WO1998009758A1

WO1998009758A1 - Rotary cutting tool having composite cutting edge and machining method using the tool

Info

Publication number: WO1998009758A1
Application number: PCT/JP1997/003133
Authority: WO
Inventors: Masao Kubota
Original assignee: Masao Kubota
Priority date: 1996-09-06
Filing date: 1997-09-05
Publication date: 1998-03-12

Abstract

A neck (14) having an outer diameter smaller than that of a cutting edge (11) for boring is interconnected to a shank (13). A cutting edge (113) for removing burrs is provided at the connecting portion between the cutting edge (11) for boring and the neck (14) at an angle of inclination of about 45 degrees relative to the center axis of rotation of the tool. While this cutting edge (113) for removing burrs turns on its own axis of rotation, this axis of rotation effects turning motion with eccentricity E relative to the center of a machining hole. Further, a cutting edge for chamfering the entrance of the hole is provided to a part of the cutting edge (11).

Description

Harm

Combined cutting edge rotary cutting tool and machining method using the tool

The present invention relates to a combined cutting edge rotary cutting tool mainly for drilling and a machining method using the tool.

Background technology

Generally, after drilling a through hole with a drill, a special tool for deburring is used to remove the burr generated on the exit side of the hole. Burrs are not usually removed. In addition, a special tool other than the drill is usually used for chamfering the entrance of the hole.

An example in which a part of a spiral protruding shape (heel and body clearance) is cut out a predetermined distance behind the tip of the drilling cutting edge to form a cutting edge for deburring This is disclosed in Japanese patent literature, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 4-152209. To perform deburring with this drill, drill a hole with the drill, penetrate the drill to the above-mentioned partial notch, and then, at right angles to the drill, in the direction of the partial notch. The drill is shifted by a predetermined amount, the drill moves circularly around the center line of the hole drilled by the drill, and the burr generated at the outlet of the hole by the deburring cutting edge is removed. Remove. However, this deburring cutting blade does not rotate around its rotation center axis to remove burrs. That is, while the deburring cutting edge is performing the deburring operation, the drill does not rotate around its rotation center axis. Shaving processing in which the cutting edge for deburring is always controlled to face the edge of the hole and the relative movement between the edge of the hole and the cutting edge for deburring is performed. Therefore, it is inefficient to perform deburring with a deburring blade that does not rotate itself, and the finished state is not good. Also, it is difficult to automatically detect the direction in which the drill is shifted as described above for deburring, and it must be performed manually. Furthermore, it is also difficult to control the rotational position of the drill so that the deburring cutting edge always faces the edge of the hole.

A look at the literature published outside Japan reveals the following two issues. (A) D E 4 2 2 8 3 2 2. (B) D E 4 10 0 0 7 5. Both A and B are equipped with chamfering blades for the machining hole exit and entrance, which are closely related to the present invention, but the exit chamfering cutting edge is on the tool tip side, the inlet chamfering cutting edge is on the shank side, and the diameter is The tool is designed to provide an eccentric swivel to the tool and to chamfer it by providing a molding surface area with a narrower section.

A is dedicated because it chamfers the inlet and outlet at the same time, while B is chamfered separately because it is chamfered separately, but the depth of the Caroet hole is limited by the distance between the two cutting edges . Patent applications for such similar inventions in Germany are based on the slight difference in the arrangement of the two cutting edges and the other main cutting edges (A is a drill and a molded face, and B is a This is probably because the difference between the combination of the screw rice and the molded rice was recognized. Since each cutting edge is recognized as a well-known technology in the field, one drilling face with both cutting edges It is applied to a material having a considerably large diameter, but is not suitable for a material having a small diameter.

Regarding deburring, it is particularly difficult to treat burrs that occur during drilling at the branch point of a pipe. In addition, there are many problems that need improvement, such as drilling chisel edges, slopes and rough surfaces with drills, and sitting down holes near the holes with the same tool.

Disclosure of the invention

An object of the present invention is to use a single rotary cutting tool to perform drilling, removal of burrs generated on an edge on the exit side of the hole, and chamfering of a drilling hole using an NC. Another object of the present invention is to provide a combined cutting edge rotary cutting tool that can be automatically performed with high efficiency, and a method of boring using such a tool.

According to the present invention, (a) a cutting edge for deburring at the hole exit is provided together with the improvement of the cutting edge itself having a drilling function, so that burrs generated by the drilling can be immediately and automatically removed. (B) the provision of a chamfering edge at the hole entrance and a method for immediate and automatic chamfering using it, and (c) the sharpening of the chisel edge. (D) A drill is provided that allows a good cutting edge to appear naturally, and (d) a drill that does not impair the function of the drill and has no chisel edges. A cutting edge with the functions of a simple end mill is provided. In addition, using the tools provided in (a) to (e) above (f), the hole including the branch of the pipe is prepared. Deburring at the end A method and apparatus for automatically performing chamfering are provided.

The composite cutting edge rotary cutting tool according to the present invention is provided with a neck having an outer diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the drilling cutting edge up to the root of the shank, and between the drilling cutting edge and the neck. A deburring cutting edge with a slope of approximately 45 ° is provided, as long as it does not interfere with the hole exit toward the link.

The rotary cutting tool has a chamfering cutting edge inclined at an angle of about 45 ° toward the center axis of the tool at one position of the drilling cutting edge.

The shank has a chamfered cutting edge at the base of the neck, which has an outer diameter larger than the diameter of the hole to be drilled forward from the cutting edge toward the tool tip and reaches the neck. Provides a method to perform chamfering of drilling holes only by feeding in the direction.

The present invention further provides a drill having a cutting edge structure in which the inner cutting edge is concave from the front end toward the center of the tool and has a cutting edge structure in which a hole is formed in the center of the hole.

Further, in the hole drilling method using the rotary cutting tool according to the present invention, the neck of the rotary cutting tool is machined after the machining hole is contributed to the workpiece by the cutting blade for drilling the rotary IS cutting tool. An axial cut corresponding to the amount of chamfering is given along the ridgeline where the machining hole and the exit surface do not touch the hole, and a two-dimensional cut is made between the workpiece and the rotary cutting tool. Or, perform chamfering and deburring of the hole exit by contour machining by giving three-dimensional relative motion After chamfering and deburring the hole exit by contour machining, return the tool rotation center axis to the position of the machining hole center axis, then pull the tool back to the drilling hole, and move the tool rotation center axis to the machining hole center axis. The eccentricity is relatively eccentric, and the cutting edge for chamfering is provided along the ridgeline of the entrance of the machining hole, and a cut is made in the axial direction to perform contour machining.

Further, the control device for performing the hole drilling according to the present invention is provided with a drilling method basic software of a method in which a force datum program software is fixed and a required constant is input.

ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, the deburring of the hole exit and the chamfering of the hole exit and the drilling hole are continuously performed with a single tool without replacement, and NC is used to automatically perform machining with high efficiency. It can be carried out. If necessary, an end mill function can be added. Therefore, it contributes to higher efficiency and lower cost of hole-related machining. In particular, it becomes possible to automate the deburring of holes for adding branch pipes, which has been extremely difficult in the past.

Brief explanation of drawings

FIG. 1A is a front view illustrating that a burr generated on an edge of a machining hole at an outlet side is cut off by a deburring blade provided on a tool.

FIG. 1B is a plan view of the tool of FIG. 1A.

FIG. 1C is a graph showing the eccentricity of the tool of FIG. 1A and the change over time of the tool turning angle.

FIG. 2A is a front view illustrating that a chamfering edge provided on a tool is chamfered on an entrance side of a machining hole. FIG. 2B is a plan view of the tool of FIG. 2A.

FIG. 2C is a graph showing the eccentricity of the tool of FIG. 2A and the change over time of the tool turning angle.

In Figure 3A, the tip angle is 180. FIG. 4 is a front view of a twist drill having a cutting blade for removing a screw.

FIG. 3B is a front view of the tip of the tool of FIG. 3A. FIG. 3C is a plan view of the tip portion of the tool in FIG. 3A. FIG. 3D is a cross-sectional view of the deburring cutting edge of the tool of FIG. 3A.

FIG. 3E is a side view for explaining that a nick is provided at a tool edge of the tool of FIG. 3A to form a chamfering cutting edge.

FIG. 3F is a side view showing that the tool shown in FIG. 3A is provided with a chamfering cutting edge having a large outer diameter at the base of the neck on the shank side.

In Figure 4A, the tip angle is 180. FIG. 3 is a front view showing that a twisting drill is provided with a cutting blade for deburring.

FIG. 4B is also a plan view.

FIG. 4C is a front view showing that a cutting edge for deburring is provided on a cutting edge for drilling in the tool in FIG. 4A.

FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B are explanatory diagrams in the case where a hole is formed obliquely on a flat plate by a rotary cutting tool. FIG. 5A is a side view, and FIG. 5B is a plan view.

Fig. 6 is an explanatory diagram when a hole for connecting a branch pipe is made obliquely in a circular pipe with a rotary cutting tool.

Figure 7A shows a circuit with a pair of square tips attached to the tip. It is a front view of a rolling cutting tool.

FIG. 7B is a plan view of the tool of FIG. 7A.

Figure 8A is a front view (partial view) of a rotary cutting tool with a pair of equilateral triangular tips attached to the tip.

FIG. 8B is a plan view of the tool of FIG. 8A.

Figure 9A is a front view (part) of a rotary cutting tool with a pair of equilateral triangular tips at the tip and a pair of square tips at the back.

9B is a plan view of the tool of FIG. 9A, partially including a cross-sectional view taken along line I-I of FIG. 9A.

Fig. 10A is a front view (part) of a rotary cutting tool with a regular triangular tip at the tip and a square tip at the rear.

FIG. 10B is a plan view of the tool of FIG. 1OA, partially including a cross-sectional view taken along II—II of FIG. 1OA.

Fig. 11A is a front view (part) of a rotary cutting tool with a pair of regular triangular tips mounted on the tip and behind it.

FIG. 11B is a plan view of the tool of FIG. 11A, partially including a cross-sectional view taken along line III-III of FIG. 11A.

Fig. 12A is a front view (partial view) of a rotary cutting tool with an equilateral triangular tip attached to the tip and an equilateral triangular tip behind.

FIG. 12B is a plan view of the tool of FIG. 12A, partially including a cross-sectional view taken along IV-IV of FIG. 12A. Figure 13A is a front view of a rotary cutting tool with a triangular tip attached to the center of the tip and a square tip attached to the outer periphery.

FIG. 13B is a plan view of the tool of FIG. 12A.

FIG. 14A is a side view showing that the ball end mill is provided with a cutting blade for deburring.

FIG. 14B is a front view of the ball end mill of FIG. 14A.

FIG. 15A is a side view showing that a reamer is provided with a cutting blade for deburring.

FIG. 15B is a front view of the reamer of FIG. 15A. FIG. 16 is a block diagram of a control device for performing the processing method of the present invention.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION [A] Outline of compound cutting tool

{a 1} Rotary cutting edge for deburring and chamfering the hole exit;

An example of this cutting tool is shown in Fig. 3A. A simple circle connecting the blade part (length L1) with a cutting edge 11 for drilling at the tip and a shank 13 is shown. The bar is called neck 14. The neck 14 has its diameter D〗 4 smaller than the diameter D 1 of the drilling cutting edge, and its length L 14 is larger than the assumed maximum machining hole depth. At the front end of the neck 14, a rotary cutting edge 1 1 3 for deburring, which is inclined approximately 45 ° with respect to the center axis of the tool toward the shank 13 (this cutting edge θ chamfering can also be performed).

{a 2} Chamfering edge for drilling holes;

Cutting tools with a cutting edge 1 13 for deburring at the hole exit are provided with a separate cutting edge for chamfering.

The cutting edge for chamfering is used at an angle of about 45 ° with respect to the center axis of the tool.The position of the cutting edge depends on whether the outer diameter is larger or smaller than the outer diameter of the machining hole. It is different.

A chamfered cutting edge whose outer diameter is larger than the diameter of the machining hole is provided at the base of the neck on the side of the shank 13 (see reference numeral 15 in FIG. 3F). After the drilling blade has machined the hole in the workpiece, the tool is advanced to approach the hole entrance, and the tool is given a minute feed in the direction of its center axis to make a chamfering cut. Chamfer with blade 15. The straight shank drill drills a torsion groove from a round bar by grinding, and as a result, the outer diameter of the shank is almost the same as the outer diameter of the drilling edge. The cutting edge 15 has a structure with a tip attached as shown in Fig. 3F.

On the other hand, the chamfering cutting edge whose outer diameter is smaller than the diameter of the machining hole is provided in a part of the drilling cutting edges 11 and 12. An example in which the chamfering cutting edge is provided on a part of the outer peripheral side of the cutting edges 11 and 12 is indicated by reference numerals 1 15 and 1 25 in FIG. 3B. Alternatively, instead, the nicks 116 and 126 are formed at the approximate center of the cutting blades 11 and 12 with edges so that the tip angular force is 90 ° ( (See Fig. 3E) You can also. After the drilling edges 1 1 and 1 2 have machined the hole in the workpiece, the relative movement of the tool to the workpiece is the same as when the deburring edge is used to remove burrs. Similarly, the chamfering cutting edge 1 15, 1 25 or 1 16, 1 26 is used to chamfer the edge of the hole.

{a 3} cutting edge for end milling;

Further, the above-mentioned cutting edge for deburring may be combined with the cutting edge for end mill. That is, a concave cutting edge that is inclined toward the center of the tool in the shank direction is provided as a cutting edge for cutting out the center of the hole at the tool tip, and the tip as an end mill is provided. A partial cutting edge and an outer peripheral cutting edge are provided. Examples of the outer peripheral cutting edge include a cutting edge capable of cutting a cylindrical surface, a cutting edge capable of cutting a tapered surface, and a cutting edge capable of cutting a spherical surface.

[B] Machining with rotary cutting tool:

Next, a mode in which drilling and deburring and further chamfering using the composite cutting tool according to the present invention will be described.

{b 1} Deburring and chamfering of hole exits;

The center axis of the tool moves radially or spirally relative to the machining hole and cuts to a certain depth along the hole on the exit side of the hole to perform deburring. NC is used for the relative motion between the tool and the workpiece.

After drilling with the drilling blade of a rotary cutting tool (for example, drill 1 in Figure 3A), rotate the tool when the tip of the neck 14 is slightly out of the hole. While drilling Eccentric relative to the core wire (eccentricity E). To prevent the neck 14 from touching the inner surface of the hole, set it to E (D1-D1 4) / 2, and use the cutting edge 1 1 3 The tool is decentered to a position where a part of the tool comes into contact, and a small axial feed is given to the tool to perform deburring and chamfering. This operation is all performed using NC.

The above deburring operation will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1A to 1C. Fig. 1A shows the cutting edge 9 2 (denoted by 1 13 in Fig. 3A, 1 1 3 and 1 2 3 in Fig. 3 D) for the workpiece 90 with the machined hole already formed. A tool 9 1 (a member indicated by reference numeral 1 in FIG. 3A) having a member) is used to schematically explain a state in which burrs (further chamfering) at the outlet of the machined hole are removed. In order to remove the burrs generated at the exit of the machining hole by the deburring cutting edge 92, first align the center axis of the rotating cutting tool with the center axis of the machining hole of the workpiece 90. (At time t force 0 in Fig. 1C). Then, the center axis of the cutting tool is spirally moved relative to the machining hole while rotating the cutting tool until the cutting edge 92 starts cutting a predetermined amount into the machining hole of the workpiece 90 (Fig. 1). (The section where E increases in the graph of C). From the point in time when a predetermined amount of incision is started (Θ = 0), the center axis of the cutting tool is given a circular motion with a radius E relative to the machining hole and makes one rotation. When one rotation is completed (Θ = 360.), the cutting tool is swirled relative to the machining hole until the center axis of the cutting tool is aligned with the center axis of the machining hole of the workpiece 90. Move in a shape. chamfer It may be turned twice or more integer times to improve the surface quality. In addition, chamfering may be continued to provide small cuts to remove secondary burrs.

The above relative movement of the cutting tool with respect to the machining hole is performed by the NC. In practice, the workpiece 90 may move with respect to the cutting tool. The tool may be moved, and both may be given sinusoidal motion and cosine motion, respectively.

When drilling a hole perpendicular to a flat plate, the relative movement between the tool and the workpiece in the deburring process is achieved by a combination of two-dimensional translation, but in the case of an inclined hole, three-dimensional in a Li, than changes I by the crossing angle position of the surface in the edge line, a no chamfer angle is constant, it is impossible to maintain a normal 4 5 ^D, eccentricity and switching the I by the case It is necessary to change the inclination angle of the blade appropriately.

When a hole is drilled to provide a branch pipe in a circular pipe, the ridgeline becomes three-dimensional, and burrs are formed along a three-dimensional curve along the edge, and the cutting edge is three-dimensional along the cylindrical surface. It is necessary to move relative to each other. As will be described later, the above three-dimensional curve can be obtained mathematically, and is suitable for NC machining. However, depending on the diameter of the main pipe, it may be necessary to provide an appropriate amount of eccentricity by using a tool whose cutting edge does not interfere with the inner surface of the pipe.

{b 2} chamfering the hole entrance;

As described above, the outer diameter of this chamfering cutting edge is increased. Some are larger and smaller than the hole diameter. For a tool with a chamfering cutting edge whose outer diameter is larger than the hole diameter as shown in Fig. 3F, penetrate the hole with the drilling cutting edge of the tool, and then use the chamfering cutting edge to insert the hole into the hole entrance. The tool is advanced until it approaches, and chamfering is performed by the tool's minute axial feed. On the other hand, if the tool has a chamfering cutting edge whose outer diameter is smaller than the hole diameter, after deburring is completed, the tool is retracted along the center of the hole, and NC is used in the same manner as deburring. Then, by the relative movement between the tool and the workpiece, a cut is made along the ridgeline of the drilled hole and chamfering is performed with a coning.

2A and 2B, the entrance of the machining hole already formed in the workpiece 90 with the chamfering cutting edge 93 at the tip of the tool 91 is chamfered. The contents are basically the same as in the case of deburring described in {b1}, including Fig. 2C, and a description thereof will be omitted.

{b 3} When drilling a hole perpendicular to a flat workpiece; as shown in Fig. 1A, after the tool cutting edge 91 has passed through the workpiece 90, the tool is removed. Relative to the workpiece, the deburring cutting edge 92 is brought close to the exit end of the machining hole, and then the tool is rotated relative to the workpiece by a predetermined radius in the axial direction. And cut the burrs. Chamfering is performed after deburring.

If this drilling edge 9 1 is a twist drill, When a scooping angle is given to the cutting edge 91 for drilling, the rotation direction of the tool during deburring is opposite to the rotation direction of the tool during drilling due to the twist groove. Become.

In the chamfering of the drilling hole after deburring, the chamfering cutting edge 93 used for chamfering has an outer diameter smaller than the diameter of the tool hole (the tip of the drilling cutting edge 91). After the deburring is completed, the tool is retracted along the center of the machining hole, and then the chamfering cutting edge 93 is brought close to the edge of the machining hole entrance as shown in Fig. 2A. In the same way as in the case of deburring, the tool is chamfered by giving a notch in accordance with the amount of chamfering while making the tool perform a reciprocating swiveling motion of a predetermined radius.

As described above, the moving amount of the cutting tool having the deburring cutting edge and the chamfering cutting edge (however, having an outer diameter smaller than the diameter of the tool processing hole) depends on the deburring and chamfering. Assuming that the eccentricity S of the tool center with respect to the center of the machining hole at the time of constant cutting is E, and the relative turning amount of the tool with respect to the workpiece is Θ, It looks like this:

X = E cos Θ (1) y = E ε ί η θ (2) Examples of changes of the eccentricity E and the turning angle E with respect to time t are shown in Fig. 1C (for deburring) and Fig. 2C (for chamfering). ).

On the other hand, the chamfered cutting edge has an outer diameter larger than the diameter of the machining hole. If it is located at the base of the neck near the shank, immediately after passing through the hole, the beveled cutting edge is brought close to the opening of the hole, and the minute feed in the axial direction is applied to the cutting tool. To be chamfered. The direction of rotation during chamfering may be the same as the forward direction (the direction of rotation when drilling the drilling blade 91).

When end milling is performed with a cutting tool, chamfering is mainly performed with the tip blade of a clamp-type tool (consisting of a round blade and a flat blade), and deburring is performed on the outer peripheral blade. It is performed by. In addition, the round blade can be used as a surface and a re-blade.

{b 4} Angle of inclination for a workpiece with a flat bottom! When drilling a hole with radius r at 5;

As shown in Fig. 5A, a tool is advanced along a central axis Q2 on a flat workpiece with a flat bottom surface at an inclination angle & of an angle with respect to the bottom face, and a tool center axis Q is applied to the workpiece. A through hole of radius r (center axis is Q 2) centered at 2 is formed. Then, the contour of the hole exit becomes an ellipse as shown in Fig. 5B, and its minor axis is 2r and its major axis is 2r s i πβ. This ellipse is expressed as follows by a rectangular coordinate system (ξ, η, ζ) whose origin is the point Q where the bottom surface of the workpiece and the tool center axis Q2 intersect.

ξ = rcos Θ (3) η = rs ί n θ · · · (4) ζ =-rcos Θ cot ... · (5) The moving position of the center T of the cutting tool with the deburring cutting edge is Machining of the tool center T at the time of cutting a predetermined amount in deburring Ε The eccentricity with respect to the hole center is Ε, and the relative turning amount of the tool with respect to the workpiece is Θ, and the orthogonal coordinates (X, y, z) with Q as the origin Is expressed as follows using

X = E cos Θ · · · (D) y = E s i η θ · (('no z =-r cos Θ cot… · (8)

{b 5} When drilling a through-hole for connecting a branch pipe in a circular pipe; Fig. 6 shows the main pipe (inner diameter 2 R, center axis Q 1) and the branch pipe (inner diameter 2 r, center axis Q 2) with an angle α This shows a case where a hole to be provided in the trunk pipe is machined in order to install the main pipe.

In FIG. 6, let S be the intersection of a plane parallel to the plane including the central axis Q1 of the main pipe and the central axis Q2 of the branch pipe, and the joint line between the two pipes on the inner surface of the pipe. If this intersection point S is represented by an orthogonal coordinate system (ξ, η, ζ) with the intersection point Q between the central axis Q 2 of the branch pipe and the inner wall surface of the main pipe as the origin, Θ is defined as an argument. , Ξ = r cos Θ (9) η = r sine (10) ζ =-r cos Θ cot a

― [R-sin ² Θ] / sina

= (R / s i n a) *

[l-( ² / R ² -P ² )-1-p cos a] where p = (r / R) cos Θ

···· (1 1), and the travel distance of the tool center T is expressed in the rectangular coordinate system (X, y, 2 Using

x = E cos θ (1 2) y = E s i n Θ (1 3) z = (R / s i n a) *

[1 / R ² — p ² ) — 1 p cos a]

(14) Especially when a = 90 °,

ξ = r cos Θ (9 ') η = r είηθ (1 0') ζ = R-(r ² / R ² -p ² )-1]

(1 1 '), and the travel distance of the tool center T is calculated using the Cartesian coordinate system (X, y,

X = E cos Θ ··· (1 2 'y = E είη θ · · · (1 3'

= R [Ϊ / R Ρ 1 3

• (1 4 ')

{b 6} In the case of deburring and chamfering of machining holes in general curved surfaces:

If a through-hole is to be formed in an elliptical tube, spherical shell, conical shell, etc. to provide a branch tube, a deburring cutting edge along the cutting edge at the exit of the hole drilled Is generally relatively three-dimensionally moved to perform deburring. Move along the line. In this case, it may be necessary to properly select the inclination angle of the cutting edge and the eccentricity E in consideration of the interference between the cutting edge and the inner surface of the main pipe. To address this problem, a ballend mill with a substantially spherical head and a shaft with a diameter smaller than the diameter of the head, as shown in Figures 14A and 14B, is suitable. Since there is little risk of interference with the inner surface of the pipe, the cutting edge is unlikely to warp even if a hole is made in the main pipe diagonally.

[C] Control device:

An NC controller is used to perform deburring and chamfering by giving a tool as described in A above to the workpiece in relative motion as described in B above.

If the machining control program is simple, it is sufficient to construct a program for each machining component and input it to the control device. However, in order to easily deal with complicated functions such as when performing 3D NC, the basic program software that can perform the necessary function calculations is fixed and required for execution. You may be allowed to enter only constants (such as dimensions). If the dimensions of each part of the tool change due to regrinding, change the constant to deal with it. In such a case, a control device with the basic software fixed and made into a product is required, but it is necessary to use a control device with a built-in basic software or to add it to the conventional control device as an accessory. May be used.

The configuration of the controller will be described with reference to the block diagram in FIG. Input a variable constant to the input board 161, perform necessary calculations in the calculation command device 162, and process the calculation results. It is transmitted to the control switchboard 163 built in the machine 160. An output from the control switchboard 163 drives an electric motor 164 for rotating the tool 170 and a motor for driving the X table 1667 for moving the workpiece 165 in the X direction. (In many cases, an electric motor, and so on), a prime mover driving a y-table 16 6 for moving a workpiece 16 5 to be machined by the tool 17 0 in the y-direction, and a tool 1 Drive control is performed for the prime mover that drives the spindle head 1 6 8 that holds 7 0 in the z direction. In many cases, these various devices (161, 162, 163) are integrated into a CNC device.

[D] Example of combined cutting tool:

Hereinafter, some embodiments of the composite cutting tool will be described.

{d 1} For normal twist drills with a tip angle of less than 180 °;

Deburring cutting edge and chamfering cutting edge are provided on the 18-degree twist drill with a tip angle of 118 °, which is the standard for high-speed steel drills for ordinary steel drilling. An example will be described with reference to FIGS. 3A to 3F.

As shown in Fig. 3A, the tool has a blade part of length L1 having a drilling blade at its tip, and a diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the drilling blade 1 connected to the blade part. It has a neck 14 and a shank 13 connected to the neck 14.

As shown in Figure 3B, the cutting edge for drilling consists of a left edge cutting edge 11 and a right edge cutting edge 12. These tip cutting edges 1 1, Chip groove 1 1 1, 1 2 1 and land 1 1 2, 1 2 2 are connected to 1 2. Lands 1 1 2 and 1 2 2 extend to neck 14. As shown in Figs.3A and 3D, deburring cutting edges 1 1 3 and 1 2 3 are formed at the ends of the land 1 1 2 and 1 2 2 near the shank 1 3. I have. These deburring cutting edges 1 1 3 and 1 2 3 have a tip angle of about 90 ° when viewed from the tip of the drill 1, and as shown in Fig. 3D, the flank faces 1 1 4 and 1 24 are given.

As shown in Fig.3A, the outside diameter of the drilling cutting edges 1 1 and 1 2 is opposite to the land 1 1 2 and 1 2 2 of the deburring cutting edges 1 1 3 and 1 2 3. It is connected to a neck 14 with a smaller diameter. Therefore, the diameter of the neck 14 is D14, the diameter of the drilling cutting edge 1 is D1, and the deburring cutting blades 1 1 3 and 1 2 3 are used to machine the workpiece for deburring. When the amount of eccentricity of the center axis of the tool with respect to the center axis of the machining hole when making a predetermined amount of cut in the edge on the exit side of the hole is E, the diameter D14 of the neck 14 is

D 14 <D 1-2 E

To satisfy the conditions of

Further, the drill 1 may be provided with a chamfering cutting edge at an entrance of a machining hole. For this chamfering cutting edge, a cutting edge inclined approximately 45 ° around the center axis of the tool is used. There are two types of cutting blades, the outer diameter of which is larger and the smaller. The smaller one is formed near the outer periphery of the tip cutting edges 11 and 12 (the portions indicated by reference numerals 115 and 125 in FIG. 3B). Alternatively, as shown in FIG. In the center of the lens, there may be formed and provided two edges 116 and 126 having an edge having a tip angle of 90 °.

If the outer diameter of the cutting edge is larger than the machining hole, install it at the root of the neck 14 near the shank 13. In the drill of a straight shank, since the groove is machined at once by grinding a round bar, the diameter of the shank is almost the same as the outer diameter of the drill, so the chamfer cut Either fit the ring (not shown) with the blade attached to the shank 13 of the neck 14, or, as shown in Fig. 3F, insert one carbide tip 15 14 may be attached to the end near the neck 14. If the diameter of the hole drilled at the cutting edge of drill 1 is large, two or more carbide tips 15 may be used. The diameter of the circle of the locus drawn by the chamfering cutting edge (carbide tip 15) is also large in the diameter of the machined hole in the workpiece.

{d 2} The mouth of the twist drill with a tip angle greater than 180 °,

As shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, the twist drill 2 is provided with flank surfaces 2 1 1 and 2 2 1 so as to form a tip angle A of 180 ° or more. . The tip cutting edges 25 1 and 25 2 for shaving the core meat have a scooping angle of 0 with a chisel edge, and are sharp and small.

This tool is also connected to the drilling edge, and is smaller than the outer diameter of the drilling edge, as described in {d1} above and shown in FIG. 3A. It consists of a neck 24 with a diameter and a shank connected to the neck 24. As shown in FIG. 4A, the cutting blades 2 1 3 and 2 2 3 are provided at the end on the neck 24 side of the drilling cutting blade. Therefore, the diameter and length of the neck 24 of this tool must satisfy the conditions described in d1 above.

The chamfering cutting edges 2 1 4 and 2 2 4 attached to this tool are designed such that the outer peripheral portion of the cutting edge having a tip angle A is an arc-shaped curve having a tangent at 45 ° to the tool center axis. Use straight cutting edges. These chamfering cutting edges 2 14 and 2 24 are provided with an appropriate flank. If a small flat cutting edge is provided at the tip, it is preferable as the bottom blade of the end mill. Note that the chamfering cutting edge may not be formed on the tip cutting edge but may be provided at the root of the neck 24 near the shank. The configuration in that case is the same as described in {d 1} above and shown in FIG. 3F.

{d 3} For tip clamp drills;

In principle, the edge of the chip is set parallel to the radial surface, and a chip breaker with a positive scoop angle is provided around the entire circumference to provide an appropriate clearance angle. The tip is set so that the drill rotation direction is constant. If part of the insert protrudes into the opposite cutting groove, take edge protection measures such as covers. Although there are various types of chip arrangements, some practical examples are shown below.

(d 3-1) Example using square tip with rounded corners; a pair of square tips 31 and 32 with relatively large rounded corners are shown in Fig. 7A (front view) and Fig. 7 As shown in B (plan view), one of the diagonal lines is It is set near the tip of the tool so that it is parallel.

Of the set cutting edges 31 and 32, the cutting edge is located at the tool tip side and closer to the tool center axis 0 0 and 45 ° to the tool center axis 0 0 The cutting edges 311 and 321 which are inclined at an angle of 2 are the hole center cutting blades (the tip angle is 135). In addition, they are connected to the cutting edges 3 1 1 and 3 2 1, and are located at the tool tip side and farther from the tool center axis 0 0 and inclined at an angle of 45 ° with respect to the tool center axis 0 0. The cutting blades 3 1 2 and 3 2 2 become cutting blades in the vicinity of the outer peripheral portion and serve as chamfering cutting blades. Furthermore, they are connected to the cutting edges 3 1 2 and 3 2 2, and are located at the rear end of the tool and farther from the tool center axis 0 0 and have an angle of 45 ° with respect to the tool center axis 0 0. The inclined cutting edges 3 1 3 and 3 2 3 serve as deburring cutting edges.

Among the roundnesses formed on the cutting edges of these square tips 31 and 32, the rounding between the cutting edge 311 and the cutting edge 312 and the cutting edge 321 and the cutting edge 321 The roundness 3 25 between the blade 3 22 and the blade 3 2 2 has a function as a drill tip cutting edge and a function as an end mill bottom blade. The roundness 3 16 between the cutting edge 3 1 2 and the cutting edge 3 1 3 and the roundness 3 2 6 between the cutting edge 3 2 2 and the cutting edge 3 2 3 are the same as the cutting edge for hole finishing. Become. As shown in FIG. 7B, the tips 31 and 32 are attached to the tool body by forming tip support portions 310 and 320 on the tool body and inserting the tips 31 and 32 into the tool body. Is fixed.

Reference numeral 37 in FIG. 7A indicates a passage through which the cutting fluid passes through the inside of the tool toward the tip. Split. The cutting fluid passing through this passage 37 comes out of the two cutting fluid outlets 38 at the tip.

(d 3 — 2) Example using a triangular chip with rounded corners A pair of equilateral triangular chips with relatively large rounded corners are shown in Figs. 8A (front view) and 8B (plane view). It is set near the tip of the tool as shown in the figure.

Among the cutting edges of the set inserts 401 and 402, the straight cutting edges 411 and 421 coming to the tool tip side are the cutting edges for cutting holes and meat. Become. The cutting blades 4 1 1 and 4 2 2 located on the outer peripheral side of the cutting blades 4 1 1 and 4 2 1 are provided with a small back taper B. That is, the cutting edges 4 1 2 and 4 2 2 on the outer peripheral side are set in the tool body with their directions inclined at a small angle (= B) with respect to the tool center axis. Furthermore, the roundness between the cutting edge 4 1 1 and the cutting edge 4 1 2 and the roundness between the cutting edge 4 2 1 and the cutting edge 4 2 2 are respectively set to the cutting edge 4 1 4 and the cutting edge 4 2 4. As a result, it has the functions of a cutting edge for finishing the inner surface of a hole and a cutting edge for chamfering. In addition, the roundness of the other end of the cutting edge 4 1 2 and the roundness of the other end of the cutting edge 4 2 2 become the cutting edges 4 15 and 4 25, respectively. It has the function of When this tool is used as an end mill, the bottom corner is formed into an arc by the movement of the cutting edge 4 14 and the cutting edge 4 24, which is convenient. In order to increase the flatness of the bottom, the straight part in the direction perpendicular to the tool center axis and in contact with the circular arc of the circular arc-shaped cutting edge 4 14, 4 2 4 4 7, 4 2 7 May be given to the cutting blade.

(d 3 — 3) Example of using a regular triangular tip with a rounded edge and a square tip with a rounded edge;

Attach a pair of equilateral triangular tips 501,502 to the tool tip as shown in Figure 9A. Attach a pair of square chips 503 and 504 at a distance from the tip of the tool on the shank side.

Cut the center of the hole with the inner cutting edge 5 11 1 and 5 2 1 on the tip side of the equilateral triangle tips 501 and 502 attached to the tool tip. The outer cutting edges 5 1 2 and 5 2 2 are provided with a small back taper, and perform rough cutting of holes, and also serve as side mills as end mills. The roundness between the cutting edge 5 1 1 and the cutting edge 5 1 2 and the roundness between the cutting edge 5 2 1 and the cutting edge 5 2 2 are the cutting edge 5 1 4 and 5 2 4 respectively.

The square chips 503, 504 which are attached to the rear end of the tool so that they protrude outward beyond the equilateral triangular tips 501, 502 are one of the square diagonal lines. It is set at right angles to the central axis 0 0, and is submerged from the tool body wall for protection. Therefore, the leading edge 5 31, 5 41 and the trailing edge 5 3 5, 5 4 5 of the square inserts 5 0 3, 5 0 4 are both 45 ° with respect to the tool center axis 0 0. Will be inclined. The cutting edges 5 31, 5 4 1 and the cutting edges 5 3 4, 5 4 4 which are inclined to the tool center axis 0 0 at the outer peripheral side are 45 Functions as a finishing and chamfering edge for holes. On the other hand, the cutting edges 535 and 545 inclined 45 ° toward the shank side with respect to the tool center axis 00 function as cutting edges for deburring.

(d 3 — 4) One modified regular triangular tip attached to one end and one small triangular tip attached to the other end;

This example removes and removes one equilateral triangular tip 502 and one square tip 503 from the tool described in (d3-3) above and shown in Figures 9A and 9B. Instead of the regular triangular chip 5002, this corresponds to a chip provided with a small regular triangular chip 505 as shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B.

The small regular triangle tip 500 is provided with a lip height H equal to or more than the tool half-rotation feed amount in order to balance the cutting resistance in machining by the regular triangle tip 501. As described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-210106, the “rip height” refers to the difference in height between the left cutting edge and the right cutting edge of the drill in the tool center axis direction. It is. In Fig. 1 OA, when the straight line corresponding to the cutting edge of the equilateral triangle tip 501 and the straight line symmetrical with respect to the center axis of the tool are translated upward by H, the cutting edge of the small equilateral triangle tip 505 becomes It shows that it matches the straight line corresponding to the edge. If the lip height is not zero, a difference in chip thickness between the left and right cutting edges will occur, so it is generally desirable that the lip height be zero. However, a rip that is more than 1/2 of the maximum feed per rotation assumed for use If the height H is given positively, it is possible to improve the balance of the cutting force by utilizing the fact that the angle error between the left and right cutting edges is always insensitive.

In the square tip 504 having a function as a cutting blade for deburring, the mounting position in the radial direction is adjusted according to the hole diameter. The equilateral triangle chip 501 and the square chip 504 shown in FIGS. 1OA and 10B are the equilateral triangle chip 501 and the square chip 50 shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B, respectively. 4 has the same function.

(d 3 — 5) An example of using a modified equilateral triangle chip and an equilateral triangle small chip together;

As shown in Fig. 11A, the pair of deformed equilateral triangle tips 60 1 and 60 2 provided at the tool tip are, as shown in Fig. 11A, the edges of the equilateral triangle that are cut off and inclined at 45 ° to the tool center axis. The cutting edges 62 1 and 62 2 having the cutting edges are formed. The tip blades 611 and 612 formed on the sides located on the tip side of the tips 61 and 62, respectively, cut the center of the hole. On the other hand, the cutting edges 6 2 1 and 6 2 2 formed at the apexes of the equilateral triangle are cutting edges for chamfering.

Further, as shown in FIG. 11A, a pair of small triangular chips 6 3 is located at a position separated by a predetermined distance from the position where the chips 60 1 and 60 2 are provided toward the chunk side. 1, 6 3 2 are provided. Each of the small inserts 631, 6332 has a cutting edge for deburring inclined at 45 ° with respect to the tool center axis. (d 3 — 6) — One deformed equilateral triangular tip attached to one side and one small square tip attached to the other end;

This example removes one equilateral triangular tip 6 2 2 and one equilateral triangular tip 6 3 1 from the tool described in (d 3 — 5) above and shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B. In place of the removed triangular chip 62 2, this corresponds to a square small chip 70 2 provided as shown in FIGS. 12A and 12B.

By applying the above-mentioned lip height H to the small square chip 702 positively, the cutting resistance in machining with the regular triangle chip 701 is balanced. The equilateral triangle chip 70 1 and the small equilateral triangle chip 703 shown in FIGS. 12A and 12B are the same as the equilateral triangle chip 60 1 and the small triangular chip 60 1 shown in FIGS. 11A and 12B. It has the same function as the regular triangle chip 632.

(d 3 — 7) Example with one deformed triangular chip at the center and one deformed square chip at the outer periphery:

As shown in FIGS. 13A and 13B, a deformed equilateral triangle tip 8001 is provided at a position near the tool center axis, and a deformed square tip 8002 is provided on the outer periphery of the tool, as shown in FIGS. 13A and 13B.

The square chip 800 has an outer peripheral portion provided with a chamfering cutting edge 800a and a cutting edge 8002b. Reference numeral 87 in FIG. 13A denotes a passage through which the cutting fluid passes through the inside of the tool toward the tip, and is bifurcated near the tip of the tool. The cutting fluid passing through this passage 8 7 has two cuts at the tip. Fluid outlet 8 8 Go outside.

{d 4} derived from other tools;

For other types of tools other than drills, such as end mills and reamers, the diameter of the neck is reduced, and a deburring cutting edge is provided at the end of the cutting edge on the shank side. Provide.

As shown in Fig. 14A and Fig. 14B, a ball end mill with a substantially spherical head and a shaft with a diameter smaller than the diameter of the head, and a spherical cutting edge 14 1 Extend the cutting edge and connect the deburring cutting edge with an appropriate clearance angle at approximately 45 ° to the center axis of the tool. The deburring cutting edge 144 can also be used to chamfer the hole exit. The spherical cutting edge 14 1 itself can also be used for chamfering holes. For this reason, there is no need to provide a special cutting edge for chamfering the drill.

Ball-end mills have no cutting edge like drills, so when drilling on an inclined surface, the tool does not warp. In addition, when a pipe is provided with a hole for connecting a branch pipe, there is no danger that the cutting edge will strike the inner surface of the pipe.

In the case of a reamer, the outer peripheral cutting edge is used, so as shown in Fig. 15A and Fig. 15B, the tool center axis is attached to the neck end of the reamer cutting edge 15 1 on the shank side. Approximately 4 5. Provide slanted deburring cutting blades 15 2 with an appropriate clearance angle. The cutting edge 15 2 can also be used to chamfer the hole exit. When chamfering a drill with a hole, leave the chamfer cutting edge 1 5 3 at the tip of the reamer body as it is, or The structure can be simplified because only a slightly enlarged one can be used.

Claims

The scope of the claims

. A cutting edge for drilling;

A neck behind the drilling edge and having an outer diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the drilling edge;

Including a shank connected to the neck, and

A hole exit deburring and chamfering cutting edge, which is provided at the connection between the drilling edge and the neck at an angle of 45 ° or close to the tool rotation center axis,

A part of the cutting edge or the cutting edge protruding from the cutting edge for drilling is used for chamfering a hole with a 45 ° angle or close to the tool rotation center. It has both a cutting blade and

Compound cutting edge rotary cutting tool.

. A cutting edge for drilling;

Including a shank connected to the neck, and

At the joint between the drilling blade and the neck, 45 to the tool rotation center axis. Or deburring at the hole exit inclined at an angle close to it, and a cutting edge for chamfering,

At the joint between the above-mentioned shank and the above-mentioned neck, a hole entrance which is inclined at an angle of 45 ° or close to the center axis of the tool rotation and has an outer diameter larger than the outer diameter of the drilling cutting edge Combined with a cutting edge for chamfering,

Compound cutting edge rotary cutting tool.

3. The above-mentioned drilling edge has a left and right edge cutting edge with a tip angle of 180 ° or more, and has a concave shape toward the tool rotation center axis. 3. The composite cutting blade rotary cutting tool according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a cutting edge for chamfering is formed at an outer periphery thereof at an angle of 45 ° or close to the tool rotation center axis.

4. In a rotary cutting tool, two square inserts are attached to the tip of the tool body such that the plane coincides with the plane containing the tool rotation center axis.

Of the four sides of each of the above chips, the side that is on the outer peripheral side and faces the front end is used as the chamfering blade for the entrance of the hole, and the side that is on the outer peripheral side and faces the rear end Is a compound cutting edge rotary cutting tool that uses as a deburring cutting edge at the exit of the hole.

5.In a rotary cutting tool, two triangular inserts are attached to the tip of the tool body such that the plane coincides with the plane containing the tool rotation center axis.

Of the triangles in the above chip, the corner located on the tip side is rounded to form a bevel for the chamfer at the entrance of the hole, and the corner located on the rear end is rounded and burred Formed on the cutting blade

Compound cutting edge rotary cutting tool.

6. At least one triangular tip is mounted on the tip of the tool body so that its plane coincides with the plane containing the axis of rotation of the tool, and a predetermined distance from the tip of the tool body. In a rotary cutting tool, at least one square tip is attached to a part of a tool body that is separated rearward so that its plane coincides with a plane including a tool rotation center axis.

Of the above-mentioned square inserts, the side facing the front end on the outer peripheral side is formed as a chamfering cutting edge at the entrance of the machining hole, and the side facing the rear end is used as a cutting edge for deburring. Is formed,

Compound cutting edge rotary cutting tool.

7. At least one triangular insert is attached to the tip of the tool body so that its plane coincides with the plane containing the center axis of the tool rotation, and the tool body is separated from the tip of the tool body by a predetermined distance and backward. In a rotary cutting tool, at least one triangular insert is attached to the part so that its plane coincides with the plane including the tool rotation center axis.

Cut off one corner of the above triangular tip on the tip side, and form a beveled cutting edge at 45 ° or close to it with respect to the center axis of tool rotation. One side of the triangular tip on the side was formed into a deburring cutting edge,

Compound cutting edge rotary cutting tool.

8. Extend the spherical cutting edge of the ball end mill to the rear to form a portion inclined at an angle of 45 ° or close to the center axis of the tool rotation. By providing a large relief angle, a cutting edge for deburring is formed.

Compound cutting edge rotary cutting tool.

At the rear end of the reamer's reamer cutting edge, a deburring cutting edge is formed that is inclined at an angle of 45 ° or close to the tool rotation center axis and has an appropriate clearance angle. Has been a compound cutting edge rotary cutting tool.

0. (a) A drilling blade, a neck located behind the drilling edge and having an outer diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the drilling blade, and a shaft connected to the neck. And a combined cutting edge rotary cutting tool including a deburring cutting edge provided at an angle of 45 ° or close to the tool rotation center at the connection between the drilling edge and the neck. The drilling edge penetrates the machined hole with the workpiece,

(b) Retreat the rotary cutting tool with the drilled hole in poor condition along the tool rotation center axis so that the deburring cutting edge is at the same height as the exit edge of the drilled hole. Let

(c) While rotating the above-mentioned rotary cutting tool around the center axis of rotation of the tool, the relative motion such that the rotary center axis of the rotary cutting tool is eccentric to the center axis of the above-mentioned drilled hole and is rotated at least once. By giving

The burrs formed at the exit side edge of the hole drilled in the above step (a) are cut off with a cutting blade for cutting around the tool rotation center axis,

In addition, the tool is rotating at one part of the drilling cutting edge. The cutting edge for the chamfered hole is formed at an angle of 45 ° or close to the center axis.

(d) With the above-mentioned drilling blade, penetrate the work hole to the workpiece,

(e) The rotary cutting tool that has penetrated the above-mentioned machining hole is retracted along the tool rotation center axis and out of the machining hole,

Move the rotary cutting tool along the tool rotation center axis so that the chamfering cutting edge is approximately at the same position as the entrance edge of the hole.

(g) While rotating the rotary cutting tool around the center axis of the tool rotation, rotate the rotary cutting tool relative to the center axis of the drilled hole so that the rotary center axis is eccentric at least once. By giving exercise,

The edge of the drilling hole on the drilling side drilled in the above step (d) is cut off with a chamfering cutting edge rotating around the tool rotation center axis.

Hole processing method.

1. (a) A drilling edge, a neck behind the drilling edge and having an outer diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the drilling edge, and a shank connected to the neck. The combined cutting edge rotary cutting tool including the deburring cutting edge provided at the connecting point between the drilling edge and the neck at an angle of 45 ° or close to the tool rotation center axis. The drilling blade penetrates the machined hole with the workpiece, (b) The rotary cutting tool that has penetrated the above-mentioned machining hole is retracted along the tool rotation center axis so that the deburring cutting edge is located substantially at the same position as the exit side edge of the above-mentioned machining hole. ,

(c) While rotating the rotary cutting tool around the tool rotation center axis, the rotary cutting tool performs a relative motion such that the rotation center axis is eccentric to the center axis of the drilled hole and at least once is rotated. By giving

The burrs formed at the edge on the exit side of the hole drilled in the above step (a) are turned around the center axis of tool rotation.

In addition, at the base of the neck of the above-mentioned shank, there is an outer diameter larger than the diameter of the drilled hole, and a hole entrance chamfer with an inclination of about 45 ° to the tool center axis. Equipped with cutting blades,

(d) The tool that has penetrated the hole with the drilling cutting edge is further advanced, and the above-mentioned hole chamfering edge faces the opening of the machining hole.

(e) By giving advancement corresponding to the cutting amount, the entrance of the machining hole is chamfered with the cutting edge for drilling and drilling.

Hole processing method.

2. Provide a neck with an outer diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the drilling blade to the root of the shank, and between the drilling blade and the neck, interfere with the hole exit toward the shank. Not to do so, Using a rotary cutting tool provided with a deburring cutting edge having an inclined part with an angle of approximately 45 °, after penetrating the workpiece with a drilling cutting edge,

Provided that the neck of the rotary cutting tool did not touch the machining hole, along the ridge line where the machining hole and the exit surface intersected, and provided an axial cut corresponding to the amount of chamfering, the workpiece and the rotary cutting Machining program software that mainly performs the operation of chamfering and deburring the hole exit by contouring by giving a two-dimensional or three-dimensional relative motion to the tool, and additionally adds a chamfering method for hole drilling. A control device equipped with basic machining software that fixes the foot and inputs the required constants.