WO1998014689A1 - High density perforating gun system - Google Patents

High density perforating gun system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998014689A1
WO1998014689A1 PCT/US1997/015112 US9715112W WO9814689A1 WO 1998014689 A1 WO1998014689 A1 WO 1998014689A1 US 9715112 W US9715112 W US 9715112W WO 9814689 A1 WO9814689 A1 WO 9814689A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
charge
shaped
cases
tube
primer cord
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1997/015112
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
David S. Wesson
Dan W. Pratt
Original Assignee
Owen Oil Tools, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Owen Oil Tools, Inc. filed Critical Owen Oil Tools, Inc.
Priority to DE69722945T priority Critical patent/DE69722945T2/en
Priority to EP97939601A priority patent/EP0929732B1/en
Priority to CA002267269A priority patent/CA2267269C/en
Publication of WO1998014689A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998014689A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
    • E21B43/116—Gun or shaped-charge perforators
    • E21B43/117—Shaped-charge perforators
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
    • E21B43/116—Gun or shaped-charge perforators
    • E21B43/1185—Ignition systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to through tubing perforation guns used to support explosive charges in a borehole to form perforations through which water, petroleum or minerals are produced.
  • This invention is an improvement to phased, through tubing, perforating systems in that it allows for a high shot density of directional shaped charges in a phased orientation between about 1 35 and 145 degrees.
  • Standard sizes for perforating systems for completing wells in 7 inch casing range from 4 7/1 6ths inches outside diameter to 5 1 /4th inches outside diameter.
  • the typical wall thickness for the carrier tube is from 3/8ths of an inch to 7/16ths of an inch.
  • the most common perforating gun systems for gravel pack completions in 7 inch casing have 4 1 /2 inch outside diameters with 1 2 shots per foot.
  • the systems are typically phased with 1 35 degrees rotation between shots and therefore will have eight rows of shots in the casing.
  • the standard size hole that the most common perforating guns make in the casing is about 0.70 of an inch in diameter.
  • the general object of the invention is to provide a gun for well perforating that overcomes the various disadvantages of the prior art devices.
  • the present invention is a 4 1 /2 inch diameter, 1 8 shot per foot gun that produces an actual hole size in the casing of at least 0.70 of an inch in diameter with a zinc alloy charge case or steel charge case. This performance is accomplished by shooting sequentially with a phasing of between about 1 35 and 145 degrees between shots with a shaped charge liner diameter of 1 .690 inches or larger. This 1 35 to 145 degree phasing provides for 1 8 rows of shot in the casing .
  • the present invention produces 50 percent more flow area than the conventional 4 1 /2 inch, 1 2 shot per foot system in a 7 inch diameter casing.
  • the 1 35 to 145 degree phasing makes the 18 shot per foot shot density possible with the given liner size and carrier tube inside diameter. It minimizes the loss in casing strength since the holes made in the casing by the shaped charges are about 1 2 inches apart vertically, as opposed to the prior art 1 35 degree phasing which results in a vertical separation between shots of only about 5.33 inches.
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a shaped charge positioned in a perforating gun
  • Figure 2 is a schematic assembly of a plurality of shaped charges mounted in a charge holder tube in a high shot density fashion according to the invention.
  • Figure 3 is a side elevational view of the carrier tube with a plurality of apertures phased between 1 35 and 145 degrees to receive shaped charges.
  • numeral 1 1 illustrates a tubular high density perforating gun system of the present invention with a carrier housing tube 17 having an interior annular surface 15 and an exterior annular surface 13.
  • the outside diameter of the carrier housing tube 17 is preferably between 4 7/1 6ths and 5 1 /4th inches.
  • the charge holder tube 19 has an exterior annular surface 21 and an interior annular surface 23 that forms a concentric cylinder and is generally coaxial with the carrier housing tube 17 and is located within the carrier housing tube 17.
  • the diameter of the annular outside surface 21 of the charge holder tube 19 is such that an annular space 25 is created between the annular outer surface 21 of charge holder tube 19 and the annular inner surface 15 of the carrier housing tube 17.
  • the numeral 27 designates a shaped charge having a frusto-conical charge case 29 with an interior surface 31 .
  • the charge case 29 is preferably manufactured from a zinc alloy with similar composition and properties as ZA-5 (No. 5) described in publications by the American Die Casters Association and commercially available.
  • a frusto-conical charge liner 43 has an explosive material retaining wall 33 with an exterior surface 35. Charge liner 43 is attached at its base
  • a firing plate 37 with an exterior surface 39 forms the nose of the explosive material retaining wall 33 of the charge liner 43.
  • Shaped explosive 41 is located in the area prescribed by the interior surface 31 of the charge case 29, the exterior surface 35 of the explosive material retaining wall 33, and the exterior surface 39 of the firing plate 37.
  • An annular fastener ring 45 is located near the base 36 of the charge case 29 and extends radially outward.
  • a plurality of ears 47 which extend outwardly from the charge case 29 in a parallel fashion to receive a primer cord 49.
  • the length from the base 34 of the charge liner 43 to the ears 47 is such that the axis (not shown) of the primer cord 49 is located slightly off center, preferably about 20/1 ,000ths of an inch, of the charge holder tube 19, thereby allowing a snug fit of the primer cord 49 within the ears 47 when the primer cord 49 is put in tension upon assembly.
  • the primer cord 49 is conducively attached to an electrical means (not shown) to sequentially fire the shaped charges 27.
  • This off center assembly of the primer cord 49 in tension assures an electrically conducive contact between the primer cord 49 and the shaped explosive 41 and alleviates the need for clips or additional means of retaining the primer cord 49 in contact with the shaped explosive 41 .
  • This off center assembly of the primer cord 49 also prevents loss of performance of the shaped charges 27 due to charge interference or nonsequential firing.
  • a carrier housing tube bore 51 with an axis (not shown) which is perpendicular to the axis of the carrier housing tube 17, is located on the carrier housing tube 17 of the perforating gun 1 1 , and has a diameter slightly less than that of the base 34 of the charge liner 43.
  • the carrier housing tube bore 51 extends to a depth about half way through the carrier housing tube 17 from the outside edge 13 of the carrier housing tube 17 leaving a selected unbreached portion 54 in the carrier housing tube 17.
  • a plurality of shaped charges 27, in schematic here, are shown assembled in the charge holder tube 19 in phase between about 1 35 and 145 degrees.
  • a plurality of apertures 52 are milled with a phasing between about 1 35 and 145 degrees through a tube, preferably a drawn over mandrel (DOM) tube, by a multiple axes laser milling machine or any other device known in the art for milling apertures in tubes.
  • Fastener ring slots 53 are cut by a laser milling machine, or any other device known in the art, into the top and bottom edges of the apertures 52 in the charge holder tube 19 to receive the fastener ring 45 of the shaped charges 27.
  • the shaped charges 27 are inserted into the charge holder tube 19 and held in place by the fastener rings 45 with a pressure fit into the fastener ring slots 53.
  • the primer cord 49 is fed through the ears 47 of the charge case 29.
  • the carrier housing tube bores 51 are milled into the carrier housing tube 17 in phase between about 1 35 and 145 degrees by means commonly known in the art.
  • the carrier housing tube bores 51 are aligned with the charge liners 43 such that the unbreached portions 54 of the carrier housing tube 17 are located in front of the charge liners 43.
  • the thus assembled perforating gun 1 1 is then attached to an upper end connector (not shown) for mounting on a conveyance sub (not shown) to raise or lower and position the perforating gun 1 1 at the selected position in the well adjacent to the geological formation to be perforated.
  • Perforations are made through the casing and the diameter of at least selected perforations in the casing is at least 0.70 inches.
  • the high density perforating gun 1 1 has a carrier housing tube 17 with an outside diameter between about 6 1 /2 and 7 1 /2 inches.
  • the base 34 of the charge liner 43 has a diameter of at least about 2.500 inches.
  • the shaped explosives 41 of this alternate embodiment are configured such that the diameter of at least selected perforations is at least 1 .00 inch, and the shot density is at least 1 8 shots per foot.
  • the high density perforating gun system 1 1 when constructed as indicated above, allows at least 1 8 shots per foot into the geological formation in a manner that does not weaken the performance of the perforating gun 1 1 or the structural integrity of the gun assembly or the casing.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
  • Vessels, Lead-In Wires, Accessory Apparatuses For Cathode-Ray Tubes (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

A high density perforating gun (11) having a carrier housing tube (17) and an interior charge holder tube (19) through which are mounted zinc alloy shaped charges (27) in a phased relationship between about 135 and 145 degrees. The 135 to 145 degree phased relationship provides for an 18 shot per foot perforating gun system (11). The shaped charges (27) of selected length are inserted into the carrier housing tube (17) and held in place by fastener rings (45) fitted to fastener ring slots (53). The nose ends of the shaped charges are fitted with ears (47) to receive a detonating cord (49). This positions the primer cord (49) in tension and generally coaxially with the carrier housing tube (17) to prevent charge interference and assure sequential detonation.

Description

High Density Perforating Gun System
Description
Cross Reference To Related Application
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/004,793, filed October 2, 1 995, entitled, "High Density Perforating Gun System, " further identified by Attorney Docket No. 0750F-01 6.
Technical Field
The present invention relates to through tubing perforation guns used to support explosive charges in a borehole to form perforations through which water, petroleum or minerals are produced.
Background Information
This invention is an improvement to phased, through tubing, perforating systems in that it allows for a high shot density of directional shaped charges in a phased orientation between about 1 35 and 145 degrees. Standard sizes for perforating systems for completing wells in 7 inch casing range from 4 7/1 6ths inches outside diameter to 5 1 /4th inches outside diameter. The typical wall thickness for the carrier tube is from 3/8ths of an inch to 7/16ths of an inch. The most common perforating gun systems for gravel pack completions in 7 inch casing have 4 1 /2 inch outside diameters with 1 2 shots per foot. The systems are typically phased with 1 35 degrees rotation between shots and therefore will have eight rows of shots in the casing. The standard size hole that the most common perforating guns make in the casing is about 0.70 of an inch in diameter. There is a need to perforate the casing with a higher shot density than 1 2 shots per foot. It is desirable to shoot as many holes per foot as possible into the casing, so long as the size of each hole does not drop below 0.70 of an inch in diameter. It is also desirable to be able to shoot a shaped charge made of zinc alloy so that the undesirable debris from the system is reduced. This need should be fulfilled with a perforation gun that achieves a high density of perforations in a manner that does not weaken the performance of the gun or the structural integrity of the gun or the casing.
Summary of the Invention The general object of the invention is to provide a gun for well perforating that overcomes the various disadvantages of the prior art devices. The present invention is a 4 1 /2 inch diameter, 1 8 shot per foot gun that produces an actual hole size in the casing of at least 0.70 of an inch in diameter with a zinc alloy charge case or steel charge case. This performance is accomplished by shooting sequentially with a phasing of between about 1 35 and 145 degrees between shots with a shaped charge liner diameter of 1 .690 inches or larger. This 1 35 to 145 degree phasing provides for 1 8 rows of shot in the casing . The present invention produces 50 percent more flow area than the conventional 4 1 /2 inch, 1 2 shot per foot system in a 7 inch diameter casing. The 1 35 to 145 degree phasing makes the 18 shot per foot shot density possible with the given liner size and carrier tube inside diameter. It minimizes the loss in casing strength since the holes made in the casing by the shaped charges are about 1 2 inches apart vertically, as opposed to the prior art 1 35 degree phasing which results in a vertical separation between shots of only about 5.33 inches.
Brief Description of the Drawings
Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a shaped charge positioned in a perforating gun;
Figure 2 is a schematic assembly of a plurality of shaped charges mounted in a charge holder tube in a high shot density fashion according to the invention; and
Figure 3 is a side elevational view of the carrier tube with a plurality of apertures phased between 1 35 and 145 degrees to receive shaped charges.
Detailed Description of the Invention
Referring initially to Figure 1 of the drawings, numeral 1 1 illustrates a tubular high density perforating gun system of the present invention with a carrier housing tube 17 having an interior annular surface 15 and an exterior annular surface 13. The outside diameter of the carrier housing tube 17 is preferably between 4 7/1 6ths and 5 1 /4th inches. The charge holder tube 19 has an exterior annular surface 21 and an interior annular surface 23 that forms a concentric cylinder and is generally coaxial with the carrier housing tube 17 and is located within the carrier housing tube 17. The diameter of the annular outside surface 21 of the charge holder tube 19 is such that an annular space 25 is created between the annular outer surface 21 of charge holder tube 19 and the annular inner surface 15 of the carrier housing tube 17. The numeral 27 designates a shaped charge having a frusto-conical charge case 29 with an interior surface 31 . The charge case 29 is preferably manufactured from a zinc alloy with similar composition and properties as ZA-5 (No. 5) described in publications by the American Die Casters Association and commercially available. A frusto-conical charge liner 43 has an explosive material retaining wall 33 with an exterior surface 35. Charge liner 43 is attached at its base
34 to the base 36 of the charge case 29 and extends into the conical space of the charge case 29. The diameter of the base 34 of the charge liner 43 is at least about 1 .690 inches. A firing plate 37 with an exterior surface 39 forms the nose of the explosive material retaining wall 33 of the charge liner 43. Shaped explosive 41 is located in the area prescribed by the interior surface 31 of the charge case 29, the exterior surface 35 of the explosive material retaining wall 33, and the exterior surface 39 of the firing plate 37. An annular fastener ring 45 is located near the base 36 of the charge case 29 and extends radially outward.
Located at the nose of the charge case 29 is a plurality of ears 47 which extend outwardly from the charge case 29 in a parallel fashion to receive a primer cord 49. The length from the base 34 of the charge liner 43 to the ears 47 is such that the axis (not shown) of the primer cord 49 is located slightly off center, preferably about 20/1 ,000ths of an inch, of the charge holder tube 19, thereby allowing a snug fit of the primer cord 49 within the ears 47 when the primer cord 49 is put in tension upon assembly. The primer cord 49 is conducively attached to an electrical means (not shown) to sequentially fire the shaped charges 27. This off center assembly of the primer cord 49 in tension assures an electrically conducive contact between the primer cord 49 and the shaped explosive 41 and alleviates the need for clips or additional means of retaining the primer cord 49 in contact with the shaped explosive 41 . This off center assembly of the primer cord 49 also prevents loss of performance of the shaped charges 27 due to charge interference or nonsequential firing.
A carrier housing tube bore 51 , with an axis (not shown) which is perpendicular to the axis of the carrier housing tube 17, is located on the carrier housing tube 17 of the perforating gun 1 1 , and has a diameter slightly less than that of the base 34 of the charge liner 43. The carrier housing tube bore 51 extends to a depth about half way through the carrier housing tube 17 from the outside edge 13 of the carrier housing tube 17 leaving a selected unbreached portion 54 in the carrier housing tube 17.
Referring now to Figure 2 and Figure 3 in the drawings, a plurality of shaped charges 27, in schematic here, are shown assembled in the charge holder tube 19 in phase between about 1 35 and 145 degrees. In the preferred embodiment, a plurality of apertures 52 are milled with a phasing between about 1 35 and 145 degrees through a tube, preferably a drawn over mandrel (DOM) tube, by a multiple axes laser milling machine or any other device known in the art for milling apertures in tubes. Fastener ring slots 53 are cut by a laser milling machine, or any other device known in the art, into the top and bottom edges of the apertures 52 in the charge holder tube 19 to receive the fastener ring 45 of the shaped charges 27.
The shaped charges 27 are inserted into the charge holder tube 19 and held in place by the fastener rings 45 with a pressure fit into the fastener ring slots 53. The primer cord 49 is fed through the ears 47 of the charge case 29. The charge holder tube 19 with the attached shaped charges 27, located in phase about the charge holder tube 19 between about 1 35 and 145 degrees, and at a shot density of at least 1 8 shots per foot, is inserted into the carrier housing tube 17 and attached thereto by connector means (not shown) .
The carrier housing tube bores 51 are milled into the carrier housing tube 17 in phase between about 1 35 and 145 degrees by means commonly known in the art. The carrier housing tube bores 51 are aligned with the charge liners 43 such that the unbreached portions 54 of the carrier housing tube 17 are located in front of the charge liners 43. The thus assembled perforating gun 1 1 is then attached to an upper end connector (not shown) for mounting on a conveyance sub (not shown) to raise or lower and position the perforating gun 1 1 at the selected position in the well adjacent to the geological formation to be perforated. Upon detonation, the unbreached portion 54 of the carrier housing tube
17 is burned through first. Perforations are made through the casing and the diameter of at least selected perforations in the casing is at least 0.70 inches.
In an alternate embodiment, the high density perforating gun 1 1 has a carrier housing tube 17 with an outside diameter between about 6 1 /2 and 7 1 /2 inches. The base 34 of the charge liner 43 has a diameter of at least about 2.500 inches. The shaped explosives 41 of this alternate embodiment are configured such that the diameter of at least selected perforations is at least 1 .00 inch, and the shot density is at least 1 8 shots per foot.
It should be apparent from the foregoing that an invention having significant advantages has been provided. The high density perforating gun system
1 1 is configured to enable the orientation of shaped charges 27 in phase between about 1 35 and 145 degrees as shown in Figures 1 -3 in which the carrier housing tube 19 is used to position the shaped charge 27 and others like it to form perforations in the casing and into the geological formation. Moreover, the high density perforating gun system 1 1 when constructed as indicated above, allows at least 1 8 shots per foot into the geological formation in a manner that does not weaken the performance of the perforating gun 1 1 or the structural integrity of the gun assembly or the casing.
While the invention is shown in only one of its forms, it is not just limited but is susceptible to various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit thereof.

Claims

ClaimsWe claim:
1 . A tubular, high shot density well perforating gun for producing a perforation through a well casing comprising: a carrier housing tube having an outside diameter within a range of about 4 7/1 6ths to 5 1 /4th inches; a charge holder tube positioned generally coaxially within the carrier housing tube; a plurality of shaped charge cases, containing shaped explosives, carried spirally by the charge holder tube within a range of about 1 35 to 1 45 degree phasing and a shot density of at least 1 8 shots per foot; a primer cord positioned inside the charge holder tube to detonate the shaped explosives; the shaped charge cases having a plurality of ears to receive the primer cord; the shaped charge cases having a liner with a diameter of at least about 1 .690 inches; the shaped charge cases having a length such that the primer cord is substantially coaxial with the charge holder tube to prevent loss of performance of the shaped explosives due to charge interference.
2. The invention defined by claim 1 wherein each shaped explosive is configured such that the diameter of at least selected perforations is at least 0.70 of an inch.
3. The invention defined by claim 2 wherein the charge cases are constructed of a zinc alloy.
4. The invention defined by claim 1 wherein after assembly between the ears of the charge cases, the primer cord is held in tension within the charge holder tube, thereby assuring contact between the primer cord and the shaped explosive.
5. The invention defined by claim 1 wherein the 1 35 to 145 degree phasing range is such that the vertical distance between the perforations in the casing produced by the shaped explosives contained in shaped charge cases is about 1 2 inches.
6. A tubular, high shot density well perforating gun for producing a perforation through a well casing comprising: a carrier housing tube having an outside diameter within a range of about 6 1 /2 to 7 1 /2 inches; a charge holder tube positioned generally coaxially within the carrier housing tube; a plurality of shaped charge cases, containing shaped explosives, carried spirally by the charge holder tube within a range of about 135 to 145 degree phasing and a shot density of at least 1 8 shots per foot; a primer cord positioned inside the charge holder tube to detonate the shaped explosives; the shaped charge cases having a plurality of ears to receive the primer cord; the shaped charge cases having a liner with a diameter of at least about 2.500 inches; the shaped charge cases having a length such that the primer cord is substantially coaxial with the charge holder tube to prevent loss of performance of the shaped explosives due to charge interference.
7. The invention defined by claim 6 wherein each shaped explosive is configured such that the diameter of at least selected perforations is at least 1 .00 inch.
8. The invention defined by claim 7 wherein the charge cases are constructed of a zinc alloy.
9. The invention defined by claim 6 wherein after assembly between the ears of the charge cases, the primer cord is held in tension within the charge holder tube, thereby assuring contact between the primer cord and the shaped explosive.
10. The invention defined by claim 6 wherein the 1 35 to 145 degree phasing range is such that the vertical distance between the perforations in the casing produced by the shaped explosives contained in shaped charge cases is about 12 inches.
PCT/US1997/015112 1996-10-01 1997-09-03 High density perforating gun system WO1998014689A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE69722945T DE69722945T2 (en) 1996-10-01 1997-09-03 BOHRLOCHPERFORATIONSSYSTEM HIGH DENSITY
EP97939601A EP0929732B1 (en) 1996-10-01 1997-09-03 High density perforating gun system
CA002267269A CA2267269C (en) 1996-10-01 1997-09-03 High density perforating gun system

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/724,691 1996-10-01
US08/724,691 US5785130A (en) 1995-10-02 1996-10-01 High density perforating gun system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1998014689A1 true WO1998014689A1 (en) 1998-04-09

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1997/015112 WO1998014689A1 (en) 1996-10-01 1997-09-03 High density perforating gun system

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5785130A (en)
EP (1) EP0929732B1 (en)
CA (1) CA2267269C (en)
DE (1) DE69722945T2 (en)
WO (1) WO1998014689A1 (en)

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US6702039B2 (en) 2001-03-30 2004-03-09 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Perforating gun carriers and their methods of manufacture
WO2010129792A2 (en) * 2009-05-04 2010-11-11 Baker Hughes Incorporated Internally supported perforating gun body for high pressure operations
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US10794159B2 (en) 2018-05-31 2020-10-06 DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH Bottom-fire perforating drone
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US10386168B1 (en) 2018-06-11 2019-08-20 Dynaenergetics Gmbh & Co. Kg Conductive detonating cord for perforating gun
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US6702039B2 (en) 2001-03-30 2004-03-09 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Perforating gun carriers and their methods of manufacture
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US8286697B2 (en) 2009-05-04 2012-10-16 Baker Hughes Incorporated Internally supported perforating gun body for high pressure operations
GB2482463B (en) * 2009-05-04 2014-03-26 Baker Hughes Inc Internally supported perforating gun body for high pressure operations
NO344951B1 (en) * 2009-05-04 2020-08-03 Baker Hughes Holdings Llc Internally supported perforation gun for high pressure operations
WO2021185735A1 (en) * 2020-03-16 2021-09-23 DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH Perforating gun housing and shaped charge carrier
USD968474S1 (en) 2020-04-30 2022-11-01 DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH Gun housing

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2267269C (en) 2003-11-18
EP0929732A1 (en) 1999-07-21
DE69722945D1 (en) 2003-07-24
EP0929732A4 (en) 2000-07-26
CA2267269A1 (en) 1998-04-09
EP0929732B1 (en) 2003-06-18
US5785130A (en) 1998-07-28
DE69722945T2 (en) 2004-05-13

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