WO1997040169A1 - Non antibiotic selectable markers for live vaccines - Google Patents
Non antibiotic selectable markers for live vaccines Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1997040169A1 WO1997040169A1 PCT/GB1997/001080 GB9701080W WO9740169A1 WO 1997040169 A1 WO1997040169 A1 WO 1997040169A1 GB 9701080 W GB9701080 W GB 9701080W WO 9740169 A1 WO9740169 A1 WO 9740169A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cell
- gene
- vector
- antigen
- transformed
- Prior art date
Links
- 229960005486 vaccine Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 230000001937 non-anti-biotic effect Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 108091007433 antigens Proteins 0.000 claims description 70
- 239000000427 antigen Substances 0.000 claims description 69
- 102000036639 antigens Human genes 0.000 claims description 69
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 62
- 101150103518 bar gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 37
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010055044 Tetanus Toxin Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002163 immunogen Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005847 immunogenicity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940118376 tetanus toxin Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960000814 tetanus toxoid Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 108020004414 DNA Proteins 0.000 claims 3
- 102000053602 DNA Human genes 0.000 claims 3
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 64
- 241000293871 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi Species 0.000 description 16
- 239000013612 plasmid Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 12
- 241000607142 Salmonella Species 0.000 description 9
- 101150073130 ampR gene Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 229960000723 ampicillin Drugs 0.000 description 9
- AVKUERGKIZMTKX-NJBDSQKTSA-N ampicillin Chemical compound C1([C@@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H]2[C@H]3SC([C@@H](N3C2=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)=CC=CC=C1 AVKUERGKIZMTKX-NJBDSQKTSA-N 0.000 description 9
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 8
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 6
- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000006151 minimal media Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229940031348 multivalent vaccine Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- ALYNCZNDIQEVRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminobenzoic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 ALYNCZNDIQEVRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 108020004705 Codon Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010353 genetic engineering Methods 0.000 description 4
- 244000045947 parasite Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000035479 physiological effects, processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 4
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108091008146 restriction endonucleases Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000725303 Human immunodeficiency virus Species 0.000 description 3
- 208000037386 Typhoid Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 102000005396 glutamine synthetase Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108020002326 glutamine synthetase Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 230000028993 immune response Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003119 immunoblot Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 108010082527 phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 201000008297 typhoid fever Diseases 0.000 description 3
- MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-REOHCLBHSA-N (2S)-2-Amino-3-hydroxypropansäure Chemical compound OC[C@H](N)C(O)=O MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GLDQAMYCGOIJDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(O)=C1O GLDQAMYCGOIJDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WXTMDXOMEHJXQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=CC=C1O WXTMDXOMEHJXQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAJOBQBIJHVGMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-4-[hydroxy(methyl)phosphoryl]butanoic acid Chemical compound CP(O)(=O)CCC(N)C(O)=O IAJOBQBIJHVGMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101100404144 Bacillus subtilis (strain 168) nasD gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108010041397 CD4 Antigens Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-histidine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CN=CN1 HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N L-tyrosine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108700026244 Open Reading Frames Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000283973 Oryctolagus cuniculus Species 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 241000607626 Vibrio cholerae Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000001594 aberrant effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZSLZBFCDCINBPY-ZSJPKINUSA-N acetyl-CoA Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OCC(C)(C)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCC(=O)NCCSC(=O)C)O[C@H]1N1C2=NC=NC(N)=C2N=C1 ZSLZBFCDCINBPY-ZSJPKINUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940024606 amino acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000692 anti-sense effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- GINJFDRNADDBIN-FXQIFTODSA-N bilanafos Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCP(C)(O)=O GINJFDRNADDBIN-FXQIFTODSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010367 cloning Methods 0.000 description 2
- LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I dipotassium trisodium dihydrogen phosphate hydrogen phosphate dichloride Chemical compound P(=O)(O)(O)[O-].[K+].P(=O)(O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Cl-].[K+].[Cl-].[Na+] LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 2
- 239000012737 fresh medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009630 liquid culture Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 101150044129 nirB gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229940126578 oral vaccine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000002953 phosphate buffered saline Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- LXNHXLLTXMVWPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridoxine Chemical compound CC1=NC=C(CO)C(CO)=C1O LXNHXLLTXMVWPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- IFGCUJZIWBUILZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium 2-[[2-[[hydroxy-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyphosphoryl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid Chemical compound [Na+].C=1NC2=CC=CC=C2C=1CC(C(O)=O)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NP(O)(=O)OC1OC(C)C(O)C(O)C1O IFGCUJZIWBUILZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002415 sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 2
- UCSJYZPVAKXKNQ-HZYVHMACSA-N streptomycin Chemical compound CN[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@](C=O)(O)[C@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](NC(N)=N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(N)=N)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O UCSJYZPVAKXKNQ-HZYVHMACSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940118696 vibrio cholerae Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940082044 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QDGAVODICPCDMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-3-[3-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl]propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC(N(CCCl)CCCl)=C1 QDGAVODICPCDMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930024421 Adenine Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 206010067484 Adverse reaction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000223836 Babesia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000193738 Bacillus anthracis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000588807 Bordetella Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000588832 Bordetella pertussis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000242722 Cestoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000606153 Chlamydia trachomatis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000709687 Coxsackievirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 108090000204 Dipeptidase 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000710198 Foot-and-mouth disease virus Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000031886 HIV Infections Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000606790 Haemophilus Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000002812 Heat-Shock Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010004889 Heat-Shock Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000709721 Hepatovirus A Species 0.000 description 1
- 101001041393 Homo sapiens Serine protease HTRA1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000713772 Human immunodeficiency virus 1 Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000713340 Human immunodeficiency virus 2 Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000701806 Human papillomavirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000709704 Human poliovirus 2 Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000709727 Human poliovirus 3 Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000430519 Human rhinovirus sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- LEVWYRKDKASIDU-IMJSIDKUSA-N L-cystine Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)[C@@H]([NH3+])CSSC[C@H]([NH3+])C([O-])=O LEVWYRKDKASIDU-IMJSIDKUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000701076 Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1 Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000204031 Mycoplasma Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000588653 Neisseria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000244206 Nematoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 229930193140 Neomycin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 108010025915 Nitrite Reductases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229930182555 Penicillin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N Penicillin G Chemical compound N([C@H]1[C@H]2SC([C@@H](N2C1=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)C(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000224016 Plasmodium Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010076504 Protein Sorting Signals Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000711798 Rabies lyssavirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000702670 Rotavirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000293869 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000242678 Schistosoma Species 0.000 description 1
- 102100021119 Serine protease HTRA1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000713311 Simian immunodeficiency virus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000700584 Simplexvirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000187391 Streptomyces hygroscopicus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000242541 Trematoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000607598 Vibrio Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000607734 Yersinia <bacteria> Species 0.000 description 1
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000006838 adverse reaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 201000008680 babesiosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940065181 bacillus anthracis Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000022 bacteriostatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000006635 beta-lactamase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 230000006696 biosynthetic metabolic pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940038705 chlamydia trachomatis Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002759 chromosomal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000349 chromosome Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960003067 cystine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000688 enterotoxigenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013613 expression plasmid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002496 gastric effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-L glutamate group Chemical group N[C@@H](CCC(=O)[O-])C(=O)[O-] WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutamine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(N)=O ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000005252 hepatitis A Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960002885 histidine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000028996 humoral immune response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000003642 hunger Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002649 immunization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000021633 leukocyte mediated immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000004792 malaria Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960004927 neomycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940049954 penicillin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003752 polymerase chain reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000008160 pyridoxine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011677 pyridoxine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000012620 regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003248 secreting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013207 serial dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960001153 serine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000037351 starvation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960005322 streptomycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960004441 tyrosine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 241000712461 unidentified influenza virus Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940011671 vitamin b6 Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/10—Transferases (2.)
- C12N9/1025—Acyltransferases (2.3)
- C12N9/1029—Acyltransferases (2.3) transferring groups other than amino-acyl groups (2.3.1)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/65—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression using markers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/51—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising whole cells, viruses or DNA/RNA
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Definitions
- the invention relates to DNA constructs encoding a selectable marker other than an antibiotic resistance marker; vectors and/or cells including said constructs; and vaccines based on said constructs for use in animals and particularly, but not exclusively, for use in humans.
- antibiotic means any of various chemical substances such as penicillin, ampicillin, streptomycin, neomycin or tetrocycline produced by various microorganisms, or their synthetic counte ⁇ arts.
- the aim of immunisation is typically to elicit a secretory, humoral or cell-mediated immune response to at least one antigen expressed by said virus, bacteria or parasites.
- a number of vaccines have been developed, some involving the administration of live oral strains of bacteria such as the live oral salmonella vaccines which are typically based upon strains of salmonella which have been attenuated by the introduction of a non-reverting mutation in a gene(s) in the aromatic biosynthetic pathway, or a stress protein such as HtrA, of the bacteria.
- the above multivalent vaccines express recombinant antigen using a single gene copy of the relevant antigen and thus the level of expression is low i.e. less than 1 % of total cell protein.
- the expression level of a single copy malarial antigen gene from the chromosome of Salmonella typhi has been estimated to be 0.16% of total cell protein (Gonzalez et al 1994) From 10 human volunteers who were vaccinated in only 3 volunteers were their actually any detectable immune responses (Gonzalez et al 1994).
- such vaccines may provide for an irnmune response that is less than desirable, typically in a healthy individual the course of the disease appears unaffected and quantifiable in vitro tests of a routine nature for the same individual are comparably poor.
- a multivalent vaccine may in practice only be effective against a single pathogen.
- vectors that either comprise multiple copies of the relevant gene and/or at least one copy of the relevant gene operatively linked to a high expression system such as a high expression promoter when transfo ⁇ ning a host cell such as an attenuated strain of Salmonella typhi.
- the invention is achieved by use of the Bialaphos resistance gene (bar gene).
- the bar gene encodes for phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) which converts fhe herbicide DL-phosphinothricin (PPT) [CAS No. 77182-82-2 Bellinger R.R., et al Weed Science 33:779 19851, with high affinity, into a non herbicidal acetylated form by transferring the acetyl group from acetyl CoA onto the free amino group of PPT.
- PPT phosphinothricin acetyltransferase
- PPT DL-phosphinothricin
- PPT is an analogue of glutamate and a specific and very strong inhibitor of glutamine synthetase in both plants and bacteria.
- Glutamine synthetase plays a central role in the assimilation of ammonia and the regulation of nitrogen metabolism. In fact it is the enzyme that detoxifies ammonia.
- PPT acts as a bacteriostatic agent as a result of glutamine starvation, in a media lacking this amino acid, as it irreversibly inhibits glutamine synthetase (D'Halluin et al 1992).
- the bar gene product As a result of the above described activity of the bar gene product it is possible to use the bar gene as a safe, selectable marker in genetic engineering experiments where it would be otherwise hazardous to use genes encoding substances which can be used by pathogens to obtain resistance to therapeutic agents which are related to said substances, such as antibiotic resistant genes.
- the invention therefore concerns the use of a safe, selectable marker, i.e. a gene that confers resistance to an agent other than an antibiotic, which agent can be used to deleteriously affect the growth of an organism transformed so as to include at least said marker.
- a safe, selectable marker i.e. a gene that confers resistance to an agent other than an antibiotic
- an agent can be used to deleteriously affect the growth of an organism transformed so as to include at least said marker.
- a transformed cell which has been engineered so as to express at least one antigen, homologous or heterologous, and at least one safe, selectable marker which confers on said cell resistance to an agent, other than an antibiotic, which would otherwise deleteriously affect the growth of said cell.
- expression of said antigen is of a sufficient level to elicit an immune response when said transformed cell is administered to or given to an animal.
- multiple copies of the gene encoding said antigen may be provided in said transformed cell and/or at least one copy of said gene is operatively linked to a high expression agent such as a high expression promoter.
- the invention may involve the genetic manipulation of a bacterial cell so that it expresses at least one antigen, i.e. it is univalent, and in this instance ideally multiple copies of the gene encoding said antigen will be engineered into said cell along with a safe, selectable marker so that successful transformation can be monitored.
- said at least one antigen may include a number of different antigens so as to confer on said cell multivalency, and once again, preferably a plurality of copies of the genes encoding the relevant antigens may be provided so as to enhance expression of said antigens.
- at least one of said antigens is linked to a high expression promoter, and preferably said multiple copies of said antigen; or preferably multiple copies of said multiple antigens maybe linked to a high expression promoter.
- said promoter is inducible, and preferably inducible in vivo.
- one such promoter is the E. coli nitrite reductase promoter, or indeed any other promoter which would favour a high expression of a gene coupled thereto, especially in in vivo conditions.
- said cell is of the strain Salmonella such as, for example, Salmonella typhi.
- the cell is ideally an attenuated strain of Salmonella typhi.
- this cell expresses antigens relating to typhoid fever and the cell is either transformed, less preferably, to express more of said antigens conferring resistance to typhoid fever, or more preferably, to express antigens of a different pathogenic type so as to confer resistance to other pathogens (Khan et al 1994; Chabalgoity et al 1996).
- the said cell includes a construct expressing at least a fragment of tetanus toxoid, and ideally expressing the highly immunogenic but atoxic fragment C (TetC) from tetanus toxin. (Khan et al 1994).
- TetC highly immunogenic but atoxic fragment C
- said cell it is within the scope of the invention for said cell to include any other preferred construct which enhances the immunogenicity of the cell and thus increases the desirability of the use of the cell as a vaccine.
- One such further example would be the B sub unit of Vibrio cholerae or the B sub unit of Escherichia coli.
- said cell prior to transformation, expresses an antigen, whether homologous or heterologous and thus is univalent, subsequent to transformation, assuming a heterologous antigen is used, then said univalent cell will become multivalent.
- a vector comprising at least one gene encoding an agent, other than an antibiotic resistance agent, that counters, or advantageously affects, the otherwise deleterious effects of a substance to which a cell that is to be transformed by said vector is susceptible; and at least one gene encoding a pre-selected antigen.
- a vector comprising at least one bar gene and at least one gene encoding a pre ⁇ selected antigen from at least one pathogen known to cause disease in animals.
- either vector includes multiple copies of said gene encoding said antigen and/or copies of different genes encoding different antigens all selected from pathogens which are capable of causing disease in animals.
- At least one of the aforementioned genes is operatively coupled to a high expression promoter and ideally at least one of said antigens is coupled to said promoter so as to provide for high expression of at least one said antigens.
- a vector including an antibiotic resistance gene into which gene has been inserted a gene encoding resistance to a substance, other than an antibiotic, which substance is capable of deleteriously affecting a cell to be transformed by said vector.
- the said antibiotic resistance gene is rendered insertionally inactivated.
- the said gene encoding resistance to the substance is the bar gene.
- a vector including an antibiotic resistance gene into which there has been inserted a gene encoding resistance to a substance, other than an antibiotic, which deleteriously affects the growth of a cell into which said vector is to be inserted; and also at least one gene encoding a selected antigen.
- said selected antigen is heterologous having regard to the nature of the cell to be transformed by said vector.
- said vector comprises multiple copies of said antigen and/or at least one, and preferably multiple copies, of at least one other antigen of at least one other pathogen.
- At least one of said genes is operatively coupled to a high expression promoter, and ideally, at least one of said genes encoding at least one of said antigens is operatively coupled to said high expression promoter.
- a vaccine for use in animals comprising the aforementioned cell and/or vector of the invention.
- Suitable antigens for working the invention include, but are not limited to, antigens relating to human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) such as HIV-1 or HIV-2; the CD4 receptor binding site for HIV; hepatitis A or B virus; human rhinovirus such as type 1 or type 14; Herpes simplex virus; poliovirus type 2 or 3; foot-and-mouth disease virus; rabies virus; rotavirus; influenza virus; coxsackie virus; human papilloma virus such as type 16, the E7 protein thereof, and fragments containing the E7 protein; simian immunodeficiency virus; antigens from Bordetella pertussis such as the P69 protein and FHA antigens; Vibrio cholerae; Bacillus anthracis; and E.coli antigens such as LT-B antigens, K88 antigens and enterotoxigenic antigens.
- HAV human immuno-deficiency virus
- HIV-1 or HIV-2 the CD4 receptor binding site
- antigens include the CD4 antigen, Schistosome mansoni antigens such as P28 antigens, antigens of flukes, mycoplasma, roundworms, tapeworms, Chlamydia trachomatis, and malaria parasites for example parasites of the genus Plasmodium or Babesia.
- Other antigens include those derived from the mycobacteria.
- suitable promoters for use in the invention include promoters which are ideally inducible and so respond to a change in the environment.
- An example is a promoter that is inducible having regard to anaerobic conditions such as the nirB promoter.
- Suitable cells for working the invention comprise attenuated bacteria such as those selected from fhe genus Salmonella, Haemophilus, Neisseria, Bordetella, Vibrio or Yersinia, or attenuated mycobacteria. Details of attenuated bacteria are well know to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail hereinafter.
- the vaccine of the invention may comprise at least one suitable adjuvant ideally, the vaccine is provided in a suitable form for oral administration for example in a capsular form in which the vaccine is lyophilised.
- the lyophilised vaccine may be provided in the form of a suspension suitable for reconstitution prior to administration.
- reconstitution is provided using suitable buffer to ensure the viability of the organisms.
- an alkaline preparation such as sodium bicarbonate in order to safeguard against the effects of gastric acidity.
- the vaccine may be supplied in the form of an aerosol.
- the dose of the vaccine will be dependant upon a number of variables, not least, the size and weight of the vaccine recipient, the type of vaccine formulated and the immunogenicity of the relevant antigen (s).
- E.coli TG2
- S. typhimurium C5
- PBS phosphate buffered saline
- the plasmid pTETnirl5 expresses from the nirB promoter fragment C (TetC) of tetanus toxin (Chatfield et al 1992).
- This plasmid contains the gene encoding for beta-lactamase (ampR) which confers resistance to the antibiotic ampicillin.
- ampicillin resistance is the selectable marker.
- the bar gene as a selectable marker, and if possible inactivate the ampR gene.
- the ampicillin resistance gene was removed and replaced with the herbicide resistance gene by the following strategy.
- the 3727 bp pTETnirl5 was digested with the restriction enzymes Asp 700 and Pstl which cut exclusively within the 860 bp ampR gene to release a 354 bp fragment located towards the 5'-end of the gene.
- the 3373 bp remnant vector was gel-purified and was now ready for cloning in the bar gene.
- the plasmid pSCB-1 contains the bar gene and was obtained from PBI Cambridge.
- a bar gene expression cassette was synthesised by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR; Saiki et al 1988) from ⁇ SCB- 1.
- the reaction was performed using sense and antisense primers designed to amplify the complete open reading frame of the bar gene.
- the sense primer was tailored with the recognition sequence of the restriction enzyme _4sp700 and the antisense primer was tailored with the recognition sequence for Pstl .
- the product was gel-purified and digested with AsplOO and Pstl, resulting in a bar gene cassette of approximately 579 bp, and then cloned into the residual 3373 bp pTETnirl5 plasmid which had also been cut with the respective enzymes.
- the resulting plasmid was designated pBATl.
- This approach has the advantage that it allows the expression of the bar gene by the natural ampR promoter, retains the integrity of the ribosome binding sequence, and allows the bar gene to utilise the signal sequence of ampR. Furthermore, this strategy allows the ampR gene to be partially deleted and insertionally inactivated.
- the construct was electroprated into electrocompetent C5htrA cells and transformants selected by adding cells to molten (48° C) minimal agar supplemented with M9 salts.
- Transformed C5htrA cells harbouring pBATl were selected by the addition of PPT (250ug/ml) and lOOul droplets spotted onto a petridish. The plates were then incubated at 37° C for 48 hours.
- the agar droplets were then transferred to minimal broth media supplemented with M9 salts containing 375 ug/ml of PPT.
- the cells were grown shaking at 37° C overnight.
- a stock of the culture was made prior to harvesting the cells and purifying the pBATl plasmid DNA. The identity of the construct was verified by restriction enzyme mapping with EcoRI and Pstl.
- pBATl has been constructed. This plasmid expresses fhe bar gene and is capable of conferring PPT resistance to the host S. typhimu ⁇ um C5htrA vaccine strain allowing this herbicide to be used as a selective marker for cells harbouring this construct.
- host vaccine cells harbouring the constructs containing the marker should retain their original properties.
- the plasmid should be able to continue to express guest antigens, and remain stable by not being segregated and lost from the host cell population in the absence of marker selection.
- the strains were grown in the liquid media already described above supplemented with either PPT (375ug/ml) or ampicillin (50ug/ml) shaking overnight at 37° C. The following day the cultures were diluted 1 in a 100 into fresh media, each with and without the respective selective marker. The four cultures were again shaken at 37° C and the following culture dilutions ranging IO 6 to 10 8 plated out onto minimal agar plates, again with and without the selective marker for each of the four cultures.
- the bar gene product does not place the host cells harbouring the construct at a selective disadvantage. This implies that the expression of the bar gene does not significantly alter the physiology of the host cell and this of course is a highly desirable property.
- Salmonella typhi Salmonella typhi
- the strain 541Ty was incubated overnight at 37° C under normal culture conditions in minimal media with the 541Ty supplements described above either alone, and also with PPT at 350 ug/ml. After the incubation it was observed that the culture supplemented with PPT, in contrast to the culture lacking PPT, had failed to grow.
- REFS Construction of ⁇ aroA his ⁇ pur strians of Salmonella typhi.
- the construct pBATl was electroplated into electrocompetent 541Ty cells and transformants selected by adding cells to molten (48° C) minimal agar with the supplements already described above, and also PPT (350 ug/ml) to select for transformants. The plates were then incubated at 37° C for 48 hours.
- the recombinant clones were picked and grown shaking for 36 hours in minimal media with the 541Ty supplements already described, and PPT (350 ug/ml). Stocks of the clones were made prior to inoculating the cultures. Cells were harvested and the plasmid pBATl isolated. The identity of the construct was verified by restriction enzyme mapping with Eco Rl and Pstl.
- the plasmid pBATl expresses the bar gene and is capable of conferring PPT resistance to the host S.typhi strain, allowing this herbicide to be used as a selective marker for S.typhi cells harbouring this construct.
- host vaccine cells harbouring the constructs containing the marker should retain their original properties.
- the plasmid should be able to continue to express guest antigens, and remain stable by not being segregated and lost from the host cell population in the absence of marker selection.
- the strains were grown in the liquid media already described above supplemented with either PPT (375ug/ml) or ampicillin (50ug/ml) shaking overnight at 37° C. The following day the cultures were diluted 1 in a 100 into fresh media, each with and without the respective selective marker. The four cultures were again shaken at 37° C and the following culture dilutions ranging IO 6 to 10 8 plated out onto minimal agar plates with the 541Ty supplements, again with and without the selective marker for each of the four cultures.
- the bar gene product does not place the host S.typhi cells harbouring the construct at a selective disadvantage. This implies that the expression of the bar gene does not significantly alter the physiology of the host S.typhi and this of course is a highly desirable property.
- a vaccine for use in animals, and in particular for use in humans which maybe either univalent or multivalent, but in any event, comprises a transformed host cell wherein successful transformation is determined having regard to the resistance of the host cell to a pre-selected substance by virtue of the transformation of the said host cell with a gene conferring resistance to said substance, other than an antibiotic resistance gene.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU25735/97A AU2573597A (en) | 1996-04-19 | 1997-04-18 | Non antibiotic selectable markers for live vaccines |
EP97917358A EP0895541A1 (en) | 1996-04-19 | 1997-04-18 | Non antibiotic selectable markers for live vaccines |
US09/175,837 US6162433A (en) | 1996-04-19 | 1998-10-19 | Non antibiotic selectable markers for live vaccines |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GBGB9608106.2A GB9608106D0 (en) | 1996-04-19 | 1996-04-19 | Animal Vaccines |
GB9608106.2 | 1996-04-19 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/175,837 Continuation US6162433A (en) | 1996-04-19 | 1998-10-19 | Non antibiotic selectable markers for live vaccines |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1997040169A1 true WO1997040169A1 (en) | 1997-10-30 |
Family
ID=10792322
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB1997/001080 WO1997040169A1 (en) | 1996-04-19 | 1997-04-18 | Non antibiotic selectable markers for live vaccines |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0895541A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2573597A (en) |
GB (1) | GB9608106D0 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1997040169A1 (en) |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4713337A (en) * | 1985-01-03 | 1987-12-15 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Method for deletion of a gene from a bacteria |
WO1994003615A1 (en) * | 1992-07-31 | 1994-02-17 | Medeva Holdings B.V. | Expression of recombinant fusion proteins in attenuated bacteria |
-
1996
- 1996-04-19 GB GBGB9608106.2A patent/GB9608106D0/en active Pending
-
1997
- 1997-04-18 EP EP97917358A patent/EP0895541A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-04-18 WO PCT/GB1997/001080 patent/WO1997040169A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-04-18 AU AU25735/97A patent/AU2573597A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4713337A (en) * | 1985-01-03 | 1987-12-15 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Method for deletion of a gene from a bacteria |
WO1994003615A1 (en) * | 1992-07-31 | 1994-02-17 | Medeva Holdings B.V. | Expression of recombinant fusion proteins in attenuated bacteria |
Non-Patent Citations (6)
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0895541A1 (en) | 1999-02-10 |
AU2573597A (en) | 1997-11-12 |
GB9608106D0 (en) | 1996-06-26 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CA2099841C (en) | Expression of recombinant proteins in attenuated bacteria | |
AU711618B2 (en) | Recombinant bacterial system with environmentally limited viability | |
DE69935927T2 (en) | PLASMID STABILIZATION SYSTEM FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF ANTIGENES | |
US5631010A (en) | Genetically stable cholera vaccines with deletions of ctxA, recA and attRS1 | |
US8318148B2 (en) | Attenuated bacteria useful in vaccines | |
CA2626114A1 (en) | Attenuated salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a and uses thereof | |
Dougan et al. | Live bacterial vaccines and their application as carriers for foreign antigens | |
JPH04506000A (en) | Non-toxic microorganisms and uses thereof | |
EP1326960B1 (en) | Microbes having an attenuating mutation comprising a transcription terminator | |
US5874088A (en) | Deletion mutants of cholera vaccines expressing heterologous antigens | |
US6162433A (en) | Non antibiotic selectable markers for live vaccines | |
WO1997040169A1 (en) | Non antibiotic selectable markers for live vaccines | |
WO2001046428A1 (en) | Vaccine strains against infection with pathogenic bacteria | |
PL171476B1 (en) | Method of obtaining attenuated salmonella bacterium | |
Stocker | Attenuated Salmonella sp. as Live Vaccines and as Presenters of Heterologous Antigens |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CU CZ DE DK EE ES FI GB GE GH HU IL IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MD MG MK MN MW MX NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK TJ TM TR TT UA UG US UZ VN YU AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): GH KE LS MW SD SZ UG AT BE CH DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF |
|
DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 09175837 Country of ref document: US |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1997917358 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 1997917358 Country of ref document: EP |
|
REG | Reference to national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: 8642 |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: JP Ref document number: 97537826 Format of ref document f/p: F |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: CA |
|
WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Ref document number: 1997917358 Country of ref document: EP |