WO1997044756A1 - Carte support de donnees et dispositif de lecture/ecriture de ladite carte dans une unite de lecture de disquettes - Google Patents

Carte support de donnees et dispositif de lecture/ecriture de ladite carte dans une unite de lecture de disquettes Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1997044756A1
WO1997044756A1 PCT/EP1997/002549 EP9702549W WO9744756A1 WO 1997044756 A1 WO1997044756 A1 WO 1997044756A1 EP 9702549 W EP9702549 W EP 9702549W WO 9744756 A1 WO9744756 A1 WO 9744756A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
card
disk drive
magnetic recording
floppy disk
data carrier
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1997/002549
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Marc HÖPPNER
Original Assignee
Nvg Netcard Vermarktungs-Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nvg Netcard Vermarktungs-Gmbh filed Critical Nvg Netcard Vermarktungs-Gmbh
Priority to EP97925927A priority Critical patent/EP0898758A1/fr
Priority to AU30912/97A priority patent/AU3091297A/en
Publication of WO1997044756A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997044756A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/08—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by means detecting the change of an electrostatic or magnetic field, e.g. by detecting change of capacitance between electrodes
    • G06K7/082—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by means detecting the change of an electrostatic or magnetic field, e.g. by detecting change of capacitance between electrodes using inductive or magnetic sensors
    • G06K7/083—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by means detecting the change of an electrostatic or magnetic field, e.g. by detecting change of capacitance between electrodes using inductive or magnetic sensors inductive
    • G06K7/084—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by means detecting the change of an electrostatic or magnetic field, e.g. by detecting change of capacitance between electrodes using inductive or magnetic sensors inductive sensing magnetic material by relative movement detecting flux changes without altering its magnetised state
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/08—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by means detecting the change of an electrostatic or magnetic field, e.g. by detecting change of capacitance between electrodes
    • G06K7/082—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by means detecting the change of an electrostatic or magnetic field, e.g. by detecting change of capacitance between electrodes using inductive or magnetic sensors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a data carrier card with magnetic recording surfaces according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a device for reading / writing a data carrier card provided with at least one magnetic recording surface in a floppy disk drive.
  • Remote data transmission systems such as the global Internet are used for information transmission and procurement. Goods or services are also increasingly being offered via such remote data transmission systems.
  • Such systems in particular the Internet, are designed as open networks that are accessible to everyone, the transmission of confidential data via such networks is problematic. This applies in particular to the payment of goods or services and the necessary transmission of payment transaction data.
  • the payment by credit card which is frequently practiced on the Internet and transmits credit card data entered manually into the computer by the person making the payment to the recipient, contains a considerable risk of misuse, since the credit card data can fall into the wrong hands in open networks.
  • the present invention is based on the object of creating data carrier cards and devices of the type mentioned at the outset which enable secure processing of payments. facilitate lung transactions, authorizations or the like on local computer systems or via remote data transmission systems.
  • the latter in particular, is becoming increasingly important, since so-called CD writers are inexpensively available to everyone and the use of a CD-ROM as a data carrier no longer offers any protection against pirated copies.
  • a data carrier card which is provided with magnetic recording surfaces and has two magnetic recording surfaces.
  • a first magnetic recording surface is provided for reading / writing in a card reading / writing device.
  • This first magnetic recording surface is generally designed as a magnetic strip, as is known from conventional credit and check cards.
  • the term card reading / writing device denotes all devices with which such a magnetic strip can be read out or written in a known manner. Such card reading / writing devices are used, for example, in ATMs or credit card payment terminals.
  • the data carrier card has a second magnetic recording surface which is provided for reading / writing in a floppy disk drive.
  • floppy disk drive means any hardware by means of which information can be stored or read out on the surface or surfaces of an exchangeable and essentially disk-shaped magnetic recording medium.
  • Such a floppy disk drive has at least one read / write head which interacts with the surface of the recording medium (the floppy disk) and can store information thereon by remagnetizing the same.
  • the variable magnetization of the surface induces a current in it as it moves past the read / write head, so that the information can be read out again.
  • the term floppy disk drive particularly preferably denotes a commercially available and internationally standardized 3 1/2 "floppy disk drive.
  • the basic idea of the invention is to provide devices in a cost-effective manner, utilizing the hardware components usually present in computers, which enable the processing of payment transactions with so-called end-to-end security.
  • End-to-end security demands the greatest possible security both during the Data transmission as well as at the input or receiving stations of the data.
  • the security during data transmission can be increased by known encryption measures.
  • Security measures for larger payment recipients (trading companies, service organizations) as well as for the so-called trust centers that process the payment transactions (credit card companies, banks, etc.) generally include a professional regulation of access authorization to the corresponding computers that also takes appropriate account of security aspects often a physical shielding of these computers in rooms subject to special security measures.
  • the greatest possible security even with the end user of a product / service that requires payment, requires that the payee and / or the trust center can communicate directly with the credit / bank card of the provider of the payment in order to check the security features stored there and / or to store information about the transaction carried out .
  • chip cards for this purpose, the prior art proposes chip cards in particular, but these require additional investments in a reader / writer for chip cards by the end user. For this reason, chip cards for processing payments over the Internet have so far not been able to prevail.
  • the invention now uses the floppy disk drive, which is present in each computer anyway, for communication between the trust center / payee on the one hand and the payment party. Since the magnetic strip (the first magnetic recording surface) provided on standard data carrier cards as a whole is provided for reading / writing in the usual card reading / writing devices, a second magnetic recording surface is provided according to the invention, which is provided for reading / writing in a conventional floppy disk drive is. With little effort (an additional magnetic recording surface on the data carrier card) and using the existing hardware, a secure handling of payment transactions is possible with direct communication between the data carrier card and the trust center.
  • the present invention is not limited to use in the context of processing payment transactions. It can be used in any process where direct communication is required for security or other reasons of a goods / service provider with a data carrier of a customer or potential customer is desired or required.
  • access to computers connected to remote data transmission systems can be regulated in such a way that access is only permitted to those who have a data carrier card according to the invention and use it to identify themselves to the corresponding computer.
  • the present invention is not limited to use in connection with remote data transmission systems, it can also be used for authorizing access to a local computer. In this case, the corresponding data carrier card is verified directly by the diskette drive of the computer that is to be accessed.
  • the data carrier cards and devices according to the invention can likewise be used in the context of the so-called activation of software acquired on data carriers and / or loaded via a data transmission network.
  • a data carrier such as a CD-ROM can contain a very extensive software package that the customer can either purchase in whole or in part. The parts of the program package that are purchased and paid for in each case are then activated with the aid of a data carrier card according to the invention. If necessary, it can also be ensured that the program package is only used on as many computers at the same time as licenses have been acquired. If the customer purchases further parts of the program package of the already existing CD, the software distributor can possibly transmit the data required for activation via a remote data transmission system and (possibly encrypted) store it on the data carrier card owned by the customer.
  • the data carrier card according to the invention particularly preferably has dimensions in accordance with ISO / IEC 7810 or ISO / IEC 7811.
  • the international standard dimensions of credit, bank and check cards are specified in these standards.
  • the second magnetic recording surface is preferably arranged in the vicinity of a narrow side of the card.
  • the narrow side is the side of the card rectangle with the shorter side length.
  • the arrangement near a narrow side enables a particularly simple design and geometry of the adapter to be explained in more detail below for guiding this recording surface past the read / write head of a 3 1/2 "diskette drive.
  • the magnetic recording tracks of the second magnetic recording surface preferably have a directional component parallel to the narrow side of the card, particularly preferably they run parallel to this narrow side.
  • the reading / writing of data on this second magnetic recording surface is carried out by alternately moving the card and its second magnetic recording surface back and forth along the read / write head, as described in more detail below.
  • At least part of the second recording surface can carry written information with a high magnetization density, which information cannot be erased by means of the read / write head of a floppy disk drive.
  • the maximum magnetic field strength that the read / write head of a conventional disk drive can exert when writing on the magnetic recording surface is limited. It is therefore possible for the company issuing a data carrier card according to the invention to cover part of the second recording area with information which is written with such a high magnetization or magnetization density that the corresponding area is no longer remapped by a floppy disk drive can.
  • certain basic information and / or keys that can be used to encrypt data to be transmitted can be permanently stored on this recording surface. This information can be read by the trust center using the diskette drive of the payment provider when processing a payment transaction, but the payment provider cannot deliberately or involuntarily change.
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to a device for reading / writing a data carrier card provided with magnetic recording surfaces in a disk drive.
  • This device is designed as an adapter which receives the data carrier card and can be inserted into the disk drive, by means of which at least part of the recording surface can be moved along a read / write head of the disk drive.
  • the adapter is a device for implementing zen the rotational movement of the disk drive drive in a reciprocating movement of the disk card. The magnetic recording surface is moved alternately past the read / write head, the recording tracks are straight lines running parallel to one another.
  • the outer dimensions and the outer shape of the adapter according to the invention essentially correspond to a conventional floppy disk that can be inserted into the floppy disk drive.
  • it identifies the necessary devices for correct positioning in the floppy disk drive and devices for interacting with the drive drive in order to set the data carrier card into a corresponding movement with the aid of the drive drive.
  • the adapter according to the invention particularly preferably has a carriage which can move the data carrier card and can be moved back and forth.
  • a carriage permits the exact positioning of the data carrier card in the adapter, interacting guide devices on the carriage and adapter can ensure that the back and forth movement runs in a defined manner and is limited in its end points.
  • the surfaces of the slide and adapter which rub against one another can be designed by appropriate choice of material and / or surface design to minimize the sliding friction.
  • the adapter preferably has a rotary or drive actuator which can be driven by the drive of the floppy disk drive and on which in turn one or more drive domes are arranged.
  • the drive dome or the drive dome cooperate with drivers arranged on the slide in such a way that the circular movement of the drive actuator and the drive mandrel arranged thereon is converted into a back and forth movement of the slide. If, for example, the carriage with the data carrier card is at or in the Is located near one end point, the rotating drive mandrel engages with a driver and pushes the slide a certain distance in the direction of the other end point. At the latest when this end point is reached, the drive mandrel disengages from the corresponding driver; as it continues to rotate, it interacts with a second driver and pushes the carriage back into its starting position.
  • the adapter according to the invention is particularly suitable for use in connection with a data carrier card according to one of claims 1 to 6, but is not limited to such use.
  • a data carrier card according to one of claims 1 to 6, but is not limited to such use.
  • it can also be used with data carrier cards which only have a magnetic recording surface provided for reading / writing in a floppy disk drive and not additionally the conventional magnetic strips of the prior art.
  • Such a data carrier card would then only be suitable for paying on the Internet (or via other remote data transmission systems), but not for processing transactions in shops equipped with conventional card reading / writing devices or at ATMs.
  • the data carrier card according to the invention and / or the adapter according to the invention for reading / writing a data carrier card in a floppy disk drive can be used in the context of any payment processing method and other authorization methods mentioned above by way of example.
  • Both in the processing of payments and in the case of other transmission of confidential data there are methods in which encryption takes place on the basis of random numbers.
  • a computer needs stochastic output data that it cannot provide on its own. For example, it is proposed in the prior art to have the user press any combination of keys and to use the random time intervals between two keystrokes to generate random numbers.
  • Another aspect of the invention is therefore concerned with the generation of real random numbers.
  • a method is proposed in which a magnetic recording surface of a data carrier card is attached several times to a read / write head Floppy disk drive is moved past, the time spans between two read / write operations being used as the basis for generating random numbers.
  • the mechanical drive of a floppy disk drive and the transmission devices for generating the desired movement of the data carrier card in the floppy disk drive form a purely analog and not completely reproducible system; the movement of the card in the floppy disk drive will vary purely stochastically, the never entirely identical time periods between two read / Write operations can therefore be used as a real stochastic basis for generating random numbers.
  • Such a time period between two read / write processes usually arises from the fact that the read / write head of the disk drive only during part of the movement of the data carrier card
  • Drive faces the associated magnetic recording surface of the card and data can be read or written.
  • Another aspect of the invention is concerned with methods for reading and writing data from or onto a magnetic recording surface of a data carrier card in a floppy disk drive.
  • the recording area interacting with the read / write head on the data carrier card will generally only have the form of a strip, so that each time the card passes this head there is only a relatively short distance for recording information.
  • the read / write surface is divided into tracks (radially spaced circles). Each track (ie each circle) is in turn subdivided into several sectors, ie circular arc segments, a so-called data field is written on each sector.
  • each sector also carries a checksum that enables the error-free transfer of data from or to the diskette to be verified.
  • All floppy disk drives are controlled by so-called floppy disk drive controllers and associated programs which are provided for reading / writing with the corresponding track and sector division.
  • the industry used for 3 1/2 "disk drives for controllers is based on the ⁇ PD 765 chip from NEC.
  • the length of a continuously readable track is generally less than the length of a sector on a conventional disk. Accordingly, it is not possible to create sectors and associated checksums in a size (length) that the disk controller knows. Instead, points each track of the magnetic recording surface of the data carrier card has only a single sector, which in turn is considerably shorter than a disk sector. The amount of data that fits into such a sector is considerably smaller, the checksum for verifying the data of such a sector must therefore be written onto the data carrier card after a much shorter amount of data than the diskette controller actually provides.
  • the controller When reading the data from a data carrier card, the controller therefore reports a data error back to the requesting program because it cannot find the checksum at the location it is accustomed to.
  • Conventional diskette controllers do not have their own storage space, but use the main memory of the computer to store the read data. The data read from the data carrier card are therefore in memory despite the error message issued by the controller.
  • a checksum is written on each track of the data carrier card to verify the data written on this track, the checksum formation and its writing to the recording surface taking place independently of any checksum formation and recording of the disk drive controller.
  • a checksum is thus formed by a separate program routine which is independent of the diskette controller and which knows the limited length of each track on the data carrier card, and is written to the data carrier card.
  • a program routine which is also independent of the diskette controller is provided for carrying out the verification of each track of the read data on the basis of the checksum recorded on this track.
  • the error messages of the diskette controller both when writing and reading are thus ignored, instead a separate checksum is written to the corresponding track during writing and when reading the data already in the computer despite the error message of the controller are used independently of the error message checked this separate checksum.
  • FIG. 1 shows a data carrier card according to the invention in a front view
  • Figure 2 shows the same disk card in a rear view
  • 3 shows an adapter according to the invention in a top view
  • 4 shows an adapter according to the invention in a partial sectional view with the slide arranged therein
  • FIG. 5 shows the slide for receiving the data carrier card in a top view
  • FIG. 7 shows a top view of the turntable of the adapter with a drive mandrel for converting the rotary movement of the drive drive into a back and forth movement of the slide; 8 shows a section through adapter, carriage and data carrier card along the line A-
  • FIG. 1 shows the front view of a conventional ISO / IEC card 1, for example a credit card.
  • the card 1 conventionally has a known magnetic strip 2, which is provided for reading or writing in conventional card readers / writers.
  • an additional magnetic strip 3 is now provided in the area of a narrow side of the card, which is provided for interacting with a read / write head of a floppy disk drive.
  • the magnetic stripe 3 can otherwise be identical to the magnetic stripe 2 and can therefore be applied to the card 1 using conventional and known devices. Since the card 1 is moved back and forth parallel to its narrow sides in the floppy disk drive, as explained in more detail below, the recording tracks of the magnetic strip 3 run perpendicular to those of the magnetic strip 2.
  • FIG. 3 shows a top view of an adapter according to the invention for reading / writing to a data carrier card in a commercially available 3 1/2 "floppy disk drive.
  • the outer dimensions of this adapter 4 essentially correspond to those of a conventional one 3 1/2 "diskette.
  • Fig. 4 the same adapter is shown schematically with the carriage 7 arranged therein, the carriage 7 receives the data carrier card 1.
  • the adapter 4 has a slot 5 in which a rail 8 of the Slide 7. The interaction of slot 5 and rail 8 enables the slide 7 to be moved back and forth within the cavity of the adapter 4 parallel to the longitudinal direction of the slot 5.
  • the housing of the adapter 4 has a recess 6 within which during the reciprocating movement of the carriage 7, an opening 9 arranged in this carriage moves.
  • the carriage 7 has an opening 10 for inserting the data carrier card 1.
  • This card is inserted so that the magnetic strip 3 is inside the opening 9. It is therefore accessible through the openings 9 and the recess 6 from the outside for a read / write head of the disk drive.
  • the carriage driver 11, 12, which, in a manner still to be explained, cooperate in generating a reciprocating movement of the carriage 7 within the housing of the adapter 4 along the direction of the slot 5.
  • the housing of the adapter 4 can be opened and closed again for the purpose of inserting or removing the carriage 7 receiving the card 1.
  • a drive mandrel 14 is arranged in the region of the outer circumference of the rotary or drive actuator 13.
  • 15 and 16 denote the known starting points for motor and index hole generation, which are also present in a conventional floppy disk.
  • Fig. 8 shows a section along the line AA of Fig. 3, which shows the interaction of the individual elements.
  • the rotating plate 13, which is rotatably arranged in the housing of the adapter 4, is set into a rotary movement by the drive domes 17, 18 of the drive.
  • the drive pin 14 can cooperate with the drivers 11, 12 of the carriage 7 to produce a back and forth movement.
  • the cooperating with the slot 5 guide rail 8 ensures that the forces acting from the drive pin 14 on the drivers 11, 12 are converted into a reciprocating movement and guides perpendicular to the intended direction of movement of the carriage 7 force components acting in the housing of the adapter 4 from.
  • the carriage 7 essentially receives the data carrier card 1 in a form-fitting manner.
  • a read / write head of the floppy disk drive With the back and forth movement a read / write head of the floppy disk drive has access to the magnetic stripe 3 through the recess 6 and the opening 9. Since the reading / writing of floppy disks is generally carried out on both sides, the corresponding opposite read / write head must be protected by appropriate safety devices (e.g. a kind of rail, not shown in the drawing) from possible damage-causing contact with the front of the card 1 which has no magnetic surface.
  • appropriate safety devices e.g. a kind of rail, not shown in the drawing
  • 9 to 12 show schematically how the drive mandrel 14 and the drivers 11, 12 interact to produce a back and forth movement (arrows 19 and 20 in FIGS. 9 and 11).
  • Force components occurring perpendicular to the arrow 19 are derived from the rail 8 via the slot 5 into the housing of the adapter 4.
  • the mandrel 14 disengages from the driver 12 and continues to rotate.
  • Fig. 1 1 can be seen how it strikes the second driver 1 1 and thus transported the carriage back in the direction of arrow 20 in its starting position.
  • the speed of the carriage 7 at the moment the magnetic strip 3 moves past the read / write head must be sufficiently high to enable information to be written with sufficient magnetization density.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing For Digital Recording And Reproducing (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une carte support de données comportant des surfaces d'enregistrement magnétiques. Une première surface d'enregistrement magnétique est conçue pour la lecture/écriture dans un dispositif de lecture/écriture de cartes usuel. Une deuxième surface d'enregistrement magnétique est conçue pour la lecture/écriture dans une unité de lecture de disquettes. Un adaptateur (4) se présentant sous la forme d'une disquette usuelle sert à loger la carte support de données. Une fois muni de la carte support de données, il est introduit dans une unité de lecture de disquettes. L'adaptateur (4) convertit le mouvement d'entraînement de l'unité de lecture de disquettes en un mouvement de va-et-vient de la carte support de données et fait ainsi passer sa seconde surface d'enregistrement magnétique devant la tête de lecture/écriture de l'unité de lecture de disquettes.
PCT/EP1997/002549 1996-05-21 1997-05-20 Carte support de donnees et dispositif de lecture/ecriture de ladite carte dans une unite de lecture de disquettes WO1997044756A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP97925927A EP0898758A1 (fr) 1996-05-21 1997-05-20 Carte support de donnees et dispositif de lecture/ecriture de ladite carte dans une unite de lecture de disquettes
AU30912/97A AU3091297A (en) 1996-05-21 1997-05-20 Data storage card and device for its read-out/write-in in a disc drive

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1996120425 DE19620425A1 (de) 1996-05-21 1996-05-21 Datenträgerkarte und Vorrichtung zum Lesen/Beschreiben der Datenträgerkarte in einem Diskettenlaufwerk
DE19620425.9 1996-05-21

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1997044756A1 true WO1997044756A1 (fr) 1997-11-27

Family

ID=7794892

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP1997/002549 WO1997044756A1 (fr) 1996-05-21 1997-05-20 Carte support de donnees et dispositif de lecture/ecriture de ladite carte dans une unite de lecture de disquettes

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0898758A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU3091297A (fr)
DE (1) DE19620425A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1997044756A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2039769A2 (fr) 2000-09-13 2009-03-25 Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. Peptides antimicrobiennes et procédés d'utilisation

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19850089A1 (de) * 1998-10-30 2000-05-04 Maz Mikroelektronik Anwendungs Verfahren zum elektronischen Bezahlen im Internet

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0039565A1 (fr) * 1980-05-01 1981-11-11 Sony Corporation Procédés et dispositifs de traitement de données binaires
US4774618A (en) * 1986-09-15 1988-09-27 Abiel Raviv Method of and apparatus for storing and returning information on a business card
EP0387809A1 (fr) * 1989-03-16 1990-09-19 Tonami Electric Engineering Co., Ltd. Procédé pour l'écriture et la lecture de données sur une carte magnétique et à partir d'une carte magnétique et lecteur/imprimeur pour un tel procédé
WO1990013093A1 (fr) * 1989-04-24 1990-11-01 Smith Malcolm G Procede et appareil ameliores d'entrainement de disques magnetiques
GB2239974A (en) * 1989-12-19 1991-07-17 Trevor Leslie Darrell Horne A business card

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0039565A1 (fr) * 1980-05-01 1981-11-11 Sony Corporation Procédés et dispositifs de traitement de données binaires
US4774618A (en) * 1986-09-15 1988-09-27 Abiel Raviv Method of and apparatus for storing and returning information on a business card
EP0387809A1 (fr) * 1989-03-16 1990-09-19 Tonami Electric Engineering Co., Ltd. Procédé pour l'écriture et la lecture de données sur une carte magnétique et à partir d'une carte magnétique et lecteur/imprimeur pour un tel procédé
WO1990013093A1 (fr) * 1989-04-24 1990-11-01 Smith Malcolm G Procede et appareil ameliores d'entrainement de disques magnetiques
GB2239974A (en) * 1989-12-19 1991-07-17 Trevor Leslie Darrell Horne A business card

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2039769A2 (fr) 2000-09-13 2009-03-25 Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. Peptides antimicrobiennes et procédés d'utilisation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU3091297A (en) 1997-12-09
EP0898758A1 (fr) 1999-03-03
DE19620425A1 (de) 1997-11-27

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