WO1998014046A1 - Method and apparatus for the quality assessment of seed - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for the quality assessment of seed Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998014046A1 WO1998014046A1 PCT/NL1997/000551 NL9700551W WO9814046A1 WO 1998014046 A1 WO1998014046 A1 WO 1998014046A1 NL 9700551 W NL9700551 W NL 9700551W WO 9814046 A1 WO9814046 A1 WO 9814046A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- seed
- seeds
- sample
- value
- assessable
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000001303 quality assessment method Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- FGUUSXIOTUKUDN-IBGZPJMESA-N C1(=CC=CC=C1)N1C2=C(NC([C@H](C1)NC=1OC(=NN=1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)C=CC=C2 Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC=C1)N1C2=C(NC([C@H](C1)NC=1OC(=NN=1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)C=CC=C2 FGUUSXIOTUKUDN-IBGZPJMESA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001454 recorded image Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000013528 artificial neural network Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012264 purified product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- KEQXNNJHMWSZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 1,3,2,4$l^{2}-dioxathiaplumbetane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KEQXNNJHMWSZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 240000008415 Lactuca sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003228 Lactuca sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004887 air purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000001537 neural effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
- G01N15/0205—Investigating particle size or size distribution by optical means
- G01N15/0227—Investigating particle size or size distribution by optical means using imaging; using holography
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for assessing the quality of a batch of seed during the processing.
- the invention is particularly suitable for assessing grass seed.
- Grass seed is applied on extensive scale everywhere in the world, but particularly in the western countries.
- the processing of grass seed such as for instance the purifying thereof, has become increasingly more efficient and larger-sale due to mechanization and automation of the processing equipment. This makes more and different demands of the quality control of the end product and of the product during the treatments and of the quantity of good product in the waste flows.
- the quality was assessed per individual grower batch now diverse grower batches are combined and the thus obtained bulk further processed.
- the drawback to such large batches is that quality controls at the finish produce great wastage when a quality norm is not achieved.
- This is achieved for seed in general by the invention with a method for automatically assessing the seed comprising the steps of: a) taking a sample of seed; b) visualizing a sub-population of the sample; c) determining which of the separate seeds of the sub-population is an assessable seed; d) measuring on at least a part of the assessable seeds a parameter from which can be derived whether the seed has the desired quality; e) subject to the parameter value found in step d) adding the value to a total value for good seeds or a total value for empty seeds; f) optionally repeating the steps from step c) until the total sample is analyzed; and g) optionally repeating the steps from step a) .
- a method according to the invention which is particularly suitable for assessing the quality of a batch of grass seed comprises the steps of: a) taking a sample of grass seed; b) spreading the sample on a transparent conveyor belt; c) illuminating the sample through the conveyor belt; d) visualizing a sub-population of the sample; e) determining which of the separate seeds of the sub-population is an assessable seed; f) calculating the value of a determined parameter of each assessable seed; g) determining of each assessable seed whether it has a sufficiently large core, and gl) in the case of an insufficiently large core adding the parameter value determined in step f) or a value derived therefrom to a total parameter value for empty seeds; or g2) in the case of a sufficiently large core adding the parameter value determined in step f) or a value derived therefrom to a total parameter value for good seeds; h) optionally repeating the steps from step d) until the total sample is analyzed; and i) optionally repeating the
- the visualizing of a sub-population of a sample can for instance take place by means of a camera.
- the subsequent assessment of the recorded image of the sub- population of the sample preferably takes place by means of a computer provided with suitable software.
- the method according to the invention is in fact based therefore on computerized image recognition.
- Image recognition is not new per se and is used for instance to check whether in a production line a particular component has been assembled in a product and whether the assembly route of that product can be continued.
- the use of image recognition techniques for assessing the quality of seeds, in particular grass seeds, during the treatment process is new.
- Recognition of the seed can take place by means of different criteria.
- translucent seeds such as grass seed and lettuce seed
- use can be made of this property by illuminating the seed from below and then making an image thereof.
- Opaque seeds will have to be assessed by shape and/or color and can for instance be X-rayed.
- the criteria that can be used to distinguish seeds from contaminations, including other seeds, or to distinguish between good and empty (bad) seed are color, form and structure. Color can be used to identify diseases in and on the seeds.
- Form criteria can be used to find damage to seeds and the presence of husks and floral parts on the seeds. Degree of polishing, ripeness and dehydration of seed can be evaluated by means of the structure .
- grass seed which is continuously illuminated from below passes beneath a camera which records continuously.
- the recordings are then analyzed using special software (for instance Video Frame GrabberTM and Image Processing ToolkitTM, Neural Net- workTM) .
- the analysis results in an image in which are located areas through which less light passes than through the original background (for instance a light plate or transparent conveyor belt) . These areas represent seeds or contaminants.
- the computer is adjusted such that it can recognize an assessable seed, it is capable of counting the number of assessable seeds. Objects smaller than assessable seed are counted as small contaminants.
- the recognition is based on shape and size. Seeds lying for instance on top of one another are hereby not taken into account.
- the ratio between the size of the two areas with a different translucency determined with the aid of surface scanning is a measure for the size of the core.
- good seeds seeds with a sufficiently large core
- empty seeds seeds with too small a core
- the surface area of the core amounts to at least 30% of the total surface area.
- the total surface area is then calculated and optionally converted to seed weight. Calculation of the weight may be important because in the current assessment methods quality is also expressed in weight ratios between good and empty seeds.
- the surface area or weight of empty seeds is added to a total value for empty seeds. The same is done for good seeds.
- the two total values represent the quality of the batch after completion of the analysis.
- the system can be adjusted such that a comparison is also made between the total value for empty seeds and a predetermined threshold value. The same applies for the number of good seeds in the waste flows. When the threshold value is exceeded this can result in a signal and/or a feedback to the control of the processing device from which the samples originate.
- the computer Prior to being taken into use for the method according to the invention the computer is adjusted to recognize grass seed. For this purpose grass seeds of the relevant species are presented to the system. The shape and size of the two types of seed are stored by the computer and an average with margins is determined therefrom. Any unknown grass seed falling within the margins of its species will then be later identified as belonging to this species.
- the weight ratios of the known seeds are in the first instance also stored in the system. To this end good and empty seeds separated in conventional manner by means of a blow-pipe are presented to the image recognition system. This is necessary in order to be able to later calculate the weight on the basis of the surface area of unknown seeds .
- the software is preferably provided with a neural network which is trained to recognize seed. This training can take place either by means of new recordings or by means of recordings stored in a database. Parameters are also entered into the system relating to the sensitivity of the neural network, the dimensions of the seed and the contaminants, and the boundary between good and empty seeds .
- each image which is recorded contains for instance roughly 20 seeds.
- the software can for instance process two images per second.
- the present invention further provides an apparatus for performing the method.
- This apparatus comprises means for taking a sample, a device for recording an image of a sub-population of a sample, transporting means for guiding the sample past the image recording device and means for analyzing the recorded image .
- the image recording means are preferably formed by a camera and the analysis means by a computer.
- the transporting means can be formed for instance by a transparent, for instance milk white, conveyor belt which is preferably antistatic. If the belt were to become static due to the continuous circulating movement this would result in dust being attracted and thereby in deviations in the analysis.
- the apparatus can further be provided with means for generating a signal and/or means for feedback to the control system of the seed processing apparatus.
- An apparatus according to the invention can be incorporated in a conventional purifying line. Samples can then be taken at determined locations in the purifying line, optionally supplemented with samples from the waste flows in order to check whether too much good seed is disappearing during purification. If necessary, the process parameters of the purifying process can then be adapted on the basis of the results of the different samples .
- the results of the analyses of successive images can for instance be plotted in a graph.
- the apparatus can comprise a plotter device for this purpose.
- the present invention will be further illustrated using the accompanying drawings in which corresponding reference numerals refer to corresponding components and in which: figures la and lb show a schematic overview of a purifying line having indicated therein the points at which samples are taken for processing in accordance with the method according to the invention; figure 2 shows a schematic view of an analysis station and the supply routes of sample material; and figure 3 is a perspective detail view of a part of the analysis station.
- Figures la and lb show a schematic overview of a purifying line.
- the line is built up of a plurality of compartments, each comprising a particular type of purifying device.
- the non-purified batch of seeds is fed from a silo 1 and subjected to a first purification on a purifying machine 2 for a screen and air purifying.
- a sample is taken for the first time from the seed flow at I, which sample will be analyzed according to the method of the present invention.
- the grass seed is guided to an intermediate bunker 6, whereafter, following a third purifying machine for screen and air purification 7, a sample is taken once again (II) .
- the seed first enters a so-called splitter sorter 19.
- splitter sorter In such a device a separation is effected on the basis of shape. Objects with a round shape remain behind while elongate shapes, such as for instance grass seed, continue further.
- the splitter sorter separates the flow into two part -flows which enter parallel sorters 20, 21. The actual separation takes place in the sorters 20 and 21.
- a screen purifier 22 the seed enters a storage bunker 23.
- Samples are taken of the total purified product (III) and of the different waste flows (IV, V and VI) .
- a sample can be taken from the seed flow at more or other points and analyzed.
- the transport of wholly or partially purified product (I, II and III) from the sample takers and of the waste flows (IV, V and VI) takes place by means of vacuum transport. Dust is hereby also removed from the waste to prevent fouling of the analysis station 8.
- sample is dosed via a control slide 10 into the sample distributor 11. In order to obtain a representative sample a larger than necessary sample is taken, only a part of which is used.
- a vibrating chute 12 then provides the supply of the seed 13 to the transparent belt 14.
- the seed thereafter falls onto a distributing plate 18 which is slightly convex whereby the seeds are spread in width direction. Spreading in the length direction takes place due to the speed of the conveyor belt . Disposed under the belt is a light box 15 which illuminates the seed from below through belt 14. A camera 16 makes about 2 images per second and can record roughly 20 seeds per image. Once photographed the seeds fall into a collection bin 17 or the sample returns to the purifying line.
- This apparatus is further illustrated in detail in figure 3.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Investigating Materials By The Use Of Optical Means Adapted For Particular Applications (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU44739/97A AU4473997A (en) | 1996-10-04 | 1997-10-06 | Method and apparatus for the quality assessment of seed |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL1004209 | 1996-10-04 | ||
NL1004209A NL1004209C2 (en) | 1996-10-04 | 1996-10-04 | Method and structure for seed quality assessment. |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1998014046A1 true WO1998014046A1 (en) | 1998-04-09 |
Family
ID=19763629
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/NL1997/000551 WO1998014046A1 (en) | 1996-10-04 | 1997-10-06 | Method and apparatus for the quality assessment of seed |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AU (1) | AU4473997A (en) |
NL (1) | NL1004209C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998014046A1 (en) |
Cited By (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1273901A1 (en) * | 2001-07-02 | 2003-01-08 | Université de Liège | Method and apparatus for automatic measurement of particle size and form |
EP1337833A1 (en) * | 2000-11-28 | 2003-08-27 | Imeco Automazioni S.R.L. | Apparatus for analyzing the characteristics of ground products |
US6615538B2 (en) * | 1999-03-15 | 2003-09-09 | Seed-Tech Temed Ltd | Process and apparatus for promoting the germination of plant seeds and the production of agricultural crops |
EP1830176A1 (en) * | 2006-03-02 | 2007-09-05 | FOSS Analytical AB | Device and method for optical measurement of small particles such as grains from cereals and like crops |
WO2007103786A2 (en) * | 2006-03-02 | 2007-09-13 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Methods of seed breeding using high throughput nondestructive seed sampling |
EP1906168A2 (en) * | 2006-09-27 | 2008-04-02 | SACMI COOPERATIVA MECCANICI IMOLA SOCIETA' COOPERATIVA in breve SACMI IMOLA S.C. | A plant for controlling powder granulometry, and a method therefor |
US7502113B2 (en) | 2004-08-26 | 2009-03-10 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Automated seed sampler and methods of sampling, testing and bulking seeds |
US8076076B2 (en) | 2007-08-29 | 2011-12-13 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Systems and methods for processing hybrid seed |
US8501480B2 (en) | 2005-08-26 | 2013-08-06 | Monsanto Technology Llc | High throughput screening of fatty acid composition |
US8997398B2 (en) | 2006-03-02 | 2015-04-07 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Automated high-throughput seed sampler and methods of sampling, testing and bulking seeds |
US9003696B2 (en) | 2010-07-20 | 2015-04-14 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Automated systems for removing tissue samples from seeds, and related methods |
EP2924417A3 (en) * | 2014-03-24 | 2015-12-23 | Amazonen-Werke H. Dreyer GmbH & Co. KG | Method and device for determining the granule size of a fertiliser |
JP2016200518A (en) * | 2015-04-11 | 2016-12-01 | 鹿島建設株式会社 | Method and system for particle size distribution measurement of ground material |
WO2017097782A1 (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2017-06-15 | Basf Plant Science Company Gmbh | Method and apparatus for measuring inflorescence, seed and/or seed yield phenotype |
US9842252B2 (en) | 2009-05-29 | 2017-12-12 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Systems and methods for use in characterizing agricultural products |
CN107621435A (en) * | 2017-10-16 | 2018-01-23 | 华侨大学 | A kind of aggregate on-Line Monitor Device |
CN108593663A (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2018-09-28 | 农业部南京农业机械化研究所 | A kind of seed pelleting qualification rate detecting system and method |
US10254200B2 (en) | 2006-03-02 | 2019-04-09 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Automated contamination-free seed sampler and methods of sampling, testing and bulking seeds |
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---|---|---|---|---|
CN111924508A (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2020-11-13 | 中国农业大学 | Plasma seed processor for uniform distribution of dielectric barrier discharge vibration under normal pressure |
CN112098275A (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2020-12-18 | 华南农业大学 | Rapid detection system and method for aerial broadcast operation quality |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2160483A1 (en) * | 1971-03-05 | 1972-09-21 | VEB Kombinat Fortschritt, Landmaschinen Neustadt in Sachsen, χ 8355 Neustadt | Process for the preparation of fine seeds with different moisture content |
GB1460034A (en) * | 1973-12-12 | 1976-12-31 | Tinsley & Co Ltd H | Method of and apparatus for sorting seeds |
FR2549963A1 (en) * | 1983-07-29 | 1985-02-01 | Claeys Luck | Radiological method and apparatus for studying seeds using a substance opaque to radiation |
-
1996
- 1996-10-04 NL NL1004209A patent/NL1004209C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1997
- 1997-10-06 AU AU44739/97A patent/AU4473997A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-10-06 WO PCT/NL1997/000551 patent/WO1998014046A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2160483A1 (en) * | 1971-03-05 | 1972-09-21 | VEB Kombinat Fortschritt, Landmaschinen Neustadt in Sachsen, χ 8355 Neustadt | Process for the preparation of fine seeds with different moisture content |
GB1460034A (en) * | 1973-12-12 | 1976-12-31 | Tinsley & Co Ltd H | Method of and apparatus for sorting seeds |
FR2549963A1 (en) * | 1983-07-29 | 1985-02-01 | Claeys Luck | Radiological method and apparatus for studying seeds using a substance opaque to radiation |
Cited By (46)
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US6615538B2 (en) * | 1999-03-15 | 2003-09-09 | Seed-Tech Temed Ltd | Process and apparatus for promoting the germination of plant seeds and the production of agricultural crops |
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EP1273901A1 (en) * | 2001-07-02 | 2003-01-08 | Université de Liège | Method and apparatus for automatic measurement of particle size and form |
US8959833B2 (en) | 2004-08-26 | 2015-02-24 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Methods of seed breeding using high throughput nondestructive seed sampling |
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US9986699B2 (en) | 2004-08-26 | 2018-06-05 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Methods of seed breeding using high throughput nondestructive seed sampling |
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US10712325B2 (en) | 2015-12-10 | 2020-07-14 | Basf Plant Science Company Gmbh | Method and apparatus for measuring inflorescence, seed and/or seed yield phenotype |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU4473997A (en) | 1998-04-24 |
NL1004209C2 (en) | 1998-04-07 |
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