D.N.O.C.
  • Nerotex-5 5% (mayonnaise" type oil with D.N.O.C.)
  • the experiment was done in Kibbutz Zooba, an Apple var. Golden Delicious, grown on heavy soil.
  • the trial layout was randomized blocks, each treatment replicated 4 times. Replication size was 2-3 trees.
  • the spray application was done on March 29, 1996, using a pressure sprayer with guns. Volume of spray: 1500 lit/ha.
  • Nerotar 5% (“mayonnaise" type oil without D.N.O.C).
  • Nerotex - 5 5% (mayonnaise" type oil with D.N.O.C).
  • Nerotex treatment oil + D.N.O.C
  • ethepon treatments alone and with oils

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Storage Of Fruits Or Vegetables (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

Compositions for breaking the dormancy of deciduous fruit which comprises in combination Erhepon or gibberilic acid and a suitable oil.

Description

COMPOSITION FOR TREATING FRUIT CROPS
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
There are provided agricultural compositions which serve to break the dormancy and the delayed un-uniform foliation of "top fruit" such as apples, pears, plums, almonds, apricots and peaches.
The compositions contain well known acceptable components, yet such compounds or their combination has never before been used for the above purpose.
The novel compositions are characterized in that they are non-toxic, also to the human operator.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Trees of the type defined above, loose their leaves during the winter and pass into a state of dormancy, with minimum metabolic activity.
In cold climates, sever cold breaks this dormancy, which is not the case in our climate, where the "awakening" is un-uniform.
Uniformity of flowering is highly desirable as this makes possible harvesting of the ripe fruit in one stage. A bad breaking of the dormancy results in heat stroke of the plants and may impair crop yield. Hitherto, there are used compositions at the end of the winter which break the dormancy and overcome delayed foliation, which are mineral oil emulsions which contain dinitro ortho cresol (DNOC). The use of such formulations is widespread in orchards is deciduous fruit trees. Mineral oils containing DNOC are quite toxic and also teratogenic and health authorities are averse to the use of DNOC.
The novel compositions are devoid of DNOC and thus the risk of using compositions for the intended purpose is drastically reduced. One of the components of compositions of the present invention can be Ethepon (2-(chloroethyl)) phosphonic acid sold under the Trade Marks Ethrel, Florel, and also designated at CEPHA.
This is generally used as ethylene releasing agent used to control growth and ripening of fruit crops. No use of this compound for dormancy breaking is known hitherto.
In Israel, as well as in other regions with a similar climate fruit trees of the type set out, suffer from delayed foliation and become uneconomical to cultivate due to their sluggish and lengthy flowering period and poor leafing, with many buds remaining dormant, thus giving a low yield and fruit of un- uniform size.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Agricultural chemical formations for breaking the dormancy of deciduous fruit trees and which result in a more uniform foliation which comprise a mineral oil emulsion which contains an adequate concentration of either gibberilic acid or Ethepon (Ethrel T.M.). Preferred are emulsions of paraffin oils. Results obtained with the novel compositions compare favorably with the conventional formulations, such as NEROTEX 5 (which comprises 80 oil emulsion containing DNOC). In order to form a stable emulsion, there is used a suitable emulator.
Experiments were carried out both with gibberilic acid and with Ethepon (Ethrel) at various concentrations, with and without mineral oil emulsions, and compared as to the efficacy with NEROTOX 5 which is a commercial oil emulsion containing 1.5 g/1 DNOC.
The results presented in the following demonstrate the advantages of the oil emulsion / Ethepon or oil emulsion / gibberilic acid compositions, and these are also compared with controls where no spraying was effected.
Example 1 :
The Effect of a Combination of Oil and Gibberilic Acid as Dormancy Breaking Treatment in Apple
In this field trial, the efficacy of the combination of paraffinic oil and gibberilic acid as a dormancy breaking treatment in apple was tested.
Methods and Materials
The experiment was done in Kibbutz Naot Mordechay up north in Galilee, in an apple Orchard Var, Golden delicious, grown on heavy soil. The trial layout was in randomized blocks, each treatment was replicated 4 times, Replicate size being three trees.
The spray application was in March 1995, using a pressure sprayer with spray guns; volume of spray: 2000 lit/ha.
The results were assessed by visual rating of dormancy breaking and blooming of each tree in several bloom stages.
Products:
1. Oil+ gibberilic acid.
2. Nerotox 5 - "mayonnaise" type oil containing 1.5 g/l D.N.O.C. Treatments:
1. Oil+gibberilic acid 3%.
2. Oil+gibberilic acid 5%.
3. Nerotox 5 5%.
4. Control. RESULTS
Table 1 : Bloom (dormancy breaking) of Apple Trees - April 19, 1996 Visual rating in scale 0-10: 0-dormant, 10-full bloom
Figure imgf000007_0001
Table 2: Yield
Figure imgf000007_0002
RESULTS
The treatments of oil + gibberilic acid (3%, 5%) and the treatment of oil containing D.N.O.C. Did not effect the blossom but encouraged leafing vigor and tends to increase the yield.
Example 2:
In this experiment, the efficacy of Ethepon (50% SI_) was tested as a dormancy-breaking treatment in pears was evaluated. Ethepon was tested alone and in combination with mineral oils. The oils are paraffinic, without D.N.O.C.
Methods and Materials
The experiment was done in Kibbutz Shiller, in Pear Var. Spadona, grown on heavy soil. The trial layout was in randomized blocks, each treatment replicated 2-times. Replication size was one tree.
The spray application was done in February 14, 1996, using a motorized knapsack spray with blower. Volume of spray: 2 lit-tree (900 lit-ha).
The results were assessed by visual rating of the dormancy breaking and the blooming of each tree, several bloom stages.
Treatments
1. Ethepon 0.5%
2. Ethepon 0.05%
3. Ethepon 0.005%
4. Ethepon 0.5% + Nerotar ("mayonnaise" type oil)
5. Ethepon 0.05% + Nerotar
6. Ethepon 0.005% + Nerotar
7. Ethepon 0.05% + oil (EC formulation)
8. Nerotex-5 5% ("mayonnaise" type oil with D.N.O.C.)
9. Control RESULTS
Table 1 - Bloom (dormancy breaking) of Pear Trees
Visual rating in a 0-5 scale : 0 - dormant, 5 - full bloom
Figure imgf000009_0001
All treatments caused earlier dormancy breaking in comparison with the control, e.g., ethepon alone, even without oil had a dormancy-breaking effect.
Vegetative and mixed buds were equally affected by the treatments, the balance between flowers and leaves, caused earlier by buds differentiation, was non disturbed.
The best treatments were EC oil + ethepon 0.05% and Nerotar oil + ethepon 0.5%. "White" oil with ethepon was as effective as the standard Netorex oil with D.N.O.C. Ethepon is a suitable substitute for D.N.O.C. as additive to paraffinic oil in dormant spray.
All treatments had no phytotoxic effects on the treated plum trees.
After the open bloom stage, the trees were attacked by fire blight disease, and did not reached the fruit-set stage.
Example 3:
In this experiment, the efficacy of Ethepon (50% SL) as a dormancy-breaking treatment in plums was evaluated. Ethepon was tested alone and in combination with mineral oils. The oils used are paraffinic, without D.N.O.C.
Methods and Materials
The experiment was done in Kibbutz Shiler, in Plums Var Kesselman, grown on heavy soil. The trial layout was in randomized blocks, each treatment was replicated 4-times. Replication size was one tree. The spray application was done on February 12, 1996, using a motorized knapsack sprayer with blower. Volume of spray: 2 lit/tree (900 lit/ha).
The results were assessed by visual rating of the dormancy breaking and the blooming of each tree, at several bloom stages.
Treatments
1. Ethepon 0.5%
2. Ethepon 0.05%
3. Ethepon 0.005%
4. Ethepon 0.5% + Nerotar ("mayonnaise" type oil)
5. Ethepon 0.05% + Nerotar
6. Ethepon 0.005% + Nerotar
7. Ethepon 0.05% + oil (EC formulation)
8. Nerotex-5 5% ("mayonnaise" type oil with D.N.O.C.)
9. Control
RESULTS
Table 1 - Bloom (dormancy breaking) of Plum Trees
Visual rating in a 0-5 scale : 0 - dormant, 5 - full bloom
Figure imgf000011_0001
Table 2 - Bloom (dormancy breaking of Plum Trees - March 14, 1996 Visual rating in a 0-5 scale : 0 - dormant, 5 - full bloom
Figure imgf000012_0001
Table 3 - Bloom (dormancy breaking) of Plum Trees - March 21 , 1996 Visual rating in a 0-5 scale : 0 - dormant, 5 - full bloom
Figure imgf000012_0002
Table 4 - Assessment of Fruit Set - April 5, 1996
Visual rating in a 0-5 scale : 0 - dormant, 5 - full bloom
Figure imgf000013_0001
All treatments caused earlier dormancy breaking in comparison with the control. Ethepon alone, even without oil, had a dormancy-breaking effect.
The best treatments were EC oil + ethepon 0.05% and Nerotar oil + ethepon 0.5%. "White" oil with ethepon was as effective as the standard Nerotex oil with D.N.O.C. Ethepon serves as a substitute for D.N.O.C. as an additive to paraffinic oil in a "dormant spray".
All treatments had no phytotoxic effects on the treated plum trees. Example 4:
Methods and Materials
The experiment was done in Kibbutz Zooba, an Apple var. Golden Delicious, grown on heavy soil. The trial layout was randomized blocks, each treatment replicated 4 times. Replication size was 2-3 trees.
The spray application was done on March 29, 1996, using a pressure sprayer with guns. Volume of spray: 1500 lit/ha.
Before the plots were treated, five unified one year old terminal branches were marked. The buds in different stages on the branches were counted. There was also an assessment by visual rating of the dormancy breaking - the blooming of each tree in several bloom stages.
On May 22, 1996 there was done a mite's infestation assessment.
On September 22, 1996, October 96 and October 3, 1996 all of the fruit was picked and weighed. 100 pieces of fruit were sampled randomly and weighed to calculate average fruit weight.
Treatments:
1. Ethepon 0.1 %.
2. Ethepon 0.1 % + Nerotar 5% ("mayonnaise" type oil without D.N.O.C).
3. Ethepon 0.05% + oil E.C. 3%.
4. Ethepon 0.1 % + oil E.C. 5%.
5. Ethepon 0.05% + oil E.C. 3%.
6. Nerotex - 5 5% ("mayonnaise" type oil with D.N.O.C).
7. Control Results
Table 1 - Counting Buds in Different Stages - April 8 1996
Figure imgf000015_0001
Table 2 - Counting Buds in Different Stages - April 14, 1996
Figure imgf000016_0001
Table 3 - Counting Buds in Different Stages - April 28, 1996
Figure imgf000017_0001
eroex - . . . . . .
Control 12.50 3.53 78.53 0.81 3.26 1.35
Table 4 - Counting Buds in Different Stages - May 5, 1996
Figure imgf000018_0001
Table 5 - Bloom (dormancy breaking ) of Apple Trees
Visual rating in 0-5 scale: 0-dormant, 5-full bloom
Figure imgf000019_0001
Table 5 (contd.) - Bloom (dormancy breaking ) of Apple Trees
Visual rating in 0-5 scale: 0-dormant, 5-full bloom
Figure imgf000020_0001
Table 6 - Blooming and Fruit Setting of Apple Trees - May 5, 1996 Visual rating in 0-5 scale: 0-dormant, 5-full bloom
Figure imgf000021_0001
Table 7: European Red Mite {Panonychus ulmi) Infestation - May 22, 1996
Figure imgf000021_0002
Table 8: YIELD
Figure imgf000022_0001
No significant difference among treatments. Table 9: Average Fruit Weight
Figure imgf000022_0002
No significant difference among treatments. RESULTS
There was a good dormancy breaking effect in the terminal buds by all the treatments, including the control plots.
Nerotex treatment (oil + D.N.O.C), and ethepon treatments (alone and with oils) tend to increase bloom vigor, fruit set and yield, in comparison with the control plots.
There was European Red Mite control in the Ethepon combination with oil treatment, as good as the treatment with the oil which contains D.N.O.C. In the Ethepon (without oils) treatment mite's infestation was as in the untreated plots.
All treatments had no phytotoxic effects on the treated apple trees.

Claims

1. An agricultural composition for breaking the dormancy of deciduous fruit which comprises in combination Ethepon or gibberilic acid and a suitable oil.
2. A composition according to Claim 1 , where the oil is a mineral oil.
3. A composition according to Claim 1 or 2, where the oil is a paraffinic oil.
4. A composition according to any of Claims 1 to 3, where the oil is in the form of an oil in water emulsion.
5. A composition according to Claim 4, where the oil is a mayonnaise type oil or an EC oil.
6. A composition according to any of Claims 1 to 5, which contains from about 2 to about 8 per cent gibberilic acid.
7. A composition according to any of Claims 1 to 5, which contains from about 0.005% and about 0.5% Ethepon.
8. Compositions for breaking the dormancy of fruit trees resulting in a more uniform foliation, substantially as described and with reference to any of the Examples.
9. A method for breaking the dormancy of fruit trees at the end of a cold period, which comprises applying to said trees a composition as claimed in any of Claims 1 to 7.
10. A method according to Claim 9, which contains both Ethepon and a suitable oil, or gibberilic acid and a suitable oil or a solution of Ethepon or a solution of gibberilic acid.
PCT/IL1997/000385 1996-12-04 1997-11-24 Composition for treating fruit crops WO1998027814A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU51323/98A AU5132398A (en) 1996-12-04 1997-11-24 Composition for treating fruit crops

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IL11975496A IL119754A (en) 1996-12-04 1996-12-04 Composition for breaking dormancy of fruit trees comprising ethephon
IL119754 1996-12-04

Publications (1)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015166499A1 (en) 2014-05-01 2015-11-05 Tapazol Chemical Works Ltd. Method for breaking dormancy in deciduous trees

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3972928A (en) * 1971-11-15 1976-08-03 Baychem Corporation Regulating plant growth with quaternary phosphonium aliphatic carboxamide salts
US4337080A (en) * 1975-03-17 1982-06-29 Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. Plant growth regulants
US4779950A (en) * 1984-04-03 1988-10-25 Thomas & Betts Corporation Connection apparatus for optical fibers
US4941908A (en) * 1985-01-31 1990-07-17 Pharis R P Promotion of flowering in fruit trees
US5693592A (en) * 1995-05-23 1997-12-02 Sst Australia Pty. Ltd. Method of controlling dormancy break and blooming in perennials
US5693591A (en) * 1993-04-20 1997-12-02 Akzo Nobel N.V. Activity promoting additives for rest-breaking agents

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3972928A (en) * 1971-11-15 1976-08-03 Baychem Corporation Regulating plant growth with quaternary phosphonium aliphatic carboxamide salts
US4337080A (en) * 1975-03-17 1982-06-29 Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. Plant growth regulants
US4779950A (en) * 1984-04-03 1988-10-25 Thomas & Betts Corporation Connection apparatus for optical fibers
US4941908A (en) * 1985-01-31 1990-07-17 Pharis R P Promotion of flowering in fruit trees
US5693591A (en) * 1993-04-20 1997-12-02 Akzo Nobel N.V. Activity promoting additives for rest-breaking agents
US5693592A (en) * 1995-05-23 1997-12-02 Sst Australia Pty. Ltd. Method of controlling dormancy break and blooming in perennials

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015166499A1 (en) 2014-05-01 2015-11-05 Tapazol Chemical Works Ltd. Method for breaking dormancy in deciduous trees
US10881105B2 (en) 2014-05-01 2021-01-05 Tapazol Chemical Works Ltd. Method for breaking dormancy in deciduous trees

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IL119754A0 (en) 1997-03-18
IL119754A (en) 2001-01-11
AU5132398A (en) 1998-07-17

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