WO1998011946A1 - Apparatus and method for enhancing fowl productivity - Google Patents

Apparatus and method for enhancing fowl productivity Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998011946A1
WO1998011946A1 PCT/IL1997/000312 IL9700312W WO9811946A1 WO 1998011946 A1 WO1998011946 A1 WO 1998011946A1 IL 9700312 W IL9700312 W IL 9700312W WO 9811946 A1 WO9811946 A1 WO 9811946A1
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WO
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Prior art keywords
fowl
light source
illumination
light
enhancing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IL1997/000312
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Israel Rozenboim
Original Assignee
O.L.T. Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by O.L.T. Ltd. filed Critical O.L.T. Ltd.
Priority to AU42187/97A priority Critical patent/AU4218797A/en
Publication of WO1998011946A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998011946A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
    • A61N5/0613—Apparatus adapted for a specific treatment
    • A61N5/0618—Psychological treatment
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K45/00—Other aviculture appliances, e.g. devices for determining whether a bird is about to lay

Definitions

  • U.S. Patent 4,625,728 to Schonberg describes a method of improving egg production in poultry by irradiating poultry with energy levels
  • the first energy level comprises green radiation within a wavelength band of 400-600 nm until the poultry have attained proper body weight for sexual development to proceed
  • the green radiation is generally delivered at a rate of about IO 14 quanta/s/cm 2
  • the poultry is irradiated with a second energy level, comprising near-red radiation generally delivered at a rate of about l ⁇ ' ⁇ quanta/s/cm 2
  • the lighting apparatus used to deliver the doses of green and near-red radiation are conventional light fixtures with appropriate green or near-red light bulbs installed therein Particularly in column 5, lines 54-66,
  • the present invention seeks to provide an improved method and apparatus for enhancing poultry productivity by application of light.
  • the present invention provides apparatus and methods for enhancing fowl productivity by providing a light source having a desired output spectrum, and illuminating the light source close to or actually on the head of fowl.
  • the novel "local" illumination provided by the present invention eliminates significant variations in illumination applied to fowl in accordance with the prior art due to variations in their location relative to an illumination source.
  • the present invention thus enhances economy by decreasing feeding costs resulting from over-illumination, without decreasing growth and reproductivity.
  • apparatus for enhancing poultry productivity including a light source disposed generally in propinquity to the head of poultry.
  • the light source is located within a poultry cage.
  • the light source is mounted on the head of a fowl, most preferably inside the ear of the fowl
  • the light source is a light emitting diode (LED), or any other monochromatic light source.
  • LED is a preferred light source due to its long-term intensity stability.
  • the LED has a predetermined light output spectru
  • the LED is combined with a miniature electrical power supply and control circuitry determining the timing of illumination provided thereby
  • a photosensor sensing ambient illumination for providing an input to the control circuitry.
  • a method for enhancing fowl productivity including providing a light source having a desired output spectrum, and illuminating the light source disposed generally in propinquity to the head of fowl
  • the light source is located within a fowl cage Alternatively, the light source is mounted on the head of a fowl, preferably inside the ear of the fowl Preferably, the light source is a light emitting diode
  • a method for enhancing fowl productivity comprising providing a light emitting diode having a desired output spectrum and illuminating the light emitting diode generally in propinquity to photoreceptors of fowl
  • the light emitting diode has a generally monochromatic light output spectrum
  • the method of the invention also preferably includes determining the timing of illumination provided thereby
  • the method of the invention also preferably includes employing a photosensor sensing ambient illumination for determining the timing of illumination
  • a fowl production installation comprising a multiplicity of stacked fowl cages, and light sources located in each of the cages for providing illumination to fowl contained therein BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • Fig. 1 is a simplified illustration of a stack of layer cages outfitted with illumination apparatus constructed and operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig 2 is a simplified illustration of an ostrich having an ear-mounted illumination assembly in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is a simplified block diagram illustration of an illumination assembly useful in the embodiments of Figs. 1 and 2 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
  • Fig 1 is a simplified illustration of a stack 10 of chicken cages 12, each outfitted with illumination apparatus 14 constructed and operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • the stack 10 of chicken - cages 12 may be one of a multiplicity of such stacks located in a hen house and may house any suitable type of chicken, such as layers or broilers. Alternatively any other suitable type of fowl may be housed therein.
  • Each cage 12 may house one or more such fowl
  • the present invention provides individual illumination for each cage, which is generally uniform for each fowl irrespective of the location of its cage.
  • the illumination apparatus 14 is preferably located in propinquity to the head of the fowl where there are located extra-retinal photoreceptors. Alternatively, illumination apparatus 14 may be located in propinquity to the eyes of the fowl
  • the illumination apparatus provides generally monochromatic illumination in a narrow bandwidth extending over less than 50 nm, with a drop-off of -3 dB, and a peak wavelength of 660 nm
  • This illumination has been found to be particularly effective for layers.
  • a preferred power intensity is IO 12 quanta/s/cm 2
  • the illumination apparatus 14 is located at the center of the ceiling of the poultry cage, about 10 cm above the head of the poultry contained therein.
  • illumination apparatus 14 may be located at the sides of the poultry cage, as shown in Fig. 1.
  • illumination apparatus of the type described hereinabove promotes sexual development and enhances body weight of the fowl, increases the quality and quantity of eggs produced by the fowl, and reduces food consumption
  • the "local" illumination provided by the present invention eliminates significant variations in illumination applied to fowl in accordance with the prior art due to variations in their location relative to an illumination source
  • the present invention thus enhances economy by decreasing feeding costs resulting from over-illumination, without decreasing growth and reproductivity
  • FIG. 2 is a simplified illustration of an ostrich having an ear-mounted illumination assembly 30 in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the arrangement of Fig 2 is suitable for use with fowl which are not located in cages and whose value is sufficiently high as to warrant individual mounting of illumination apparatus 30 thereon Alternatively, instead of ear-mounted apparatus, a fiber optics array 32 may be used to direct light towards the ear of the ostrich.
  • the invention is not limited to ear mounting and extends also to other types of body mounted illumination apparatus which provide the desired light stimulus to the hypothalamus
  • a fiber optics array 34 may be used to direct light towards the eyes of the ostrich.
  • FIG. 3 is a simplified block diagram illustration of an illumination assembly 40 useful in the embodiments of Figs 1 and 2 and which is particularly suitable for the embodiment of Fig. 2
  • the illumination assembly 40 typically comprises an LED 42 which is powered by a battery 44 via a control circuit 46, typically embodied in an integrated circuit chip
  • a photocell 48 may sense ambient illumination levels and provide a control input to control circuit 46 to indicate when supplemental illumination is required. Alternatively the photocell 48 may be eliminated.
  • the control circuit 46 includes timer circuitry 50 for actuating the LED 42 at predetermined times and for predetermined durations.
  • control circuit 46 also includes a warning system 52 which alerts users of any breakdown or failure in the system Warning system 52 may trigger a visual alarm 54, such as a warning light or warning message on an operator's monitor screen and/or an audible alarm 56, such as a buzzer
  • a visual alarm 54 such as a warning light or warning message on an operator's monitor screen
  • an audible alarm 56 such as a buzzer
  • the apparatus of Fig. 3 is suitable for ear or other head or body mounting as envisioned in the embodiment of Fig. 2, but may also be used for cage mounting as in the embodiment of Fig. 1 Alternatively, it may be more economical in the embodiment of Fig. 1 to employ a central control circuit and power supply which operate a multiplicity of LED's, each mounted in a cage, which are interconnected by suitable wiring. It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited by what has been particularly shown and described hereinabove. Rather the scope of the present invention is defined only by the claims which follow

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Psychology (AREA)
  • Psychiatry (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Hospice & Palliative Care (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Developmental Disabilities (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Social Psychology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Birds (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Child & Adolescent Psychology (AREA)
  • Housing For Livestock And Birds (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides apparatus and methods for enhancing fowl productivity by providing a light source (14) having a desired output spectrum, and illuminating the light source close to or actually on the head of fowl. The novel 'local' illumination (14) provided by the present invention eliminates significant variations in illumination applied to fowl in accordance with the prior art due to variations in their location relative to an illumination source. The present invention thus enhances economy by decreasing feeding costs resulting from over-illumination, without decreasing growth and reproductivity.

Description

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR ENHANCING FOWL PRODUCTIVITY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to animal husbandry in generally and more particularly to improving egg production and growth efficiency in avian species BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
It is well known to enhance reproductive activities, such as egg production and semen production, in poultry by application of light. Reference is made to the following articles in the professional literature.
BIO-MTTENT LIGHTING for pullets and layers by H M Engster et al, Poultry Digest, November, 1979, pp 604 - 610; and
Layers perform better with intermitted lighting L W H. Mutschemaekers et al,
Poultry Misset, April, 1986
U.S. Patent 4,625,728 to Schonberg describes a method of improving egg production in poultry by irradiating poultry with energy levels The first energy level comprises green radiation within a wavelength band of 400-600 nm until the poultry have attained proper body weight for sexual development to proceed The green radiation is generally delivered at a rate of about IO14 quanta/s/cm2 Then the poultry is irradiated with a second energy level, comprising near-red radiation generally delivered at a rate of about lθ'~ quanta/s/cm2 As is described in column 5, line 45 to column 6, line 1 1 of Schonberg, the lighting apparatus used to deliver the doses of green and near-red radiation are conventional light fixtures with appropriate green or near-red light bulbs installed therein Particularly in column 5, lines 54-66,
Schonberg states that by using these light sources, "the homogeneity of photon distribution will be improved; there will be no temperature increases caused by the heat radiation of the illumination sources; the system will be more efficient, since fewer bulbs will be required and, thus, will become more energy efficient and improve the economy of the operation, the maintenance of the light fixtures will be drastically improved, since less cleaning and changing of bulbs and the like will be required because the light sources can be somewhat removed from the actual location of the animals (emphasis added), and, finally, safety will be improved, since there will be fewer electrical outlets and less wiring involved." It is seen that Schonberg merely utilizes existing light fixtures and illuminates the entire cage of the animal Moreover,
Schonberg even teaches away from placing the light sources near the animal
In a continuation patent application which became U S Patent 4,765,337,
Schonberg describes basically the same system as in U S Patent 4,625,728, the main difference being that the first energy level is also near-red radiation. The light fixtures are the same as those described in the '728 patent.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention seeks to provide an improved method and apparatus for enhancing poultry productivity by application of light.
The present invention provides apparatus and methods for enhancing fowl productivity by providing a light source having a desired output spectrum, and illuminating the light source close to or actually on the head of fowl. The novel "local" illumination provided by the present invention eliminates significant variations in illumination applied to fowl in accordance with the prior art due to variations in their location relative to an illumination source. The present invention thus enhances economy by decreasing feeding costs resulting from over-illumination, without decreasing growth and reproductivity.
There is thus provided in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention apparatus for enhancing poultry productivity including a light source disposed generally in propinquity to the head of poultry.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the light source is located within a poultry cage.
In accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the light source is mounted on the head of a fowl, most preferably inside the ear of the fowl Preferably, the light source is a light emitting diode (LED), or any other monochromatic light source. A LED is a preferred light source due to its long-term intensity stability. In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, the LED has a predetermined light output spectru
Additionally in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the LED is combined with a miniature electrical power supply and control circuitry determining the timing of illumination provided thereby
Throughout the specification and claims, the terms "fowl", "poultry" and "avian" are used interchangeably.
Additionally in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is also provided a photosensor sensing ambient illumination for providing an input to the control circuitry.
There is also provided in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention a method for enhancing fowl productivity including providing a light source having a desired output spectrum, and illuminating the light source disposed generally in propinquity to the head of fowl
Preferably, the light source is located within a fowl cage Alternatively, the light source is mounted on the head of a fowl, preferably inside the ear of the fowl Preferably, the light source is a light emitting diode
There is also provided in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention a method for enhancing fowl productivity comprising providing a light emitting diode having a desired output spectrum and illuminating the light emitting diode generally in propinquity to photoreceptors of fowl Preferably, the light emitting diode has a generally monochromatic light output spectrum
The method of the invention also preferably includes determining the timing of illumination provided thereby
The method of the invention also preferably includes employing a photosensor sensing ambient illumination for determining the timing of illumination
There is also provided in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention a fowl production installation comprising a multiplicity of stacked fowl cages, and light sources located in each of the cages for providing illumination to fowl contained therein BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The present invention will be understood and appreciated more fully from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the drawings in which
Fig. 1 is a simplified illustration of a stack of layer cages outfitted with illumination apparatus constructed and operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention,
Fig 2 is a simplified illustration of an ostrich having an ear-mounted illumination assembly in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and
Fig. 3 is a simplified block diagram illustration of an illumination assembly useful in the embodiments of Figs. 1 and 2 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Reference is now made to Fig 1 , which is a simplified illustration of a stack 10 of chicken cages 12, each outfitted with illumination apparatus 14 constructed and operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention The stack 10 of chicken - cages 12 may be one of a multiplicity of such stacks located in a hen house and may house any suitable type of chicken, such as layers or broilers. Alternatively any other suitable type of fowl may be housed therein. Each cage 12 may house one or more such fowl
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and in contrast with the prior art, wherein substantially the entire hen house is illuminated from above, providing lower illumination levels in cages lower down in the stack, the present invention provides individual illumination for each cage, which is generally uniform for each fowl irrespective of the location of its cage. The illumination apparatus 14 is preferably located in propinquity to the head of the fowl where there are located extra-retinal photoreceptors. Alternatively, illumination apparatus 14 may be located in propinquity to the eyes of the fowl
Preferably, the illumination apparatus provides generally monochromatic illumination in a narrow bandwidth extending over less than 50 nm, with a drop-off of -3 dB, and a peak wavelength of 660 nm This illumination has been found to be particularly effective for layers. A preferred power intensity is IO12 quanta/s/cm2 In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the illumination apparatus 14 is located at the center of the ceiling of the poultry cage, about 10 cm above the head of the poultry contained therein. For example, where a cage having a floor surface area of 38 cm x 38 cm is employed, the illumination apparatus directs light downwardly over a solid angle of approximately 75° A cage with this floor surface has been found to be particularly effective for layers It is appreciated that cages and floor surface areas of other dimensions may be selected and optimized for a particular fowl Alternatively, illumination apparatus 14 may be located at the sides of the poultry cage, as shown in Fig. 1.
The inventors have found that illumination apparatus of the type described hereinabove promotes sexual development and enhances body weight of the fowl, increases the quality and quantity of eggs produced by the fowl, and reduces food consumption
It is a particular feature of the present invention that the "local" illumination provided by the present invention eliminates significant variations in illumination applied to fowl in accordance with the prior art due to variations in their location relative to an illumination source The present invention thus enhances economy by decreasing feeding costs resulting from over-illumination, without decreasing growth and reproductivity
Reference is now made to Fig. 2, which is a simplified illustration of an ostrich having an ear-mounted illumination assembly 30 in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The arrangement of Fig 2 is suitable for use with fowl which are not located in cages and whose value is sufficiently high as to warrant individual mounting of illumination apparatus 30 thereon Alternatively, instead of ear-mounted apparatus, a fiber optics array 32 may be used to direct light towards the ear of the ostrich
It is appreciated that the invention is not limited to ear mounting and extends also to other types of body mounted illumination apparatus which provide the desired light stimulus to the hypothalamus For example, a fiber optics array 34 may be used to direct light towards the eyes of the ostrich.
Reference is now made to Fig. 3, which is a simplified block diagram illustration of an illumination assembly 40 useful in the embodiments of Figs 1 and 2 and which is particularly suitable for the embodiment of Fig. 2 The illumination assembly 40 typically comprises an LED 42 which is powered by a battery 44 via a control circuit 46, typically embodied in an integrated circuit chip A photocell 48 may sense ambient illumination levels and provide a control input to control circuit 46 to indicate when supplemental illumination is required. Alternatively the photocell 48 may be eliminated. In at least the latter case, the control circuit 46 includes timer circuitry 50 for actuating the LED 42 at predetermined times and for predetermined durations. Preferably the control circuit 46 also includes a warning system 52 which alerts users of any breakdown or failure in the system Warning system 52 may trigger a visual alarm 54, such as a warning light or warning message on an operator's monitor screen and/or an audible alarm 56, such as a buzzer The apparatus of Fig. 3 is suitable for ear or other head or body mounting as envisioned in the embodiment of Fig. 2, but may also be used for cage mounting as in the embodiment of Fig. 1 Alternatively, it may be more economical in the embodiment of Fig. 1 to employ a central control circuit and power supply which operate a multiplicity of LED's, each mounted in a cage, which are interconnected by suitable wiring. It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited by what has been particularly shown and described hereinabove. Rather the scope of the present invention is defined only by the claims which follow

Claims

C L A I M S
What is claimed is
I . Apparatus for enhancing fowl productivity comprising a light source disposed generally in propinquity to the head of fowl
2. Apparatus according to claim 1 and wherein said light source is located within a fowl cage.
3 Apparatus according to claim 1 and wherein said light source is mounted on the head of a fowl.
4. Apparatus according to claim 3 and wherein said light source is mounted inside the ear of the fowl.
5. Apparatus according to any of the preceding claims and wherein said light source is a light emitting diode
6 Apparatus for enhancing fowl productivity comprising a light emitting diode disposed generally in propinquity to photoreceptors of fowl
7. Apparatus according to either of claims 5 and 6 and wherein the light emitting diode has a predetermined light output spectrum.
8. Apparatus according to any of the preceding claims and also comprising an electrical power supply and control circuitry determining the timing of illumination provided thereby
9 Apparatus according to either of claims 3 and 4 and also comprising head mounted electrical power supply and control circuitry determining the timing of illumination provided thereby.
10. Apparatus according to either of claims 8 and 9 and also including a photosensor sensing ambient illumination for providing an input to said control circuitry.
I I . A method for enhancing fowl productivity comprising providing a light source having a desired output spectrum; and illuminating said light source disposed generally in propinquity to the head of fowl,
12. A method according to claim 11 and wherein said light source is located within a fowl cage
13. A method according to claim 1 1 and wherein said light source is mounted on the head of a fowl
14. A method according to claim 13 and wherein said light source is mounted inside the ear of the fowl.
15. A method according to any of the preceding claims 1 1 - 14 and wherein said light source is a light emitting diode
16. A method for enhancing fowl productivity comprising providing a light emitting diode having a desired output spectrum, and illuminating said light emitting diode generally in propinquity to photoreceptors of fowl.
17. A method according to the preceding claims 11 - 16 and wherein said light source has a generally monochromatic light output spectrum
18. A method according to any of the preceding claims 1 1 - 17 and also comprising determining the timing of illumination provided thereby
19. A method according to any of the preceding claims and also comprising employing a photosensor sensing ambient illumination for determining the timing of illumination.
20. A fowl production installation comprising a multiplicity of stacked fowl cages, light sources located in each of said cages for providing illumination to fowl contained therein.
PCT/IL1997/000312 1996-09-19 1997-09-19 Apparatus and method for enhancing fowl productivity WO1998011946A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU42187/97A AU4218797A (en) 1996-09-19 1997-09-19 Apparatus and method for enhancing fowl productivity

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IL119282 1996-09-19
IL11928296A IL119282A (en) 1996-09-19 1996-09-19 Treatment of fowl

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1998011946A1 true WO1998011946A1 (en) 1998-03-26

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1477729A1 (en) * 2003-05-13 2004-11-17 Christopher David Lighting device for poultry units
EP2088369A1 (en) 2008-02-07 2009-08-12 Elmar Schrutek Illuminant
WO2010015980A1 (en) * 2008-08-07 2010-02-11 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Luminescent lamp for lighting birds

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4625728A (en) * 1982-08-09 1986-12-02 Michael Schonberg Improving poultry egg production

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4625728A (en) * 1982-08-09 1986-12-02 Michael Schonberg Improving poultry egg production
US4765337A (en) * 1982-08-09 1988-08-23 Edward B. Hunter Method of improving egg production in poultry hens

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1477729A1 (en) * 2003-05-13 2004-11-17 Christopher David Lighting device for poultry units
EP2088369A1 (en) 2008-02-07 2009-08-12 Elmar Schrutek Illuminant
WO2010015980A1 (en) * 2008-08-07 2010-02-11 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Luminescent lamp for lighting birds

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IL119282A (en) 1999-11-30
IL119282A0 (en) 1997-06-10
AU4218797A (en) 1998-04-14

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