WO1998015140A1 - Systeme de radiocommunication bidirectionnel - Google Patents

Systeme de radiocommunication bidirectionnel Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998015140A1
WO1998015140A1 PCT/US1997/012604 US9712604W WO9815140A1 WO 1998015140 A1 WO1998015140 A1 WO 1998015140A1 US 9712604 W US9712604 W US 9712604W WO 9815140 A1 WO9815140 A1 WO 9815140A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
acknowledgment
transceiver
message
sending
receiving
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1997/012604
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jheroen P. Dorenbosch
Samir A. Sawaya
Original Assignee
Motorola Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Motorola Inc. filed Critical Motorola Inc.
Publication of WO1998015140A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998015140A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/022—One-way selective calling networks, e.g. wide area paging
    • H04W84/025—One-way selective calling networks, e.g. wide area paging with acknowledge back capability
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
    • H04L1/1803—Stop-and-wait protocols
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L2001/125—Arrangements for preventing errors in the return channel

Definitions

  • This invention relates in general to radio communication systems, and more specifically to a method and apparatus for controlling transmissions in a two-way radio communication system.
  • the method and apparatus will operate in a manner that improves transmission efficiency compared to prior art systems.
  • An aspect of the present invention is a method for controlling transmissions in a two-way radio communication system.
  • the method comprises in a sending transceiver the steps of sending a message to a receiving transceiver, awaiting an acknowledgment of the message from the receiving transceiver within a predetermined time after sending the message, and transmitting a command to the receiving transceiver to request a repeat transmission of the acknowledgment when the acknowledgment has not been received by the sending transceiver within the predetermined time.
  • the sending transceiver comprises a transmitter for sending a message to a receiving transceiver, a receiver for awaiting an acknowledgment of the message from the receiving transceiver within a predetermined time after sending the message, and a processing system coupled to the transmitter and coupled to the receiver for controlling the transmitter to transmit a command to the receiving transceiver to request a repeat transmission of the acknowledgment when the acknowledgment has not been received by the receiver of the sending transceiver within the predetermined time.
  • the receiving transceiver comprises a receiver for receiving a command from a sending transceiver requesting a repeat transmission of an acknowledgment to a message, a transmitter for transmitting the acknowledgment, and a processing system coupled to the receiver and coupled to the transmitter for controlling the transmitter to repeat a transmission of the acknowledgment in response to receiving the command, when the processing system has a record of having sent the acknowledgment.
  • FIG. 1 is an electrical block diagram of a two-way radio communication system in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an electrical block diagram of portions of a controller and a base station in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is an electrical block diagram of a portable transceiver in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a timing diagram of a communication protocol in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a timing diagram depicting operation of a prior art two- way radio communication system.
  • FIG. 6 is a timing diagram depicting operation of the two-way radio communication system in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a flow chart depicting operation of a sending transceiver in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a flow chart depicting operation of a receiving transceiver in accordance with the present invention.
  • an electrical block diagram of a radio communication system in accordance with the present invention comprises a fixed portion 102 including a controller 112 and a plurality of base stations 116, and a portable portion including a plurality of portable transceivers 122 having acknowledge-back capability.
  • the base stations 116 are used for communicating with the portable transceivers 122 utilizing conventional radio frequency (RF) techniques, and are coupled by communication links 114 to the controller 112, which controls the base stations 116.
  • the hardware of the controller 112 is preferably a combination of the Wireless Messaging Gateway (WMGTM) Administrator! paging terminal, and the RF-Conductor!TM message distributor manufactured by Motorola, Inc.
  • the hardware of the base stations 116 is preferably a combination of the Nucleus® Orchestra! transmitter and RF-Audience!TM receiver manufactured by Motorola, Inc. It will be appreciated that other similar hardware can be utilized as well for the controller 112 and the base stations 116.
  • Each of the base stations 116 transmits RF signals to the portable transceivers 122 via a transceiver antenna 118.
  • the base stations 116 each receive RF signals from the plurality of portable transceivers 122 via the transceiver antenna 118.
  • the RF signals transmitted by the base stations 116 to the portable transceivers 122 (outbound messages) comprise selective call addresses identifying the portable transceivers 122, and data or voice messages originated by a caller.
  • the RF signals transmitted by transmitters in the portable transceivers 122 to the base stations 116 (inbound messages) comprise acknowledgments that include positive acknowledgments (ACKs), negative acknowledgments (NAKs), and unscheduled messages.
  • ACKs positive acknowledgments
  • NAKs negative acknowledgments
  • unscheduled messages An embodiment of an acknowledge-back messaging system is described in U.S. Patent No. 4,875,038 issued October 17, 1989 to Siwiak et al, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
  • the controller 112 preferably is coupled by telephone links 101 to a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 110 for receiving selective call message originations therefrom.
  • PSTN public switched telephone network
  • Selective call originations comprising voice and data messages from the PSTN 110 can be generated, for example, from a conventional telephone 111 coupled to the PSTN 110.
  • PSTN public switched telephone network
  • other types of communication networks e.g., packet switched networks and local area networks, can be utilized as well for transporting originated messages to the controller 112.
  • the protocol utilized for outbound and inbound messages is preferably similar to Motorola's well-known FLEXTM family of digital selective call signaling protocols. These protocols utilize well-known error detection and error correction techniques and are therefore tolerant to bit errors occurring during transmission, provided that the bit errors are not too numerous in any one code word. It will be appreciated that other similar two-way protocols can be used as well.
  • FIG. 2 is an electrical block diagram 200 of portions of the controller 112 and the base station 116 in accordance with the present invention.
  • the controller 112 includes a processing system 210, a transmitter interface 204, a receiver interface 205, and a network interface 218.
  • the base station 116 includes a base transmitter 206 and, preferably, at least one base receiver 207.
  • a transceiver 225 For brevity within the instant application several naming conventions have been adopted. More specifically, the base transmitter 206, the base receiver 207, their respective interfaces 204, 205, and the processing system 210 grouped together are referred to as a transceiver 225.
  • a majority of the instant application will disclose operation of the present invention as the invention applies to outbound messages and acknowledgments thereto.
  • the transceiver 225 is defined as a sending transceiver, and the portable transceiver 122 is defined as a receiving transceiver. It will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill that the invention as claimed also can be applied to inbound messages and acknowledgments thereto.
  • the portable transceiver 122 is redefined to be the sending transceiver, and the transceiver 225 is redefined to be the receiving transceiver.
  • the processing system 210 is used for directing operations of the controller 112.
  • the processing system 210 preferably is coupled through the transmitter interface 204 to the base transmitter 206 via the communication link 114.
  • the processing system 210 preferably also is coupled through the receiver interface 205 to the base receiver 207 via the communication link 114.
  • the communication link 114 utilizes, for example, conventional means such as a direct wire line (telephone) link, a data communication link, or any number of radio frequency links, such as a radio frequency (RF) transceiver link, a microwave transceiver link, or a satellite link, just to mention a few.
  • the processing system 210 is also coupled to the network interface 218 for accepting outbound messages originated by callers communicating via the PSTN 110 through the telephone links 101.
  • the processing system 210 preferably includes a conventional computer system 212, and a conventional mass storage medium 214.
  • the mass storage medium 214 is programmed to include, for example, a subscriber database 220, comprising subscriber user information such as addressing and programming options of the portable transceivers 122.
  • the conventional computer system 212 is preferably programmed by way of software included in the conventional mass storage medium 214 for performing the operations and features required in accordance with the present invention.
  • the conventional computer system 212 preferably comprises a plurality of processors such as VME SparcTM processors manufactured by Sun Microsystems, Inc. These processors include memory such as dynamic random access memory (DRAM), which serves as a temporary memory storage device for program execution, and scratch pad processing such as, for example, storing and queuing messages originated by callers using the PSTN 110, processing acknowledgments received from the portable transceivers 122, and protocol processing of messages destined for the portable transceivers 122.
  • the mass storage medium 214 is preferably a conventional hard disk mass storage device.
  • the processing system 210 controls the transmitter 206 to transmit a command to the receiving portable transceiver 122 to request a repeat transmission of the acknowledgment.
  • the processing system 210 can send explicit information with the command to identify the acknowledgment, or the acknowledgment can be identified implicitly in a predetermined manner. Examples of explicit information include (1) a time and reason for the acknowledgment, and (2) a serial number of the message that is missing the acknowledgment.
  • An example of an implicit identification is for the portable transceiver 122 to respond with the last acknowledgment sent— provided the last acknowledgment is not more than a predetermined number of minutes, e.g., four minutes, old.
  • FIG. 3 is an electrical block diagram of the portable transceiver 122 in accordance with the present invention.
  • the portable transceiver 122 comprises a transmitter antenna 302 for transmitting radio frequency (RF) signals to the base stations 116, and a receiver antenna 305 for intercepting RF signals from the base stations 116.
  • the transmitter antenna 302 is coupled to a conventional RF transmitter 304.
  • the receiver antenna 305 is coupled to a conventional RF receiver 306. It will be appreciated that, alternatively, the receiver 306 and transmitter 304 can be coupled to a single transceiver antenna, which transmits and intercepts RF signals to and from the base stations 116.
  • Radio signals received by the RF receiver 306 produce demodulated information at the output.
  • the demodulated information is coupled to the input of a processing system 310 for directing operations of the portable transceiver 122, and for processing outbound messages.
  • inbound messages are processed by the processing system 310 and delivered to the RF transmitter 304 for transmission to the base stations 116.
  • the processing system 310 includes a microprocessor 316, and a memory 318.
  • the microprocessor 316 is, for example, embodied by the M68HC08 micro-controller manufactured by Motorola, Inc.
  • the memory 318 preferably includes a conventional read-only memory (ROM) and a conventional random-access memory (RAM).
  • the microprocessor 316 is programmed by way of a message processing element 325 in the memory 318 to process a received outbound message element, wherein the message element is defined to be either an entire message or a portion of a message, depending upon the message type and length.
  • the processing system 310 creates and formats inbound acknowledgments, such as positive and negative acknowledgments (ACKs and NAKs), to the message.
  • ACKs and NAKs positive and negative acknowledgments
  • the processing system 310 samples the demodulated signal generated by the RF receiver 306. The processing system 310 then decodes an address in the demodulated data of the outbound message, compares the decoded address with one or more addresses stored in the memory 318, and when a match is detected, continues to process the message.
  • the processing system 310 controls the transmitter 304 to send a negative acknowledgment (NAK) to the message when the received signal quality during reception of the message is worse than a predetermined threshold, and to send a positive acknowledgment (ACK) to the message when the received signal quality during reception of the message element is not worse than the predetermined threshold.
  • NAK negative acknowledgment
  • ACK positive acknowledgment
  • the processing system 310 maintains in the memory 318, for a predetermined time such as four minutes, a record of the last acknowledgment sent. Whenever the base stations 116 transmit a REPEAT RESPONSE command 418 (FIG. 4), the processing system 310 then accesses the record and repeats the transmission of the acknowledgment. If the predetermined time has elapsed, thereby rendering the last stored acknowledgment too old, then the processing system 310 assumes that another message must have been sent by the base stations 116 but not received by the portable transceiver 122, and the processing system 310 transmits an indication that no acknowledgment was transmitted (because no message was received).
  • a predetermined time such as four minutes
  • This method offers the advantage of not having to send explicit information for identifying a message which is missing an acknowledgment, but can become confused when two or more messages are sent close to one another to the same portable transceiver 122.
  • a more robust system of acknowledgment identification can be utilized.
  • the REPEAT RESPONSE command 418 can include a time and cause for the acknowledgment that was missed, and the processing system 310 would try to find a corresponding acknowledgment in the record.
  • This method is a preferred compromise between robustness and transmission overhead.
  • each message can be accompanied by a serial number
  • the REPEAT RESPONSE command 418 can include the serial number of the message that is missing an acknowledgment.
  • the processing system 310 would then try to locate the acknowledgment having a corresponding serial number in the record.
  • This method is very robust, but requires the highest transmission overhead, and uses a large amount of storage in the portable transceiver 122.
  • the microprocessor 310 If the acknowledgment of the message is positive, the microprocessor 310 then stores the message in the memory 318, and generates a call alerting signal to alert a user that a message has been received.
  • the call alerting signal is directed to a conventional audible or tactile alerting device 322 for generating an audible or tactile call alerting signal.
  • the microprocessor 316 waits for the fixed portion 102 to resend the message.
  • the outbound message is recovered from the memory 318, and displayed on a display 324, e.g., a conventional liquid crystal display (LCD).
  • a display 324 e.g., a conventional liquid crystal display (LCD).
  • the message is a voice message
  • the message is played out on a conventional audio circuit (not shown in FIG. 3) that is included in the portable transceiver 122.
  • the portable transceiver 122 utilizes hardware similar to that of the TenorTM and TangoTM personal messaging units manufactured by Motorola, Inc. of Schaumburg IL. It will be appreciated that other similar components can be utilized as well for the portable transceiver 122.
  • FIG. 4 is a timing diagram 400 of elements of a frame 407, 412, 414, 416, 418 of an outbound protocol and a frame 426, 428, 430 of an inbound protocol of the fixed portion 102 and the portable transceivers 122 of the radio communication system in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the signaling format operating on the outbound and inbound channels preferably operates on independent frequencies utilizing frequency division multiplexing (FDM). Using FDM transmission, both outbound and inbound RF channel transmissions are depicted during a time interval 401.
  • FDM frequency division multiplexing
  • the elements of the outbound protocol comprise an outbound sync 407, a selective call address 412, a message vector 414, an outbound message element 416, and a REPEAT RESPONSE command 418 (preferably a special type of message element 416).
  • the outbound sync 407 provides a means for synchronization utilizing techniques well known in the art.
  • the selective call address 412 identifies the portable transceiver 122 for which the outbound message element 416 is intended.
  • the message vector 414 points in time within the signal format to the position of the outbound message element 416 to be received by the portable transceiver 122.
  • the message vector 414 further provides information to the portable transceiver 122 identifying a scheduled time slot for acknowledging the message transaction.
  • the REPEAT RESPONSE command 418 informs the portable transceiver 122 that an acknowledgment to a previously sent message is missing, and instructs the portable transceiver 122 to retransmit the acknowledgment. Because time is required between sending the message element 416 and determining that the acknowledgment therefor is missing, the REPEAT RESPONSE command 418 corresponding to a message element 416 is preferably transmitted in a frame that occurs after the frame in which the message element 416 was transmitted. It will be appreciated that, alternatively, the REPEAT RESPONSE command 418 can be transported in the message vector 414 instead.
  • the elements of the inbound protocol comprise an inbound sync 426, scheduled time slots 428, and unscheduled time slots 430.
  • the inbound sync 426 provides the base stations 116 a means for synchronization utilizing techniques well known in the art.
  • Scheduled messages e.g., ACKs and NAKs
  • a transmission time interval 402 depicts the time interval for scheduled transmissions on scheduled time slots 428 from the portable transceivers 122.
  • Unscheduled messages e.g., spontaneous requests, commence after a time boundary 405 which depicts the end of scheduled transmissions from the portable transceivers 122.
  • the duration of unscheduled transmissions on unscheduled time slots 430 is depicted by a transmission time interval 404.
  • Unscheduled time slots 430 may be used by any portable transceiver
  • FIG. 5 is a timing diagram 500 depicting operation of a prior art two- way radio communication system.
  • a message is received and acknowledged, and the acknowledgment is lost for any reason, then the message is retransmitted by the sending transceiver. This is inefficient, because the message was received adequately the first time and does not need to be retransmitted.
  • FIG. 6 is a timing diagram 600 depicting operation of the two-way radio communication system in accordance with the present invention.
  • the sending transceiver transmits a command to the receiving transceiver to resend the acknowledgment identified in a manner described above.
  • the receiving transceiver then retransmits the identified acknowledgment when it finds the acknowledgment in its records.
  • This method of operation advantageously prevents wasted airtime used to transmit a message that has already been received adequately, and the longer the message, the greater the advantage.
  • the intended receiving transceiver responds to the command with an indication that no acknowledgment was transmitted.
  • FIG. 7 is a flow chart 700 depicting operation of a sending transceiver in accordance with the present invention.
  • the sending transceiver can be either the transceiver 225 or the portable transceiver 122, depending upon whether the transmission direction of the message is outbound or inbound, respectively.
  • the flow chart begins with the sending transceiver sending 702 the message to the receiving transceiver.
  • the sending transceiver then awaits 704 an acknowledgment of the message from the receiving transceiver in response within a predetermined time after sending the message.
  • the sending transceiver sends 706 the REPEAT RESPONSE command 418, and the flow returns to step 704 to await the response. If the response is received in time, the sending transceiver then checks 708 the response type. If the response type is an ACK, the message was adequately received and the process ends 710. If, on the other hand, the response type is a NAK (e.g., message received, but had too many errors), then the sending transceiver resends 712 the message, and flow returns to step 704 to await the acknowledgment.
  • NAK e.g., message received, but had too many errors
  • FIG. 8 is a flow chart 800 depicting operation of a receiving transceiver in accordance with the present invention.
  • the receiving transceiver can be either the portable transceiver 122 or the transceiver 225, depending upon whether the transmission direction of the message is outbound or inbound, respectively.
  • the flow chart begins with the receiving transceiver receiving 802 the REPEAT RESPONSE command 418.
  • the receiving transceiver identifies 804 the acknowledgment through one of the methods described herein above, and checks its records to see whether the identified acknowledgment was sent. In step 806, if the records show that the identified acknowledgment was sent, the receiving transceiver resends 808 the acknowledgment. If the records show that the identified acknowledgment was not sent, the receiving transceiver sends 810 a message to the sending transceiver indicating that no acknowledgment was sent.
  • the present invention provides a method and apparatus that eliminates the unnecessary retransmission of a message which results when an ACK that was sent by the receiving device is not received by the sending device.
  • the method and apparatus operate in a manner that advantageously improves transmission efficiency compared to prior art systems.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Detection And Prevention Of Errors In Transmission (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé et appareil, dans lesquels un émetteur-récepteur (225) émetteur contient un émetteur (206) qui envoie (707) un message à un émetteur-récepteur récepteur (122), un récepteur (207) conçu pour attendre (704) un accusé de réception du message de la part de l'émetteur-récepteur émetteur dans un délai prédéterminé après l'envoi du message, et un système de traitement (210) couplé à l'émetteur-récepteur et couplé au récepteur pour l'émission (706) d'une commande (418) à l'émetteur-récepteur récepteur et la demande d'une émission répétée de l'accusé de réception lorsque celui-ci n'a pas été reçu par l'émetteur-récepteur émetteur dans le délai prédéterminé.
PCT/US1997/012604 1996-09-30 1997-07-16 Systeme de radiocommunication bidirectionnel WO1998015140A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US72059196A 1996-09-30 1996-09-30
US08/720,591 1996-09-30

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1224817A1 (fr) * 1999-10-18 2002-07-24 Motorola, Inc. Procede d'indication d'une reponse en retard a un message provenant d'un dispositif d'appels selectif
WO2018077430A1 (fr) * 2016-10-28 2018-05-03 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Dispositifs, procédés et programmes informatiques pour communication sans fil sans octroi
WO2019090337A1 (fr) * 2017-11-06 2019-05-09 Qualcomm Incorporated Réémission robuste d'accusés de réception

Citations (5)

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US3979719A (en) * 1973-04-02 1976-09-07 Texas Instruments Incorporated Multiple block binary synchronous duplex communications system and its method of operation
US4551834A (en) * 1983-10-25 1985-11-05 U.S. Philips Corporation Method and system for communicating over an open communication network
US4617657A (en) * 1984-12-28 1986-10-14 Northern Telecom Limited Transmitting sequence numbers of information in a packet data transmission system
US4905234A (en) * 1987-06-03 1990-02-27 General Electric Company Apparatus and method for transmitting digital data over a radio communications channel
US4984290A (en) * 1988-08-04 1991-01-08 Motorola, Inc. Method of controlling communications in a cellular radiotelephone system

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3979719A (en) * 1973-04-02 1976-09-07 Texas Instruments Incorporated Multiple block binary synchronous duplex communications system and its method of operation
US4551834A (en) * 1983-10-25 1985-11-05 U.S. Philips Corporation Method and system for communicating over an open communication network
US4617657A (en) * 1984-12-28 1986-10-14 Northern Telecom Limited Transmitting sequence numbers of information in a packet data transmission system
US4905234A (en) * 1987-06-03 1990-02-27 General Electric Company Apparatus and method for transmitting digital data over a radio communications channel
US4984290A (en) * 1988-08-04 1991-01-08 Motorola, Inc. Method of controlling communications in a cellular radiotelephone system

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1224817A1 (fr) * 1999-10-18 2002-07-24 Motorola, Inc. Procede d'indication d'une reponse en retard a un message provenant d'un dispositif d'appels selectif
EP1224817A4 (fr) * 1999-10-18 2005-09-07 Motorola Inc Procede d'indication d'une reponse en retard a un message provenant d'un dispositif d'appels selectif
WO2018077430A1 (fr) * 2016-10-28 2018-05-03 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Dispositifs, procédés et programmes informatiques pour communication sans fil sans octroi
CN109937548A (zh) * 2016-10-28 2019-06-25 华为技术有限公司 用于免授权无线通信的设备、方法和计算机程序
CN109937548B (zh) * 2016-10-28 2021-03-30 华为技术有限公司 用于免授权无线通信的设备、方法和计算机程序
WO2019090337A1 (fr) * 2017-11-06 2019-05-09 Qualcomm Incorporated Réémission robuste d'accusés de réception
CN111279641A (zh) * 2017-11-06 2020-06-12 高通股份有限公司 稳健的确认重传
US10727986B2 (en) 2017-11-06 2020-07-28 Qualcomm Incorporated Robust acknowledgement retransmission
US11362768B2 (en) 2017-11-06 2022-06-14 Qualcomm Incorporated Robust acknowledgement retransmission
CN111279641B (zh) * 2017-11-06 2022-09-02 高通股份有限公司 用于无线通信的方法和装置

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