WO1998006791A1 - Pentafluoropropanes et hexafluoropropanes utilises comme fluides moteurs pour produire de l'energie - Google Patents

Pentafluoropropanes et hexafluoropropanes utilises comme fluides moteurs pour produire de l'energie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998006791A1
WO1998006791A1 PCT/US1997/013757 US9713757W WO9806791A1 WO 1998006791 A1 WO1998006791 A1 WO 1998006791A1 US 9713757 W US9713757 W US 9713757W WO 9806791 A1 WO9806791 A1 WO 9806791A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hydrofluorocarbon
vapor
hfc
steam
turbine
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1997/013757
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English (en)
Inventor
David Bradley
Original Assignee
Alliedsignal Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alliedsignal Inc. filed Critical Alliedsignal Inc.
Priority to AU40520/97A priority Critical patent/AU4052097A/en
Publication of WO1998006791A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998006791A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/04—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled condensation heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours

Definitions

  • the present invention pertains to a method for extracting mechanical energy via a Rankine cycle using hydrofluorocarbons (HFC's)
  • the invention concerns method for performing work via a binary Rankine cycle using HFC's, especially HFC propanes as a secondary stage working fluid
  • the system de ⁇ ves its energy from the temperature difference between a low grade thermal source, such as exhaust steam from a turbine, and a high quality low temperature source, such as a water near its freezing point, for maximum efficiency
  • Water in the form of steam is the most commonly employed working fluid used to convert thermal energy into mechanical energy in Rankine cycle systems This is due to its wide availability, low cost, thermal stability, nontoxic nature and wide potential working range
  • water has a high boiling point, high c ⁇ tical pressure and low density, all of which limit the obtainable power
  • the use of steam requires superheating and resuperheating to prevent condensation in a turbine Condensation results in erosion of turbine pans and loss of overall efficiency
  • Other fluids have been used in certain power generation applications Ammonia has been used in Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) systems and CFC-1 13 has been used to recover energy from waste heat such as exhausts from gas turbines
  • halocarbons have been suggested as working fluids in power cycle arrangements.
  • U.S. patent 3,282,048 teaches the use of l-bromo-2.2,2- trifluoroethane.
  • U S. patent 5,433,880 teaches power fluids which are azeotropic mixtures of sulfur containing compounds and a hydrofluorocarbon.
  • Fluorocarbon based working fluids are considered to be environmentally safe substitutes for the presently used fully halogenated chlorofluorocarbons.
  • the substitute materials should have the beneficial properties of chemical stability, thermal stability, low toxicity, non- flammability, and efficiency in-use, while at the same time not posing a risk to the planet's atmosphere.
  • the ideal hydrofluorocarbon should not require major engineering changes to conventional technology currently used with CFC materials. It should also be compatible with commonly used and or available mate ⁇ als of construction. According to the present invention, it has been found that certain HFC propanes have thermodynamic properties that allow their use as working fluids in a variety of applications.
  • propanes are particularly useful in thermal energy to mechanical energy conversion processes based on a Rankine cycle process due to their temperature and entropy characteristics, low boiling point, low latent heat of vaporization, low toxicity, negligible flammability and chemical stability It has been found that certain hydrofluorocarbons, such as pentafluoropropanes, including HFC- 245eb, HFC-245fa, HFC-245ea, HFC-245ca, and hexafluoropropanes such as HFC- 236fa, HFC-236eb, HFC-236cb and HFC-236ea will not adversely affect atmospheric chemistry and have useful power cycle characteristics.
  • hydrofluorocarbons such as pentafluoropropanes, including HFC- 245eb, HFC-245fa, HFC-245ea, HFC-245ca, and hexafluoropropanes such as HFC- 236fa, HFC-236eb, HFC-236cb and
  • the invention provides a method for converting heat energy to mechanical energy which comprises heating a hydrofluorocarbon fluid having a boiling point at atmospheric pressure in the range of from about -5 °C to about 40 °C, to a temperature sufficient to form a pressurized vapor of the hydrofluorocarbon. and then causing the heated vapor to perform work.
  • the invention also provides an improved binary power cycle comp ⁇ sing a pnmary power cycle and a secondary power cycle, wherein high temperature steam is a pnmary working fluid in the pnmary power cycle, the improved method comp ⁇ sing employing a hvdrofluorocarbon as the secondary working fluid by converting heat energy to mechanical energy by heating a hydrofluorocarbon fluid having a boiling point at atmosphe ⁇ c pressure in the range of from about -5 °C to about 40 °C. to a temperature sufficient to form a pressu ⁇ zed vapor of the hydrofluorocarbon. and then causing the heated, pressu ⁇ zed vapor to perform work
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a power plant arrangement wherein a single fluid is used to convert power
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of a binary cycle power plant arrangement wherein two different working fluids can be used
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a typical power plant wherein a single fluid ts used to convert power A boiler is used to superheat steam and the produced high temperature, high pressure steam is used to turn turbine 1 generating power Q 1 Waste steam exits from turbine 1 at a lower temperature and pressure.
  • HFC propanes can substitute for steam in such a single stage power cycle
  • a more advantageous arrangement is a binary cycle power plant arrangement as shown in Figure 2.
  • a boiler is again used to superheat steam and the produced high temperature, high pressure steam is used to turn turbine 1 to generate power Q 1 Waste steam exits from turbine 1 at a lower temperature and pressure This exiting steam is then used to heat and vaporize a second, different working fluid which is directed to turbine 2 and which extracts additional power Q2. Vapor exiting from turbine 2 is condensed by cold water and directed back to the secondary fluid heating stage for commencing the second stage again.
  • steam is employed in the first stage and HFC propanes are employed in the second stage of such a binary power cycle.
  • the heating of the hydrofluorocarbon is done with hot water or solar energy
  • the work is preferably done without substantial condensation of the hydrofluorocarbon.
  • the pressurized hydrofluorocarbon vapor is cooled below its boiling point by cold water and then recycled by heating the hydrofluorocarbon to a temperature sufficient to form a heated pressurized vapor of the hydrofluorocarbon which is then caused to perform additional work.
  • HFC propanes that makes their use in heat to mechanical conversions advantageous is the entropy/temperature relationship at saturated vapor conditions.
  • Heat energy can be converted to mechanical energy in a Rankine cycle in a process known as isentropic expansion.
  • the entropy of the hydrofluorocarbon vapor increases as the heating temperature increases at vapor-liquid saturation equilibrium up to the critical point.
  • Ente ⁇ ng press ⁇ res preferably range from about 250 psia to about 450 psia, and exiting pressures preferably range from about 5 psia to about 25 psia.
  • These high molecular weight hydrofluorocarbons have at least 70 weight percent fluorine. These compounds have favorable temperature, pressure, enthalpy, entropy characteristics as heat transfer materials The normal boiling points of these materials range from about -5 °C to about 40 °C The choice of which particular HFC would be used would be tailored to suit the temperature of the coolant available to the particular application. Blends of these materials could also be arranged, which would aid in customizing the working fluid to the particular application. Some of their properties are shown in Table I
  • the present invention meets the need in the art for a working fluid which has a low ozone depletion potential and is a negligible contributor to greenhouse effect global warming compared with fully halogenated CFC materials, is effectively nonflammable, of low toxicity and is chemically and thermally stable in conditions where it is likely to be employed. These materials have the proper boiling points and thermodynamic characteristics that would be usable in power generation. They take advantage of some of the latent heat contained in low pressure steam which is presently not well utilized. Large quantities of low pressure steam can be found in numerous locations, such as in fossil fuel powered electrical generating power plants Binary cycle processes using these HFC propanes would prove especially useful where a ready supply of a naturally occurring low temperature "reservoir", such as a large body of cold water, is available. The particular HFC fluid could be tailored to suit the power plant coolant temperature, maximizing the efficiency of the binary cycle.
  • the example demonstrates the use of HFC-245 isomers and HFC-236 lsomers in producing additional mechanical power from vapor that is exhausting from a steam powered turbine
  • the HFC mate ⁇ als would be circulated through their own reboiler/turbine/condenser system, extracting thermal energy from the exhaust steam while serving as the condensing fluid for the exhaust steam according to the schematic shown in Figure 2
  • Condensed HFC-245fa at 70 T and 18 psia is heated and vaponzed to 300 °F and 43 1 psia by steam via a heat exchanger, employing saturated steam at 328 °F and 96 psia Steam, exhausting from a high pressure turbine, with properties shown in Table I.
  • the power output from the two turbine approach using re- superheated steam would be 687 2 Btu/lb from 1779 2 Btu/lb , or 0 3967 Btu mechanical per Btu of thermal energy
  • the energy gain using the binary combination would be found by dividing 0 4884 by 0 3862, or I 23
  • a 23 % increase in work is accomplished with the binary system for the same quantity of fuel used to power the single working fluid system
  • HFC-245ca is used as the secondary working fluid, with the thermodynamic conditions described in Table 3
  • the 70 °F liquid is converted into saturated vapor at 300 °F and 356 psia with the same quality steam as in Example 1, then sent through a turbine and condensed using 45 °F cooling water.
  • the results of the similar calculations are as follows
  • Example 1 is duplicated where HFC-245ea is the working fluid in an environment where warmer cooling water is present (90 °F)
  • the HFC is heated to 300 T and 262 psia, then sent through a turbine and condensed to a 100 °F liquid
  • the results are as follows:
  • Example 1 is duplicated except HFC-245eb is employed as the secondary working fluid Using the same steam conditions as in the previous examples and employing 4: "F cooling water to condense the HFC vapors to 70 °F The following results are noticed
  • HFC-236fa is the working fluid in a location where high quality cooling (at 35 °F) is available.
  • high quality cooling at 35 °F
  • the same steam conditions are employed, with the HFC leaving the steam heat exchanger at 250 °F at 405 psia (very close to the cntical point of HFC-236fa) and condensing to 40 °F at 19 psia.
  • HFC-236fa cycle only 29.93 % Net mechanical energy/lb.
  • HFC-236fa 29 276 Btu ⁇ b.
  • Thermal input into HFC-236fa 96 85 Btu/lb.
  • Work done on HFC-236fa - pump 0 944 Btu/lb.
  • HFC-236ea is employed as the Rankine cycle working fluid
  • the liquid 70 "F (at 26 1 psia) is pumped through a heat exchanger and raised to a vapor/ superc ⁇ tical fluid at 300 T and 513 psia It is then be put through a turbine and condensed with 45 °F cooling water into a liquid at 70 °F
  • the HFC compounds of this invention have several properties which are beneficial to power generation. These include low viscosity of these fluids which lowers pumping losses, large molecular weight of the compounds and corresponding high densities of the vapors compared to similar pressured steam, the low latent heat of vaporization and good heat transfer properties. Turbines that are designed to use these HFC materials would have a greater energy output per unit volume than a steam turbine at the same pressures. This is important, since low pressure turbines in large energy plants can be enormous in size as well as cost. Furthermore, at the temperatures cited in the above examples, thermal stability is good, especially with materials such as stainless steel SS 304 and steel which are commonly used turbine materials

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé d'extraction d'énergie mécanique via un cycle de Rankine au moyen d'hydrofluorocarbures. L'invention se rapporte en particulier à un procédé d'extraction d'énergie mécanique via un cycle de Rankine binaire au moyen de pentafluoropropanes et d'hexafluoropropanes utilisés comme fluides moteurs dans le fluide de la seconde étape. Le système tire son énergie de la différence de température entre une source faiblement calorifique, telle que la vapeur s'échappant d'une turbine, et une source à basse température de haute qualité, telle que de l'eau proche de son point de congélation, afin d'obtenir une efficacité maximum.
PCT/US1997/013757 1996-08-14 1997-08-13 Pentafluoropropanes et hexafluoropropanes utilises comme fluides moteurs pour produire de l'energie WO1998006791A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU40520/97A AU4052097A (en) 1996-08-14 1997-08-13 Pentafluoropropanes and hexafluoropropanes as working fluids for power generation

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US69654696A 1996-08-14 1996-08-14
US08/696,546 1996-08-14

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Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6880344B2 (en) 2002-11-13 2005-04-19 Utc Power, Llc Combined rankine and vapor compression cycles
US6892522B2 (en) 2002-11-13 2005-05-17 Carrier Corporation Combined rankine and vapor compression cycles
EP1567750A2 (fr) * 2002-11-13 2005-08-31 Utc Power, Llc Applications relatives a la chaleur perdue en cycle de rankine a caloporteur organique
EP1579107A2 (fr) * 2002-11-13 2005-09-28 Utc Power, Llc Turbine comportant des ajutages a ailettes
US6962056B2 (en) 2002-11-13 2005-11-08 Carrier Corporation Combined rankine and vapor compression cycles
US6989989B2 (en) 2003-06-17 2006-01-24 Utc Power Llc Power converter cooling
US7013644B2 (en) 2003-11-18 2006-03-21 Utc Power, Llc Organic rankine cycle system with shared heat exchanger for use with a reciprocating engine
US7017357B2 (en) 2003-11-18 2006-03-28 Carrier Corporation Emergency power generation system
WO2006014609A3 (fr) * 2004-07-16 2006-04-27 Honeywell Int Inc Fluides de travail pour la conversion d'energie thermique de chaleur residuaire a partir de piles a combustible utilisant des systemes de cycle de rankine
US7036315B2 (en) 2003-12-19 2006-05-02 United Technologies Corporation Apparatus and method for detecting low charge of working fluid in a waste heat recovery system
US7100380B2 (en) 2004-02-03 2006-09-05 United Technologies Corporation Organic rankine cycle fluid
WO2006104490A1 (fr) 2005-03-29 2006-10-05 Utc Power, Llc Cycles de rankine organiques en cascade utilises pour recuperer la chaleur
US7665304B2 (en) 2004-11-30 2010-02-23 Carrier Corporation Rankine cycle device having multiple turbo-generators
WO2010065081A1 (fr) * 2008-11-25 2010-06-10 Acme Energy, Inc. Mélanges réfrigérants pour cycle de rankine organique
US7735324B2 (en) 2002-11-13 2010-06-15 Carrier Corporation Power generation with a centrifugal compressor
US8277785B2 (en) 2005-12-13 2012-10-02 Avon Products, Inc. Cosmetic compositions with encapsulated pigments and a method for using
WO2013067450A1 (fr) * 2011-11-02 2013-05-10 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Utilisation de compositions comprenant du 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane et éventuellement du z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butène dans des cycles de puissance
EP2785986A4 (fr) * 2011-12-02 2015-10-07 Honeywell Int Inc Composés de fluoro-oléfine utiles en tant que fluides actifs de cycle de rankine organique
CN105462562A (zh) * 2008-12-05 2016-04-06 霍尼韦尔国际公司 可用作有机液兰金循环工作流体的氯-和溴-氟烯烃化合物
EP2613026A3 (fr) * 2012-01-06 2017-04-19 Nanjing TICA Air-conditioning Co., Ltd. Mélanges de fluides actifs non azéotrope pour systèmes à cycle de rankine

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JPS55131096A (en) * 1979-03-30 1980-10-11 Daikin Ind Ltd Working fluid for rankine cycle
US4324983A (en) * 1977-09-15 1982-04-13 Humiston Gerald F Binary vapor cycle method of electrical power generation
EP0127365A2 (fr) * 1983-05-20 1984-12-05 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Pompes à chaleur
DE3445785A1 (de) * 1984-12-13 1986-06-19 Peter 2351 Hasenkrug Koch Verfahren und einrichtung zur erzeugung einer kraft aus der temperaturdifferenz zweier waermespeichermedien
WO1993002150A2 (fr) * 1991-07-22 1993-02-04 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Utilisation de 1,2,2,3,3-pentafluoropropane
JPH05279659A (ja) * 1992-03-31 1993-10-26 Daikin Ind Ltd ランキンサイクル用作動流体
WO1994022973A1 (fr) * 1993-03-29 1994-10-13 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Compositions refrigerantes a base d'hexafluoropropane et d'hydrofluorocarbone
WO1996015206A1 (fr) * 1994-11-16 1996-05-23 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Compositions de pentafluoropropane

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JPS55131096A (en) * 1979-03-30 1980-10-11 Daikin Ind Ltd Working fluid for rankine cycle
EP0127365A2 (fr) * 1983-05-20 1984-12-05 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Pompes à chaleur
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JPH05279659A (ja) * 1992-03-31 1993-10-26 Daikin Ind Ltd ランキンサイクル用作動流体
WO1994022973A1 (fr) * 1993-03-29 1994-10-13 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Compositions refrigerantes a base d'hexafluoropropane et d'hydrofluorocarbone
WO1996015206A1 (fr) * 1994-11-16 1996-05-23 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Compositions de pentafluoropropane

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Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1579107A4 (fr) * 2002-11-13 2006-05-03 Utc Power Llc Turbine comportant des ajutages a ailettes
US6892522B2 (en) 2002-11-13 2005-05-17 Carrier Corporation Combined rankine and vapor compression cycles
EP1567750A2 (fr) * 2002-11-13 2005-08-31 Utc Power, Llc Applications relatives a la chaleur perdue en cycle de rankine a caloporteur organique
EP1579107A2 (fr) * 2002-11-13 2005-09-28 Utc Power, Llc Turbine comportant des ajutages a ailettes
US6962056B2 (en) 2002-11-13 2005-11-08 Carrier Corporation Combined rankine and vapor compression cycles
US7735324B2 (en) 2002-11-13 2010-06-15 Carrier Corporation Power generation with a centrifugal compressor
US6880344B2 (en) 2002-11-13 2005-04-19 Utc Power, Llc Combined rankine and vapor compression cycles
EP1567750A4 (fr) * 2002-11-13 2007-11-14 Utc Power Llc Applications relatives a la chaleur perdue en cycle de rankine a caloporteur organique
US6989989B2 (en) 2003-06-17 2006-01-24 Utc Power Llc Power converter cooling
US7289325B2 (en) 2003-06-17 2007-10-30 Utc Power Corporation Power converter cooling
US7017357B2 (en) 2003-11-18 2006-03-28 Carrier Corporation Emergency power generation system
US7013644B2 (en) 2003-11-18 2006-03-21 Utc Power, Llc Organic rankine cycle system with shared heat exchanger for use with a reciprocating engine
US7036315B2 (en) 2003-12-19 2006-05-02 United Technologies Corporation Apparatus and method for detecting low charge of working fluid in a waste heat recovery system
US7100380B2 (en) 2004-02-03 2006-09-05 United Technologies Corporation Organic rankine cycle fluid
EP2282018A1 (fr) * 2004-07-16 2011-02-09 Honeywell International Inc. Fluides de travail pour la conversion d'energie thermique de chaleur residuaire a partir de piles a combustible utilisant des systemes de cycle de rankine
WO2006014609A3 (fr) * 2004-07-16 2006-04-27 Honeywell Int Inc Fluides de travail pour la conversion d'energie thermique de chaleur residuaire a partir de piles a combustible utilisant des systemes de cycle de rankine
US7428816B2 (en) 2004-07-16 2008-09-30 Honeywell International Inc. Working fluids for thermal energy conversion of waste heat from fuel cells using Rankine cycle systems
US7665304B2 (en) 2004-11-30 2010-02-23 Carrier Corporation Rankine cycle device having multiple turbo-generators
EP1869293A4 (fr) * 2005-03-29 2008-06-25 Utc Power Corp Cycles de rankine organiques en cascade utilises pour recuperer la chaleur
EP1869293A1 (fr) * 2005-03-29 2007-12-26 UTC Power Corporation Cycles de rankine organiques en cascade utilises pour recuperer la chaleur
WO2006104490A1 (fr) 2005-03-29 2006-10-05 Utc Power, Llc Cycles de rankine organiques en cascade utilises pour recuperer la chaleur
US7942001B2 (en) 2005-03-29 2011-05-17 Utc Power, Llc Cascaded organic rankine cycles for waste heat utilization
US8277785B2 (en) 2005-12-13 2012-10-02 Avon Products, Inc. Cosmetic compositions with encapsulated pigments and a method for using
WO2010065081A1 (fr) * 2008-11-25 2010-06-10 Acme Energy, Inc. Mélanges réfrigérants pour cycle de rankine organique
US8276383B2 (en) 2008-11-25 2012-10-02 Acme Energy, Inc. Power generator using an organic rankine cycle drive with refrigerant mixtures and low waste heat exhaust as a heat source
CN105462562A (zh) * 2008-12-05 2016-04-06 霍尼韦尔国际公司 可用作有机液兰金循环工作流体的氯-和溴-氟烯烃化合物
CN105462562B (zh) * 2008-12-05 2020-03-10 霍尼韦尔国际公司 可用作有机液兰金循环工作流体的氯-和溴-氟烯烃化合物
WO2013067450A1 (fr) * 2011-11-02 2013-05-10 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Utilisation de compositions comprenant du 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane et éventuellement du z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butène dans des cycles de puissance
US9003797B2 (en) 2011-11-02 2015-04-14 E L Du Pont De Nemours And Company Use of compositions comprising 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane and optionally Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene in power cycles
EP2785986A4 (fr) * 2011-12-02 2015-10-07 Honeywell Int Inc Composés de fluoro-oléfine utiles en tant que fluides actifs de cycle de rankine organique
EP2613026A3 (fr) * 2012-01-06 2017-04-19 Nanjing TICA Air-conditioning Co., Ltd. Mélanges de fluides actifs non azéotrope pour systèmes à cycle de rankine

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