WO1997049287A1 - Antagonistes des recepteurs d'il-8 - Google Patents

Antagonistes des recepteurs d'il-8 Download PDF

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WO1997049287A1
WO1997049287A1 PCT/US1997/010905 US9710905W WO9749287A1 WO 1997049287 A1 WO1997049287 A1 WO 1997049287A1 US 9710905 W US9710905 W US 9710905W WO 9749287 A1 WO9749287 A1 WO 9749287A1
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alkyl
heterocyclic
optionally substituted
aryl
heteroaryl
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PCT/US1997/010905
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Katherine L. Widdowson
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Smithkline Beecham Corporation
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Priority to JP10503450A priority Critical patent/JP2000515495A/ja
Priority to EP97932256A priority patent/EP0915653A1/fr
Publication of WO1997049287A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997049287A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D223/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing seven-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D223/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing seven-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D223/16—Benzazepines; Hydrogenated benzazepines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/04—Centrally acting analgesics, e.g. opioids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D235/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, condensed with other rings
    • C07D235/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, condensed with other rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D235/04—Benzimidazoles; Hydrogenated benzimidazoles
    • C07D235/06—Benzimidazoles; Hydrogenated benzimidazoles with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached in position 2
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D333/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D333/50—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D333/52—Benzo[b]thiophenes; Hydrogenated benzo[b]thiophenes
    • C07D333/54—Benzo[b]thiophenes; Hydrogenated benzo[b]thiophenes with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a novel group of phenyl urea compounds, processes for the preparation thereof, the use thereof in IL-8, GRO ⁇ , GRO ⁇ , GRO ⁇ , NAP-2 or ENA-78 mediated diseases and pharmaceutical compositions for use in such therapy.
  • Interleukin-8 Interleukin-8
  • NAP-1 neutrophil attractant/activation protein- 1
  • MDNCF monocyte derived neutrophil chemotactic factor
  • NAF neutrophil activating factor
  • T-cell lymphocyte chemotactic factor T-cell lymphocyte chemotactic factor.
  • Interleukin-8 is a chemoattractant for neutrophils, basophils, and a subset of T-cells. It is produced by a majority of nucleated cells including macrophages, fibroblasts, endothelial and epithelial cells exposed to TNF, IL-l ⁇ , IL-l ⁇ or LPS, and by neutrophils themselves when exposed to LPS or chemotactic factors such as FMLP. M.
  • Gro ⁇ , GRO ⁇ , GRO ⁇ and NAP-2 also belong to the chemokine ⁇ family. Like IL-8 these chemokines have also been referred to by different names. For instance GRO ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ have been referred to as MGS A ⁇ , ⁇ and ⁇ respectively (Melanoma Growth Stimulating Activity), see Richmond et al, J. Cell Physiology 129, 375 (1986) and Chang et al. J. Immunol 148, 451 (1992). All of the chemokines of the ⁇ -family which possess the ELR motif directly preceding the CXC motif bind to the IL-8 B receptor.
  • EL-8, GRO ⁇ , GRO ⁇ , GRO ⁇ , NAP-2 and ENA-78 stimulate a number of functions in vitro. They have all been shown to have chemoattractant properties for neutrophils, while IL-8 and GRO ⁇ have demonstrated T-lymphocytes, and basophiles chemotactic activity. In addition IL-8 can induce histamine release from basophils from both normal and atopic individuals GRO- ⁇ and IL-8 can in addition, induce lysozomal enzyme release and respiratory burst from neutrophils. LL-8 has also been shown to increase the surface expression of Mac- 1 (CD1 lb/CD18) on neutrophils without de novo protein synthesis.
  • IL-8, Gro ⁇ , GRO ⁇ , GRO ⁇ and NAP-2 induce neutrophil shape change, chemotaxis, granule release, and respiratory burst, by binding to and activating receptors of the seven-transmembrane, G-protein-linked family, in particular by binding to IL-8 receptors, most notably the B-receptor. Thomas et al., J. Biol. Chem. 266. 14839 (1991); and Holmes et al., Science 253. 1278 (1991).
  • the development of non-peptide small molecule antagonists for members of this receptor family has precedent. For a review see R. Freidinger in: Progress in Drug Research. Vol. 40, pp. 33-98, Birkhauser Verlag, Basel 1993.
  • the IL-8 receptor represents a promising target for the development of novel anti- inflammatory agents.
  • IL-8R ⁇ which binds only IL-8 with high affinity
  • IL-8R ⁇ which has high affinity for IL-8 as well as for GRO- ⁇ , GRO ⁇ , GRO ⁇ and NAP-2.
  • IL-8R ⁇ which binds only IL-8 with high affinity
  • IL-8R ⁇ which has high affinity for IL-8 as well as for GRO- ⁇ , GRO ⁇ , GRO ⁇ and NAP-2.
  • This invention provides for a method of treating a chemokine mediated disease, wherein the chemokine is one which binds to an IL-8 ⁇ or ⁇ receptor and which method comprises administering an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the chemokine is IL-8.
  • This invention also relates to a method of inhibiting the binding of IL-8 to its receptors in a mammal in need thereof which comprises administering to said mammal an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I).
  • X is oxygen or sulfur; R is any functional moiety having an ionizable hydrogen and a pKa of 10 or less;
  • Rl is independently selected from hydrogen; halogen; nitro; cyano; halosubstituted Ci-io alkyl; Ci-io alkyl; C2-10 alkenyl; Ci-io alkoxy; halosubstituted Ci-io alkoxy; azide; (CRgRg)q S(O) t R4; hydroxy; hydroxy Ci-4alkyl; aryl; aryl Ci-4 alkyl; aryloxy; aryl Ci-4 alkyloxy; heteroaryl; heteroarylalkyl; heterocyclic, heterocyclic Ci-4alkyl; heteroaryl Ci-4 alkyloxy; aryl C2-10 alkenyl; heteroaryl
  • R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen, optionally substituted Cl-4 alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aryl Ci-4alkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl Ci-4alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclic Cl-4 alkyl, or R4 and R5 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a 5 to 7 member ring which may optionally comprise an additional heteroatom selected from oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur;
  • Y is independently selected from hydrogen; halogen; nitro; cyano; halosubstituted Ci-io alkyl; Ci-io alkyl; C2-10 alkenyl; Ci-io alkoxy; halosubstituted Ci-io alkoxy; azide; (CRgRg)q S(O) t R4; hydroxy; hydroxyCi-4alkyl; aryl; aryl Cl-4 alkyl; aryloxy; arylCi-4 alkyloxy; heteroaryl; heteroarylalkyl; heteroaryl Ci-4 alkyloxy; heterocyclic, heterocyclic Ci-4alkyl; aryl C2-10 alkenyl; heteroaryl C2-10 alkenyl; heterocyclic C2-10 alkenyl; (CRgRg)q NR4R5; C2-10 alkenyl C ( 0)NR4R5; (CRgRg)q C(O)NR4R5; (CRgRg)
  • RlO is C 1-10 alkyl C(O)2R8;
  • Rl 1 is hydrogen, Cl-4 alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aryl Ci-4alkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heteroarylCi-4alkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclic, or optionally substituted heterocyclicC 1 -4alkyl;
  • Rl2 is hydrogen, Ci-io alkyl, optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted arylalkyl;
  • Rl3 and R 14 are independently hydrogen or Cl-4 alkyl
  • Rl7 is Ci-4alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylCi-4alkyl, heterocyclic, or heterocyclicC i-4alkyl, wherein the aryl, heteroaryl and heterocyclic rings may all be optionally substituted;
  • Rj is NRgR ⁇ , alkyl, arylCl-4alklyl, arylC 2.4 alkenyl, heteroaryl, hetroaryl-
  • Z is selected from the group consisting of
  • the compounds of Formula (I) may also be used in association with the veterinary treatment of mammals, other than humans, in need of inhibition of IL- or other chemokines which bind to the IL-8 ⁇ and ⁇ receptors.
  • Chemokine mediated diseases for treatment, therapeutically or prophylactically, in animals include disease states such as those noted herein in the Methods of Treatment section.
  • R is suitably any functional moiety which provides an ionizable hydrogen having a pKa of 10 or less, preferably from about 3 to 9, more preferably from about 3 to 7.
  • Such functional groups include, but are not limited to, hydroxy, carboxylic acid, thiol, -SR2 -OR2, -NH-C(O)R a , -C(O)NR6R7, a substituted sulfonamides of the formula -NHS(O)2Rb, -S(O)2NHR c , NHC(X2)NHRb, or a tetrazolyl; wherein X2 is oxygen or sulfur, preferably oxygen.
  • the functional group is other than a sulfonic acid, either directly or as a substituent group on the aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclic moiety ring, such as in SR2 or OR2- More preferably R is OH, SH, or NHS(O)2Rb- Suitably, R2 is a substituted aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclic ring which ring contains a functional moiety providing an ionizable hydrogen having a pKa of 10 or less.
  • R6 and R7 are independently hydrogen or a Ci-4 alkyl group, or R6 and R7 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a 5 to 7 member ring which ring may optionally contain an additional heteroatom which heteroatom is selected from oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur. This heteroring may be optionally substituted as defined herein.
  • R a is an alkyl, aryl, arylCi-4alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylCi-4alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclic Ci-4alkyl moiety, all of which may be optionally substituted, as defined herein below.
  • Rb is a NR6R7, alkyl, aryl, arylCMalkyl, arylC2-4alkenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylCi-4alkyl, heteroarylC2-4 alkenyl, heterocyclic, or heterocyclic Ci-4alkyl, or a heterocyclic C2-4alkenyl moiety, camphor, all of which may be optionally substituted one to three times independently by halogen; nitro; halosubstituted Cl-4 alkyl, such as CF3; Cj-4 alkyl, such as methyl; Cl-4 alkoxy, such as methoxy; NR ⁇ C(O)R a ; C(O)NR6R7, S(O)3H, or C(O)OCi-4 alkyl.
  • Rb is preferably an optionally substituted phenyl, benzyl, or styryl.
  • Rb is a heteroaryl preferably it is an optionally substituted thiazole, optionally substituted thienyl, or optionally substituted quinolinyl ring.
  • Ro. is hydrogen or a C1-4 alkyl.
  • R9 is hydrogen.
  • R a is preferably an alkyl group, such as methyl.
  • R c is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, arylCi-4alkyl, arylCi-4aIkenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylCi-4alkyl, heteroarylCi-4alkenyl, heterocyclic, or heterocyclic Ci-4alkyl, or a heterocyclic Ci-4alkenyl moiety, all of which may be optionally substituted one to three times independently by halogen, nitro, halosubstituted C1.4 alkyl, Cl-4 alkyl, C M alkoxy, NR9C(O)R a , C(O)NR6R7, S(O)3H, or C(O)OCi-4 alkyl.
  • R c is an optionally substituted phenyl.
  • R is an OR2 or SR2 moiety it is recognized by one of skill in the an that the aryl ring must, therefore, contain the required ionizable hydrogen.
  • the aryl ring may also be additionally substituted, independently, by one to three groups, which groups may also contain an additional ionizable group, and which include but are not limited to, halogen, nitro, halosubstituted CM alkyl, C M alkyl, C M alkoxy, hydroxy, SH, -C(O)NR6R7, -NH-C(O)R a , -NHS(O)2Rb, S(O)2NR6R7, C(O)ORg ) or a tetrazolyl ring.
  • Rl is independently selected from hydrogen; halogen; nitro; cyano; halosubstituted Ci-io alkyl, such as CF3; Ci-io alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, or n-propyl; C2-10 alkenyl; Ci-io alkoxy, such as methoxy, or ethoxy; halosubstituted Ci-io alkoxy, such as trifluoromethoxy; azide; (CRgRg)q S(O) t R4, wherein t is 0, 1 or 2; hydroxy; hydroxy Ci-4alkyl, such as methanol or ethanol; aryl, such as phenyl or naphthyl; aryl C M alkyl, such as benzyl; aryloxy, such as phenoxy; aryl Cl-4 alkyloxy, such as benzyloxy; heteroaryl; heteroarylalky
  • aryl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylalkenyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclicalkyl, and heterocyclicalkenyl moieties may all be optionally substituted as defined herein below.
  • q is 0, or an integer having a value of 1 to 10.
  • R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C M alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aryl Ci-4alkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl Ci-4alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclicC 1-4 alkyl, or R4 and R5 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a 5 to 7 member ring which may optionally comprise an additional heteroatom selected from O/N/S.
  • the Z ring is denoted by its point of attachment through the asterix.
  • the Z ring may be substituted by the Ri moiety or both the phenyl ring and the Z ring may be substituted independently by Ri .
  • the nitrogen containing Z rings are substituted on the nitrogen moiety by an amide functionality such as C(O)NR4R5; more preferably where one of R4 or R5 is an optionally substituted aryl, such as phenyl.
  • the larger saturated nitrogen containing ring may also be substituted by an aryl ring.
  • Rg is suitably independently selected from hydrogen or Cl-4 alkyl.
  • RlO is suitably Ci-io alkyl C(O)2R8, such as CH2C(O)2H or CH2C(O) 2 CH 3 .
  • Rl 1 is suitably hydrogen, Cj-4 alkyl, aryl, aryl C M alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl C 1 -4alkyl, heterocyclic, or heterocyclic C 1 -4alkyl.
  • Rl2 is suitably hydrogen, CJ. IQ alkyl, optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted arylalkyl.
  • R17 is suitably CMalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylCj-4alkyl, heterocyclic, or heterocyclicC Malkyl, wherein the aryl, heteroaryl and heterocyclic rings may all be optionally substituted.
  • Rj is halogen, cyano, nitro, CF3, C(O)NR4R5, alkenyl C(O)NR4R5, C(O) R4R10. alkenyl C(O)ORi2, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl , heteroaryl alkenyl, or S(O)NR4R5, and preferably R4 and R5 are both hydrogen or one is phenyl.
  • a preferred ring substitution for Ri is in the 4-position of the phenyl ring.
  • Ri is preferably substituted in the
  • R is OH, SH or NHS(O)2Rb. than Rl is nitro, halogen, cyano, trifluoromethyl group, C(O)NR4R5.
  • Rl is carboxylic acid, than Rl is preferably hydrogen, or Rl is preferably substituted in the 4-position, more preferably substituted by trifluoromethyl or chloro.
  • the E ring denoted by its point of attachment through the asterix (*) may optionally be present. If if it is not present the ring is a phenyl moiety which is substituted by the Y term as shown above.
  • the E ring may be substituted by the Y moiety independently in any ring, saturated or unsaturated, and is shown for purposes herein substituted only in the unsaturated ring(s).
  • Y is independently selected from hydrogen; halogen; nitro; cyano; halosubstituted Ci-io alkyl; Cj-io alkyl; C2-10 alkenyl; alkoxy; halosubstituted Ci-io alkoxy; azide; (CRgRg)q S(O)tR4; hydroxy; hydroxyCi-4alkyl; aryl; aryl Cl-4 alkyl; aryloxy; arylCi-4 alkyloxy, heteroaryl; heteroarylalkyl; heteroaryl Cl-4 alkyloxy; heterocyclic, heterocyclic Ci-4alkyl; aryl C2-10 alkenyl; heteroaryl C2-10 alkenyl; heterocyclic C2-10 alkenyl; (CRgRg)q
  • (CRgRg)q NR4C(O)R ⁇ 1, (CR 8 Rg)q NHS(O) 2 R d , (CRgRg)q S(O) 2 NR 4 R 5 or two Y moieties together may form O-(CH2)sO- or a 5 to 6 membered unsaturated ring
  • s is preferably 1.
  • Y forms an additional unsaturated ring, it is preferably 6 membered resulting in a naphthylene ring system.
  • This naphthylene ring may be substituted 1 to 3 times by other Y moieties as defined above.
  • the aryl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylalkenyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclicalkyl, and heterocyclicalkenyl moieties noted above may all be optionally substituted as defined herein.
  • R ⁇ j is a NR6R7, alkyl, aryl C M alklyl, arylC 2-4 alkenyl, heteroaryl, hetroaryl-Ci ⁇ alkyl, heteroarylC2_4 alkenyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclicC 1.4 alkyl, or heterocyclic C 2-4 alkenyl moiety, wherein the aryl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylalkenyl, heterocyclic, and heterocyclicalkyl, and heterocyclicalkenyl moieties noted above may all be optionally substituted as defined herein.
  • Y may be substituted in any of the 5 ring positions, Y is preferably mono-substituted in the 2'-position or 3'- position, with the 4'- preferably being unsubstituted. If the ring is disubstituted, the substituents are preferably in the 2' or 3' position of a monocyclic ring. While both Rj and Y can both be hydrogen, it is prefered that at least one of the rings be substituted, and more preferably that both rings are substituted.
  • X is suitably oxygen or sulfur, preferably oxygen.
  • Exemplified compounds of Formula (I) include: N-[l-[[(2-bromophenyl)amino]carbonyl]-4-hydroxybenzimidazol-5-yl]-N'-[2- bromophenyl] urea; N-7-(8-Hydroxy 1 -phenyl 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro lH3-benzazepine )-N', N"-(2-bromo phenyl) diurea; N-(6-hydroxy-4-sulfonylbenzothien-7-yl)-N'-(2-bromo phenyl) urea
  • "optionally substituted” unless specifically defined shall mean such groups as halogen, such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine; hydroxy; hydroxy substituted Ci-ioalkyl; Ci-io alkoxy, such as methoxy or ethoxy; S(O)m' Q-io alkyl,
  • R15 is suitably Cl-4 alkyl, aryl, aryl Ci-4alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC i-4alkyl, heterocyclic, or heterocyclicC Malkyl.
  • Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts are well known to those skilled in the art and include basic salts of inorganic and organic acids, such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, methane sulphonic acid, ethane sulphonic acid, acetic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, maieic acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, phenylacetic acid and mandelic acid.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable salts of compounds of Formula (I) may also be formed with a pharmaceutically acceptable cation, for instance, if a substituent group comprises a carboxy moiety.
  • Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable cations are well known to those skilled in the art and include alkaline, alkaline earth, ammonium and quaternary ammonium cations.
  • halo all halogens, that is chloro, fluoro, bromo and iodo.
  • cycloalkyl is used herein to mean cyclic radicals, preferably of
  • 3 to 8 carbons including but not limited to cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and the like.
  • alkenyl is used herein at all occurrences to mean straight or branched chain radical of 2-10 carbon atoms, unless the chain length is limited thereto, including, but not limited to ethenyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, 2-methyl-l- propenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl and the like.
  • heteroaryl (on its own or in any combination, such as “heteroaryloxy”, or “heteroaryl alkyl”) - a 5-10 membered aromatic ring system in which one or more rings contain one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O or S, such as, but not limited, to pyrrole, pyrazole, furan, thiophene, quinoline, isoquinoline, quinazolinyl, pyridine, pyrimidine, oxazole, thiazole, thiadiazole, triazole, imidazole, or benzimidazole.
  • heterocyclic (on its own or in any combination, such as “heterocyclicalkyl”) - a saturated or partially unsaturated 4-10 membered ring system in which one or more rings contain one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O, or S; such as, but not limited to, pyrroiidine, piperidine, piperazine, morpholine, tetrahydropyran, or imidazolidine.
  • arylalkyl or “heteroarylalkyl” or “heterocyclicalkyl” is used herein to mean Ci-io alkyl, as defined above, attached to an aryl, heteroaryl or heterocyclic moiety, as also defined herein, unless otherwise indicated.
  • Ri moieties or two Y moieties may together form a 5 or 6 membered unsaturated ring
  • a napthylene ring system or a phenyl moiety having attached a 6 membered partially unsaturated ring such as a C6 cycloalkenyl, i.e hexene, or a C5 cyloalkenyl moiety, cyclopentene.
  • the compounds of Formula (I) may be obtained by applying synthetic procedures, some of which are illustrated in the Schemes below. The synthesis provided for in these Schemes is applicable for the producing compounds of Formula (I) having a variety of different R, R], and Aryl groups which are reacted, employing optional substituents which are suitably protected, to achieve compatibility with the reactions outlined herein. Subsequent deprotection, in those cases, then affords compounds of the nature generally disclosed. Once the urea nucleus has been established, further compounds of these formulas may be prepared by applying standard techniques for functional group interconversion, well known in the art. While the schemes are shown with compounds only of Formula (I) this is merely for illustration purposes only.
  • the urea can be synthesized from the nitro phenol as shown in Scheme 1.
  • nitro phenol or hydroxy aniline can be synthesized as shown in scheme 2 or obtained by the methods outlined in US 4,327,023 or those outlined in Feiser, L.F.
  • This nitro phenol can then be converted to the corresponding amino phenol by standard reduction methods such as hydrogen gas and Pd/C or SnCl2 in EtOH.
  • the hydroxy aniline can then be converted to the urea (2-scheme 1) by condensation with a commercially available isocyanate.
  • nitro aniline cannot be obtained from outside sources it can be synthesized from the diaminophenol 3.
  • the diaminophenol is refluxed in formic acid to form the imidazole.
  • the hydroxy imidazole is then nitrated using conditions standard in the art such as nitric acid or nitrosonium tetra fluoroborate to form 6.
  • This nitro phenol is converted to the desired urea 3_ by the reaction sequence shown in Scheme 1.
  • the 2-hydroxy aniline can be protected by reagents known in the art such as tert(butyl)dimethylsilyl chloride and imidazole in an aprotic solvent like DMF (scheme 3).
  • the aniline can then be reacted with a phosgene equivalent like triphosgene or carbonyl diimidazole in the presence of a base such as sodium bicarbonate to form the isocyanate 8_(or with thiophosgene to form the thioisocyanate).
  • This isocyanate can then be condensed with the desired amine which can be purchased commercially.
  • the protected phenol can then be deprotected by standard conditions such as triethyl amine hydrofluoride to form the urea 9_-
  • R in RNH2 while shown herein as phenyl may be any of the (CR13R14) phenyl or phenyl (E) ring derivatives as shown in formula (I).
  • the corresponding nitro compound can be prepared from 10-scheme 4. under standard nitration conditions (using HNO3 or BF4NO3) at 23 °C. The isomeric nitro compounds can then be separated by chromatography. The nitro compound is then reduced to the corresponding aniline 1 1 -scheme 4 using SnCl2 in EtOH(or alternately H2/Pd or LiAlH4).
  • the desired 2-amino benzenethiol 13-scheme 5 can be synthesized by reaction of the phenyl aniline with the thiocyanate anion in the presence of an oxidant(like bromine) to produce the 2- amino benzthiazole. After separation of the isomeric thiazoles by chromatography the desired thiazole can then be hydrolyzed to the desired 2-amino benzenethiol 12- scheme 5 with a strong base like NaOH in a protic solvent (i.e., EtOH).
  • a protic solvent i.e., EtOH
  • R' in R'NH2 while shown herein as phenyl may be any of the (CR13R14) phenyl or phenyl (E) ring derivatives as shown in formula (I).
  • isocyanate can be synthesized from the corresponding carboxylic acid using the Curtius rearrangement (dppa and triethyl amine, oxalyl chloride followed by sodium azide, scheme 6). This isocyanate can then be condensed with the commercially available hydroxy aniline to form urea 15. (scheme 6).
  • compositions of Formula (I) may be obtained in known manner, for example by treatment thereof with an appropriate amount of acid or base in the presence of a suitable solvent.
  • aryl halides Numerous conversions of aryl halides to aryl cyano derivatives with copper (I) cyanide have been published. However, no examples of an aryl ring with a hydroxy group present were mentioned.
  • Standard bases such as DMF and pyridine further provided no desired product.
  • N-(6-hydroxy-4-sulfonylbenzothien-7-yl)-N'-(2-bromo phenyl) urea was prepared from 1 -amino 6-hydroxy-4-sulfonylbenzothien-7-yl(Feiser, L.F. Kennelly, R.C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1937, 37, 1611, 48.5 mg), triethyl amine(l eq, 27 uL) and 2- bromo phenyl isocyanate (1 eq, 24 uL) according to the procedure in General Method A. The product was partitioned between methylene chloride and water. The organic layer was separated and dried over sodium sulfate. The solid was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by reverse phase chromatography (10 mg, 11%). EI-MS m/z 443(M+H) +
  • N-7-(8-Hydroxy 1 -phenyl 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro lH3-benzazepine )-N ⁇ N"-(2- bromo phenyl) diurea was prepared from 7-amino 8-hydroxy 1 -phenyl 2,3,4,5- tetrahydro lH3-benzazepine hydrochloride salt(51 mg), triethyl amine(2 eq, 39 uL) and 2-bromo phenyl isocyanate (2 eq, 34 uL) according to the procedure in General Method A. The product was diluted with methylene chloride and precipitated with hexanes(I5 mg, 52%).
  • [2-bromophenyl] urea was prepared from 2-hydroxy-3-aminobenzamidazole (60mg, 0.40 mmol) according to the procedure in General Method A. The product was purified by chromatography of the resulting solid on silica gel (30%EtOAc/ Hexane) to give the desired product (300mg, 84.5%). *H NMR (CD3CI): ⁇ 7.95 (d, 1H), 7.91 (d, 1H), 7.57 (dd, 2H), 7.47 (d, 1H), 7.39 (dd, 1H), 7.05 (s, 1H), 6.95 (dd, 2H), 6.78 (d, 1H).
  • the compounds of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be used in the manufacture of a medicament for the prophylactic or therapeutic treatment of any disease state in a human, or other mammal, which is exacerbated or caused by excessive or unregulated IL-8 cytokine production by such mammal's cell, such as but not limited to monocytes and/or macrophages, or other chemokines which bind to the IL-8 a or b receptor, also referred to as the type I or type II receptor.
  • the present invention provides a method of treating a chemokine mediated disease, wherein the chemokine is one which binds to an IL-8 a or b receptor and which method comprises administering an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the chemokines are IL-8, GRO ⁇ , GRO ⁇ , GRO ⁇ , NAP-2 or ENA-78.
  • the compounds of Formula (I) are administered in an amount sufficient to inhibit cytokine function, in particular IL-8, GRO ⁇ , GRO ⁇ , GRO ⁇ , NAP-2 or ENA-78, such that they are biologically regulated down to normal levels of physiological function, or in some case to subnormal levels, so as to ameliorate the disease state.
  • Abnormal levels of IL-8, GRO ⁇ , GRO ⁇ , GRO ⁇ , NAP-2 or ENA-78 for instance in the context of the present invention constitute: (i) levels of free IL-8 greater than or equal to 1 picogram per mL; (ii) any cell associated IL-8, GRO ⁇ , GRO ⁇ , GRO ⁇ , NAP-2 or ENA-78 above normal physiological levels; or (iii) the presence of IL-8, GRO ⁇ , GRO ⁇ , GRO ⁇ , NAP-2 or ENA-78 above basal levels in cells or tissues in IL-8, GRO ⁇ , GRO ⁇ , GRO ⁇ , NAP-2 or ENA-78 respectively, is produced.
  • Chemokine mediated diseases include psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, arthritis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, adult respiratory distress syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, stroke, septic shock, endotoxic shock, gram negative sepsis, toxic shock syndrome, cardiac and renal reperfusion injury, glomerulonephritis, thrombosis, graft vs. host reaction, alzheimers disease, allograft rejections, malaria, restinosis, angiogenesis or undesired hematopoietic stem cells release.
  • IL-8, GRO ⁇ , GRO ⁇ , GRO ⁇ or NAP-2 has the unique property of promoting neutrophil chemotaxis, enzyme release including but not limited to elastase release as well as superoxide production and activation.
  • the ⁇ -chemokines but particularly GRO ⁇ , GRO ⁇ , GRO ⁇ or NAP-2, working through the IL-8 type I or II receptor can promote the neovascularization of tumors by promoting the directional growth of endothelial cells. Therefore, the inhibition of IL-8 induced chemotaxis or activation would lead to a direct reduction in the neutrophil infiltration.
  • the present invention also provides for a means of treating, in an acute setting, as well as preventing, in those individuals deemed susceptible to, CNS injuries by the chemokine receptor antagonist compounds of Formula (I).
  • CNS injuries as defined herein include both open or penetrating head trauma, such as by surgery, or a closed head trauma injury, such as by an injury to the head region. Also included within this definition is ischemic stroke, particularly to the brain area.
  • Ischemic stroke may be defined as a focal neurologic disorder that results from insufficient blood supply to a particular brain area, usually as a consequence of an embolus, thrombi, or local atheromatous closure of the blood vessel.
  • the role of inflammatory cytokines in this are has been emerging and the present invention provides a mean for the potential treatment of these injuries. Relatively little treatment, for an acute injury such as these has been available.
  • TNF- ⁇ is a cytokine with proinflammatory actions, including endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule expression.
  • Leukocytes infiltrate into ischemic brain lesions and hence compounds which inhibit or decrease levels of TNF would be useful for treatment of ischemic brain injury. See Liu et al., Stoke, Vol. 25., No. 7, pp 1481-88 (1994) whose disclosure is inco ⁇ orated herein by reference.
  • the compounds of Formula (I) are administered in an amount sufficient to inhibit IL-8, binding to the IL-8 alpha or beta receptors, from binding to these receptors, such as evidenced by a reduction in neutrophil chemotaxis and activation.
  • the discovery that the compounds of Formula (I) are inhibitors of IL-8 binding is based upon the effects of the compounds of Formulas (I) in the in vitro receptor binding assays which are described herein.
  • the compounds of Formula (I) are inhibitors of only one receptor, Type II.
  • IL-8 mediated disease or disease state refers to any and all disease states in which IL-8, GRO ⁇ , GRO ⁇ , GRO ⁇ , NAP-2 or ENA-78 plays a role, either by production of IL-8, GRO ⁇ , GRO ⁇ , GRO ⁇ , NAP-2 or ENA-78 themselves, or by IL-8, GRO ⁇ , GRO ⁇ , GRO ⁇ , NAP-2 or ENA-78 causing another monokine to be released, such as but not limited to IL- 1 , IL-6 or TNF.
  • a disease state in which, for instance, IL-1 is a major component, and whose production or action, is exacerbated or secreted in response to IL-8, would therefore be considered a disease stated mediated by IL-8.
  • chemokine mediated disease or disease state refers to any and all disease states in which a chemokine which binds to an IL-8 a or b receptor plays a role, such as but not limited IL-8, GRO ⁇ , GRO ⁇ , GRO ⁇ , NAP-2 or ENA-78. This would include a disease state in which, IL-8 plays a role, either by production of IL-8 itself, or by IL-8 causing another monokine to be released, such as but not limited to IL-1, IL-6 or TNF.
  • cytokine refers to any secreted polypeptide that affects the functions of cells and is a molecule which modulates interactions between cells in the immune, inflammatory or hematopoietic response.
  • a cytokine includes, but is not limited to, monokines and lymphokines, regardless of which cells produce them.
  • a monokine is generally referred to as being produced and secreted by a mononuclear cell, such as a macrophage and/or monocyte.
  • Lymphokines are generally referred to as being produced by lymphocyte cells.
  • cytokines include, but are not limited to, Interleukin- 1 (IL-1), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF- ⁇ ) and Tumor Necrosis Factor beta (TNF- ⁇ ).
  • chemokine refers to any secreted polypeptide that affects the functions of cells and is a molecule which modulates interactions between cells in the immune, inflammatory or hematopoietic response, similar to the term “cytokine” above.
  • a chemokine is primarily secreted through cell transmembranes and causes chemotaxis and activation of specific white blood cells and leukocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, T-cells, B-cells, endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells.
  • chemokines include, but are not limited to, IL-8, GRO ⁇ , GRO ⁇ , GRO ⁇ , NAP-2, ENA-78, IP- 10, MlP-la, MlP-b, PF4, and MCP l, 2, and 3.
  • a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in therapy it will normally be formulated into a pharmaceutical composition in accordance with standard pharmaceutical practice.
  • This invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective, non- toxic amount of a compound of Formula (I) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
  • Compounds of Formula (I), pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and pharmaceutical compositions inco ⁇ orating such may conveniently be administered by any of the routes conventionally used for drug administration, for instance, orally, topically, parenterally or by inhalation.
  • the compounds of Formula (I) may be administered in conventional dosage forms prepared by combining a compound of Formula (I) with standard pharmaceutical carriers according to conventional procedures.
  • the compounds of Formula (I) may also be administered in conventional dosages in combination with a known, second therapeutically active compound. These procedures may involve mixing, granulating and compressing or dissolving the ingredients as appropriate to the desired preparation.
  • the form and character of the pharmaceutically acceptable character or diluent is dictated by the amount of active ingredient with which it is to be combined, the route of administration and other well-known variables.
  • the carrier(s) must be "acceptable” in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and not deleterious to the recipient thereof.
  • the pharmaceutical carrier employed may be, for example, either a solid or liquid.
  • solid carriers are lactose, terra alba, sucrose, talc, gelatin, agar, pectin, acacia, magnesium stearate, stearic acid and the like.
  • liquid carriers are syrup, peanut oil, olive oil, water and the like.
  • the carrier or diluent may include time delay material well known to the art, such as glyceryl mono-stearate or glyceryl distearate alone or with a wax.
  • the preparation can be tableted, placed in a hard gelatin capsule in powder or pellet form or in the form of a troche or lozenge.
  • the amount of solid carrier will vary widely but preferably will be from about 25mg. to about lg.
  • the preparation will be in the form of a syrup, emulsion, soft gelatin capsule, sterile injectable liquid such as an ampule or nonaqueous liquid suspension.
  • Compounds of Formula (I) may be administered topically, that is by non- systemic administration.
  • systemic administration refers to oral, intravenous, intraperitoneal and intramuscular administration.
  • Formulations suitable for topical administration include liquid or semi-liquid preparations suitable for penetration through the skin to the site of inflammation such as liniments, lotions, creams, ointments or pastes, and drops suitable for administration to the eye, ear or nose.
  • the active ingredient may comprise, for topical administration, from 0.001% to 10% w/w, for instance from 1% to 2% by weight of the Formulation. It may however comprise as much as 10% w/w but preferably will comprise less than 5% w/w, more preferably from 0.1% to 1% w/w of the Formulation.
  • Lotions according to the present invention include those suitable for application to the skin or eye.
  • An eye lotion may comprise a sterile aqueous solution optionally containing a bactericide and may be prepared by methods similar to those for the preparation of drops.
  • Lotions or liniments for application to the skin may also include an agent to hasten drying and to cool the skin, such as an alcohol or acetone, and/or a moisturizer such as glycerol or an oil such as castor oil or arachis oil.
  • Creams, ointments or pastes according to the present invention are semi- solid formulations of the active ingredient for external application. They may be made by mixing the active ingredient in finely-divided or powdered form, alone or in solution or suspension in an aqueous or non-aqueous fluid, with the aid of suitable machinery, with a greasy or non-greasy base.
  • the base may comprise hydrocarbons such as hard, soft or liquid paraffin, glycerol, beeswax, a metallic soap; a mucilage; an oil of natural origin such as almond, corn, arachis, castor or olive oil; wool fat or its derivatives or a fatty acid such as steric or oleic acid together with an alcohol such as propylene glycol or a macrogel.
  • the formulation may inco ⁇ orate any suitable surface active agent such as an anionic, cationic or non-ionic surfactant such as a sorbitan ester or a polyoxyethylene derivative thereof.
  • Suspending agents such as natural gums, cellulose derivatives or inorganic materials such as silicaceous silicas, and other ingredients such as lanolin, may also be included.
  • Drops according to the present invention may comprise sterile aqueous or oily solutions or suspensions and may be prepared by dissolving the active ingredient in a suitable aqueous solution of a bactericidal and/or fungicidal agent and/or any other suitable preservative, and preferably including a surface active agent.
  • the resulting solution may then be clarified by filtration, transferred to a suitable container which is then sealed and sterilized by autoclaving or maintaining at 98-100 C. for half an hour.
  • the solution may be sterilized by filtration and transferred to the container by an aseptic technique.
  • bactericidal and fungicidal agents suitable for inclusion in the drops are phenylmercuric nitrate or acetate (0.002%), benzalkonium chloride (0.01%) and chlorhexidine acetate (0.01%).
  • Suitable solvents for the preparation of an oily solution include glycerol, diluted alcohol and propylene glycol.
  • Compounds of formula (I) may be administered parenterally, that is by intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous intranasal, intrarectal, intravaginal or intraperitoneal administration.
  • the subcutaneous and intramuscular forms of parenteral administration are generally preferred.
  • Appropriate dosage forms for such administration may be prepared by conventional techniques.
  • Compounds of Formula (I) may also be administered by inhalation, that is by intranasal and oral inhalation administration.
  • Appropriate dosage forms for such administration, such as an aerosol formulation or a metered dose inhaler may be prepared by conventional techniques.
  • the daily oral dosage regimen will preferably be from about 0.01 to about 80 mg/kg of total body weight.
  • the daily parenteral dosage regimen about 0.001 to about 80 mg/kg of total body weight.
  • the daily topical dosage regimen will preferably be from 0.1 mg to 150 mg, administered one to four, preferably two or three times daily.
  • the daily inhalation dosage regimen will preferably be from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 1 mg/kg per day. It will also be recognized by one of skill in the art that the optimal quantity and spacing of individual dosages of a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof will be determined by the nature and extent of the condition being treated, the form, route and site of administration, and the particular patient being treated, and that such optimums can be determined by conventional techniques.
  • BIOLOGICAL EXAMPLES The IL-8, and Gro- ⁇ chemokine inhibitiory effects of compounds of the present invention were determined by the following in vitro assay: Receptor Binding Assays:
  • IL-8 human recombinant
  • High levels of recombinant human IL-8 type ⁇ and ⁇ receptors were individually expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells as described previously (Holmes, et al. Science, 1991, 253, 1278). The Chinese hamster ovary membranes were homogenized according to a previously described protocol (Haour, et al., J Biol Chem.. 249 pp 2195-2205 (1974)).
  • Each reaction mixture contained 125j iL-g (0.25 nM) or 125 I Gro- ⁇ and 0.5 ⁇ g/mL of IL-8R ⁇ or 1.0 ⁇ g/mL of IL-8R ⁇ membranes in 20 mM Bis-Trispropane and 0.4 mM Tris HC1 buffers, pH 8.0, containing 1.2 mM MgS04, 0.1 mM EDTA, 25 mM NaCl and 0.03% CHAPS.
  • drug or compound of interest was added which had been pre-dissolved in DMSO so as to reach a final concentration of between 0.0 InM and 100 uM.
  • the assay was initiated by addition of 125 I-IL-8.
  • the recombinant IL-8 R ⁇ , or Type I, receptor is also referred to herein as the non- permissive receptor and the recombinant IL-8 R ⁇ , or Type II, receptor is referred to as the permissive receptor.
  • the in vitro inhibitory properties of these compounds are determined in the neutrophil chemotaxis assay as described in Current Protocols in Immunology, vol I, Suppl 1, Unit 6.12.3., whose disclosure is inco ⁇ orated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • Neutrophils where isolated from human blood as described in Current Protocols in Immunology Vol I, Suppl 1 Unit 7.23.1, whose disclosure is inco ⁇ orated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • the chemoattractants IL-8, GRO- ⁇ , GRO- ⁇ , GRO- ⁇ and NAP-2 are placed in the bottom chamber of a 48 multiwell chamber (Neuro Probe, Cabin John, MD) at a concentration between 0.1 and 100 nM.
  • the two chambers are separated by a 5um polycarbonate filter.
  • compounds of this invention are tested, they are mixed with the cells (0.001 - 1000 nM) just prior to the addition of the cells to the upper chamber. Incubation is allowed to proceed for between about 45 and 90 min at about 37°C in a humidified incubator with 5% CO2. At the end of the incubation period, the polycarbonate membrane is removed and the top side washed, the membrane then stained using the Diff Quick staining protocol (Baxter Products, McGaw Park, IL, USA). Cells which have chemotaxed to the chemokine are visually counted using a microscope.
  • the compounds of this invention are tested for their ability to prevent Elastase release from human neutrophils.
  • Neutrophils are isolated from human blood as described in Current Protocols in Immunology Vol I, Suppl 1 Unit 7.23.1.
  • PMNs 0.88 x 10 6 cells suspended in Ringer's Solution (NaCl 118, KC1 4.56, NaHC03 25, KH2PO4 1.03, Glucose 11.1, HEPES 5 mM, pH 7.4) are placed in each well of a 96 well plate in a volume of 50 ul.
  • test compound 0.001 - 1000 nM
  • Cytochalasin B in a volume of 50 ul (20ug/ml)
  • Ringers buffer in a volume of 50 ul.
  • These cells are allowed to warm (37 °C, 5% CO2, 95% RH) for 5 min before IL-8, GRO ⁇ , GRO ⁇ , GRO ⁇ or NAP-2 at a final concentration of 0.01 - 1000 nM was added.
  • the reaction is allowed to proceed for 45 min before the 96 well plate is centrifuged (800 xg 5 min) and 100 ul of the supernatant removed.
  • This suppernatant is added to a second 96 well plate followed by an artificial elastase substrate (MeOSuc-Ala- Ala-Pro- Val- AMC, Nova Biochem, La Jolla, CA) to a final concentration of 6 ug/ml dissolved in phosphate buffered saline.
  • the plate is placed in a fluorescent 96 well plate reader (Cytofluor 2350, Millipore, Bedford, MA) and data collected at 3 min intervals according to the method of Nakajima et al J. Biol Chem 2544027 (1979).
  • the amount of Elastase released from the PMNs is calculated by measuring the rate of MeOSuc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-AMC degradation.
  • the present assay provides for examination of the expression of tumor necrosis factor mRNA in specfic brain regions which follow experimentally induced lateral fluid- percussion traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats.
  • TBI experimentally induced lateral fluid- percussion traumatic brain injury
  • LC left (injured) parietal cortex
  • RC contralateral right cortex
  • LA cortex adjacent to injured parietal cortex
  • RA right cortex
  • RH right hippocampus
  • TNF- ⁇ mRNA expression is observed in LH (104 ⁇ I7% of positive control, p ⁇ 0.05 compared with sham), LC (105 ⁇ 21%, p ⁇ 0.05) and LA (69 ⁇ 8%, p ⁇ 0.01) in the traumatized hemisphere 1 hr. following injury.
  • An increased TNF- ⁇ mRNA expression is also observed in LH (46 ⁇ 8%, p ⁇ 0.05), LC (30+3%, p ⁇ 0.01) and LA (32 ⁇ 3%, p ⁇ 0.01) at 6 hr. which resolves by 24 hr. following injury.
  • TNF- ⁇ mRNA In the contralateral hemisphere, expression of TNF- ⁇ mRNA is increased in RH (46 ⁇ 2%, p ⁇ 0.01), RC (4 ⁇ 3%) and RA (22 ⁇ 8%) at 1 hr. and in RH (28 ⁇ 1 1%), RC (7 ⁇ 5%) and RA (26 ⁇ 6%, p ⁇ 0.05) at 6 hr. but not at 24 hr. following injury. In sham (surgery without injury) or naive animals, no consistent changes in expression of TNF- ⁇ mRNA are observed in any of the 6 brain areas in either hemisphere at any times.
  • TNF- ⁇ is able to induce nerve growth factor (NGF) and stimulate the release of other cytokines from activated astrocytes, this post-traumatic alteration in gene expression of TNF- ⁇ plays an important role in both the acute and regenerative response to CNS trauma.
  • NGF nerve growth factor
  • This assay characterizes the regional expression of interleukin-l ⁇ (IL-l ⁇ ) mRNA in specific brain regions following experimental lateral fluid-percussion traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats.
  • TBI lateral fluid-percussion traumatic brain injury
  • LC left (injured) parietal cortex
  • RC contralateral right cortex
  • LA cortex adjacent to injured parietal cortex
  • RA right cortex
  • LH left hippocampus
  • RH right hippocampus

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Abstract

Cette invention se rapporte à l'utilisation des urées phényliques répondant à la formule (I) dans le traitement d'états pathologiques induits par une chimiokine, l'interleukine-8 (IL-8). L'invention définit les variables de (I).
PCT/US1997/010905 1996-06-27 1997-06-24 Antagonistes des recepteurs d'il-8 WO1997049287A1 (fr)

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EP0991406A1 (fr) * 1997-01-23 2000-04-12 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Antagonistes du recepteur de l'il-8
US7326729B2 (en) 2004-05-12 2008-02-05 Schering Corporation CXCR1 and CXCR2 chemokine antagonists
US7709485B2 (en) 2002-10-29 2010-05-04 Glaxosmithkline Llc IL-8 receptor antagonists
US7893089B2 (en) 2006-04-21 2011-02-22 GlaxoSmithKline, LLC IL-8 receptor antagonists
US8097626B2 (en) 2006-04-21 2012-01-17 Glaxosmithkline Llc IL-8 receptor antagonists
CN111875546A (zh) * 2020-04-30 2020-11-03 杭州师范大学 一种海胆状钴基光催化剂在转化co2合成苯并氮杂环中的应用

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0991406A1 (fr) * 1997-01-23 2000-04-12 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Antagonistes du recepteur de l'il-8
EP0991406A4 (fr) * 1997-01-23 2000-12-13 Smithkline Beecham Corp Antagonistes du recepteur de l'il-8
US6300325B1 (en) 1997-01-23 2001-10-09 Smithkline Beecham Corporation IL-8 receptor antagonists
US7709485B2 (en) 2002-10-29 2010-05-04 Glaxosmithkline Llc IL-8 receptor antagonists
US7326729B2 (en) 2004-05-12 2008-02-05 Schering Corporation CXCR1 and CXCR2 chemokine antagonists
US7893089B2 (en) 2006-04-21 2011-02-22 GlaxoSmithKline, LLC IL-8 receptor antagonists
US8097626B2 (en) 2006-04-21 2012-01-17 Glaxosmithkline Llc IL-8 receptor antagonists
CN111875546A (zh) * 2020-04-30 2020-11-03 杭州师范大学 一种海胆状钴基光催化剂在转化co2合成苯并氮杂环中的应用
CN111875546B (zh) * 2020-04-30 2022-02-01 杭州师范大学 一种海胆状钴基光催化剂在转化co2合成苯并咪唑酮类化合物中的应用

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