WO1998026661A1

WO1998026661A1 - Attractants for arthropods

Info

Publication number: WO1998026661A1
Application number: PCT/EP1997/006890
Authority: WO
Inventors: Karl Justus; Olaf Fleck; Günther Nentwig; Jürgen Scherkenbeck; Jürgen BOECKH; Wittko Francke; Martin Geier; Matthias Rietdorf
Original assignee: Bayer Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date: 1996-12-19
Filing date: 1997-12-10
Publication date: 1998-06-25
Also published as: AU5855198A

Abstract

The invention relates to novel attractants for arthropods which are based on lactic acid or lactic acid derivatives as agents to enhance the effect of polyalcohols, monofunctional compounds and extracts of natural substances for use in controlling arthropods. The invention further relates to control devices and agents that contain these new attractants for arthropods.

Description

Attractants for arthropods

The present invention relates to new attractants for arthropods based on lactic acid or lactic acid derivatives as an enhancer of polyalcohols, monofunctional compounds and natural product extracts for use in combating arthropods. The invention further relates to control devices and agents which contain these new attractants for arthropods.

The fight against arthropods, in particular those arthropods that are in

Households, food processing companies, canteen kitchens and hospitals, but also keeping cattle stalls is of great importance from a hygienic and aesthetic point of view. The efficiency of mechanical, biological and chemical control methods can be increased considerably by using suitable attractants such as baits to control the arthropods to be controlled. certain color arrangements, fragrances, pheromones, etc. be lured to the control devices or the arthropodicidal agents

Acree et al. [Science 161 (1968) 1346] described L-lactic acid as an attractant for the mosquito species Aedes aegypti Geier et al [Ciba Foundation Symposium, 200, Olfaction in mosquito interactions, Wiley, 1996, p 132] reported that L-lactic acid with others unknown compounds act synergistically Eiras et al [Bulletin of Entomological Research 8J_ (1991) 151] described a synergism of L-lactic acid and carbon dioxide. De Jong and Knols reported Limburger cheese extracts as attractants to attract the mosquito species Anopheles gambiae

[Acta Tropica 59 (1995) 333; Parasitology Today X2 (1996) 159] Schaerffenberg et al. [Die Naturwissenschaften 46 (1959) 457] reported the attracting properties of Blut Roessler [dissertation, University of Tubingen, 1959] reported the attracting properties of urine

Surprisingly, it has now been found that lactic acid or lactic acid derivatives act as triggers or enhancers for other compounds / mixtures or extracts. Mixtures of one or more, preferably exactly one of the compounds of the general formula (I)

in which

Ri for hydroxy, alkyloxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, optionally substituted aryloxy, optionally substituted arylamino, optionally substituted diaryloxy, halogen or cyano, preferably for hydroxy, C _j - C ₅ alkyloxy or optionally substituted phenyloxy, particularly preferably for hydroxy, methoxy , Ethoxy or phenyloxy and very particularly preferably stands for hydroxy;

R _{2 represents} hydrogen, alkyl or optionally substituted aryl, preferably hydrogen, Ci-Cs-alkyl or optionally substituted phenyl, particularly preferably hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or phenyl and very particularly preferably hydrogen;

R _{3 represents} hydrogen, alkyl or optionally substituted aryl, preferably hydrogen, C 1 -C 5 -alkyl or optionally substituted phenyl, particularly preferably hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or phenyl and very particularly preferably hydrogen;

R _{4 represents} hydrogen, alkyl or optionally substituted aryl, preferably hydrogen, C 1 -C ₅ -alkyl or optionally substituted phenyl, particularly preferably hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or phenyl and very particularly preferably methyl;

and at least one, preferably exactly one, compound of the general formula (II)

in which

R ₅ to R ₁₂ independently of one another are hydrogen, alkyl or optionally substituted aryl, preferably hydrogen, C 1 -C ₅ -alkyl or optionally substituted phenyl, particularly preferably hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or phenyl and very particularly preferably hydrogen,

m and o independently of one another represent zero or a positive integer, preferably zero or an integer from one to five, particularly preferably zero, one or two and very particularly preferably zero,

n for zero or a positive integer, preferably for zero or an integer

Number from one to five, particularly preferably represents zero or one and very particularly preferably represents one,

and / or at least one monofunctional compound of the general formula (IV)

R ₁ -R ₁₄ (IV),

in which

R1 ₃ for hydrogen or straight-chain or branched C ₁ -C ₃ -alkyl, preferably for hydrogen or straight-chain or methyl-branched C1-C ₂₀ alkyl, in particular for hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, n- Pentyl or n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl, n-tridecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-pentadecyl, n-hexadecyl and n-heptadecyl,

R ₁₄ for functional groups customary in active substance chemistry, preferably for carboxyl, alkyl carboxylate, hydroxy, hydrogen, acetoxy, acetyl, formyl,

Carbamate, carbamoyl, N-alkylcarbamoyl and N, N-dialkylcarbamoyl, particularly preferred for carboxyl

Hydroxy, acetoxy, acetyl, formyl and carbamoyl and very particularly preferably represents carboxyl,

can be used particularly advantageously in the control of arthropods

The expression “compound of the general formula (I)” also includes corresponding salts, if R 1 is hydroxy and thus a carboxylic acid, which are formed by reaction of the carboxylic acid with bases

Bases customary in active substance chemistry are used, preferably alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxides, ammonia or alkyl- and / or aryl-substituted amines, particularly preferably sodium, potassium, calcium hydroxides, ammonia, methylamine, dimethylamine or trimethylamine and very particularly preferably sodium hydroxide

The term "compound of general formula (I)" includes when R 1 is hydroxy which is the free carboxylic acid or mixtures of the carboxylic acid with its salt or more of its salts, but preferably one of its salts. The mixture of free carboxylic acid with its carboxylic acid salt if necessary, it is advantageous to mix and use the salt-binding components carboxylic acid and base, preferably amines or ammonia, in the gas phase

If in the general formula (I) R _{j is} hydroxy and a mixture of the carboxylic acid with its salt or more of its salts, but preferably one of them

Salts, is present, this mixture of the compound of general formula (I) with its salt, very particularly preferably compound 1/2, also without the Combination with a compound of general formula (II) or (IV) can be used particularly advantageously in the control of arthropods

The proportional compositions of the mixtures of the carboxylic acid with its salt or more of its salts can be varied over a wide range

Mixtures of the carboxylic acid with its salt or more of its salts preferably contain 1 to 90, particularly preferably 2 to 20 and very particularly preferably 6 to 10 percent by weight of the carboxylic acid

The terms "compound of the general formula (I)" and "compound of the general formula (II)" and "compound of the general formula (IV)" each include all stereoisomers which can be obtained by combining all possible (R) - and (S) -Configurations of the asymmetrically substituted carbon atoms, and mixtures of these isomers.

In the general formulas (I), (II) and (IV) and in the radical definitions, the radicals have the following general and preferred meanings

Unless otherwise stated, alkyl means straight-chain or branched alkyl

1 to 10 (-C-C] ₀ ), preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms (C1-C ₅ ) and particularly preferably methyl or ethyl

Aryl means all aromatic ring systems customary in active substance chemistry, including heterocycles, preferably phenyl

In the substituted aryl, preferably in the substituted phenyl, the aromatic ring system bears a substituent at at least one position and at most at all positions which can be substituted. The substituents can be the same or different from one another

Substituents are available, preferably alkyl or aryl In the formulas (I), (II) and (IV), the radicals (R 1 to R ₁₄ , m, n and o), including those stated as preferred, particularly preferred or very particularly preferred, can be combined with one another as desired.

According to the invention, preference is given to using the compounds of the general formula (I) in which there is a combination of the meanings listed above as being preferred.

According to the invention, particular preference is given to using the compounds of the general formula (I) in which there is a combination of the meanings listed above as being particularly preferred.

According to the invention, very particular preference is given to using the compounds of the general formula (I) in which there is a combination of the meanings listed above as being particularly preferred.

Compounds of the formula (I) which can be used according to the invention are, for example and very particularly preferably, the compounds of Table 1.

Table 1

According to the invention, preference is given to using the compounds of the general formula (II) in which there is a combination of the meanings listed above as being preferred.

According to the invention, particular preference is given to the compounds of the general

Formula (II) is used in which there is a combination of the meanings listed above as being particularly preferred.

According to the invention, very particular preference is given to using the compounds of the general formula (II) in which there is a combination of the meanings listed above as being particularly preferred.

Compounds of the formula (II) which can be used according to the invention are listed by way of example and very particularly preferably the compound in Table 2.

Table 2

According to the invention, preference is given to using the compounds of the general formula (IV) in which there is a combination of the meanings listed above as preferred.

According to the invention, particular preference is given to using the compounds of the general formula (IV) in which there is a combination of the meanings listed above as being particularly preferred. According to the invention, very particular preference is given to using the compounds of the general formula (IV) in which there is a combination of the meanings listed above as being particularly preferred.

Compounds of the formula (IV) which can be used according to the invention are listed by way of example and very particularly preferably the compound in Table 3.

The compounds of the general formulas (I), (II) and (IV) are known or can be obtained by generally customary processes and methods. According to the invention, mixtures of one or more, preferably exactly one, of the compounds of the general formula (I), very particularly preferably of the compounds 1/1 or 1/2, and at least one, preferably exactly one, compound of the general formula (II), very particularly preferably the connection

11/1, e.g. Mixtures A and B are used to combat arthropods.

The compositions of the mixtures according to the invention from the compounds of the general formulas (I) and (II) can be varied over a wide range. The

Mixtures contain the compounds of formula (I) preferably from 5 to 95, particularly preferably from 30 to 70 and very particularly preferably at 50 percent by weight.

The compositions of the mixtures according to the invention from the compounds of the general formulas (I) and (IV) can be varied over a wide range. The mixtures contain the compounds of the formula (I) preferably in an amount of 1.0 to 99.9999, more preferably in an amount of 5 to 99.999 and very particularly preferably in an amount of 50 to 99.99 percent by weight.

The following compositions are present in very particularly preferred mixtures of the compounds of the general formulas (I), (II) and (IV) (all figures in percentages by weight):

Mixture A:

Compound 1/1 = L-lactic acid, preferably 5 to 95%, particularly preferably 30 to 70% and very particularly preferably 50%,

mixed with

Compound 11/1 = glycerol, preferably 95 to 5%, particularly preferably 70 to 30% and very particularly preferably 50%; Mix B

Compound 1/2 L-lactic acid / Na-L-lactate, preferably 5 to 95%, particularly preferably 70 to 30% and very particularly preferably 50%,

mixed with

Compound 11/1 = Glyceπn, preferably 95 to 5%, particularly preferably 30 to 70% and very particularly preferably 50%

For mixtures with compounds of the general formula (IV) see Table 5 5

It has also surprisingly been found that mixtures of one or more, preferably exactly one, of the compounds of the general formula (I) and a cheese extract (III), or more cheese extracts, can be used particularly advantageously in combating arthropods

Instead of cheese extracts, it is also possible to use the cheese itself and all the preliminary products obtained in the case of cheese production, such as culture broths and waste products, but preferably the cheese extracts

A cheese extract can be obtained, for example, by extracting a piece of cheese with a solvent. The resulting solution and the solid that is obtained after the

Solvent remains are called cheese extract

The cheese extract can also be produced from cheese by headspace techniques, for example using a suitable apparatus by freezing or adsorbing the gaseous fragrances, but preferably by extraction with a solvent All types of cheese can be used, preferably Limburg cheese, Munster cheese, monastery cheese, Romadur, blue and white mold cheese, Mainz cheese, Brie and Camembert, particularly preferably Limburger St Mang (111/1), Allgauer Limburger (III / 2), Bavarian Limburger ( III / 3), Munsterkase St Mang (III / 4), Klosterkase St Mang (ffl / 5), Romadur St Mang (III / 6), Creme Royale (III / 7), Huttenberger

Mainzerkase (III / 8), Roi de Trefle Brie (HI / 9), Sonn Alm Camembert (111/10) and very particularly preferred Limburger St Mang (111/1), Allgauer Limburger (III / 2), Bavarian Limburger (III / 3), Klosterkase St Mang (III / 5), Romadur St Mang (III / 6), Creme Royale (III / 7), Huttenberger Mainzerkase (III / 8), Sonn Alm Camembert (111/10) (111/1 up to 111/10 mean the corresponding cheese extracts)

All solvents can be used for the extraction, preferably alcohols, particularly preferably C 1 -C ₅ -alcohols and very particularly preferably ethanol

In a very particularly preferred embodiment for the production of cheese extracts, the following exemplary method may be mentioned (cheese extract 111/1)

A 200 g piece of Limburger St Mang cheese is cut into small pieces (approx. 1 g each) and 500 ml of ethanol are added. The suspension is stirred for 4 hours at room temperature with a steel stirrer. The supernatant solution is decanted and at -30 ° C. overnight It is decanted from the precipitated solid and the solution is concentrated to 275 ml by distilling off the ethanol. This cheese extract as a solution has a solids content of approximately 20 mg / ml. If the extract is used as a solid, the solution is dried to dryness by completely distilling off the ethanol concentrated then about 6 g remain

Solid

According to the invention, mixtures of one or more, preferably exactly one, of the compounds of the general formula (I), very particularly preferably of the compounds 1/1 and 1/2, and a cheese extract or more cheese extracts, particularly preferably the cheese extracts III / 1 to 111 / 10, very particularly preferably the cheese extracts III / l to III / 2, III / 5 to III / 8 and III / l 0, are used in the control of arthropods The compositions of the mixtures according to the invention of the compounds of the general formula (I) and the cheese extracts can be varied over a wide range. The mixtures preferably contain the compounds of the general formula (I) in an amount of 1 to 90, particularly preferably 2 to 20 and very particularly preferably 1 1% by weight

The following compositions are present in very particularly preferred mixtures of the compounds of the general formulas (I) and the cheese extracts, the cheese extract III / l being exemplary for the other cheese extracts III / 2 to III / l 0 (all figures in percentages by weight)

Mixture C

Compound 1/1 = L-lactic acid, preferably 1 to 90%, particularly preferably 2 to 20% and very particularly preferably 11%,

mixed with

Cheese extract III / l = Limburger St Mang, preferably 99 to 10%, particularly preferably 98 to 80% and very particularly preferably 89%,

Mix D

Compound 1/2 L-lactic acid / Na-L-lactate, preferably 1 to 90%, particularly preferably 2 to 20% and very particularly preferably 11%,

mixed with Cheese extract III / l = Limburger St. Mang, preferably 99 to 10%, particularly preferably 98 to 80% and very particularly preferably 89%.

Instead of cheese extracts, blood extracts, urine or urine extracts can also be used.

A blood extract can preferably be prepared by the following procedure: Human blood is centrifuged for 15 min at 5000 rpm at 4 ° C. The supernatant (blood plasma) is extracted with the same volume of ethanol. The ethanolic

Phase is concentrated to 1/10 of its volume on a rotary evaporator. This solution is called Blood Extract-M.

The compositions of the mixtures according to the invention from the compounds of the general formula (I) and the blood extracts can be varied over a wide range. The mixtures contain the compounds of the general formula (I) preferably in an amount of 50 to 0.0001, particularly preferably in an amount of 1 to 0.01 and very particularly preferably in an amount of 0.25 percent by weight.

In very particularly preferred mixtures of the compounds of the general

Formula (I) and the blood extracts have the following compositions (all figures in percent by weight):

Mixture BE:

Compound 1/2 = L-lactic acid / Na-L-lactate, preferably to 5.0 to 0.0001%, particularly preferably to 1 to 0.01% and very particularly preferably to 0.25%,

mixed with

Blood extract-M is preferably 50 to 99.9999%, particularly preferably 99 to 99.99% and very particularly preferably 99.75%. A urine extract can preferably be produced by the following method: Human urine is evaporated to dryness in a rotary evaporator. The residue is dissolved in the initial volume of methanol in an ultrasonic bath. This solution is called urine extract-M.

The compositions of the mixtures according to the invention of the compounds of the general formula (I) and the urine or the urine extracts can be varied over a wide range. The mixtures contain the compounds of the general formula (I) preferably in an amount of 50 to 0.001, particularly preferably in an amount of 10 to

0, 1 and most preferably 5 percent by weight.

The following compositions are present in very particularly preferred mixtures of the compounds of the general formula (I) and the urine or the urine extracts (all figures in percentages by weight):

Mix U:

Compound 1/2 = L-lactic acid / Na-L-lactate, preferably 50 to 0.001%, particularly preferably 10 to 0.1% and very particularly preferably 5%,

mixed with

Urine extract-M preferably 50 to 99.999%, particularly preferably 90 to "

99.9% and very particularly preferably 95%.

It has also surprisingly been found that mixtures of one or more, preferably exactly one, of the compounds of the general formula (I) (very particularly preferably of the compounds 1/1 or 1/2), and at least one, preferably exactly one, Compound of the general formula (II), (very particularly preferably of the compound 11/1), and / or a cheese extract or more cheese extracts, (particularly preferably the cheese extracts III / l to III / l 0, very particularly preferably the cheese extracts III / l to III / 3, III / 5 to III / 8 and III / l 0), and / or one or more compounds of the general formula (IV), can be used very advantageously in combating arthropods, where it may be advantageous to mix the components in the gas phase

If several compounds of the formula (IV) are used, an increase in activity can optionally be observed compared to the use of only one carboxylic acid

The compositions of the mixtures according to the invention from the compounds of the general formulas (I) and (II) and / or (IV) and / or the cheese extracts (III) can be varied over a wide range. The mixtures preferably contain the components in the ratios as described for the respective mixtures of the compounds of the general formula (II) or (IV), the cheese extracts (III) with the compounds of the general formula (I) has been described

The following compositions are present in very particularly preferred mixtures of the compounds of the general formulas (I), (II) and the cheese extracts, wherein the cheese extract III / l is exemplary for the other cheese extracts III / 2 to III / l 0 (all data in weight percent) '

Mix E

Compound 1/1 = L-lactic acid

and

Compound 11/1 = glycerin,

together preferably 1 to 90, particularly preferably 2 to 40 and very particularly preferably 20 percent by weight, the weight ratio of the compounds 1/1 and II / l in these mixtures preferably 5 to 95%, particularly preferably 70 to 30% and completely is particularly preferably 50%, 17 -

mixed with

Cheese extract III / l Limburger St. Mang, preferably 99 to 10%, particularly preferably 98 to 60% and very particularly preferably 80%,

Mix F

Compound 1/2 = L-lactic acid / Na-L-lactate

and

Compound 11/1 glycerol,

together preferably 1 to 90, particularly preferably 2 to 40 and very particularly preferably 20 percent by weight, the weight ratio of the

Compounds 1/2 and 11/1 in these mixtures are preferably 5 to 95%, particularly preferably 70 to 30% and very particularly preferably 50%,

mixed with

Cheese extract III / l = Limburger St Mang, preferably 99 to 10%, particularly preferably 98 to 60% and very particularly preferably 80%,

The object of the present invention is to improve the control of arthropods by means of increased attracting action. This increased attracting action can be achieved according to the invention by combining or mixtures of lactic acid or lactic acid derivatives, each with one or more elements from the group of substances of the compounds of the general formula (II) , the cheese extracts (III) or blood extracts / urine / urine extracts, the compounds of the general formula (IV) and / or the salt-forming bases

The mixtures according to the invention for combating arthropods have kairo-like attracting effects compared to arthropods and are suitable for attracting the arthropods to specific locations and / or for prolonging the length of stay at these locations, where they are combated by mechanical, biological and / or chemical means can be. The compounds of the general formulas (I), (II) and (IV) according to the invention and the cheese extracts or blood extract Te / urine / urine extracts are stable and easily accessible by synthesis or the process described above and are very suitable in the mixtures according to the invention for combating arthropods

The mixtures according to the invention can be used with good success for attracting harmful or heavy blood-sucking arthropods, in particular insects and ticks

The blood-sucking insects essentially include the mosquitoes (e.g. Aedes aegypti, Aedes vexans, Culex pipiens Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex tarsalis,

Anopheles albimanus, Anopheles stephensi, Anopheles gambiae, Mansonia titillans), butterfly gnats (e.g. Phlebotomus papatasii), gnats (e.g. Culicoides f rens), black gnats (e.g. Simulium damnosum), sting flies (e.g. Stomoxina calcitrans) (glossy eg morsitans morsitans), brakes (e.g. Tabanus nigrovittatus, Haematopota pluvialis, Chrysops caecutiens), bugs (e.g. Cimex lectularius, Rhodnius prolixus, Triatoma infestans), lice (e.g. Pediculus humanis, Haematopinus suis, Damalina ovisex irr, fleas (e.g. Pulitus Xenopsylla cheopis, Ctenocephalides canis, Ctenocephalides felis) and sand fleas (Dermatophilus penetrans)

The other blood-sucking arthropods essentially include the ticks, for example Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes scapularis, Argas reflexus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Ornithodorus moubata, Boophilius icroplus and Amblyomma hebraeum

The mixtures according to the invention are preferably used against blood-sucking Diptera, especially Nematocera and very particularly preferably against Culicidae

They can be used in mechanical control methods, for example and preferably in adhesive devices or in combination with arthropodicides and / or biological agents

In the case of mechanical processes, the mixtures according to the invention can be applied to a suitable substrate, for example provided with glue, for example by brushing, spraying, Impregnate, print, be applied, optionally together with other effective agents, such as attracting colors and / or warmth and / or moisture

The same applies to documents treated with arthropodicides

The mixtures according to the invention are preferably incorporated into adhesive traps for controlling arthropods, the mixtures either being mixed with the insect trapping glue, but preferably being applied to the glue and very particularly preferably to an absorbent base (for example filter paper strips) which is then applied to the glue This is on a suitable one

Base, preferably made of cardboard material, which is provided with a color which enhances the attracting effect, particularly preferably dark tones, very particularly preferably black

The shape is either flat (catchment surface) or tubular (catchpipes), in which case the glue is on the outside and / or inside

To increase the attractiveness, the trapping area, preferably the trap, can be attached vertically above a system that generates heat and moisture, e.g. a heatable water reservoir, very particularly preferably a long-term insecticide vaporizer, in which the insecticide-containing liquid formulation was replaced by water

The mixtures according to the invention can also be in a form in which they are released over a longer period of time (slow release formulations)

For this purpose, commercially available pheromone dispensers can be used, or they are incorporated into polymer material, paraffins, waxes, etc. or are microencapsulated

The mixtures according to the invention can also be used in other trap systems, for example electrical traps with high-voltage grids or suction traps, the mixtures according to the invention being applied either on inert carrier material (for example cardboard, filter paper) or as slow release formulations in the trap Instead of the insect trapping glue, the trapping surface can also be treated with a contact arthropodicide, which is sprayed on or impregnated or printed on, for example

Another application of the mixtures according to the invention is their incorporation into textiles (for example curtains, tent sheets) which are additionally treated with one or more contact arthropodicides. Blood-sucking Diptera (for example mosquitoes) can thus be attracted to these locations to an increased extent

Furthermore, the mixtures according to the invention can be used in spray formulations which are applied using conventional equipment

All application forms can be combined with other chemical attractants (e.g. carbon dioxide, 1,3-octenol, phenols and their mixtures)

All known substances can be used as arthropodicides, depending on the indication, since there is no undesired interaction between the arthropodicidal agents and the mixtures according to the invention

The following classes of substances are preferably suitable: phosphoric acid esters, carbamates, natural pyrethanes, synthetic pyrethroids, nitroamino, nitromethylene, cyanoamino, cyanomethylene compounds, pyrrohdo-2,4-dionone derivatives, pyrazolinedine derivatives azadirachtine, annonine and / or ryanodine, avermectins and related structures

Arthropodicides which can be used according to the invention are, for example and very particularly preferably, the compounds of Table 4 Table 4

In particular, cyfluthrin and betacyfluthrin should be mentioned

The mixtures according to the invention for combating arthropods can, in combination with one or more arthropodicides, be converted into customary formulations, depending on their respective physical and / or chemical properties, such as solutions, emulsions, suspensions, powders, foams, pastes, granules, aerosols, active ingredients. impregnated natural and synthetic substances as well as very fine encapsulation in polymeric substances These formulations are prepared in a known manner, for example by mixing the active ingredients with auxiliaries and / or extenders, that is to say liquid solvents and / or solid carriers, if appropriate using surface-active agents, that is to say emulsifiers and / or dispersants and / or foam-producing agents

Means. If water is used as an extender, e.g. organic solvents can also be used as auxiliary solvents. The following are essentially suitable as liquid solvents: aromatics such as xylene, toluene or alkyl naphthalene, chlorinated aromatics of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as chlorobenzenes, chlorethylenes or methylene chloride, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane or paraffins, e.g. Petroleum fractions, alcohols such as butanol or glycol and their ethers and esters, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone, strongly polar solvents such as dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide and water.

The following may be mentioned as solid carriers: e.g. natural stone powder such as kaolins, clay, talc, chalk quartz, attapuligite, montmorillonite or diatomaceous earth and synthetic stone powder such as highly disperse silica, aluminum oxide and silicates. The following are suitable as solid carriers for granules: e.g. broken and fractionated natural rocks such as calcite, marble, pumice, sepiolite, dolomite, as well as synthetic granules from inorganic and organic flours as well as granules from organic material such as e.g. Sawdust, coconut shells, corn cobs and tobacco stalks.

Possible emulsifying and / or foaming agents are: e.g. non-ionogenic and anionic emulsifiers such as polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers, e.g. Alkylaryl polyglycol ethers, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, aryl sulfonates, and protein hydrolyzates.

Possible dispersing agents are, for example, lignin sulfite waste liquor and methyl cellulose. Adhesives such as carboxymethyl cellulose, natural and synthetic powdery, granular or latex-shaped polymers such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate as well as natural phosphopides such as cephalins and lecithins and synthetic phospholipids can be used in the formulations

Other additives can be, for example, mineral and vegetable oils

In addition, inorganic pigments, e.g. iron oxide, titanium oxide, ferrocyan blue and organic dyes, e.g. alizarin, azo and metal phthalocyanine dyes, can be used

The formulations preferably contain 0.001 to 15, in particular 0.01 to 5 percent by weight of the mixtures according to the invention and preferably between 0.1 and 95, in particular 0.5 and 90 percent by weight of arthropodicidal substances

The biological effectiveness of the mixtures according to the invention for combating arthropods will be explained using the following examples

Example A

Attracting the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti in a Y-olfactometer

Female stinging mosquitoes are used, which are located in cages measuring 50 x 30 x 20 cm and lured into one of the olfactometer doses for the test by hand

The lighting is from 4 a.m. to 4 p.m. (neon light), the temperature is between 24 and 26 ° C

A mosquito can with approx. 20 mosquitoes is attached to the left of the olfactometer (gauze closed), as can be seen from FIG

Mixtures are previously placed in solution (ethanol or methanol, possibly with a small amount of water) on the inner wall of the glass tube.After the solvent has evaporated, the mixture remains as a solid and the glass tube is added to the heating element.After connecting an air hose (air flow 2.8 1 / min) the muck can is opened after 45 seconds

Muck cans closed, the heating element removed and the mosquitoes in the cans paid

The effect is calculated using the following formula

(No. in T box) - (No. in K box) x 100 total number

+ 100 means highest attractiveness (all mosquitoes in a T-can), -100 strongest repellency (all mosquitoes outside the T-can) After the test, the mosquitoes are lured back into the left-hand can by reversing the flow of air, and the next test (heating element on the other stimulus chamber) is carried out after the olfactometer has been idle for 5 minutes

The experiments listed in Tables 5 1 to 5 5 were carried out using the method described above

Tables 5 1 to 5 4 each show related test series, the results are directly comparable with one another. In Table 5 5, each mixture was tested in each case in comparison with mixture I / 2- (8/92)

The tests listed in Table 6 were carried out using a somewhat modified method. The compounds were placed in a vessel through which an air flow led, which was then passed into the olfactometer. To prepare mixtures, the compounds were each individually in different

Vessels were placed and the respective gas streams were mixed before being introduced into the olfactometer. Some compounds were previously dissolved in water. The mixtures were tested in each case in comparison to L-lactic acid.

4-16 test elements are created and after the test the

Average calculated

98/26661

32

Table 5.1

-33 -

Table 5.2

Table 5.3

Table 5.4

Table 5.5

Table 6

98/2

36-

Table 6 - continued

Example B

Effect of trap systems against the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti in rooms

Female stinging mosquitoes are used, which are in cages measuring 50 x 30 x 20 cm and are lured into one of the olfactometer doses for testing by hand

A room (2.6 x 5.6 m) is set up as indicated in Figure 2

The optical targets represent additional stimuli that distract from the trap and simulate a furnished room

They consist of 6 cardboards (2 black, 2 dark red, 2 light red), which are in the form of a prism (80 cm long, 30 cm wide, 90 ° angle) vertically at a height of 1 m

Floor attached to the long walls of the room in the middle, as well as 2 light red cardboard cylinders (right and left in the middle of the room) and a dark red one in the rear area

There is lighting from 4 a.m. to 4 p.m. (neon light), the temperature is 24-26 ° C

The olfactometer can is emptied through the door behind the curtain located there and the number of stuck mosquitoes is determined after 15 ', 30' and 1 hour

4 test elements are created and the mean value is calculated after the end of the test

5 cm wide and 60 cm long black glue strips were used as traps, which were provided with insect trapping glue on both sides.The mixtures according to the invention were applied in an ethanolic solution before the start of the experiment by means of a pipette.The traps were attached by means of a thread hanging from the middle of the ceiling, so that the lower end was 1.75 m above the ground 38

Claims

claims

1. Agent comprising at least one compound of the general formula (I)

in which

R _{] represents} hydroxy, alkyloxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, optionally substituted aryloxy, optionally substituted arylamino, optionally substituted diaryioxy, halogen or cyano;

R _{2 represents} hydrogen, alkyl or optionally substituted aryl;

R _{3 represents} hydrogen, alkyl or optionally substituted aryl;

R represents hydrogen, alkyl or optionally substituted aryl;

and one or more of the following components a), b), c) or d):

a) a salt or salts of one of the compound (s) of the general _. Formula (I)

and or

b) one or more compounds of the general formula (II)

in which

R ₅ to R _{2 are} independently hydrogen, alkyl or optionally substituted aryl;

m and o are independently zero or a positive integer;

n represents zero or a positive integer;

and or

c) one or more cheese extracts, blood extracts / urine or urine extracts

and or

d) one or more monofunctional compounds of the general formula (IV)

R ₁₃ -R ₁₄

in which

R _{13 represents} hydrogen or straight-chain or branched C ₁ -C ₃₀ alkyl,

R _{1 stands} for functional groups customary in materials chemistry. Agent according to claim 1, comprising at least one compound of general formula (I), in which

R _{j represents} hydroxy, C _] -C ₅ alkoxy or optionally substituted phenyloxy,

R _{2 represents} hydrogen, Cj-C ₅ alkyl or optionally substituted phenyl,

R represents hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₅ alkyl or optionally substituted phenyl,

R _{4 represents} hydrogen, -CC ₅ alkyl or optionally substituted phenyl,

and one or more of the following components a), b), c) or d) -

a) one or more salts of a compound (s) of the general formula (I)

and or

b) one or more compounds of the general formula (II)

in which

R ₅ to R _{2 is} hydrogen, C 1 -C ₅ -alkyl or optionally substituted phenyl,

m and o stand for zero or an integer from one to five,

n stands for zero or an integer from one to five, and / or at least one monofunctional compound of the general formula (IV),

in which

R _{3 represents} hydrogen or straight-chain or methyl-branched C _r C ₂₀ alkyl,

R ₁₄ for carboxyl, alkyl carboxylates, hydroxy, hydrogen, acetoxy,

Acetyl, forinyl, carbamate, carbamoyl, N-alkylcarbamoyl and N, N-dialkylcarbamoyl.

3. Composition according to claim 1, containing at least one compound of general formula (I), in which

R _{j represents} hydroxy, methoxy, ethoxy or phenyloxy,

R ₂ , R ₃ and R are the same or different and each represents hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or phenyl,

and / or one or more of components a), b), c) or d)

a) one or more salts of a compound (s) of the general formula (I)

and or

b) one or more compounds of the general formula (II)

in which

R ₅ to R _{2 represents} hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or phenyl, m and o independently of one another represent zero, one or two,

n represents zero or or one,

and / or at least one monofunctional compound of the general formula (IV) in which

R _{13 is} hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, n-pentyl or n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl, n-Tπdecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-pentadecyl, n -Hexadecyl and n-heptadecyl stands and

R ₁₄ for carboxyl, C] -C alkyl carboxylate. Hydroxy, acetoxy, acetyl, formyl and carbamoyl

Agent according to claim 1, containing L-lactic acid and Na-L-lactate and optionally further components from b), c) and d)

Agent according to claim 1, containing L-lactic acid, Na-L-lactate and

Glyceπn

Agent according to claim 1, containing L-lactic acid, Na-L-lactate and

Cheese extract, blood extract, urine and / or urine extract.

Agent according to claim 1, containing L-lactic acid, Glyceπn and cheese extract and Na-L-lactate

Agent according to claim 1, containing L-lactic acid and cheese extract

Agent according to claim 1, containing lactic acid, Na-L-lactate and compounds of formula (IV) Agent according to claim 1, containing L-lactic acid, Na-L-lactate, glycerol and compounds of the formula (IV)

Agent according to claim 1, containing L-lactic acid, compounds of formula (IV) and ammonia

Agent according to claim 1, containing L-lactic acid, Na lactate, compounds of formula (IV) and ammonia.

Use of the agent according to claims 1 to 12 as attractants for

Arthropods.

Devices for combating arthropods, characterized by the content of an agent according to claims 1 to 12.

A method of combating arthropods, characterized in that arthropods are lured to devices with means according to claims 1 to 12, so that the arthropods can subsequently be removed on or on the devices.