WO1998000374A1 - An explosive - Google Patents

An explosive Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998000374A1
WO1998000374A1 PCT/EP1997/003374 EP9703374W WO9800374A1 WO 1998000374 A1 WO1998000374 A1 WO 1998000374A1 EP 9703374 W EP9703374 W EP 9703374W WO 9800374 A1 WO9800374 A1 WO 9800374A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
oil
native
ammonium nitrate
explosive
fat
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1997/003374
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Hans H. Meyer
Original Assignee
Dynamit Nobel Gmbh Explosivstoff- Und Systemtechnik
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dynamit Nobel Gmbh Explosivstoff- Und Systemtechnik filed Critical Dynamit Nobel Gmbh Explosivstoff- Und Systemtechnik
Priority to EP97929300A priority Critical patent/EP0909264A1/en
Priority to AU33449/97A priority patent/AU3344997A/en
Publication of WO1998000374A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998000374A1/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B31/00—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
    • C06B31/28—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate
    • C06B31/30—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate with vegetable matter; with resin; with rubber

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an explosive based on ammonium nitrate.
  • Powdery mixtures of ammonium nitrate (ammonium nitrate) and carbon carriers, so-called PAC, ANC, ANFO or ANDEX explosives, are preferably made from ammonium nitrate and liquid hydrocarbons. They are usually used in an uninterrupted charging station and through vertical drill holes Pour and load into horizontal boreholes by blowing from a blower with a hose. Good flowability is a prerequisite for this. To ensure this, the ammonium nitrate is used in crystalline form, in the form of pellets or as granules. The Phils used are spheres with a diameter of 1 to 2 mm. All forms of the ammonium nitrate used must be porous in order to absorb the liquid hydrocarbons
  • Mineral oils are generally used as hydrocarbons, preferably diesel oil.
  • the commonly used PAC, ANC, ANFO or ANDEX explosives consist of 94% ammonium nitrate and about 6% diesel oil. They have an approximately balanced oxygen balance.
  • Mineral oils are among the hard-to-decompose hydrocarbons and lead to considerable environmental pollution even with normal use of the PAC, ANC, ANFO or ANDEX explosives.
  • the explosive comes into contact with water, the mineral oil can directly pollute the environment although the explosives are normally not used, it cannot always be avoided that the explosives come into contact with water at the place of use. Part of the ammonium nitrate then dissolves in water, while the mineral oil is released and pollutes the environment
  • the object of the present invention was therefore to provide a PAC, ANC, ANFO or ANDEX explosive which does not have these disadvantages.
  • the explosive according to the invention consists of ammonium nitrate, which is impregnated with at least one native fat.
  • Native fats are all fats that come from renewable sources, as well as the easily degradable esters of these fats.
  • glycerides in particular glycerides from straight-chain fatty acid chains with 3 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably tallow, corn oil, coconut oil, cottonseed oil, olive oil, palm oil, canola oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil Oil, linseed oil, tung oil, peanut oil, safflower oil and rapeseed oil, their mixtures, their readily degradable esters, preferably their methyl esters, and mixtures of native fats and their easily degradable esters are used. Rapeseed oil and / or rapeseed oil methyl ester are particularly preferably used.
  • native fats can be used in amounts that are usually used in the known PAC, ANC, ANFO or ANDEX explosives.
  • 93 to 95% ammonium nitrate, preferably in the form of porous prills, are preferably mixed with 5 to 7% native fat.
  • the mixing process is preferably carried out in a mixer in which the ammonium nitrate prills can be brought into a suspended state.
  • the native fat is then injected into this mixer.
  • the injection can be carried out using a suitable gas, preferably using air.
  • One embodiment of the method according to the invention provides for the native fat to be dissolved in suitable solvents before it is injected into the mixer. This embodiment is particularly suitable when using solid native fats.
  • the solvent is then removed, for example by evaporation, after the porous prills have absorbed the native fat through the mixing process.
  • Another embodiment provides for the mixing process to be carried out with the addition of heat.
  • the native fat is also heated before it is injected into the mixer.
  • the explosive according to the invention is a handling-safe, environmentally friendly explosive which can be used in the same way as the known PAC, ANC, ANFO or ANDEX explosives. Due to its good flow properties, it can be blown into boreholes or loaded pneumatically. In contrast to the commonly used mineral oils, the native fat breaks down better and does not pollute the environment. Even if the explosive according to the invention comes into contact with groundwater or surface water, it is not contaminated by non-degradable mineral oils.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
  • Edible Oils And Fats (AREA)

Abstract

The subject matter of the present invention is an explosive based on ammonium nitrate in which the ammonium nitrate has been impregnated with at least one natural fat.

Description

Sprengstoff explosive
Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein Sprengstoff auf Basis von Ammoniumnitrat.The present invention relates to an explosive based on ammonium nitrate.
Pulverformige Gemische aus Ammoniumnitrat (Ammonsalpeter) und Kohlenstoff- Trägern, sogenannte PAC-, ANC-, ANFO- oder ANDEX-Sprengstoffe, werden vorzugsweise aus Ammoniumnitrat und flussigen Kohlenwasserstoffen hergestellt Sie werden in der Regel in ununterbrochener Ladesaule angewendet und in senk- rechte Bohrlocher durch Schütten und in waagerechte Bohrlöcher durch Einblasen aus Blasgeräten mit Schlauch geladen Hierfür ist eine gute Rieselfahigkeit Voraussetzung. Um dies zu gewährleisten, wird das Ammoniumnitrat kristallin, in Form von Pπlls oder als Granulat eingesetzt Die eingesetzten Phils sind Kügel- chen mit 1 bis 2 mm Durchmesser. Alle Formen des eingesetzten Ammoniumni- trats müssen porös sein, um die flussigen Kohlenwasserstoffe aufzusaugenPowdery mixtures of ammonium nitrate (ammonium nitrate) and carbon carriers, so-called PAC, ANC, ANFO or ANDEX explosives, are preferably made from ammonium nitrate and liquid hydrocarbons. They are usually used in an uninterrupted charging station and through vertical drill holes Pour and load into horizontal boreholes by blowing from a blower with a hose. Good flowability is a prerequisite for this. To ensure this, the ammonium nitrate is used in crystalline form, in the form of pellets or as granules. The Phils used are spheres with a diameter of 1 to 2 mm. All forms of the ammonium nitrate used must be porous in order to absorb the liquid hydrocarbons
Als Kohlenwasserstoffe werden in der Regel Mineralöle, vorzugsweise wird Dieselöl eingesetzt. Die üblicherweise verwendeten PAC-, ANC-, ANFO- oder ANDEX-Sprengstoffe bestehen aus 94 % Ammoniumnitrat und etwa 6 % Dieselöl Sie besitzen eine ungefähr ausgeglichene Sauerstoffbilanz.Mineral oils are generally used as hydrocarbons, preferably diesel oil. The commonly used PAC, ANC, ANFO or ANDEX explosives consist of 94% ammonium nitrate and about 6% diesel oil. They have an approximately balanced oxygen balance.
Mineralöle zählen zu den schwer abbaubaren Kohlenwasserstoffen und führen bereits beim normalen Einsatz der PAC-, ANC-, ANFO- oder ANDEX-Sprengstoffe zu nicht geringen Umweltbelastungen Kommt der Sprengstoff jedoch mit Wasser in Berührung, kann das Mineralöl direkt die Umwelt belasten In wasserführenden Bohrlöchern wird der Sprengstoff zwar normalerweise nicht eingesetzt Doch läßt es sich nicht immer vermeiden, daß der Sprengstoff am Einsatzort mit Wasser in Berührung kommt. Dabei löst sich dann ein Teil des Ammoniumnitrats in Wasser, während das Mineralöl freigesetzt wird und die Umwelt belastet Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung war daher, einen PAC-, ANC-, ANFO- oder ANDEX-Sprengstoff bereitzustellen, der diese Nachteile nicht aufweist.Mineral oils are among the hard-to-decompose hydrocarbons and lead to considerable environmental pollution even with normal use of the PAC, ANC, ANFO or ANDEX explosives. However, if the explosive comes into contact with water, the mineral oil can directly pollute the environment although the explosives are normally not used, it cannot always be avoided that the explosives come into contact with water at the place of use. Part of the ammonium nitrate then dissolves in water, while the mineral oil is released and pollutes the environment The object of the present invention was therefore to provide a PAC, ANC, ANFO or ANDEX explosive which does not have these disadvantages.
Gelöst wurde die der Erfindung zugrundeliegende Aufgabe durch einen Spreng- stoff mit den Merkmalen des Hauptanspruchs. Vorzugsweise Ausgestaltungen sind in den Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet.The object on which the invention is based was achieved by an explosive with the features of the main claim. Refinements are preferably characterized in the subclaims.
Der erfindungsgemäße Sprengstoff besteht aus Ammoniumnitrat, das mit mindestens einem nativen Fett getränkt ist. Unter nativen Fetten sind alle Fette zu verstehen, die aus nachwachsenden Quellen stammen, sowie die leicht abbaubaren Ester dieser Fette. Als native Fette können Glyceride, insbesondere Glyceride aus geradkettigen Fettsäureketten mit 3 bis 24 Kohlenstoffatomen, vorzugsweise Talg, Mais-Öl, Kokosnuß-Öl, Baumwollsamen-Öl, Oliven-Öl, Palm- Öl, Canola-Öl, Soja-Öl, Sonnenblumen-Öl, Lein-Öl, Tung-Öl, Erdnuß-Öl, Saflor-Öl und Raps-Öl, deren Mischungen, deren leicht abbaubare Ester, vorzugsweise deren Methylester, sowie Mischungen der nativen Fette und deren leicht abbaubare Ester eingesetzt werden. Besonders bevorzugt wird Raps-Öl und/oder Raps-Öl- Methylester eingesetzt.The explosive according to the invention consists of ammonium nitrate, which is impregnated with at least one native fat. Native fats are all fats that come from renewable sources, as well as the easily degradable esters of these fats. As native fats, glycerides, in particular glycerides from straight-chain fatty acid chains with 3 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably tallow, corn oil, coconut oil, cottonseed oil, olive oil, palm oil, canola oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil Oil, linseed oil, tung oil, peanut oil, safflower oil and rapeseed oil, their mixtures, their readily degradable esters, preferably their methyl esters, and mixtures of native fats and their easily degradable esters are used. Rapeseed oil and / or rapeseed oil methyl ester are particularly preferably used.
Diese nativen Fette können in Mengen, die üblicherweise bei den bekannten PAC-, ANC-, ANFO- oder ANDEX-Sprengstoffen verwendet werden, eingesetzt werden. Bevorzugt werden 93 bis 95 % Ammoniumnitrat, vorzugsweise in Form poröser Prills, mit 5 bis 7 % nativem Fett gemischt. Der Mischprozeß wird vorzugsweise in einem Mischer durchgeführt, in dem die Ammoniumnitrat-Prills in einen Schwebezustand versetzt werden können. Das native Fett wird dann in diesen Mischer eingedüst. Das Eindüsen kann mit Hilfe eines geeigneten Gases, vorzugsweise mit Hilfe von Luft geschehen. Eine Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sieht vor, das native Fett in geeigneten Lösungsmitteln zu lösen, bevor es in den Mischer eingedüst wird. Diese Ausführungsform ist insbesondere bei Verwendung von festen nativen Fetten geeignet. Das Lösungsmittel wird dann, beispielsweise durch Verdampfen, entfernt, nachdem die porösen Prills das native Fett durch den Mischprozeß aufgenommen haben. Eine weitere Ausführungsform sieht vor, den Mischprozeß unter Zuführung von Wärme durchzuführen. Vorzugsweise wird dabei auch das native Fett erwärmt, bevor es in den Mischer eingedüst wird.These native fats can be used in amounts that are usually used in the known PAC, ANC, ANFO or ANDEX explosives. 93 to 95% ammonium nitrate, preferably in the form of porous prills, are preferably mixed with 5 to 7% native fat. The mixing process is preferably carried out in a mixer in which the ammonium nitrate prills can be brought into a suspended state. The native fat is then injected into this mixer. The injection can be carried out using a suitable gas, preferably using air. One embodiment of the method according to the invention provides for the native fat to be dissolved in suitable solvents before it is injected into the mixer. This embodiment is particularly suitable when using solid native fats. The solvent is then removed, for example by evaporation, after the porous prills have absorbed the native fat through the mixing process. Another embodiment provides for the mixing process to be carried out with the addition of heat. Preferably, the native fat is also heated before it is injected into the mixer.
Der erfindungsgemäße Sprengstoff ist ein handhabungssicherer, umweltfreundlicher Sprengstoff, der in gleicher Weise verwendet werden kann, wie die bekannten PAC-, ANC-, ANFO- oder ANDEX-Sprengstoffe. Aufgrund der guten Rieselfähigkeit kann er wie diese in Bohrlöcher geblasen oder pneumatisch geladen werden. Das native Fett baut sich im Gegensatz zu den üblicherweise verwendeten Mineralölen besser ab und belastet nicht die Umwelt. Selbst dann, wenn der erfindunsgemäße Sprengstoff mit Grund- oder Oberflächenwasser in Berührung kommt, wird dieses nicht durch nicht abbaubare Mineralöle belastet. The explosive according to the invention is a handling-safe, environmentally friendly explosive which can be used in the same way as the known PAC, ANC, ANFO or ANDEX explosives. Due to its good flow properties, it can be blown into boreholes or loaded pneumatically. In contrast to the commonly used mineral oils, the native fat breaks down better and does not pollute the environment. Even if the explosive according to the invention comes into contact with groundwater or surface water, it is not contaminated by non-degradable mineral oils.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Sprengstoff auf Basis von Ammoniumnitrat, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Ammoniumnitrat mit mindestens einem nativen Fett getränkt ist.1. explosive based on ammonium nitrate, characterized in that the ammonium nitrate is impregnated with at least one native fat.
2. Sprengstoff gemäß Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Ammoniumnitrat in Form von Kristallen, Granulaten oder porösen Ammoniumnitrat- Prills vorliegt.2. Explosive according to claim 1, characterized in that the ammonium nitrate is in the form of crystals, granules or porous ammonium nitrate prills.
3. Sprengstoff gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er als natives Fett mindestens ein Glycerid, insbesondere ein Glycerid aus geradkettigen Fettsäureketten mit 3 bis 24 Kohlenstoffatomen, vorzugsweise Talg, Mais-Öl, Kokosnuß-Öl, Baumwollsamen-Öl, Oliven-Öl, Palm-Öl, Canola-Öl, Soja-Öl, Sonnenblumen-Öl, Lein-Öl, Tung-Öl, Erdnuß-Öl, Saflor- Öl, Raps-Öl oder Mischungen dieser nativen Fette enthält.3. explosive according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that it contains at least one glyceride, in particular a glyceride of straight-chain fatty acid chains having 3 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably tallow, corn oil, coconut oil, cottonseed oil, as native fat Contains olive oil, palm oil, canola oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, linseed oil, tung oil, peanut oil, safflower oil, rapeseed oil or mixtures of these native fats.
4. Sprengstoff gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er als natives Fett mindestens einen leicht abbaubaren Ester der in Anspruch 3 genannten nativen Fette, vorzugsweise deren Methylester, Mi- schungen dieser Ester oder Mischungen dieser Ester mit einem oder mehreren der in Anspruch 3 genannten nativen Fette enthält.4. Explosive according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it contains, as native fat, at least one easily degradable ester of the native fats mentioned in claim 3, preferably their methyl esters, mixtures of these esters or mixtures of these esters with one or more of the contains native fats mentioned in claim 3.
5. Sprengstoff gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er als natives Fett Raps-Öl und/oder dessen Methylester enthält.5. Explosive according to one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that it contains rapeseed oil and / or its methyl ester as native fat.
6. Sprengstoff gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er 93 bis 95 % Ammoniumnitrat, vorzugsweise in Form poröser Prills, mit 5 bis 7 % nativem Fett getränkt enthält.6. Explosive according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it contains 93 to 95% ammonium nitrate, preferably in the form of porous prills, soaked with 5 to 7% native fat.
7. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Sprengstoffes gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Ammoniumnitrat-Prills in einem Mischer in einen Schwebezustand versetzt werden und das native Fett in diesen Mischer eingedüst wird.7. A method for producing an explosive according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the ammonium nitrate prills in one The mixer is suspended and the native fat is injected into this mixer.
8. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das native Fett mit Hilfe eines Gases, vorzugsweise mit Hilfe von Luft eingedüst wird.8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the native fat is injected with the aid of a gas, preferably with the aid of air.
9. Verfahren gemäß einem der Ansprüche 7 oder 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das native Fett in geeigneten Lösungsmitteln gelöst wird, bevor es in den Mischer eingedüst wird und das Lösungsmittel nach dem Mischprozeß entfernt wird.9. The method according to any one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that the native fat is dissolved in suitable solvents before it is injected into the mixer and the solvent is removed after the mixing process.
10. Verfahren gemäß einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Mischprozeß unter Zuführung von Wärme durchgeführt wird.10. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the mixing process is carried out with the addition of heat.
11. Verfahren gemäß einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das native Fett erwärmt wird, bevor es in den Mischer eingedüst wird. 11. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the native fat is heated before it is injected into the mixer.
PCT/EP1997/003374 1996-06-28 1997-06-27 An explosive WO1998000374A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP97929300A EP0909264A1 (en) 1996-06-28 1997-06-27 An explosive
AU33449/97A AU3344997A (en) 1996-06-28 1997-06-27 An explosive

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19626109.0 1996-06-28
DE19626109A DE19626109A1 (en) 1996-06-28 1996-06-28 explosive

Publications (1)

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WO1998000374A1 true WO1998000374A1 (en) 1998-01-08

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP1997/003374 WO1998000374A1 (en) 1996-06-28 1997-06-27 An explosive

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EP (1) EP0909264A1 (en)
AU (1) AU3344997A (en)
DE (1) DE19626109A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1998000374A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA975754B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6380385B1 (en) 1995-12-07 2002-04-30 Agrolinz Melanin Gmbh Process for the preparation of pure melamine

Families Citing this family (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10208317A1 (en) * 2001-02-27 2002-09-05 Dynaenergetics Gmbh & Co Kg Biodegradable emulsion explosive contains aqueous phase of organic oxidant and external phase of organic fuel, particularly plant oil
DE102005031450A1 (en) * 2005-07-04 2007-01-11 Anita Lohr Explosive comprises ammonium nitrate and gas-to-liquid diesel fuel
DE102016003410A1 (en) 2016-03-22 2017-09-28 K+S Aktiengesellschaft Process for the preparation of solid, granulated ammonium nitrate explosive

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ZA975754B (en) 1998-03-20
EP0909264A1 (en) 1999-04-21
DE19626109A1 (en) 1998-01-08
AU3344997A (en) 1998-01-21

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