WO1998018265A1

WO1998018265A1 - Signal formats

Info

Publication number: WO1998018265A1
Application number: PCT/JP1997/003776
Authority: WO
Inventors: Akihiro Hori
Original assignee: Nippon Television Network Co., Ltd.
Priority date: 1996-10-18
Filing date: 1997-10-20
Publication date: 1998-04-30

Abstract

A first signal format characterized by having 480 effective scanning lines and 864 effective horizontal picture elements; a second signal format characterized by having 480 effective scanning lines and 848 effective horizontal picture elements; a third signal format characterized by having 576 effective scanning lines and 1.024 effective horizontal picture elements.

Description

Signal damage Technical format

The present invention relates to a signal format and conversion technique for an image signal, and more particularly to a signal format and conversion technique for a television signal. Background art

In recent years, the scanning method is shifting from the in-line lace method to the sequential scanning method due to the demand for high image quality. As a typical digital interface of the progressive scanning method, 525 progressive scanning (hereinafter referred to as 525p) is performed by sampling a luminance signal of an analog signal at a frequency of 27 MHz and converting a color difference signal. 13.5 Sampling at 5.5 MHz 4: 2: 2p method and sampling the luminance signal of a 52.5 progressive scanning analog signal at a frequency of 27 MHz to obtain a color difference signal 6.

Sampling at 75 MHz is known as the 4: 2: 0p method. In the 4: 2: 2p method and 4: 2: Op method described above, the number of effective scanning lines is four.

80 lines, the number of effective horizontal pixels is 720 pixels. When broadcasting this, the number of effective scanning lines is 480 lines, the number of effective horizontal pixels is 720 pixels, and the aspect ratio is Is 16: 9.

On the other hand, with the rise of computers in recent years, images are often processed by computers. By the way, since image data has a huge data amount, it is usually compression-coded when an image is digitized and transmitted or recorded on a recording medium such as a CD-ROM / hard disk. Among the compression coding methods, a coding method based on DCT, which performs compression using the property that the spatial frequency of an image is concentrated at a low frequency, is used relatively frequently. Have been used. It is also used in international standards such as JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) and MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group).

Figures 10 to 15 show the hierarchy of the code format conforming to MPEG. The code of M PEG has several hierarchical structures as shown in FIG. The top layer is the video sequence shown in Fig. 10, and is composed of multiple GOPs (Group Of Pictures).

The GOP is composed of multiple pictures as shown in Fig. 11. One picture indicates one image. There are three types of pictures: I pictures, which are intra-frame codes, P pictures, which are inter-frame codes only in the forward direction, and B pictures, which are inter-frame codes between both front and rear frames.

A picture is composed of a plurality of slices divided into arbitrary areas as shown in Figs. A slice consists of multiple macroblocks arranged in left-to-right or top-to-bottom order.

As shown in Figs. 14 and 15, the macro block divides the 16 x 16 dot block into 8 x 8 dot blocks and divides the luminance components (Y1, Y2, Y3, Y3). It consists of 4) and 6 blocks of chrominance components (Cb, Cr) of an 8x8 dot block in the area that matches the luminance component.

Therefore, it is assumed that the picture is divided into blocks of 16 X 16 dots.

By the way, as described above, the 525p broadcast has 480 effective scanning lines, 720 effective pixels, and an aspect ratio of 16: 9. Therefore, the shape of each pixel is not square (square), and the image signal of the 525p broadcast could not be easily processed by a computer. Because when processing images on a computer, for example, When rotating, if the shape of each pixel is not square, the rotated image will have a different shape from the original image.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to convert an image signal, which can easily perform image processing by a computer and also easily compress data, in particular, a signal format of a television signal, and a conventional image signal into the image signal. It is to provide technology. Disclosure of the invention

An object of the present invention is attained by a signal format of an image signal, wherein the number of effective scanning lines is 480 and the number of effective horizontal pixels is 864. Is done.

Also, an object of the present invention is a signal format of an image signal, in which the aspect ratio is 16: 9, the number of effective scanning lines is 480, and the number of effective horizontal pixels is 864. This is achieved by the signal format of the image signal, which is characterized in that the number of image signals is individual.

Because, in this signal format, the shape of each pixel is almost square, and the number of pixels in the vertical and horizontal directions is a multiple of 16, so it is possible to use the JPEG or JG compression coding method as it is.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for converting the format of an image signal, wherein the sampling rate of the luminance data in a 4: 2: 2p or 4: 2: 0p image signal is increased by 65 times. This is achieved by a format conversion method of an image signal, characterized in that the image signal is converted into a progressively scanned image signal having an effective horizontal pixel number of 864 pixels. In the case of 4: 2: 2p or 4: 2: 0p image signals, the number of effective horizontal pixels must be changed to 864 pixels simply by converting the luminance data sampling rate to 6 to 5 times. Can be done. Normally, the number of effective horizontal pixels and the number of horizontal samplings of luminance data match, but do not match the number of horizontal samplings of color difference data. Therefore, in the present invention, it is sufficient that the number of horizontal samplings of the luminance data is at least 864, and the number of horizontal samplings of the chrominance data is generally set to 864Z integers. The most common value is 8 6 4 2.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for converting the format of a 4: 2: 2p or 4: 2: Op image signal, and comprising a 4: 2: 2p method and a 4: 2: 0p method. Format conversion of an image signal characterized by having means for converting the sample rate of the luminance data in the image signal of the original image to 65 times and converting the image signal into an image signal having an effective horizontal pixel number of 864 pixels. Achieved by equipment.

It is another object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for converting the format of a 4: 2: 2p or 4: 2: Op image signal, and comprising a 4: 2: 2p or 4: 2: 0p system. Means for generating a first clock signal having a frequency six times as high as the sampling frequency of the luminance data in the image signal; inserting zero data into the luminance data based on the first clock signal; Means for applying a filter, first frequency dividing means for dividing the first clock signal by five, and zero-de-zeroing based on the clock signal divided by the first frequency dividing means. Means for thinning out the extracted luminance data, means for generating a second clock signal having a frequency six times the sampling frequency of the color difference data in the 4: 2: 2p system or 4: 2: Op system, Zero-difference in color difference data based on the second clock signal Means for applying a low-pass filter, a second frequency dividing means for dividing the second clock signal by five, and a clock signal divided by the second frequency dividing means. Means for thinning out the chrominance data into which zero data has been inserted based on zero data. The object of the present invention is attained by a signal format of an image signal, which is a signal format of an image signal, wherein the number of effective scanning lines is 480 and the number of effective horizontal pixels is 848. Is done.

Another object of the present invention is a signal format of an image signal, in which an aspect ratio is 16: 9, the number of effective scanning lines is 480, and the number of effective horizontal pixels is 848. This is achieved by the signal format of the image signal, which is characterized in that the number is one.

Because, in this signal format, the shape of each pixel is almost square, and the number of pixels in the vertical and horizontal directions is a multiple of 16, so it is possible to use the compression encoding method of JPEG or MPEG as it is.

An object of the present invention is a method of converting the format of an image signal, wherein the sampling rate of luminance data in a 4: 2: 2p or 4: 2: 0p image signal is increased by a factor of 53/45. This is achieved by a format conversion method of an image signal, characterized in that the image signal is converted into a progressively scanned image signal having an effective number of horizontal pixels of 848 pixels.

In the case of 4: 2: 2p or 4: 2: 0p image signals, the number of effective horizontal pixels is 848 pixels simply by converting the sampling rate of the luminance data overnight to 53/4. Can be changed to

Normally, the number of effective horizontal pixels matches the number of horizontal samplings of luminance data, but does not match the number of horizontal samplings of color difference data. Therefore, in the present invention, it is sufficient that the number of horizontal samplings of the luminance data is at least 848, and the number of horizontal samplings of the chrominance data is generally set to an integer of 848. The most common value is 8 4 8 2.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a device for converting the format of a 4: 2: 2p or 4: 2: Op image signal, wherein the device converts a 4: 2: 2p or 4: 2: 0 image signal. The sampling rate of the luminance data in the p-type image signal is set to 53/4 This is achieved by an image signal format converter characterized by having means for converting the image signal into an image signal having an effective horizontal pixel count of 848 pixels by converting the image signal into a 5-fold image signal.

Also, an object of the present invention is an apparatus for converting the format of a 4: 2: 2 ρ or 4: 2: Op image signal, and comprising a 4: 2: 2p or 4: 2: 0p system. Means for generating a first clock signal having a frequency 53 times the sampling frequency of the luminance data in the image signal, and inserting zero data into the luminance data based on the first clock signal; Means for applying a single pass fill, a first frequency dividing means for dividing the first clock signal by 45, and zero data based on the clock signal divided by the first frequency dividing means. Means for thinning out the inserted luminance data, and a second clock signal having a frequency 53 times the sampling frequency of the color difference data in the 4: 2: 2p method or 4: 2: Op method is generated. Means, and color difference data based on the second clock signal. Means for inserting a zero-de-zero signal and applying a low-pass filter, second frequency dividing means for dividing the second clock signal by 45, and clock signal divided by the second frequency dividing means. Means for thinning out the color difference data into which zero data has been inserted based on the data.

An object of the present invention is a signal format of an image signal, wherein the number of effective scanning lines is 576 and the number of effective horizontal pixels is 104. Achieved by

Another object of the present invention is a signal format of an image signal, in which an aspect ratio is 16: 9, the number of effective scanning lines is 5776, and the number of effective horizontal pixels is 102. This is achieved by the signal format of the image signal characterized by four.

Because this signal format is that each pixel is square, Since the number of pixels in the vertical and horizontal directions is a multiple of 16, the compression coding method of JPEG or MPEG can be used as it is.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a signal format of an image signal, in which the number of effective scanning lines per field is 576 and the number of horizontal effective pixels is 720. This is achieved by a format conversion method of an image signal, which is characterized by converting an overnight sampling rate to 64/45 times and converting it into a progressive scanning image signal having an effective number of horizontal pixels of 104 pixels. You.

If the number of effective scanning lines per field is 576 and the number of horizontal effective pixels is 720, the sampling rate of the luminance data is converted to 64/4/45. The number of effective horizontal pixels can be changed to 102 4 pixels only by using. Normally, the number of effective horizontal pixels matches the number of horizontal samplings of luminance data, but does not match the number of horizontal samplings of chrominance data. Therefore, in the present invention, it is sufficient that the number of horizontal samplings of the luminance data is at least 102, and the number of horizontal samplings of the chrominance data is generally set to 102 4 Z integers. It is. The most common value is 102 4 4 2.

An object of the present invention is an apparatus for converting a signal format of an image signal, wherein the number of effective scanning lines per field is 576 and the number of horizontal effective pixels is 720. An image characterized in that it has means for converting the sampling rate of the luminance data in the progressive scanning image signal to 64/45 times and converting it into a progressive scanning image signal having an effective horizontal pixel number of 104 pixels. This is achieved by a signal format converter.

Another object of the present invention is an apparatus for converting the format of a progressively scanned image signal in which the number of effective scanning lines per field is 576 and the number of horizontal effective pixels is 720. , Of the luminance data in the progressive scanning image signal Means for generating a first clock signal having a frequency 64 times the sampling frequency, and inserting zero data into the luminance data of the progressively scanned image signal based on the first clock signal; Means for setting an evening, first frequency dividing means for dividing the first clock signal by 45, and zero data inserted based on the clock signal divided by the first frequency dividing means. Means for thinning out luminance data; means for generating a second clock signal having a frequency 64 times the sampling frequency of the color difference data in the progressively scanned image signal; and means for generating a second clock signal based on the second clock signal. Means for inserting zero data into the color difference data and applying a one-pass filter; a second frequency dividing means for dividing the second clock signal by 45; and a second frequency dividing means. Clock circulated Based on the item, zero data is performed reaches the converter, characterized in that it comprises a means for decimating the Isseki inserted chrominance de. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a first signal format, and FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a converter for converting a 4: 2: 2p signal into a first signal format. 3 is a block diagram of a converter for converting a 4: 2: Op signal into a first signal format, and FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a second signal format. FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a converter for converting a 4: 2: 2p signal into a second signal format, and FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a 4: 2: Op signal converted into a second signal format. FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a converter for conversion, FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining a third signal format, and FIG. 8 is a diagram for converting a 4: 2: 2p signal into a third signal format. FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a conversion device, and FIG. 9 converts a 4: 2: Op signal into a third signal format. It is a block diagram of a converter, FIG. FIGS. 10 to 15 are diagrams for explaining the prior art. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

First, the first signal format of the present invention will be described.

In the first signal format of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, on a screen having an aspect ratio of 16: 9, the number of effective scanning lines is 480, and the number of effective horizontal pixels is 864. It is characterized by the following.

When the aspect ratio is 16: 9, the number of effective scanning lines in the conventional progressive scanning method is 480. In order to obtain a square pixel without changing the number of effective scanning lines, it is sufficient that the number of pixels satisfies the following equation.

Number of pixels = 1 6 9 X 4 8 0 = 8 5 3 .3

Therefore, if the number of horizontal effective pixels is set to about 853, each pixel becomes a square pixel, and image processing on a computer can be easily performed.

By the way, when recording and transmitting this image data, the data amount of the image becomes enormous in an uncompressed state, and data compression is indispensable.

However, when JPEG or MPEG described above is used, one block of the discrete cosine transform (DCT) is 8 pixels x 8 pixels, and the color difference information is generally a sample point of half the luminance, so the number of pixels is small. It is more convenient if it is a multiple of 16.

Therefore, in order to obtain a pixel close to a square, the number of horizontal effective pixels is set to 864 pixels which is a multiple of 16 which is close to about 853.

As a result, image processing by a computer can be easily performed, and image compression techniques such as JPEG and MPEG can be used.

Next, a description will be given of an apparatus for converting a 4: 2: 2p signal into the first signal format of the present invention.

The 4: 2: 2p method is a digital interface, and the 8: 4: 4 video data sampled at a sampling frequency of 27 MHz and a chrominance signal of 13.5 MHz is output for each line. A line extracted in the form of a race is used as a set of in-line race data.Lines that are complementary to the extracted line are separated as separate interlace data, and then extended twice on the time axis. However, it is interfaced with two bit streams with the same data structure as the digital component signal of the 52.5-in-race signal of 13.5 MHz sampling. Accordingly, 4: 2: sampling frequency of the luminance data Y 2 p method is a 2 7 MH z, color difference data C _B, sampling frequency of C _R is 1 3. 5 MH z.

Therefore, the luminance data Y and color difference data c _B, was changed to 6 Bruno 5 times the sampling Ngure one bets C _R, and converts the number of effective horizontal pixels to the 8 6 4.

Hereinafter, a device for converting a 4: 2: 2p signal into the first signal format will be described with reference to FIG.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the present conversion device.

21 is a separation circuit. The separation circuit 21 separates the 4: 2: 2p data into luminance data Y, color difference data CB, and color difference data CR.

Reference numeral 22 denotes a first PLL circuit, which generates a clock signal of 16 MHz at six times the frequency synchronized with 27 MHz which is the sampling frequency of the luminance data Y.

2 3 is a second PLL circuit to generate a clock signal of the color difference data C is sampling frequency of the _B 1 3. 5 MH of six times the frequency synchronized with the z 8 1 MH z.

Reference numeral 24 _denotes a third PLL circuit, which generates an 81 MHz clock signal having a frequency six times as high as 13.5 MHz, which is a sampling frequency of the color difference data CR. Reference numeral 25 denotes a first interpolation filter circuit. The interpolation filter circuit 25 inserts five 0 data between the luminance data Y of each pixel based on the 16 MHz clock signal from the PLL circuit 22. Then, harmonic components generated by the insertion are removed. Furthermore, the internal filter circuit 25 provides a gain of 6 times since the level is lowered by inserting 0.

Reference numeral 26 denotes a second interpolation / filter circuit. The Uchi揷Bruno filter circuit 2 6 based on the clock signal of 8 1 MH z from the PLL circuit 2 3, to insert five zero data between the color difference data C _B of each pixel. Then, harmonic components generated by the insertion are removed. Further, the level of the interpolated nofill evening circuit 26 is reduced by the insertion of 0, so that the gain is 6 times higher.

27 is a third interpolation / filling circuit. The interpolation / fill evening circuit 2 7 based on the clock signal of 8 1 MH z from the PLL circuit 2 4 to 5揷入0 data between color Sade Isseki C _R of each pixel. Then, harmonic components generated by the insertion are removed. Furthermore, the level of the interpolation filter circuit 27 is reduced by inserting 0, so that a gain of 6 times is given.

Reference numeral 28 denotes a first frequency dividing circuit. The frequency divider circuit 28 receives the 16-MHz clock signal from the filter circuit 22 and divides the 16-MHz clock signal by 5 to 32.4 MHz. To generate a clock signal.

Reference numeral 29 denotes a second frequency dividing circuit. The frequency divider circuit 29 receives the 81 MHz clock signal from the filter circuit 23 and divides the 81 MHz clock signal by 5 to generate a 16.2 MHz clock signal. I do.

30 is a second frequency dividing circuit. The frequency divider circuit 30 receives the 81 MHz clock signal from the PLL circuit 24 and receives the 81 MHz clock signal. Divide the signal by 5 to generate a 16.2 MHz clock signal.

31 is a first thinning circuit. The thinning circuit 31 thins out the interpolated luminance data Y based on the 32.4 MHz clock signal from the frequency dividing circuit 28. Then, it outputs data with 864 horizontal effective pixels.

32 is a second thinning circuit. The decimation circuit 3 2, based on the clock signal of 1 6. 2 MH z from the frequency dividing circuit 2 9, decimating the interpolated chrominance de Isseki C _B. Then, the data having the number of horizontal effective pixels of 864 Z2 is output.

33 is a third thinning circuit. The decimation circuit 3 3 on the basis of the clock signal of 1 6. 2 MH z from the frequency dividing 3 0, decimating the interpolated chrominance de one evening C _R. Then, data with the number of horizontal effective pixels of 864 Z2 is output.

3 4 is a digital compression encoder, horizontal effective pixels 8 6 4 Brightness data Y and the number of horizontal effective pixels is 8 6 4 Z 2 pieces of color difference data C _B, and horizontal effective pixel number 8 6 4 Input two color difference data C _R and digitally compress.

Next, an apparatus for converting a 4: 2: Op signal into the first signal format will be described.

In the 4: 2: Op format, only the color difference signal of the 8: 4: 4 format video data described above is passed through the vertical low-pass filter and then thinned out in an interlaced manner in the vertical direction. It is an overnight system. Therefore, the luminance signal has progressive scan data of 27 MHz sampling, and the color difference signal has data of 6.75 MHz sampling.

Therefore, the above-mentioned 4: 2: Op converter PLL circuit 23 and the shim circuit 24 of the converter are the sampling frequency of the color difference data. It is sufficient to generate a clock signal of 40.5 MHz synchronized with 5 MHz.

Hereinafter, the operation will be described with reference to FIG.

4: 2: Data O p type is input to a separation circuit 2 1, is separated into luminance data Y, color Sade Isseki C _B and color difference data C _R.

Then, the luminance data Y is interpolated by the interpolation filter circuit 25 based on the 16 MHz clock signal generated by the PLL circuit 22, and the harmonic components are removed. In other words, the luminance data Y has been converted to data whose number of pixels is 6 times.

Also, color difference data C _B, based on the clock signal of 4 0. 5 MH z generated by the PLL circuit 2 3, to the interpolated by the interpolation Z filter circuit 2 6 co, harmonic components are removed You. That is, the color difference data C _B would pixel number is converted to 6 times the data. Similarly, color Sade Isseki C _R, based on a clock signal of 4 0. 5 MH z generated by the PLL circuit 2 4, together with the interpolated by the interpolation / fill evening circuit 2 7, harmonic components Removed. In other words, the color difference data CR has been converted into data with six times the number of pixels.

On the other hand, the 16 MHz clock signal generated by the PLL circuit 22 is frequency-divided by 5 by the frequency dividing circuit 28. Then, a 32.4 MHz clock signal is generated.

The 40.5 MHz clock signal generated by the PLL circuit 23 and the PLL circuit 24 is frequency-divided by 5 by the frequency dividing circuit 29 and the frequency dividing circuit 29. Then, a clock signal of 8.1 MHz is generated.

The interpolated luminance data Y is decimated by the decimation circuit 31 at 32.4 MHz samples. That is, 5 pixels are thinned out every 6 pixels, and 864 samples of luminance data are output. Further, the interpolated color difference data C _B is the decimation circuit 3 2 is thinned by 8. 1 MH z samples. That is, 5 pixels are thinned out for every 6 pixels. Similarly, the interpolated color difference data C _R is the decimation circuit 3 3, is thinned at 8. 1 MH z samples. That is, 5 pixels are thinned out for every 6 pixels. Then, as the color difference data, data of 864 2 samples is output.

Then, the digital compression encoder 34 digitally compresses the 864 sample luminance data and the 864/2 sample color difference data.

The example of FIG. 2, for clarity of description in the example of FIG. 3, Y, is provided a PLL circuit for each C _B and C _R, in practice may be a single PLL circuit 2 2, 2 Then, it is possible to divide the frequency by 1/2, and in the example of FIG. 3, divide the frequency by 1/4 to obtain clocks of 81 1 and 40.5 MHz, respectively.

Next, a second signal format of the present invention will be described.

As shown in Fig. 4, the second signal format is characterized in that the number of effective scanning lines is 480 and the number of effective horizontal pixels is 848 on a screen with an aspect ratio of 16: 9. And

The number of effective scanning lines in the conventional progressive scanning method with an aspect ratio of 16: 9 is 480. In order to obtain a square pixel without changing the number of effective scanning lines, it is sufficient that the number of pixels satisfies the following equation.

Number of pixels = 1 6 9 X 4 8 0 = 8 5 3.3

However, when JPEG or MPEG described above is used, one block of discrete cosine transform (DCT) is 8 pixels x 8 pixels, and color difference information is generally used. It is more convenient for the number of pixels to be a multiple of 16 so that the sampling point is half of the luminance.

Therefore, in order to obtain a pixel close to a square, the number of horizontal effective pixels is set to 848 pixels, which is a multiple of 16 which is close to about 853.

As a result, image processing on a computer can be easily performed, and image compression techniques such as JPEG and MPEG can be used.

Next, an apparatus for converting a 4: 2: 2p signal into a second signal format will be described.

The 4: 2: 2p method is a digital interface, in which the luminance signal of the 525p analog signal is sampled at a sampling frequency of 27 MHz and the color difference signal is sampled at 13.5 MHz. 4: The video data of the 4 format is extracted in the form of an interlace for each line, and is used as a set of interlace data. The lines that are complementary to the extracted lines are set to another interlace. After splitting the video stream, it is doubled on the time axis, and two bit streams, each of which has the same data structure as the 5.25-interlaced digital component signal of 13.5 MHz sampling It interfaces with. Accordingly, 4: 2: sampling frequency of the luminance data Y 2 p method is a 2 7 MH z, sampling frequency of color difference data C _B and C _R is 1 3. 5 MH z.

Therefore, the luminance data Y and color difference data C _B, by changing the sampling Ngure Bok of C _R 5 3 4 5 times, converts the number of effective horizontal pixels to the 8 4 8. Hereinafter, an apparatus for converting a 4: 2: 2p signal into the signal format of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the present conversion device.

51 is a separation circuit. The separating circuit 5 1 4: 2: Day evening 2 p type, separated into luminance data Y, color difference data C _B and color Sade Isseki C _R. Reference numeral 52 denotes a first PLL circuit, which generates a clock signal of 1.431 GHz having a frequency 53 times higher than that of 27 MHz which is a sampling frequency of the luminance data Y.

5 3 is a second PLL circuit to generate a clock signal of the color difference data C is sampling frequency of the _B 1 3. 5 MH 5 3 times the frequency synchronized with the z 7 1 5. 5 MH z .

Reference numeral 54 _denotes a third PLL circuit, which generates a clock signal of 53.5 times the frequency of 5 3 times synchronized with 13.5 MHz, which is the sampling frequency of the color difference data CR. .

55 is a first internal filter circuit. The Z filter circuit 55 inserts 52 zero data between the luminance data Y of each pixel based on the 1.431 GHz clock signal from the PLL circuit 52. Then, harmonic components generated by the insertion are removed. Further, the level of the internal filter circuit 55 is reduced by inputting 0, and therefore, a gain of 53 times is given.

Reference numeral 56 denotes a second interpolation filter circuit. The interpolation / fill evening circuit 5 6, PLL circuit 5 3 force, on the basis of 7 1 5. 5 MH z clock signal et, 5 two inserts 0 data between the color difference data C _B of each pixel I do. Then, harmonic components generated by the insertion are removed. Furthermore, the level of the interpolation / filling circuit 56 is reduced by inserting 0, so that a gain of 53 times is given.

Reference numeral 57 denotes a third interpolation / filter circuit. The interpolation Nofiru evening circuit 5 7, based on the 7 1 5. 5 MH z clock signal from the PLL circuit 5 4, 5 two揷入0 data between the color difference data C _R of each pixel. Then, harmonic components generated by the insertion are removed. Furthermore, since the level of the interpolation filter circuit 57 is lowered by inserting 0, it is 53 times higher. Is gained.

58 is a first frequency dividing circuit. This divider circuit 5 8 is? Input the 1.431 GHz clock signal from the circuit 52 and divide this 1.431 GHz clock signal by 45 to generate a 31.8 MHz clock signal. .

Reference numeral 59 denotes a second frequency dividing circuit. The frequency divider circuit 59 inputs the clock signal of 75.5 MHz of the PLL circuit 53, and divides the clock signal of 75.5 MHz by 45 to divide the frequency by 45. Generate a 9 MHz clock signal.

60 is a second frequency dividing circuit. The frequency divider 60 receives the 75.5 MHz clock signal from the PLL circuit 54, and divides the 75.5 MHz clock signal by 45 to 15.9 Generates MHz clock signal.

6 1 is a first thinning circuit. The thinning circuit 61 thins out the interpolated luminance data Y based on the 31.8 MHz clock signal from the frequency dividing circuit 58. Then, it outputs the data with the number of horizontal effective pixels of 848.

62 is a second thinning circuit. The decimating circuit 6 2 based on the clock signal of 1 5. 9 MH z from the frequency dividing circuit 5 9, decimating the interpolated chrominance de Isseki C _B. Then, it outputs the data with the number of horizontal effective pixels of 8482.

63 is a third thinning circuit. The decimation circuit 6 3, based on the clock signal of 1 5. 9 MH z from the frequency dividing circuit 6 0, decimating the interpolated chrominance de Isseki C _R. Then, it outputs the data with the number of horizontal effective pixels of 8482.

Reference numeral 6 4 denotes a digital compression encoder which has 8 4 8 horizontal effective pixels. Input the degree data Y, the color difference data CB with 2 horizontal effective pixels of 848Z and the color difference data CR with 848 2 horizontal effective pixels, and perform digital compression.

Next, an apparatus for converting a 4: 2: Op signal into a second signal format will be described.

In the 4: 2: Op format, only the color difference signals of the 8: 4: 4 format described above are passed through the vertical low-pass filter and then interlaced one by one in the vertical direction. This is a thinned data method. Therefore, the luminance signal has progressive scan data of 27 MHz sampling, and the color difference signal has data of 6.75 MHz sampling.

Therefore, the PLL circuit 53 of the converter in the 4: 2: Op method described above and? Then, the circuit 54 may generate a clock signal of 35.775 MHz synchronized with the sampling frequency of color difference data of 6.75 MHz.

Hereinafter, the operation will be described with reference to FIG.

4: 2: 0 p type data is input to a separation circuit 2 1, luminance de Isseki Y, is separated into color difference data C _B, and color difference data C _R.

Then, based on the 1.431 GHz clock signal generated by the PLL circuit 52, the luminance data Y is interpolated by the interpolation Z filter circuit 55 to remove harmonic components. . In other words, the luminance data Y is converted to data with 53 times the number of pixels.

Also, color difference data C _B, based on the clock signal of 3 5 7. 7 5 MH z generated by the PLL circuit 5 3, together with the interpolated by Uchi揷Bruno filter circuit 5 6, the harmonic component is removed You. In other words, the color difference data C _B is converted to a data whose number of pixels is 53 times larger. Similarly, the color difference data _CR is applied to the 35.7.75 MHz clock signal generated by the PLL circuit 54. Based on this, the interpolation is performed by the interpolation filter circuit 57, and the harmonic components are removed. That is, the chrominance data _CR is converted into data having 53 times the number of pixels.

On the other hand, the 1.431 GHz clock signal generated by the PLL circuit 52 is frequency-divided by 45 by the frequency dividing circuit 58. Then, a clock signal of 31.8 MHz is generated.

The 35.775 MHz clock signal generated by the PLL circuit 53 and the PLL circuit 54 is frequency-divided by 45 by the frequency dividing circuit 59 and the frequency dividing circuit 60. Then, a clock signal of 7.95 MHz is generated.

The interpolated luminance data Y is decimated by the decimation circuit 61 at 31.8 MHz samples. That is, 45 pixels are thinned out for 53 pixels, and 8488 samples of luminance data are output.

Further, the interpolated color difference data C _B is the decimation circuit 6 2, is thinned at 7. 9 5 MH z samples. That is, 45 pixels are thinned out for 53 pixels. Similarly, the interpolated color difference data C _R is the decimation circuit 6 3 are thinned at 7. 9 5 MH z samples. That is, 45 pixels are thinned out for 53 pixels. Then, as the color difference data, data of 8482 samples is output.

Then, the digital compression encoder 64 digitally compresses 8488 samples of luminance data and 8488Z 2 samples of color difference data.

Incidentally, FIG. 5, for clarity of description in the example of FIG. 6, Y, is provided a PLL circuit for each C _B and C _R,. Actually PLL circuit may be a one, in the example of FIG. 5 In the example of FIG. 6, it is possible to obtain clocks of 1.431 GHz and 75.5 MHz, respectively, by dividing by 1 Z 2 and in the example of FIG.

Next, a third signal format of the present invention will be described.

The third signal format has an aspect ratio of 16: 6, as shown in Figure 7. The screen 9 is characterized in that the number of effective scanning lines is 576 and the number of effective horizontal pixels is 104.

The digital component coding of the progressive scanning method adopted by the PAL and SECAM methods is considered to be the 4: 2: 2p (625) method and the 4: 2: Op (625) method. The number of effective scanning lines is 576, the number of effective horizontal images is 720, and the aspect ratio is 16: 9.

In order to obtain a square pixel without changing the number of effective scanning lines, it is sufficient that the number of pixels satisfies the following equation.

Number of pixels = 1 6/9 X 5 7 6 = 1 0 2 4

In addition, when recording and transmitting image data, the amount of image data in an uncompressed state is enormous, and data compression is indispensable. When JPEG or MPEG is used, discrete cosine transform (DCT ) Is 8 pixels x 8 pixels, and the color difference information is generally a sample point of half the luminance, so it is more convenient if the number of pixels is a multiple of 16 4 is a multiple of 16

Therefore, if the number of horizontal effective pixels is set to 1024, each pixel becomes a square pixel, image processing on a computer can be easily performed, and image compression techniques such as JPEG and MPEG can be used. .

Next, an apparatus for converting a signal of the 4: 2: 2p (625) system into the signal format of the present invention will be described.

The 4: 2: 2p (625) method is a digital interface, and the luminance signal of a 625p analog signal has a sampling frequency of 27 MHz and a chrominance signal in the same way as the 525p method. 8: 4: 4 format video data sampled at 13.5 MHz extracted in interlace form for each line as a set of interlaced data, complementary to the extracted lines After splitting the line at It expands by a factor of two and interfaces with two bit streams, each with the same data structure as the 62.5-inch digital component signal of 13.5 MHz sampling.

Accordingly, 4: 2: 2 p ( 6 2 5) sampling frequency of the luminance data Y method is a 2 7 MH z, sampling frequency of color difference data C _B and C _R is 1 3. 5 MH z is there.

Therefore, sampling Ngure luminance data Y, and chrominance Data C _B and C _R - Change Bok to 6 4/4 5 times, that converts the number of effective horizontal pixels 1 0 2 4.

Hereinafter, an apparatus for converting a signal of the 4: 2: 2p (625) method into the signal format of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram of the present conversion device.

8 1 is a separation circuit. The separating circuit 8 1 4: 2: data of 2 p (6 2 5) system is separated into luminance data Y, color difference data C _beta and color difference data C _R.

Reference numeral 82 denotes a first PLL circuit, which generates a clock signal of 1.728 GHz having a frequency 64 times synchronized with 27 MHz which is a sampling frequency of the luminance data Y.

8 3 is a second PLL circuit to generate a clock signal of the color difference data C is sampling frequency of the _B 1 3. 5 MH 6 four times the frequency synchronized with the z 8 6 4 MH z.

Reference numeral 84 _denotes a third PLL circuit, which outputs a clock signal of 864 MHz having a frequency 64 times synchronized with 13.5 MHz, which is a sampling frequency of the color difference data CR. Generate.

Reference numeral 85 denotes a first interpolation filter circuit. This interpolation Z filter circuit 85 is based on the 1.728 GHz clock signal from the PLL circuit 82. Then, 63 pieces of 0 data are inserted between the luminance data Y of each pixel. Then, harmonic components generated by the insertion are removed. Further, the level of the interpolation / filling circuit 85 is reduced by inserting 0, so that the gain is 64 times higher.

Reference numeral 86 denotes a second interpolation filter circuit. Among them, the Phil evening circuit 8

6, based on the clock signal of 8 6 4 MH z from the PLL circuit 8 3 to 6 three揷入0 data between the color difference data C _B of each pixel. Then, harmonic components generated by the insertion are removed. Further, the level of the interpolation / filling circuit 86 is lowered by inserting 0, so that a gain of 64 times is given.

Reference numeral 87 denotes a third internal filter circuit. The inner揷filter circuit 8 7 on the basis of the clock signal of 8 6 4 MH z from the PLL circuit 8 4, insert 6 3 0 data between the color difference data C _R of each pixel. Then, harmonic components generated by the insertion are removed. Further, the level of the interpolation / filling circuit 87 is reduced by inserting 0, so that a gain of 64 times is given.

Reference numeral 8 denotes a first frequency dividing circuit. This frequency divider circuit 8? Input the 1.728 GHz clock signal from the circuit 82 and divide the 1.728 GHz clock signal by 45 to generate a 38.4 MHz clock signal .

Reference numeral 89 denotes a second frequency dividing circuit. The frequency divider circuit 89 receives the 864 MHz clock signal from the PLL circuit 83 and divides the 864 MHz clock signal by 45 to 19.2 MHz. To generate a clock signal.

90 is a second frequency dividing circuit. The frequency divider circuit 90 receives the 864 MHz clock signal from the PLL circuit 84, divides the 8664 MHz clock signal by 45, and outputs 19.2 MHz. To generate a clock signal. 9 1 is a first thinning circuit. The thinning circuit 91 thins out the interpolated luminance data Y based on the 38.4 MHz clock signal from the frequency dividing circuit 28. Then, it outputs a data whose horizontal effective pixel number is 104.

9 2 is a second thinning circuit. The thinning-out circuit 9 2 based on the clock signal of 1 9. 2 MH z from the frequency dividing circuit 8 9, decimating the interpolated chrominance de Isseki C _B. Then, it outputs the data with the number of horizontal effective pixels of 102 4 2.

93 is a third thinning circuit. The thinning-out circuit 9 3 based on the clock signal of 1 9. 2 MH z from the frequency dividing circuit 9 0, the interpolated chrominance de - evening decimating the C _R. Then, it outputs the data with the number of horizontal effective pixels of 102 4 2.

3 4 is a digital compression encoder, and the horizontal effective pixels is 1 0 2 four luminance data Y, and the horizontal effective pixel number 1 0 2 4 Z 2 pieces of color difference data C _B及beauty number of horizontal valid pixels 1 0 2 4 enter the two the color difference data C _R, to digital compression.

Next, a device for converting a signal of the 4: 2: 0 p (625) system into the third signal format will be described.

The 4: 2: Op (625) method is based on the above-described 8: 4: 4 video signal. After passing only the color difference signal of the video signal through a vertical low-pass filter, the image data is input one by one in the vertical direction. This is a data method thinned out in a race pattern. Accordingly, the luminance signal has a sequential scanning data of 27 MHz sampling, and the color difference signal has data of 6.75 MHz sampling.

Therefore, the PLL circuit 83 and the PLL circuit 84 of the converter in the 4: 2: 0 p (625) method described above are synchronized with the 6.75 MHz which is the sampling frequency of the color difference data. Generate a 2 MHz clock signal What should I do?

Hereinafter, the operation will be described with reference to FIG.

4: 2: O p (6 2 5) method of the data is input to a separation circuit 81, Brightness data Y, is separated into color Sade Isseki C _B and C _R.

Then, the luminance data Y is interpolated by the interpolation / filling circuit 85 based on the 1.728 GHz clock signal generated by the PLL circuit 82 to remove a harmonic component. That is, the luminance data Y is converted to data having 64 times the number of pixels.

The color Sade Isseki C _B, based on a clock signal of 4 3 2 MH z generated by the PLL circuit 8 3, together with the interpolated by the interpolation / fill evening circuit 8 6, the harmonic component is removed You. That is, the color difference data C _B would pixel number is converted to 6 4 times the data. Similarly, color Sade Isseki C _R, based on a clock signal of 4 3 2 MH z generated by the PLL circuit 8 4, together with the interpolated by inner揷Bruno filter circuit 8 7, the harmonic component is removed You. Ie, color difference data C _R would pixel number is converted to 6 4 times the data.

On the other hand, the 1.728 GHz clock signal generated by the PLL circuit 82 is divided by 45 by the divider circuit 88. Then, a clock signal of 38.4 MHz is generated.

The 43 MHz clock signal generated by the PLL circuit 83 and the PLL circuit 84 is frequency-divided by 45 by the frequency dividing circuit 89 and the frequency dividing circuit 90. Then, a clock signal of 9.6 MHz is generated.

The interpolated luminance data Y is thinned out by the thinning circuit 91 at 38. 4 MHz samples. That is, 64 luminance data are thinned out to 45 luminance data, and luminance data of 102 4 samples is output. Further, Isseki C _B interpolated color Sade, due thinning circuit 9 2, is thinned at 9. 6 MH z samples. In other words, 64 color difference data are thinned out to 45 color difference data. Similarly, the interpolated color difference data C _R is the decimation circuit 9 3, is thinned at 9. 6 MH z samples. That is, forty-four color difference data are thinned out to 45 color difference data overnight. Then, as the color difference data, a data of 102/4/2 samples is output.

Then, the digital compression encoder 94 digitally compresses the luminance data of 102 4 samples and the color difference data of 102 4 2 samples. to facilitate, Y, is provided a PLL circuit for each C _B and C _R, in practice may be a single PLL circuit 82, the peripheral 1 2 minutes in the example of FIG. 8, in the example of FIG. 9 1 / It is possible to divide the frequency by 4 to obtain clocks of 864 MHz and 432 MHz, respectively.

Industrial applicability

In the first signal format of the present invention, since each pixel is square at an aspect ratio of 16: 9, image processing by a computer can be easily performed. Also, since the number of pixels in the vertical and horizontal directions is a multiple of 16, it is suitable for compression of data such as JPEG and MPEG. Furthermore, when converting a 4: 2: 2p system signal or a 4: 2: 0p system signal into the signal format of the present invention, conversion is performed with a simple configuration without using a complicated rate converter. I can do it.

In the second signal format, when the aspect ratio is 16: 9, each pixel is square, so that computer image processing can be easily performed. Also, since the number of pixels in the horizontal and vertical directions is a multiple of 16, it is suitable for data compression of JPEG, MPEG, etc. Furthermore, when converting a signal of the 4: 2: 2p system or the 4: 2: 0p system into the signal format of the present invention, the conversion can be performed with a simple configuration without using a complicated rate converter. Can be done. In the third signal format, when the aspect ratio is 16: 9, each pixel is square, so that image processing on a computer can be easily performed. Also, since the number of pixels in the horizontal and vertical directions is a multiple of 16, it is suitable for data compression of JPEG, MPEG, etc. Furthermore, when a 4: 2: 2p (625) system or 4: 2: Op (625) system signal, which will be standardized in the future, is to be converted to the signal format of the present invention. In addition, conversion can be performed with a simple configuration without using a complicated rate converter.

Claims

The scope of the claims

1. The signal format of the image signal,

A signal format of an image signal characterized by having 480 effective scanning lines and 864 effective horizontal pixels.

2. The signal format of the image signal,

A signal format of an image signal characterized in that the aspect ratio is 16: 9, the number of effective scanning lines is 480, and the number of effective horizontal pixels is 864.

3. The signal format of the image signal,

4. A method of converting the format of an image signal,

Brightness data of 4: 2: 2p format or 4: 2: 0p format image signal is converted to 6/5 times the sampling rate of the evening image, and converted to a progressively scanned image signal with an effective horizontal pixel count of 864 pixels. A format conversion method for an image signal, which comprises converting.

5. A device for converting the format of 4: 2: 2p or 4: 2: Op image signal,

Converts the sampling rate of the luminance data in the 4: 2: 2p or 4: 2: 0p image signal to 6/5 times, and converts it into a progressively scanned image signal with an effective horizontal pixel count of 864 pixels. What is claimed is: 1. An image signal format converter, comprising: means for converting.

6. A device for converting the format of a 4: 2: 2p or 4: 2: Op image signal,

4: 2: 2p or 4: 2: Op brightness data of the image signal Means for generating a first clock signal having a frequency six times the sampling frequency;

Means for inserting zero data into the luminance data based on the first clock signal and applying a mouth-to-pass fill;

First frequency dividing means for dividing the first clock signal by 5;

Means for thinning out the luminance data into which zero data has been inserted, based on the clock signal divided by the first frequency dividing means;

Means for generating a second clock signal having a frequency six times higher than the sampling frequency of the color difference data in the 4: 2: 2p system or the 4: 2: Op system;

Means for inserting zero data into the color difference data based on the second clock signal and applying a one-pass fill;

Second frequency dividing means for dividing the second clock signal by 5;

Means for thinning out the color difference data into which zero data has been inserted, based on the clock signal divided by the second frequency dividing means;

A conversion device comprising:

7. The signal format of the image signal,

A signal format of an image signal characterized in that the number of effective scanning lines is 480 and the number of effective horizontal pixels is 848.

8. The signal format of the image signal,

A signal format of an image signal characterized in that the aspect ratio is 16: 9, the number of effective scanning lines is 480, and the number of effective horizontal pixels is 848.

9. The signal format of the image signal,

A signal format of an image signal characterized in that the aspect ratio is 16: 9, the number of effective scanning lines is 480, and the number of effective horizontal pixels is 848. One mat.

10 0. A method of converting the format of an image signal,

The luminance sampling rate of the 4: 2: 2p or 4: 2: 0P image signal is converted to 5 3/4 5 times and the number of effective horizontal pixels is 8

48. A format conversion method for an image signal, which converts the image signal into a progressively scanned image signal of eight pixels.

11.4: 2: 2p or 4: 2: Op device for converting the format of an image signal,

Luminance data in 4: 2: 2p or 4: 2: 0p image signals The sampling rate in the evening is converted to 5 3/4 times, and the number of effective horizontal pixels is 848 pixels. A format conversion apparatus for image signals, comprising means for converting the image signal into a format.

12.4: 2: 2p or 4: 2: Op is a device for converting the format of an image signal,

Means for generating a first clock signal having a frequency 53 times the sampling frequency of the luminance data in the image signal of the 4: 2: 2p or 4: 2: 0p method;

Means for inserting zero data into the luminance data based on the first clock signal and applying a one-pass filter;

First frequency dividing means for dividing the first clock signal by 45,

Means for thinning out luminance data into which zero data has been inserted, based on the clock signal divided by the first frequency dividing means;

Means for generating a second clock signal having a frequency 53 times higher than the sampling frequency of the color difference in the 4: 2: 2p system or the 4: 2: Op system;

Means for inserting zero data into the color difference data based on the second clock signal and applying a one-pass fill; Second frequency dividing means for dividing the second clock signal by 45; and thinning out the color difference data into which zero data has been inserted, based on the clock signal divided by the second frequency dividing means. Means

A conversion device comprising:

1 3. The signal format of the image signal,

A signal format of an image signal, wherein the number of effective scanning lines is 576 and the number of effective horizontal pixels is 104.

1 4. The signal format of the image signal,

A signal format of an image signal characterized in that the aspect ratio is 16: 9, the number of effective scanning lines is 576, and the number of effective horizontal pixels is 104.

1 5. The signal format of the image signal,

A signal format of an image signal characterized in that the aspect ratio is 16: 9, the number of effective scanning lines is 576, and the number of effective horizontal pixels is 104. G.

1 6. The signal format of the image signal,

The sampling rate of luminance data in a progressively scanned image signal in which the number of effective scanning lines per field is 576 and the number of horizontal effective pixels is 720 is converted to 644 times, and the effective horizontal pixels A format conversion method for an image signal, wherein the method converts the image signal into a progressively scanned image signal having 104 pixels.

17. A device for converting the signal format of an image signal,

The sampling rate of luminance data in a progressively scanned image signal in which the number of effective scanning lines per field is 576 and the number of horizontal effective pixels is 720 is converted to 64 to 45 times, and the effective horizontal Number of pixels 10 2 4 pixels An image signal format converter, comprising: means for converting a scanned image signal.

18. A device for converting the format of a progressively scanned image signal in which the number of effective scanning lines per field is 576 and the number of horizontal effective pixels is 720,

Means for generating a first clock signal having a frequency 64 times a sampling frequency of luminance data in the progressive scanning image signal;

Means for inserting zero data into the luminance data of the progressive scan image signal based on the first clock signal,

First frequency dividing means for dividing the first clock signal by 45,

Means for thinning out the luminance data in which the zero data is inserted, based on the clock signal divided by the first frequency dividing means;

Means for generating a second clock signal having a frequency 64 times the sampling frequency of the color difference data in the progressive scanning image signal;

Means for inserting zero data into the color difference data based on the second clock signal and applying a mouth-to-face fill;

Second frequency dividing means for dividing the second clock signal by 45,

A conversion device comprising: