WO1998005594A1 - Dispositif portable de purification de l'eau - Google Patents

Dispositif portable de purification de l'eau Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998005594A1
WO1998005594A1 PCT/GB1996/001900 GB9601900W WO9805594A1 WO 1998005594 A1 WO1998005594 A1 WO 1998005594A1 GB 9601900 W GB9601900 W GB 9601900W WO 9805594 A1 WO9805594 A1 WO 9805594A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
container
purification system
water purification
photosensitizer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1996/001900
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Eitan Sharir
Original Assignee
Solar Dynamics Limited
Ritter, Stephen, David
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Solar Dynamics Limited, Ritter, Stephen, David filed Critical Solar Dynamics Limited
Priority to AU66644/96A priority Critical patent/AU6664496A/en
Priority to PCT/GB1996/001900 priority patent/WO1998005594A1/fr
Publication of WO1998005594A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998005594A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
    • C02F1/32—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with ultraviolet light
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/68—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition of specified substances, e.g. trace elements, for ameliorating potable water
    • C02F1/685—Devices for dosing the additives
    • C02F1/688—Devices in which the water progressively dissolves a solid compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F9/20—Portable or detachable small-scale multistage treatment devices, e.g. point of use or laboratory water purification systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
    • Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for the production of drinking water from a water source which is contaminated by pathogenic microorganisms. More particularly, the invention provides a portable apparatus which uses unconcentrated solar energy and which is suitable for use anywhere sunshine is available, no electric power being required.
  • the municipal authority could offer residents the loan of a portable water purification device.
  • a portable water purification device would also be of vital utility in an area suffering from a disaster such as an earthquake which had disrupted water, gas and electricity lines.
  • a small, portable unit was developed by Maria Telkes during World War II, to serve the needs of flyers who were forced down at sea.
  • This solar still is inflatable, has a black, porous evaporator, and operates at over 50% efficiency.
  • it is designed for the desalination of sea water, and its output serves to supply only the minimum drinking requirements of one person.
  • Apparatus for purifying water arranged for the decomposition of organic comtaminants by exposing the water containing said contaminants to a beam of concentrated solar energy, have been disclosed by Inagaki, et al. in U.S. Patent 4,978,458, and by the present inventor in Israel Patent Application 98930 and U.S. Patent Application No. 07/916,700.
  • Such devices require the construction and. maintenance of large lenses or reflectors, and require accurate tracking devices to follow the sun's apparent movement.
  • a further limitation of such concentrating devices is their inability t ⁇ utilize the approximately 10% of solar radiation which arrives at ground level in diffuse form after being scattereed by the Earth's atmosphere.
  • a process for treating aqueous waste effluents containing organic materials which comprises adding t ⁇ said aqueous effluents in the presence of oxygen, a water-insoluble, polymer-based photosensitizer, and then photolyzing the resulting suspension with light having wavelengths between 320 nm and about 800 nm.
  • Williams makes no claim t ⁇ a method producing water fit for drinking, nor does he propose any apparatus for producing drinking water.
  • a further objective of the present invention is to provide a portable system which can be transported in a typical family automobile, and which can be set up and dismantled in a few minutes.
  • a still further objective of the present invention is to provide an apparatus which can be manufactured and operated at low cost.
  • the present invention achieves the above objectives by providing a portable water purification system for use in purifying fresh water containing pathogenic microorganisms, comprising at least one transparent container for said water, said container being exposable to solar radiation including wavelengths in the visible part of the spectrum, for effecting oxidation of said microorganisms; a water- dissolvable capsule or tablet comprising inert, non-toxic photosensitizer, said photosensitizer being of the type which absorbs visible light and which, in turn, transfers some of the energy from said absorbed visible light to accelerate the oxidation of microorganisms found in said water,- and water delivery means, in fluid communication with the lower ⁇ art of said container.
  • a portable water purification system further comprising a second transparent container, arranged to be in fluid communication with filter means positioned thereabove.
  • Said second container is arranged to receive filtered water from the filter means, and is also exposable to solar radiation including wavelengths in the visible part of the spectrum, to accelerate the oxidation of microorganisms contained therein.
  • a water delivery means for transfer of filtered, irradiated water to the first transparent container.
  • a portable water purification system further comprising a third transparent container, positioned above the second transparent container.
  • Filter means mounted in said third transparent container are arranged to feed filtered water to the second transparent container.
  • Fig. 1 is a front elevational view of a preferred embodiment of the water purification system according to the inventio ;
  • Fig. 2 is a front elevational view of a second embodiment of the system of the invention;
  • Fig. 3 is a front elevational view of an embodiment of the system provided with stirring means;
  • Fig. 4 illustrates a system similar to that shown in Fig. 3, but having wind-powered stirring means; • 3 -
  • Fig. 5 is a front elevational view of an embodiment of the system having filter means
  • Fig. 6 illustrates a system similar to that shown in Fig. 5, but having improved means for transferring water between the containers
  • Fig. 7 is a front elevational view of an embodiment of the system, provided with a third container including filter means.
  • Fig. 1 a portable water purification system 10, for use in combination with fresh water 12 containing pathogenic microorganisms , but not containing harmful solids. If the water to be purified contains solids, the embodiment to be described below with reference to Fig. 5 is used.
  • a first transparent container 14 for water 12 is arranged to be exposed t ⁇ solar radiation 15 including wavelengths in the visible part of the spectrum, for effecting oxidation of said contained microorganisms.
  • a useful container 14 is one having an openable top 18 and a capacity of 20 liters.
  • Water delivery means 20, such as a faucet 22, are in fluid communication with the lower part of container 14.
  • Container 14 is suitably manufactured of a transparent thermoplastic such as acrylic, which has clarity comparable to glass, unusual weatherability, and good scratch resistance.
  • container 14 is provided with a lower reflecting surface 16.
  • a part of the side wall is also coated to be reflective. Such reflective surfaces redirect the radiation which has passed through water 12 once to transverse the water a second time, and thus to continue its activity during its further passage.
  • a water dissolvable capsule or tablet 24 for insertion into the water 12.
  • Said capsule or tablet contains inert, non-toxic photosensitizer 26, of the type which absorbs visible light and which, in turn, transfers some of the energy from this absorbed visible light to accelerate the oxidation of the microorganisms found in water 12.
  • Photosensitizer 25 is selected from the group of such known materials, consisting of methylene blue, riboflavin, rose bengal, etc. Methylene blue is especially preferred.
  • Capsule or table 24 may also contain desirable minerals and flavour-improving ingredients; since it is non-toxic, it will cause no lasting harm, even if it is accidentally swallowed.
  • a suitable relationship between the volume capacity of container 14 and the amount of active photosensitizer 26 is between 0.5-2.0 pp active ingredient.
  • the capsule or tablet 24 is advantageously made t ⁇ correspond to this requirement.
  • the relationship between the volume capacity of container 14 and the amount of active photosensitizer 26 is predetermined to be between 0.5-1.0 mg of active photosensitizer 26 per liter of water 12.
  • container 14 is filled with pre-filtered water 12, and a capsule or table 24 is dropped into the water. Tablet 24 dissolves and colors the water 12; if necessary, the user can shake container 14 to improve distribution of the photosensitizer 26. The user then positions container 14 for exposure t ⁇ the sun. Under cloudy conditions, the process continues a t a reduced rate, using diffused radiation.
  • a portable water purification system 28 further comprising means 30, such as the illustrated small, removable cover 32, arranged to allow introduction of photosensitizer 26 into water 12 contained in the first transparent container 34.
  • the container 34 is shown to have a shape which increases the radiation exposure area t ⁇ above that of a cylindrical tank of equivalent capacity, thus purifying water 12 at a faster rate.
  • Fig. 3 depicts a portable water purification system 36, further comprising a stirring means 38 for agitating water 12 contained therein. Such agitation is useful in achieving even distribution of the photosensitizer material 26.
  • agitator 40 is connected to a handle 42, for manual operation.
  • Fig. 4 a portable water purification system 44, similar to that seen in Fig. 3; however, in system 44, the stirring means 46 is powered by a wind turbine 48.
  • Wind turbine 48 shown is a device of the cup-anemometer type. Being mounted on a vertical axis 50, it requires no specific orientation relative to wind direction, which may vary.
  • the wind turbine 48 has the advantage of providing continuous stirring t ⁇ a greater or lesser extent, depending on the prevailing wind conditions. Continuous stirring, however, is not required.
  • a portable water purification system 52 similar to that described above with reference t ⁇ Fig. 1, but further comprising a second transparent container 54, for prefiltering the water 12.
  • the photosensitizer capsule or tablet 24 is inserted into the second container 54.
  • Second container 54 is in fluid communication with filter means 56 positioned thereab ⁇ ve, and receives filtered water 58 from filter means 56.
  • Filter means 56 is suitably comprised of a bed 60 of activated carbon particles.
  • the bed 60 acts as an adsorbent for microscopic particles which are responsible for unwanted taste and odor. Adsorption takes place in the lattices, or on the surfaces, ⁇ f the granular carbon. Filter bed 60 is replaced when exhausted.
  • filter means 56 also comprises a fine filter 62, arranged to reduce the level of entrained solids t ⁇ a level below 500 pp .
  • the fine solids filtering material is suitably made ⁇ f cellulose fibers or a tightly- woven cott ⁇ n fabric, to trap particles as small as 5 microns.
  • the second transparent container 54 is also exposable to solar radiation 15 including wavelengths in the visible part ⁇ f the spectrum, for acceleration of the oxidation of the microorganisms contained in the water.
  • Container 54 is provided with a water delivery means 64, such as the valve 66 shown, for transfer of filtered, irradiated water t ⁇ the first transparent container 14.
  • a transfer is carried out manually, either using an additional, hand-held vessel (not shown), or by supporting the open, first transparent container 14 under the open valve 66 during filling.
  • Fig. 6 illustrates a portable water purification system 68, similar to that shown in Fig. 5; however, the first transparent container 70 is connected by a conduit 72 and a valve 74 t ⁇ the second transparent container 76.
  • Conduit 72 thus provides a more convenient method of filling the first container 70.
  • Port 77 serves to allow the introduction of capsule or tablet 24 into the water in container 70.
  • a stand 79 may be also provided, for supporting the first container 70 at a height below that of second transparent container 75.
  • a portable water purification system 78 similar to that described above with reference to Fig. 5, but further comprising a third transparent container 80.
  • Container 80 acts a a filter housing, and is positioned above the second transparent container 82.
  • Filter means 56 is mounted in the third transparent container 80, and is arranged to feed filtered water 84 to the second transparent container 82.
  • a manually-powered air pumping means 86 arranged to allow raising the pressure in the third transparent container 80 and thereby increasing the water filtration rate.
  • Means 86 shown comprise a hand pump 88; a foot pump (not shown) could alternatively be used.
  • the increased pressure in the third container 80 is ⁇ f particular benefit when filter means 56 includes a very fine filter 62, which is used to remove very small particles. The additional pressure substantiality reduces the filtering time *

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte à un dispositif portable de purification de l'eau conçu pour la purification d'eau douce contenant des micro-organismes pathogènes. Ledit dispositif comporte au moins un récipient à eau(14) transparent susceptible d'être exposé au rayonnement solaire (15), et notamment à des longueurs d'onde de la partie visible du spectre dudit rayonnement, dans le but de provoquer l'oxydation desdits micro-organismes. L'invention se rapporte également à une capsule ou à un comprimé (24) contenant un agent photosensibilisant (26) non toxique et inerte, ledit agent photosensibilisant étant du type qui absorbe la lumière visible et qui transfert une partie de l'énergie issue du rayonnement visible absorbé de façon à accélérer l'oxydation des micro-organismes présents dans l'eau. Ledit dispositif comporte par ailleurs un organe (20) de distribution de l'eau en communication fluidique avec la partie inférieure du récipient.
PCT/GB1996/001900 1996-08-05 1996-08-05 Dispositif portable de purification de l'eau WO1998005594A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU66644/96A AU6664496A (en) 1996-08-05 1996-08-05 A portable water purification system
PCT/GB1996/001900 WO1998005594A1 (fr) 1996-08-05 1996-08-05 Dispositif portable de purification de l'eau

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/GB1996/001900 WO1998005594A1 (fr) 1996-08-05 1996-08-05 Dispositif portable de purification de l'eau

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1998005594A1 true WO1998005594A1 (fr) 1998-02-12

Family

ID=10787843

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1996/001900 WO1998005594A1 (fr) 1996-08-05 1996-08-05 Dispositif portable de purification de l'eau

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU6664496A (fr)
WO (1) WO1998005594A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001028933A1 (fr) * 1999-10-20 2001-04-26 The Royal College Of Surgeons In Ireland Gourde d'eau
US6827874B2 (en) 2000-06-27 2004-12-07 The Procter & Gamble Co. Water treatment compositions
EP1814602A1 (fr) * 2004-12-02 2007-08-08 Petra Wadström Contenant pour purifier l'eau au moyen de la lumiere solaire
US8292100B2 (en) 2010-05-14 2012-10-23 Aquasolix Corporation Method and apparatus for solar-based water disinfection
CN103991920A (zh) * 2014-05-20 2014-08-20 刘一鸣 基于光动力的饮用水消毒方法

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1432095A (en) * 1973-04-16 1976-04-14 Baylor College Medicine Photo-oxidation sterilization
US3951797A (en) * 1975-02-21 1976-04-20 Charles F. Kettering Foundation Photooxidative destruction of organic wastes
US4520072A (en) * 1979-02-28 1985-05-28 Asahi-Dow Limited Heterogeneous system photosensitive oxidation sensitizer
US4915683A (en) * 1986-11-21 1990-04-10 The Medical College Of Wisconsin, Inc. Antiviral method, agents and apparatus
AU665391B2 (en) * 1993-02-02 1996-01-04 Zvi Elgat A method for the purification of water

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1432095A (en) * 1973-04-16 1976-04-14 Baylor College Medicine Photo-oxidation sterilization
US3951797A (en) * 1975-02-21 1976-04-20 Charles F. Kettering Foundation Photooxidative destruction of organic wastes
US4520072A (en) * 1979-02-28 1985-05-28 Asahi-Dow Limited Heterogeneous system photosensitive oxidation sensitizer
US4915683A (en) * 1986-11-21 1990-04-10 The Medical College Of Wisconsin, Inc. Antiviral method, agents and apparatus
AU665391B2 (en) * 1993-02-02 1996-01-04 Zvi Elgat A method for the purification of water

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
GERBA ET AL: "Disinfection of wastewater by phytodynamic oxidation", JOURNAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FEDERATION, vol. 49, no. 4, 1977, WASHINGTON, pages 575 - 583, XP002029197 *

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001028933A1 (fr) * 1999-10-20 2001-04-26 The Royal College Of Surgeons In Ireland Gourde d'eau
US6827874B2 (en) 2000-06-27 2004-12-07 The Procter & Gamble Co. Water treatment compositions
EP1814602A1 (fr) * 2004-12-02 2007-08-08 Petra Wadström Contenant pour purifier l'eau au moyen de la lumiere solaire
US7837865B2 (en) * 2004-12-02 2010-11-23 Wadstroem Petra Container for purifying water by utilization of sunlight
EP1814602A4 (fr) * 2004-12-02 2013-11-06 Petra Wadstroem Contenant pour purifier l'eau au moyen de la lumiere solaire
US8292100B2 (en) 2010-05-14 2012-10-23 Aquasolix Corporation Method and apparatus for solar-based water disinfection
CN103991920A (zh) * 2014-05-20 2014-08-20 刘一鸣 基于光动力的饮用水消毒方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU6664496A (en) 1998-02-25

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