WO1998004619A1

WO1998004619A1 - Monoaxially stretched, biodegradable and compostable foil with improved properties

Info

Publication number: WO1998004619A1
Application number: PCT/EP1997/003743
Authority: WO
Inventors: Thomas Gernot; Dirk Schultze; Hermann Benkhoff; Helmut Wagner; Rainer Brandt; Gunter Weber
Original assignee: Wolff Walsrode Ag
Priority date: 1996-07-26
Filing date: 1997-07-14
Publication date: 1998-02-05
Also published as: JP2000516972A; AU3694697A; CN1226266A; IL128075A0; AU725049B2; BR9710603A; EP0914371A1; DE19630232A1; CA2261977A1; KR20000029555A

Abstract

A foil with a monoaxial orientation substantially consists of one or several polymers which are biologically degradable and compostable, as well as maximum 5 % by weight nucleating agents, maximum 5 % by weight common stabilisers and neutralisers, maximum 5 % by weight common internal lubricants and parting agents and maximum 5 % by weight common antigriping agents.

Description

Monoaxially stretched, biodegradable and compostable film with improved properties

The invention relates to a monoaxially stretched, biodegradable and compostable film.

It is known that certain polymeric materials can undergo biodegradation. Mainly materials to be mentioned here are those that are obtained from naturally occurring polymers directly or after modification, for example polyhydroxyalkanoates such as polyhydroxybutyrate, plastic celluloses, cellulose esters, plastic starches, chitosan and pullulan. A targeted variation of the polymer composition or the stucco, as it is desirable from the polymer application, is difficult and often only possible to a very limited extent due to the natural synthesis process.

However, many of the synthetic polymers are not attacked by microorganisms, or only very slowly. Mainly synthetic polymers that contain heteroatoms in the main chain are considered to be potentially biodegradable. An important class within these materials are the polyesters. Synthetic raw materials that only contain aliphatic monomers have a relatively good biodegradability, but can only be used to a very limited extent due to their material properties; see Witt et al. in Macrom. Chem. Phys., 195 (1994) pp. 793-802. Aromatic polyesters, on the other hand, show significantly deteriorated, biodegradability with good material properties.

Various biodegradable polymers have been known recently (see DE 44 32 161). These have the property that they are easy to process thermoplastically and, on the other hand, are biodegradable, ie their entire polymer chain is broken down by microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) by means of enzymes and completely broken down into carbon dioxide, water and biomass. A corresponding test in a natural environment under the influence of microorganisms, such as that prevailing in compost, is given in DIN 54 900, among others. Due to their thermoplastic behavior, these biodegradable materials can be processed into semi-finished products such as cast or blown films. However, the use of these semi-finished products is very limited. For one thing, these films are characterized by poor mechanical Properties from and on the other hand, the barrier properties with regard to water vapor and gases are very poor compared to films made from typical, but not biodegradable plastics such as polyethylene, polypropylene or polyamide.

The object of the present invention is to produce a biodegradable and compostable film with improved mechanical and optical properties as well as improved splice properties. This goal is achieved by subjecting a biodegradable and compostable polymer or a mixture of several biodegradable and compostable polymers to a monoaxial orientation

"Biodegradable and compostable polymers or films" are understood in the sense of this invention goods that are tested for "biodegradability" according to the test according to DIN 54 900 from the 1996 draft.

It was surprising for the inventor that these biodegradable polymers can also be oriented monoaxially in addition to thermoplastic processing, and that this orientation process can significantly improve the physical properties of the film. This includes a significant increase in strength, an improvement in the optical properties and an improved splicing property of the film.

The invention relates to a film which has a monoaxial orientation and consists of one or more all biodegradable and compostable polymers and additionally with a maximum of 5% by weight of nucleating agents and a maximum of 5% by weight of the usual stabilizers and neutralizing agents and a maximum of 5% by weight. the usual lubricants and release agents and a maximum of 5% by weight of the usual antiblocking agents

In a special form, the film can additionally be treated with a corona and / or flame and / or plasma pretreatment and / or an oxidative substance and / or a depositable / depositable substance and / or a mixture of substances with an oxidative effect and / or depositable substances , e.g. B. gases with radical components such as ozone or a plasma-excited gas mixture of, for example, hexamethyldisiloxane with nitrogen (N- _> ) and / or oxygen (O ₂ ), are treated on the surface. The surface pretreatments mentioned are preferably carried out according to the biaxial orientation. The monoaxial orientation takes place in the case of amorphous thermoplastics in temperature ranges above the glass transition temperature and in the case of partially plastic thermoplastics below the crystallite melting temperature

The invention also relates to the use of certain biodegradable and compostable polymers or a mixture of these polymers for the production of the film

Suitable polymers are:

Aliphatic and partially aromatic polyester

A) linear bifunctional alcohols, for example ethylene glycol, hexanediol or preferably butanediol, and / or optionally cycloaliphatic bifunctional alcohols, for example cyclohexanedimethanol and additionally, if appropriate, small amounts of high-functionality alcohols, for example 1,2,3-propanetriol or neopentyl glycol, and also from linear bifunctional acids , for example succinic acid or adipic acid. and / or optionally cycloaliphatic bifunctional acids, for example cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, and / or optionally aromatic bifunctional acids, for example terephthalic acid or isophthalic acid or naphthalenediocarboxylic acid, and additionally optionally small amounts of high-functional acids, for example Tπmelhtsaure, or

B) from acid and alcohol-functionalized building blocks, for example hydroxybutyric acid or hydroxyvalene acid, or their derivatives, for example ε-caprolactone,

or a mixture or a copolymer of A and B

the aromatic acids make up no more than 50% by weight based on all acids

The acids can also be used in the form of derivatives, for example acid chloride or esters Aliphatic polyester urethanes

C) an ester fraction from linear bifunctional alcohols, for example ethylene glycol, butanediol, hexanediol, preferably butanediol, and / or optionally cycloaliphatic bifunctional alcohols, for example cyclohexanedimethanol, and additionally optionally small amounts of high-functionality alcohols, for example 1,2,3-propanetriol or neopentyl glycol , and from linear bifunctional acids, for example succinic acid or adipic acid, and / or optionally cycloaliphatic and / or aromatic bifunctional acids, for example cyclohexanediocarboxylic acid and terephthalic acid, and additionally, if appropriate, small amounts of highly functional acids, for example trimellitic acid, or

D) an ester fraction from acid and alcohol-functionalized building blocks, for example hydroxybutyric acid and hydroxyvalane acid, or their derivatives, for example ε-caprolactone,

or a mixture or a copolymer of C) and D) and

E) from the reaction product of C) and / or D) with aliphatic and / or cycloaliphatic bifunctional isocyanates and additionally optionally higher-functional isocyanates, for example tetramethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, and optionally additionally with linear and / or cycloaliphatic bifunctional functions Alcohols, for example ethylene glycol. Butanediol, hexanediol, neopentylglucol, cyclohexanedimethanol,

wherein the ester content C) and / or D) is at least 75% by weight based on the sum of C), D) and E)

Aliphatic-aromatic polyester carbonates

F) an ester fraction from linear bifunctional alcohols, for example ethylene glycol, butanediol, hexanediol, preferably butanediol, and / or cycloaliphatic bifunctional alcohols, for example cyclohexane-dimethanol, and additionally, if appropriate, small amounts of higher-frequency tional alcohols, for example 1,2,3-propanetriol or neopentyl glycol, and from linear bifunctional acids, for example succinic acid or adipic acid, and / or optionally cycloaliphatic bifunctional acids, for example cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, and additionally, if appropriate, small amounts of highly functional acids, for example

Tπmellitsaure, or

G) from an ester fraction from acid and alcohol-functionalized building blocks, for example hydroxybutyric acid or hydroxyvalenic acid, or their derivatives, for example ε-caprolactone,

or a mixture or a copolymer of F) and G) and

H) a carbonate component which is produced from aromatic bifunctional phenols, preferably bisphenol A and carbonate donors, for example phosgene,

wherein the ester fraction F) and / or G) is at least 70% by weight based on the sum of F), G) and H)

Aliphatic polyester amides

I) an ester fraction from linear and / or cycloaliphatic bifunctional alcohols, for example ethylene glycol, hexanediol or butanediol. preferably butanediol or cyclohexanedimethanol, and optionally small amounts of high-functional alcohols, for example

1,2,3-propanetriol or neopentylgycol, and from linear and / or cycloaliphatic bifunctional acids, for example succinic acid, adipic acid, cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, preferably adipic acid and additional, if appropriate, small amounts of highly functional acids, for example tπmellitic acid, or

K) from an ester fraction from acid and alcohol-functionalized building blocks, for example hydroxybutyric acid or hydroxyvalenic acid, or their derivatives, for example ε-caprolactone,

or a mixture or a copolymer of I) and K) and L) an amide component from linear and / or cycloaliphatic bifunctional and additionally optionally small amounts of higher-functional amines, for example tetramethylendiamine, hexamethylenediamine, isophorondiamine, and from linear and / or cycloaliphatic bifunctional acids and, if appropriate, small amounts of highly functional acids, for example succinic acid or adipic acid, or

M) from an amide portion of acid- and amine-functionalized building blocks, preferably ω-laurolactam and particularly preferably ε-caprolactam,

or a mixture of L) and M) as an amide component,

wherein the ester fraction I) and / or K) at least 30% by weight based on the

Sum of I), K), L) and M).

The biodegradable and compostable raw materials according to the invention can contain a maximum of 5% by weight of nucleating agents typically used for polyester (for example 1,5-naphthalenedisodium sulfonate or layered silicates, for example talc, or nucleating agents of the nanoparticle size, i.e. medium

Particle diameter <1 μm, from, for example, titanium nitride, aluminum hydroxyl hydrate, barium sulfate or zirconium compounds) and with a maximum of 5% by weight of the usual stabilizers and neutralizing agents and with a maximum of 5% by weight of the usual lubricants and release agents and a maximum of 5% by weight of the usual Antiblocking agent, equipped and possibly with a corona or flame or

Plasma pretreatment or an oxidizing substance or mixture of substances, for example gases with radical components such as ozone or a plasma-excited gas mixture of, for example, hexamethyldisiloxane with nitrogen (N ₂ ) and / or oxygen (O ₂ ), have been treated on the surface.

The usual stabilizing compounds for polyester compounds can be used as stabilizers and neutralizing agents. The maximum amount added is 5% by weight.

Particularly suitable stabilizers are phenolic stabilizers, alkali

Alkaline stearates and / or alkali / alkaline earth carbonates. Phenolic stabilizers are preferred in an amount of 0 to 3% by weight, in particular 0.15 to 0.3% by weight and with a molar mass of more than 500 g / mol. Pentaerythrityl- Tetrakis-3 (3,5-di-tertiary-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate or 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris (3,5-di-tertiary-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) benzene particularly advantageous.

Neutralizing agents are preferably dihydrotalcite, calcium stearate, calcium carbonate and / or calcium montanate with an average particle size of at most 0.7 μm, an absolute particle size of less than 10 μm and a specific one

Surface area of at least 40 m ² / g.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the film has a nucleating agent content of 0.0001 to 2% by weight and a stabilizer and neutralizing agent content of 0.0001 to 2% by weight.

Lubricants and release agents are higher aliphatic amides, tertiary amines, aliphatic acid amides, higher aliphatic acid esters, low molecular weight, polar-modified waxes. Montan waxes, cyclic waxes, phthalates, metal soaps and silicone oils The addition of higher aliphatic acid amides and silicone oils is particularly suitable

The aliphatic amides include, in particular, the supply forms of

Suitable from ethylene amide to stearyl amide. Aliphatic acid amides are amides of a water-insoluble monocarboxylic acid (so-called fatty acids) with 8 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably 10 to 18 carbon atoms. Erucasaureamide, stearic acid amide and oleic acid amide are preferred among them

Also suitable as release agents or lubricants are compounds that both

Contain ester and amide groups, such as stearamide ethyl stearate or 2 stear amido ethyl stearate.

A number of different compounds fall under the name montan waxes. See Neumüller et al. in Rompps Chemie-Lexikon, Franckh ^' sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart, 1974

Examples of suitable cyclic waxes are components such as cyclic adipic acid tetramethylene esters or 16-dioxa-2.7-dioxocyclododecane, or the homologous hexamethylene derivative. Such substances are known as commercial products with the name Glycolube VL Suitable silicone oils are polydialkylsiloxanes, preferably polydimethylsiloxane, polymethylphenylsiloxane, olefin-modified silicone, silicone modified with polyethers such as, for. B. polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol and epoxyamino- and alcohol-modified silicone. The viscosity of the suitable silicone oils is in the range from 5,000 to 1,000,000 mm ^{2 /} s polydimenthylsiloxane with a viscosity of 10,000 to 100,000 mm ^{2 /} s is preferred

The amount of lubricant added is a maximum of 5% by weight. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the film, it has a lubricant content of 0.005 to 4% by weight. In a very particularly preferred embodiment of the film, it has a lubricant content of 0.05 to 1% by weight.

Suitable antiblocking agents are both inorganic and organic additives which, after the monoaxial stretching, protrude from the surface of the foal and thus produce a spacer effect

In a preferred form, the following substances are used as inorganic antiblocking agents

Aluminum hydroxide

Aluminum silicates, for example kaolin or kaolin clay,

Aluminum oxides, for example Θ-aluminum oxide

Aluminum sulfate ceramics made of silica aluminum oxides

Tree sulfate natural and synthetic silica

Layered silicates, for example asbestos,

Silicon dioxide Calcium carbonate of the calcite type

Calcium phosphate

Magnesium sihkate

Magnesium carbonate

Magnesium oxide Titanium dioxide

zinc oxide

Micro glass balls and the following substances used as organic antiblocking agents organic polymers incompatible with the biodegradable polymer such as

Strength

Polystyrene polyamides

Polycarbonate crosslinked and uncrosslinked polymethyl methacrylate crosslinked polysiloxane (e.g. Tospearl) polar modified polyethylene (e.g. maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene) polar modified polypropylene (e.g. maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene) statistical copolymer based on ethylene or propylene with vinylal or propylene

Vinyl acetate or acrylic acid or acrylic acid ester or methacrylic acid or

Methacrylic acid esters or metal salts of methacrylic acid or metal salts of methacrylic acid esters

Benzoguanamine formaldehyde polymers aliphatic and partially aromatic polyesters with different melting points than that

Film raw material aliphatic polyester amides with different melting points than the film raw material aliphatic polyester urethanes with different melting points than the film raw material aliphatic-aromatic polyester carbonates with different melting points than that

Foil raw material

The effective amount of antiblocking agent is in the range up to a maximum of 5% by weight. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the film contains 0.005 to 4% by weight of antiblocking agent. In a very particularly preferred embodiment, the film contains

0.05 to 1% by weight of antiblocking agent The average particle size is between 1 and 6 μm, in particular 2 and 5 μm, particles with a spherical shape, as in EP-A-0 236 945 and DE-A-38 01 535. are particularly suitable. Combinations of different spacer systems are also particularly suitable.

According to the processes previously used, the polymers for the film provided with additives are provided with the desired amounts by weight of organic or inorganic fillers in the production of raw materials. This takes place when granulating the raw material, for example in twin-screw extruders, where the additives are added to the raw material Additization is also possible in that part or all of the necessary additives are added to a raw material that has not or only partially been finished in the form of a masterbatch. In the context of the present invention, the term masterbatch means a masterbatch, in particular a granular, dust-free concentrate of a plastic raw material with high

Amounts of additives that are used in the mass preparation as an intermediate product (as a material additive to a granulate that is not or only partially or incompletely equipped with additives) in order to produce films that contain a certain amount of additives. The masterbatch is prepared before the Polymer granules are mixed in the extruder in such amounts to the raw materials which are not or only partially or incompletely equipped with additives, so that the desired percentages by weight of fillers are achieved in the films

The preferred materials from which the masterbatches are made in addition to the additives are substances that are compatible with the biodegradable raw materials mentioned in this invention. In a particularly preferred form, the materials from which the masterbatches are made in addition to the additives are also biological degradable materials

In corona treatment, the procedure is expediently such that the film is felt through between two conductor elements serving as electrodes, such a high voltage, usually alternating voltage (approximately 5 to 20 kV and 5 to 30 kHz), being applied between the electrodes that spray or corona discharges can take place The spray or corona discharge ionizes the air above the film surface and reacts with the molecules of the film surface, so that additional polar inclusions in the

Polymer matrix arise

For flame treatment with polarized flame (cf. US-A-4,622,237), an electrical direct voltage is applied between a burner (negative pole) and a cooling roller. The amount of the voltage applied is between 400 and 3,000 V, preferably it is in the range from 500 to 2,000 V The applied voltage gives the ionized atoms increased acceleration and hits the polymer surface with greater kinetic energy. The chemical bonds within the polymer molecule are broken more easily and the formation of radicals takes place more quickly. The load on the polymer is much lower than in the standard flame treatment, and films can be obtained in which the sealing properties of the treated side are even better than those of the untreated side.

In a plasma pretreatment, gases, e.g. B

Oxygen or nitrogen or carbon dioxide or methane or halogenated hydrocarbons or silane compounds or higher molecular weight compounds or mixtures thereof, a high-energy field, e.g. B. microwave radiation exposed. High-energy electrons are created, which hit the molecules and transfer their energies. This creates local radical structures, the excitation states of which correspond to temperatures of a few tens of thousands of degrees Celsius, even though the plasma itself is almost at room temperature. This makes it possible to break chemical bonds and initiate reactions that can normally only take place at high temperatures. Monomer radicals and ions are formed. The resulting monomer radicals form - partly in plasma - short-chain oligomers, which then condense and polymerize on the surface to be coated. A homogeneous film is deposited on the coating material.

However, before the monomer radicals or ions deposit on the substrate, there is also the option of adding a further material flow to the excited molecules in the so-called after-glow zone. This makes it possible to produce a substance or a mixture of substances which, when it strikes the polymer film surface, produces an oxidative attack on the substrate polymers. A glass-like and mostly highly cross-linked layer is formed, which with the

Foil surface is firmly connected. With a suitable material composition, this results in an increase in the surface tension on the film

The invention furthermore relates to the use of a certain class of materials of the biodegradable and compostable polymers for the production of the film, this class of material being polyester amide. The film according to the invention can be produced from a polyester amide or a mixture of different polyester amides. The invention also relates to a method for producing the film according to the invention. This process is characterized in that the biodegradable and compostable materials are first broken down by the action of heat and shear, this melt is discharged in a tool, cooled to solidification, then in the case of partially crystalline materials

Materials are tempered to temperatures below the crystallite melt temperature and, in the case of amorphous materials, above the glass transition temperature and then monoaxially stretched one or more times. After the stretching step or steps, the film can optionally be fixed in each case. After the stretching processes and the possibly prevailing fixing stages, the film thus produced can possibly be pretreated in-line. The pretreatment can be carried out with a corona, a flame, a plasma or an oxidative substance or mixture of substances, e.g. gases with radical components such as ozone or a plasma-excited gas mixture from, for example, hexamethyldisiloxane with nitrogen (N ₂ ) and / or oxygen (O ₂ ), in such a way that there is an increase in the surface tension on the film

In an even more preferred form of the film according to the invention, the monoaxial stretching is characterized in that the total stretch ratio in the longitudinal direction 1. 1, 5 to 1 15 amounts

In an even more preferred form of the film according to the invention, the monoaxial stretching is characterized in that the total stretching ratio in the longitudinal direction is 1 2.8 to 1 8

In an even more preferred form of the film according to the invention, it has a thickness which is less than 500 μm

In an even more preferred form of the film according to the invention, it has a thickness which is less than 80 μm

The invention also relates to the use of the film according to the invention. This film is used as a solo film in pretreated or untreated as well as in printed or unprinted form for packaging in the food and non-food sectors or as a solo film in pretreated or untreated form Greenhouse covers or mulch foals in the fields of horticulture or agriculture or sacked for storage and transportation of goods, e.g. biomull, or as a solo film in pretreated or untreated form for protective and separating functions in connection with cosmetics and hygiene articles, e.g. for baby diapers or sanitary napkins, or as Solo film in pretreated or untreated form for surface protection or surface finishing in the area of cardboard, paper and pen window lamination or as a refined film that can be used in pretreated or untreated as well as printed or unprinted form and with adhesive as a label or adhesive tape Consideration To improve pressure liability or

The film surface can be bonded during manufacture and / or subsequently during further processing with a corona, a flame, a plasma or another oxidative substance or mixture of substances, for example gases with radical components such as ozone or a plasma-excited gas mixture of, for example, hexamethyldisiloxane with nitrogen (N,) and / or

Oxygen (O ₂ ), pretreated in such a way that there is an increase in the surface tension

The invention furthermore relates to the use of the film according to the invention as a coated film or in a film composite. The other films in the composite may be non-degradable films or else biodegradable and compostable films. In addition, the coating or adhesives used can be both belong to the normal non-degradable systems as well as to the biodegradable and compostable raw materials

In a particularly preferred form of use of these according to the invention

For the production of the coated film or a film composite, only substances are used that are biodegradable and compostable, so that the overall composite is also biodegradable and compostable

The invention furthermore relates to the use of the film according to the invention or the coated film or the composite as a starting material for the production of tapes or tear strips by cutting open the film or the coated film or the composite in a further working step The invention furthermore relates to the use of the tapes according to the invention for the production of fabrics or braids or knitted fabrics or nonwovens.

example 1

A biodegradable polyester amide with a melt viscosity of 250 Pas at 190 ° C (measured according to DIN 54 81 1 - B) and a melting point of 125 ° C measured according to ISO 3146 / C2, which has a lubricant content of 1% by weight and an antiblock content of 0 , 1% by weight was among the following

Process parameters stretched monoaxially The maximum extrusion temperature was 205 ° C. The extruder temperature zones were accordingly heated to a maximum of 182 ° C and the mold to a maximum of 205 ° C. The melt was cooled as a flat film on a cooling roller mill at roller temperatures of 20 ° C. A solid thick film was formed, which in the next procedural step

Tempeπerwalzen at temperatures of 65 ° C to the stretching temperature was heated The actual stretching rollers were operated at a temperature of 70 ° C The flat film was in two stages once by the ratio 1 1.5 and then by the ratio of 1 3.25 in the longitudinal direction stretched This resulted in a total stretch ratio of 1 4,875 die in the longitudinal direction

Post-heating rollers over which the film then ran had a temperature of 85 ° C. The production speed after stretching was 30.0 m / min. A film with a thickness of 30 μm could be produced

Comparative Example 1

The same biodegradable polyester amide from Examples 1 and 2 was processed on a foal blowing system. The melt temperature measured at the die outlet was 152 ° C. The cylinder temperature of the extruder was regulated to max. 145 ° C. and the die to 145 ° C. The diameter of the die used was 400 mm. The bed width of the finished film was 950 mm. It was produced at a take-off speed of 6.3 m / min

The thickness of the blown film was 30 μm

The following physical properties and compostability were measured on the manufactured samples as follows

Mechanical properties The mechanical great tensile strength and elongation at break in both the longitudinal and transverse directions were determined in accordance with DIN 53 455 on the samples. The modulus of elasticity in the longitudinal and transverse directions was determined in accordance with DIN 53 457 The thickness of the individual samples was determined according to DIN 53 370. To determine the puncture force and the puncture path, the samples were analyzed after the biaxial puncture test according to DIN 53 373

Splice property The splice property of the finished film is determined using an approx. 5 mm long

Incisions in the longitudinal direction of the film and a qualitative assessment by a manual tear attempt are evaluated. A film that can be torn "straight" in the longitudinal direction over a length of 100 mm is defined as "good" to be splicable. The term "straight" means the following Crack must not exceed an idealized straight line over a length of 100 mm

5 mm deviate

Optics

The surface gloss was determined as optical properties on the films in accordance with DIN 67 530 at a test angle of 20 ° and the haze was determined in accordance with ASTM D 1003. The gloss measurement was carried out on both sides of the film. The values determined were then used to form an average and reported as the result

Compostability

The compostability was carried out in accordance with the test requirements of the DIN draft standard DIN 54 900 part 3 from 1996 on the basis of

The results of the examination are classified according to the DIN specifications in the appropriate class

The results of the tests on the samples from Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 are listed in Table 1

Table 1

Example 1 Comparative Example 1

Mechanical properties

Thickness [μm] 30 30

Young's modulus along [MPa] 470 296

E-module transverse [MPa] 610 392

Longitudinal tensile strength [MPa] 165 61

Tear strength across [MPa] 22 50

Elongation at break along [%] 50 388

Elongation at break across [%] 750 639

Puncture force [N] 102 47

Puncture path [mm] 13.6 38

Splice quality qualitative splice good bad

Optics

Gloss [GE] 94 3, 1

Turbidity [%] 5.8 38.9

Compostability

Biodegradability yes yes

Claims

claims

1 film, characterized in that it has a monoaxial orientation and that it consists essentially of one or more all biodegradable and compostable polymers and additionally with a maximum of 5% by weight of nucleating agents and a maximum of 5

% By weight of the usual stabilizers and neutralizing agents and a maximum of 5% by weight of the usual lubricants and release agents and a maximum of 5% by weight of the usual antiblocking agents

2 film, according to claim 1, characterized in that it with a corona and / or flame and / or plasma pretreatment and / or an oxidative substance and / or a depositable / depositable substance and / or a mixture of substances having an oxidative effect and / or accumulative substances is treated on the surface

3 film, according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that it is in the or the biodegradable polymers to aliphatic and partially aromatic polyester

aliphatic and partially aromatic polyester

A) linear bifunctional alcohols and / or optionally cycloaliphatic bifunctional alcohols and additionally, if appropriate, small amounts of high-functionality alcohols and from linear bifunctional acids and / or optionally cycloaliphatic bifunctional acids and / or optionally aromatic bifunctional acids and additionally optionally small amounts of highly functional acids or

B) from acid and alcohol functionalized building blocks or their

Derivatives

or a mixture or a copolymer of A) and B),

the aromatic acids making up no more than 50% by weight, based on all acids, or of aliphatic polyester urethanes

C) an ester fraction from linear bifunctional alcohols and / or optionally cycloaliphatic bifunctional alcohols and additionally optionally small amounts of highly functional alcohols and from linear bifunctional acids and / or optionally cycloaliphatic and / or aromatic bifunctional acids and additionally optionally small amounts of highly functional acids or

D) from an ester fraction from acid and alcohol-functionalized building blocks or their derivatives

or a mixture or a copolymer of C) and D) and

E) from the reaction product of C) and / or D) with aliphatic and / or cycloaliphatic bifunctional isocyanates and, if appropriate, additionally higher-functional isocyanates and, if appropriate, additionally with linear and / or cycloaliphatic bifunctional and / or higher-functional alcohols,

wherein the ester fraction C) and / or D) is at least 75% by weight based on the sum of C), D) and E), or from

aliphatic-aromatic polyester carbonates

F) an ester fraction from linear bifunctional alcohols and / or cycloaliphatic bifunctional alcohols and, if appropriate, additionally small amounts of highly functional alcohols and from linear bifunctional acids and / or optionally cycloaliphatic bifunctional acids and additionally optionally small amounts of highly functional acids or

G) from an ester fraction from acid and alcohol-functionalized building blocks or their derivatives

or a mixture or a copolymer of F) and G) and H) a carbonate fraction which is produced from aromatic bifunctional phenols and carbonate donors,

wherein the ester fraction F) and / or G) is at least 70% by weight based on the sum of F), G) and H), or from

aliphatic polyester amides

I) an ester fraction from linear and / or cycloaliphatic bifunctional alcohols and additionally, if appropriate, small amounts of high-functionality alcohols and from linear and / or cycloaliphatic bifunctional acids and additional, if appropriate, small amounts of high-functionality acids or

K) from an ester fraction from acid- and alcohol-functionalized building blocks or their derivatives

or a mixture or a copolymer of I) and K) and

L) an amide content of linear and / or cycloaliphatic bifunctional and additionally optionally small amounts of highly functional amines and of linear and / or cycloaliphatic bifunctional and additionally optionally small amounts of highly functional acids or

M) from an amide portion of acid and amine functionalized building blocks

or a mixture of L) and M) as an amide component,

wherein the ester content I) and / or K) is at least 30% by weight based on the sum of I), K), L) and M)

Film according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it is the biodegradable and compostable polymers

Polyester amides

5. Film according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the proportion of lubricants is in the range of 0.005 to 4% by weight and the proportion of antiblocking particles is in the range of 0.005 to 4% by weight.

6 film according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the proportion of lubricants in the range of 0.05 to 1 wt.% And the proportion of

Antiblock particles are in the range of 0.05 to 1% by weight

7 film according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the biodegradable and compostable materials are first disrupted by the action of heat and shear, this melt is discharged in a tool, cooled to solidification, then in the case of partially solid materials to temperatures below the Kπstaliit- melt temperature and, in the case of amorphous materials, tempered above the gloss transition temperatures and then stretched one or more monoaxially and possibly fixed after the individual stretching or steps and possibly surface-treated after these stretching and fixing processes

8 film according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the total stretching ratio in the longitudinal direction is 1 1.5 to 1 15

9 film according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the total stretch ratio in the longitudinal direction 1. 2.8 to 1.8

10 film according to claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the film thickness is less than 500 microns

1 1 film according to claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the film thickness is less than 80 microns

12 Use of the film according to claims 1 to 1 1 as a solo film in pretreated or untreated and in printed or unprinted form for packaging in the areas of food or non-food or as a solo film in pretreated or untreated form for greenhouse covers or mulch films in the fields of horticulture or Agriculture or sacked for storage and transportation of Goods or as a solo film in pretreated or untreated as well as in printed or unprinted form for protective and separating functions in connection with cosmetics and hygiene articles or as a solo film in pretreated or untreated form for surface protection or surface finishing in the area of cardboard, paper and letter windows lamination or as a finished film in pretreated or untreated as well as in printed or unprinted form and provided with adhesive as a label or adhesive strip

13 Use of the film according to claims 1 to 1 1 for the production of coated films or composites or laminates from the same or other biodegradable and compostable films or with other non-biodegradable film types, the coating or adhesives used not being necessary must be biodegradable and compostable

14 Use of the film according to claim 1 to 1 1 and 13, characterized in that all the films and coatings and adhesives used in the composite or laminate or in the coated film are biodegradable and compostable and thus the composite or the laminate itself is also biodegradable and is compostable

15 Use of the film according to claims 1 to 1 1, 13 and 14, characterized in that the film according to the invention or the coated film or the composite or the lamint is cut open in a further working step for the production of tapes or tear strips

16 Use of the film according to claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the tapes according to the invention for the production of fabrics or

Braids or knitted fabrics or non-woven fabrics can be used