WO1997039376A1 - Dispositivo de reproduccion de imagenes en tres dimensiones basado en la diferenciacion angular de imagenes - Google Patents
Dispositivo de reproduccion de imagenes en tres dimensiones basado en la diferenciacion angular de imagenes Download PDFInfo
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- WO1997039376A1 WO1997039376A1 PCT/ES1996/000092 ES9600092W WO9739376A1 WO 1997039376 A1 WO1997039376 A1 WO 1997039376A1 ES 9600092 W ES9600092 W ES 9600092W WO 9739376 A1 WO9739376 A1 WO 9739376A1
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- reproduction
- horizontal
- image
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/302—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
- H04N13/305—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using lenticular lenses, e.g. arrangements of cylindrical lenses
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
- G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
- G02B30/26—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type
- G02B30/27—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving lenticular arrays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/302—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
- H04N13/32—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using arrays of controllable light sources; using moving apertures or moving light sources
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/398—Synchronisation thereof; Control thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/20—Image signal generators
- H04N13/286—Image signal generators having separate monoscopic and stereoscopic modes
Definitions
- the reproduction device described here is capable of generating three-dimensional images, with horizontal parallax only, or integral images, that is to say with horizontal and vertical parallax simultaneously, static or in motion that can be observed without the need to use glasses or any other device before the eyes.
- the new device presented here simplifies, improves and reduces the manufacturing costs of the devices made previously.
- the systems for capturing and reproducing images in three dimensions can be classified into two large groups. Those developed from 1947 based on the formation of images through interference of coherent beams of light called holographic systems and those that do not record by wave interference. Within the latter we will distinguish stereoscopic, three-dimensional and integral systems.
- stereoscopic is used to designate systems in which two different images are used in reproduction, one for each eye.
- the three-dimensional term is used to designate those systems that employ the greatest number of images captured and reproduced, allowing observation within a wide horizontal viewing angle without disturbing the observers by putting before their eyes optical filters or any other device.
- the integral term is used to designate those systems that employ a large number of images captured and reproduced allowing the observation in three dimensions within a wide viewing angle both vertical and horizontal
- Three-dimensional systems mostly use optical frames of lenticular type for reproduction. The oldest ones are based on the differentiation of the different images by their position on a diffusing screen. These systems will be called as belonging or based on "positional differentiation or scale images "
- the distinction of the different images reproduced on the diffuser surface is achieved by reserving a different place for each of them.
- Each image occupies a sene of vertical strips of very small width
- the frontal projection system described by Ivés consists in locating a lenticular frame of converging cylindrical lenses in front of and parallel to a diffusing surface located at a distance equal to the focal length of the convergent microlenses that make up the frame
- the n images captured from n different spatial positions are also projected from different positions with the same number of projection objectives
- the projected image from each of the projection lenses will be formed on the diffusing surface.
- the light coming from each objective after refracting as it passes through the lenticular weave will form, behind each cylindrical lens, a thin strip on the diffusing surface.
- the geometric image of this thin strip of image will be in the line that joins the optical center of the projector lens with the optical center of the converging cylindrical lens component of the frame
- Each cylindrical lens will form on the diffusing surface as many strips of images as projection lenses there are, in our case, a number n of strips equal to that of images
- the observation angle is formed by the lines that pass through the geometric center of the reproduction screen and each eye of the observer.
- the angle of reproduction is formed by the lines that pass through the geometric center of the reproduction screen and each of the optical centers of two adjacent projection objectives.
- Reproductions suitable for distant observers that is to say for observers with a very small viewing angle, require reproductions with a very small reproduction angle, that is to say that the distance between adjacent projection lenses must be very small compared to the projection distance.
- This condition requires a large number of images reproduced for a given value of orthoscopic viewing angle.
- transverse cylinder size For a large number of images reproduced, a transverse cylinder size must also be used, and as a consequence they become more easily observable and the quality of the scene reproduced decreases.
- These disadvantages not only appear in horizontal parallax reproduction systems but also in so-called integral reproduction systems, that is, those that in addition to reproducing horizontal parallax also reproduce vertical.
- These systems are also designed with a diffusing surface and a selector element.
- the optical selector element is a plane of converging spherical lenses instead of cylindrical lenses.
- the new design does not employ any diffusing surface where the different images are focused as in the classic systems described above. Nor in this new system is it attempted to bring to each eye a different image captured all of it by a single camera and projected by a single projector lens.
- This system is designed so that a different image can be seen from each observation point, but this image is not the one projected from a single projection objective. From each observation point, only a rectangle-shaped sector of each of the projected images The group of rectangles corresponding to an observation point forms a single image This unique image is different for each observation point
- This luminous point will be located at the intersection of the line that joins the optical center of the projection target and the observation point with the transparent surface. From each observation point a different point will be seen for each projector. If several images are projected at the same time on the transparent surface, as many images as projected images will be seen from each observation point. If the optical centers of the projection lenses are located on a line. straight visible points will also appear aligned on a straight line.
- a lenticular weft formed by vertical cylindrical lenses is placed next to the transparent surface.
- the distance between the transparent surface and the lenticular weft is made equal to the focal length of the weft component cylinders.
- a rectilinear segment of each projected image will be seen.
- the geometric center of said segment will be located on the line that joins the optical center of the projection target with the observation point with the lenticular plot. of said segment will depend on the horizontal opening of the vertical cylindrical components of the frame If the opening angle is zero, infinite focal length, the segment will be reduced to one point and will increase in length as the value of said opening increases , that is, the length of the segment will depend on the aperture of the optical components and will be much larger the longer it is. If the objectives they project simultaneously are futile, as many segments as projected images will be seen
- the angle that measures the opening of these vertical cylinders or expressed in another way, the relationship between the transverse size of the component cylindrical optical element of the frame and its focal length is equal to the low angle which the inner edges of the pupils of two contiguous projection lenses are seen from the optical center of the lenticular frame or equal to the relationship between the distance between the inner edges of the pupils of two contiguous projection lenses and the distance of projection
- optical frames This is the most important condition that governs the construction of optical frames for three-dimensional reproduction systems based on angular differentiation of images.
- this condition can be satisfied by both optical frames composed of convergent cylinders and those composed of divergent cylinders.
- the opening of the lenticular frame Since the opening of the lenticular frame has to be a function of the relationship between the distance between two contiguous projection targets at its projection distance and this value is usually very small, the opening of the lenticular frames based on this new principle has a value very small contrary to what is pursued and occurs in classical systems
- the projection objectives will be placed on a horizontal curve and a second optical frame of horizontal cylinders whose focal lines are in the same focal plane as the vertical cylinders and therefore coincide with the transparent screen designed For pedagogical purposes, it will be responsible for converting the previous segment into a rectangle whose base will be the size of this same segment and whose height will be that of the transparent surface.
- Each observation position will correspond to a different image rectangle of each projector lens and the set of these rectangles will form a unique and distinct image for each observation point
- the focal length of these horizontal cylinders must be as small as possible in front of their width (semicircular cylinders) to achieve a large aperture that allows viewing from any point of a rectangle as high as the optical system itself
- the previous device can be modified in order to achieve a valid optical system for any distance between contiguous projection targets and any projection distance.
- two optical frames are available, one of them mclinable with respect to the other.
- the first one consists of horizontal cylindrical elements. of great opening, the second, mclinable, will form an angle between 0 or 90 ° with respect to the first horizontal
- the necessary horizontal opening is achieved by adjusting the value of the inclination angle
- n is the number of images or projection lenses Kr is the distance between optical centers of two contiguous projection lenses
- the angle of orthoscopic vision can be made as large as desired because it is not limited by the opening of the optical components of the frame
- the cross-sectional size of the component cylindrical optical elements of the frame does not limit the number of projected images so they can be made as small as desired.
- Integral reproduction systems are easy to manufacture. These advantages have made possible, for the first time, the realization of three-dimensional or integral reproduction systems with high-quality orthoscopic viewing angle and easy adjustment. To achieve this it has been necessary to use a large number of projected images
- the proposed procedure consists in introducing in each image before its projection an inverse deformation to that suffered in the projection Although the correction is perfect and the reproductions achieved of very high quality, the procedure requires a specific and different calibration to each reproduction device
- the previous three-dimensional players are characterized by having a reduced volume, simple operation and an acceptable viewing angle.
- the projection is made by displacement and therefore these three-dimensional players with an angle of vision greater than 100 ° or 120 ° need projection objectives with an angle of opening of this same value
- These projection objectives have a high price and are not easy to find in the market
- the previous difficulty derived from the optical projection elements and outside the optical reproduction system establishes the same as we saw in the projection systems by inclination, a practical limit at the maximum angle of orthoscopic vision at a value around 120 °
- This difficulty is linked to the aforementioned complexity of these devices due to the fact that the images need to be calibrated with the inverse deformation that the equipment itself introduces in the reproduction
- various devices are described, all based on the angular differentiation of images, which can reach reproductions with angles of orthoscopic vision of up to 180 °, without introducing aberrations, deformations of perspective or visual distortions, being able to build inside of a reduced volume and without the images need
- the elements that serve to describe a three-dimensional reproduction system based on the angular differentiation of images are a) A series of projection objectives each of which projects a different image from a spatial position also different through b) an optical system, composed of several lenticular frames, whose component optical elements are designed with a ho ⁇ zontal aperture value that is a function of the distance relationship between two contiguous projection targets and the projection distance on c) a transparent flat surface where focus all projected images
- the procedure of reproduction of a single image in a device based on angular differentiation of images will consist of: a1) of all the projection objectives described in section a) the one corresponding to the chosen image will be selected and will act only as a light source, that is, it will work without Film. The rest of the projectors will remain inactive
- the previous system is easily generalized by making each image appear on the liquid crystal only the nth part of a time interval chosen as a cycle and in that nth part of the time allocated for the reproduction of an image will illuminate only the objective corresponding to this image For the rest of the images, it will be operated in the same way and at the end of the reproduction of all the images it will start again for the first of the cycle.
- the advantages achieved in the reproduction of the n images are the same than those mentioned above for the reproduction of a single
- the optical reproduction system will have been reduced to a single optical frame composed of horizontal cylindrical elements with a vertical opening large enough so that, from any observation point, the illuminated image is seen at its full height
- a lighting system composed of its optical system without vertical aperture and light sources in the form of vertical luminous segments of indefinite length can also be designed.
- the optical system will have finite horizontal aperture depending on the ratio between the distance between luminous segments. vertical and lighting distance and with zero vertical opening so the optical frame composed of horizontal cylinders will be suppressed
- optical system could be completely eliminated in a new lighting system composed of rectangle-shaped light sources of indefinite height and width equal to the distance between the optical centers of two contiguous projection targets.
- frontal and / or lateral reflection methods are used in the light path from the projection objectives to the optical reproduction system
- a fifth three-dimensional reproduction device that is also the object of this invention in which a single source of illumination is used, which through a mirror, whose angle of rotation responds to the signal sent by the computer , projects its light on a diffusing surface
- the image projected on this surface is a rectangle luminous that jumps in each jump occupying the position occupied by each of the previous rectangular light sources and remaining in this place the same time as before they remained activated.
- the computer governs the angle of the mirror by sending a signal to a device, stepper motor, direct current or similar that responds to said signal moving forward or backward.
- the computer also sends the coded signal of the image corresponding to each angular position of the mirror to the liquid crystal.
- the light image in the form of a rectangle that travels through the diffuser surface can be generated on a screen of cathode ray tubes or in a liquid crystal.
- the screen of the cathode ray tube itself acts as a diffuser surface.
- it is projected on a diffusing surface as in conventional T V projectors.
- the angle of orthoscopic vision is a function of the relationship between the distance between the first and last source of illumination and the distance of illumination, if This ratio remains constant The angle of orthoscopic vision is also kept constant.
- the angle of reproduction as a function of the ratio between the distance between two adjacent sources and the illumination distance is also kept constant.
- This property allows the design of a low-volume lighting system in which the distance between the first and the last source of lighting is reduced by the same proportion as the lighting distance.
- All the three-dimensional image reproduction devices that have just been described as being objects of this invention, consist of a surface where sequentially generated two-dimensional images and different lighting systems are generated by transparency. However, all these lighting systems produce the same effect. optical than that produced by a luminous rectangle moving in jumps, each jump will correspond to the reproduction of a different image on the first surface The width of said rectangle is equal to the corresponding distance between two optical centers of two contiguous and height lighting targets enough to allow all observers to see the full picture
- the relationship between the width of the light rectangle and the lighting distance determines the reproduction angle and inversely. In the same way the relationship between the distance from the first to the last rectangle and the lighting distance determines the viewing angle and vice versa.
- the distance of the light sources to the image player element is determined according to the volume of the device
- the three parameters that define the quality of the reproductive device, the field of vision and the angles of reproduction and vision are what condition the design
- the second, the angle of reproduction determines the width of the luminous rectangle
- the third, the angle of vision determines the width occupied by the set of luminous rectangles, or what is the same the number of rectangles or images necessary
- the three-dimensional reproduction device object of this invention is characterized by a first surface, liquid crystal or the like, where a sequence of two-dimensional images are reproduced sequentially, that is, one behind the other responding to the encoded information sent from a computer and of a lighting system whose optical effect is equal to that produced by a second luminous surface located in front of the previous one and at an optical distance of this determined by the field of vision and of an optical width determined by the viewing angle, being this surface constituted of luminous rectangles adjacent to each other, of a width determined by the angle of reproduction and aligned in a horizontal curve and of a sufficient height to allow any observer to see the image at full height, and in which each of them lights up and off sequentially and according to the sync signal onismo that joins the computer in such a way that at each moment a single rectangle is illuminated in correspondence with the image generated by transparency on the first surface Everything that has been said for three-dimensional reproduction systems, that is reproductions with only horizontal parallax it can be extended for integral reproduction systems,
- An integral reproduction system based on angular differentiation of images consists of
- the images are not formed by projection, but directly in the plane described in section (c ') above, where a liquid crystal or similar device capable of generate images for transparency and the projectors become the function of simple light sources
- the previous system can be used for the reproduction of n images if, by choosing a time interval for the complete repetition cycle, each image is generated in the liquid crystal for a time equal to the nth part of said cycle time interval and during that time is activated only the light source corresponding to that image
- a second lighting system can be designed consisting of an optical system with zero horizontal aperture and the same vertical vertical opening and light sources in the form of adjacent horizontal rectilinear segments with a length equal to the separation between two contiguous horizontal objectives
- the optical frame formed by vertical cylindrical elements will be eliminated in this system
- a third lighting system composed of a null vertical opening optical system and the same horizontal opening as in the first case and light sources in the form of adjacent vertical rectilinear segments of equal length to the same could be constructed separation between two contiguous vertical objectives
- the optical frame formed by horizontal cylindrical elements will be eliminated in this system Consequently, in a fourth lighting system the optical system could be eliminated by replacing the light sources with luminous rectangles whose base is equal to the distance between contiguous horizontal objectives and its height equal the distance between adjacent vertical targets
- an integral reproduction device Taking into account the energy consumption factor, an integral reproduction device has been designed that is analogous to the fifth previously described three-dimensional reproduction device. The only difference is that in the integral reproduction device the light rectangle travels the places corresponding to a rectangular grid. what is necessary to employ two mirror rotating devices There are also a sixth and seventh integral reproduction devices that generate the light rectangle in a cathode ray tube or in a liquid crystal as described above for the three-dimensional player
- a converging lens or mirror between the reproductive element and the light sources may also be used, all these vain objects being also the object of this invention.
- All the integral image reproduction devices that have just been described and which are the object of this invention consist of a surface where the two-dimensional images are generated sequentially and of different lighting systems. However, all these lighting systems produce the same optical effect as that produced by a luminous rectangle moving in jumps, each jump corresponding to the reproduction of a different image on the first surface. The width and height of said rectangle are the same as the distances corresponding to the optical centers of two contiguous projection targets along a vertical or horizontal line.
- the horizontal or vertical reproduction angle be less than or equal to the horizontal or vertical observation angle, this function being the distance between the two eyes of the same observer and the distance observational.
- the relationship between the width or height of these rectangles and the lighting distance determines the value of the horizontal or vertical reproduction angle and vice versa.
- the relationship between the horizontal distance from the first to the last rectangle or the vertical distance from the first to the last rectangle determines the horizontal or vertical viewing angle and vice versa.
- the relationships between the horizontal or vertical viewing angles and the horizontal or vertical reproduction angles determine the number of columns or rows where the luminous rectangles or number of images required should be placed.
- the optical situation of these rectangles with respect to the image reproductive element determines the field of vision and vice versa.
- the distances of the light sources to the image reproductive element is determined according to the volume to be occupied by the device.
- the optical power of the converging element is determined based on the distance from the light source to the reproductive element and the optical situation of these required by the field of view.
- the parameters that define the quality of the reproductive device, the fields of vision and the angles of reproduction and vision both horizontal and vertical, are what condition the design
- the integral image reproduction device object of this invention is characterized by a first surface, liquid crystal or the like, where a sequence of two-dimensional images is reproduced sequentially, that is, one after the other, responding to the coded information sent from a computer and a lighting system whose optical effect is equal to that produced by a second luminous surface located in front of the previous one, at an optical distance of this determined by the field of vision and of a wide and high optical determined by the angles of horizontal and vertical vision, this surface being constituted of luminous rectangles adjacent to each other, whose width and height is determined by the angles of reproduction ho ⁇ zontal and vertical and located in the vertices of a rectangular grid and in which each of them is illuminated and turn off sequentially and according to the synchronism signal or that joins the computer in such a way that at each moment a single rectangle is illuminated in correspondence with the image generated by transparency on the first surface
- Figures 15, 16, 17, and 18 show two devices analogous to those shown in Figures 9, 10, 11, and 12 to which a converging optical system has been incorporated to reduce volume and / or increase the field of vision that they are also object of this invention
- Figures 19, 20 and 21 show the basis of the operation of an integral reproduction device based on the angular differentiation of images whose detailed description is found in previous patents already mentioned Although this system is suitable for photographic reproductions, these three figures have been generalized. also for images reproduced on electronic media of the liquid crystal type
- Figures 1, 2 and 3 are not the subject of this invention and serve as an introduction to show the operation of a three-dimensional reproduction device based on the angular differentiation of images
- Figure 1 contains the three essential elements necessary to explain the operation of the system First of all a series of n projectors P1, P2 ,,,,,,, P ⁇ l ,,, Pn-1, Pn with its projection objectives 01, O2 ,,, O ⁇ ,,,, On-1, On whose optical centers are equidistant from each other
- These projection objectives although drawn in this figure, aligned along a straight horizontal line, in general, can be aligned according to any other ho ⁇ zontal curve.
- Figure 1 has been characterized by providing each projector with a liquid crystal F1, F2 ,,,,, F ⁇ ,,,,, Fn-1, Fn fed from a previous information of a single computer , COMP
- the signals with this information are d named in Figure 1 by S1, S2, constructive, S ⁇ , donation, Sn-1, Sn
- the optical system composed of two parallel lenticular frames is shown although this figure shows both convergent, these frames can also be divergent or one convergent and another divergent
- the first 1 2 1 lenticular frame composed of inclined cylindrical elements has a ho ⁇ zontal opening component measured by an angle of the same value as that formed by two lines that both pass through the geometric center of the lenticular frame, each one of
- Figure 2 shows the projection from the Pi projector of the Fi image.
- Figure 3 shows the simultaneous projection from the projectors P1, P2 ,,,,, Pi ,,,, Pn-1, Pn of the n images. For this, all switches E1, E2 ,,,, Ei ,,,, En-1, En are activated simultaneously. All images formed in
- Figure 4 shows a first arrangement of constituent elements of the new three-dimensional reproduction system.
- the arrangement of elements is analogous to that described in Figure 1.
- the projectors P1, P2 ,,,, Pi ,,,, Pn-1, Pn continue to have their projection objectives 01, O2 ,,, Oi ,,,, On -1, On equidistant from each other.
- the image carriers F1, F2 ,,,,, Fi ,,,, Fn-1, Fn have been deleted in these projectors.
- the images are all formed sequentially in a single liquid crystal 1.3.2 located in the same position that previously occupied the transparent surface 1.3.1 of Figure 1.
- Figure 5 shows the behavior of this first three-dimensional reproduction device when the image is being generated in the liquid c ⁇ stal 1 3 2
- the computer sends the Si signal with the information corresponding to said image and at the same time activates the switch Ei From any point of observation, for example, point 1 4 1, only the rectangle I ⁇ 1 will be seen from said image because it is the only part of the image that is illuminated from that point
- the same figure also shows the rectangle I ⁇ 2 observable from another point, for example, 1 4 2
- Figure 6 shows the behavior of this first three-dimensional reproduction device when all images 11, I2 ,,, l ⁇ ,,, ln-1, ln to be reproduced are generated one after the other in the liquid crystal.
- the computer sends a after another the signals Si, S2 ,,, St ,,,,,,,, Sn-1 Sn, whose set we have called ⁇ S, activating at every moment the switch corresponding to the signal of the same subscript From any point of observation, by example 1 1 1, a rectangle will be seen from each image Although the vision of these rectangles is sequential, if the sequence is fast enough, due to the persistence of the images in the retina, it will be observed as if it were simultaneous The set of rectangles l ⁇ + 6 1, l ⁇ + 5 1, l ⁇ + 4 1, l ⁇ + 3 1 Ii 1 l ⁇ -3 1,
- the projection objectives can be replaced by simple luminous elements of any form, for example, luminous points as we have just seen in the figures anterior 4,5 and 6, horizontal luminous segments, vertical luminous segments, or luminous rectangles.
- Figure 7 shows a second arrangement of elements for the new three-dimensional reproduction device that uses n light sources H1, H2, ,,,, Hi ,,,,, Hn-1, Hn in the form of horizontal segments whose center is located in the place occupied by the optical center of the projection objective and of a length equal to the distance between optical centers of two contiguous projection objectives.
- the optical reproduction system must therefore have a null horizontal opening with which the inclined lenticular weave 1.2.1 will be suppressed. shown in previous figures. As the same vertical opening value is needed, the lenticular weave 1.2.2 will continue to be maintained.
- composed of horizontal cylindrical elements that, as already explained, can be both convergent and divergent and with a sufficiently large aperture to allow the illuminated image to be seen at any height from any point of observation.
- Figure 8 shows a third arrangement of elements for the new three-dimensional reproduction device employing n light sources V1,
- V2 V ⁇ ,,,,, Vn-1, Vn in the form of vertical segments whose geometric center is located in the place occupied by the optical center of the projection lens and of a height of sufficient length to allow from any observation point to see the illuminated image at its full height
- the lenticular weft 1 2 2 shown in previous figures composed of horizontal cylindrical elements should be suppressed
- the lenticular frame composed of inclined convergent or divergent cylindrical elements of horizontal aperture component measured by an angle of the same value as the angle under which the inner edges of two light sources are seen is maintained.
- Figure 9 shows a fourth arrangement of elements for the new three-dimensional reproduction device employing n light sources R1, R2, R ⁇ ,,,, Rn-1 ,,,,,, Rn in rectangular shape whose geometric center is located in the place occupied by the optical center of the projection lens, of a height large enough to allow the illuminated image to be seen from any point of view, so that the plot can be suppressed horizontal lenticular and of a transverse size equal to the distance between two contiguous projection targets, with l or that the inclined lenticular frame with non-zero horizontal opening component may also be suppressed
- each image must be illuminated with the same energy as in the old one and since each of them remains illuminated for a n times smaller time interval, it will be necessary, to generate the same light energy, to use light sources of a power n times higher Although in short, the total energy consumed will be the same in the new system as in the old
- the electrical switches E1, E2 E ⁇ ,,, En-1 may be replaced, with light shutters of an electronic or electromechanical nature but in this case the total energy consumption would be ⁇ times higher
- Figure 10 shows the fifth three-dimensional reproduction system with an uninterrupted lighting system provided with a single light source PP of a power n times greater than any of the n used in the system shown in Figures 1, 2,3 .
- the beam of light generated by said single source after collimate is concentrated on a projection target that forms on a? diffuser surface SS the image of the rectangular VR window that acts as the object of said objective.
- a mirror E is interposed whose angular position is controlled by the computer through the step-by-step or direct current motor M1.
- the reflection in this mirror will cause the rectangular IRi image to move over the diffuser surface in leaps.
- position i in which the projection of the light rectangle remains at rest on the diffuser surface, corresponds to one of the positions occupied by the previous rectangular light sources shown in Figure 9.
- the computer In synchronism with the angular position of this specular element, the computer sends the different encoded information of the images to said liquid crystal.
- Figure 11 shows the sixth arrangement of elements in the new three-dimensional reproduction system without lenticular weave and using as a light source a luminous rectangle generated on the diffusing surface of a TRC cathode ray tube
- This tube without inertia and of great luminosity will obey the SR signals sent by the computer, and consequently will generate an IRi light rectangle that will jump over its diffusing surface, each jump will occupy the place corresponding to jna of the old rectangular light sources shown in Figure 9 and the same will remain bright time those were activated.
- the diffuser surface may also be composed of several cathode ray tubes adjacent to each other.
- Figure 12 shows the seventh arrangement of elements in the new three-dimensional reproduction system without lenticular weft and using as a light source a luminous rectangle projected on the diffusing surface from a PE electronic image projector. The rest of the operation is analogous to that mentioned in Figure 11.
- Figure 13 shows the different fields of view d, c2, corresponding to the observation point 1.4.1. for two lighting distances B1.B2 and the same viewing angle V. It can be seen in this figure that as the lighting distance decreases, the same viewing angle V can be preserved, with rectangular light sources also smaller or nearest punctual. The lighting distance and the size of the light sources or distance between them must vary in the same proportion to keep the value of the viewing angle constant.
- the maximum field of view for an observation point located at a certain distance, dO, from the image reproductive element is achieved by making the converging optical element 5 form the image of the luminous rectangles on the observation point itself.
- volume reduction system of the reproductive device can be used in all the systems object of this invention, it will only be explained here for the devices shown in Figures 15, 16, 17 and 18 representing rectangular lighting sources.
- Figure 15 shows an arrangement of elements for the new three-dimensional reproduction device having rectangular rectangular light sources FR and such that the geometric center of the set of rectangles is located at the distance d of the converging optical element, and of a rectangle height large enough to see the image at its full height.
- the distance d is chosen so that the volume of the reproductive system is reduced and the power of the convergent element according to the field of vision most suitable for reproduction.
- Figure 16 represents a behavioral device analogous to that of Figure 10 to which a converging optical element has been incorporated to achieve a suitable field of vision and / or reduce the volume of the reproductive equipment, that is to reduce the projection distance B at the new smallest distance d, and in the same proportion the size of the luminous rectangles.
- Figure 17 represents a device, of behavior analogous to that of Figure 11, to which a converging optical element has been incorporated to reduce the volume and / or achieve a suitable field of vision of the reproductive equipment as in Figure 16.
- Figure 18 represents a device, of behavior analogous to that of Figure 12, to which a converging optical element has been incorporated to reduce the volume of the reproductive equipment and / or achieve a suitable field of vision as in Figures 16 and 17
- the remaining figures 19, 20,21, 22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29 and 30 serve to show the operation of an integral reproduction device, that is to say a device capable of reproducing the horizontal and vertical simultaneously.
- Figures 19,20 and 21 are not the subject of this invention and serve as an introduction to show the operation of an integral reproduction device based on angular differentiation of images.
- Figure 19 shows the three sets of essential and necessary elements to show the operation of the system.
- a series of n x m Pij projectors grouped in m rows and n columns with their corresponding Oij objectives.
- the optical centers of the horizontal objectives are equidistant from each other, similarly the optical centers of the vertical objectives. These objectives are found at the vertices of a rectangular grid.
- Each projector is powered by an F.A. via a manually operated Eij switch.
- a different image is placed on each projector that can be supported on a photographic film (slide) or on an electronic medium (liquid crystal).
- each projector has been equipped with a liquid crystal Fij fed each of them from a single computer, COMP.
- the signal with the information content of each image is called Sij.
- the optical system composed of two parallel lenticular frames is shown. Although in this figure these frames have been drawn convergent they can be both divergent or one convergent and another divergent.
- the first lenticular plot 2.2.1. of vertical cylindrical elements has a horizontal aperture determined by an angle of the same value as the angle under which the inner edges of the pupils of two adjacent horizontal objectives are seen, being determined by two lines that pass through the geometric center of the weft and each of them by the inner edge of the pupils of two contiguous projection targets located in a horizontal line; the second lenticular plot 2.2.2.
- the transparent focusing surface 1.3.1. located at a distance B of the projectors and the focal distance f1 and f2 respectively from the frames 2.2.1. and 2.2.2.
- This transparent surface is the place where all the projected images are focused through each of the Pij projectors. In this figure two different points of observation are also represented 1.4.1. and 1.4.2.
- Figure 20 shows the projection through the Pij projector of the Fij image. For this, only the Eij switch must be activated. The image formed in Fij by the Sikh signal from the computer is projected and focused on the transparent surface 1.3.1. From the observation point 1.4.1. only the rectangle named in Figure Iij1 will be seen from that image. Similarly from point 1.4.2. the rectangle Iij2 will be seen.
- Figure 21 shows the simultaneous projection from each of the Pij projectors of the Fij images. To do this, all Eij switches are activated. Information on images from the COMP Sij computer they generate the images on the Fij support and their projections are focused on the transparent surface 1.3.1. From any point of observation for example 1.4.1. a rectangle will be seen from each image. The set of rectangles Iij1 will form a unique and distinct image for each observation point.
- Figure 22 shows a first arrangement of constituent elements of the new integral reproduction system.
- the arrangement of elements is analogous to that shown in Figure 19, the projectors and projection objectives continue in the same situation as in said figure. The difference is that the projectors now have the function of simple lighting sources and therefore Fij image carriers are suppressed. All images are formed sequentially in a single liquid crystal 1.3.2 located in the position previously occupied by the transparent focusing surface 1.3.1.
- Figure 23 shows the behavior of this first integral reproduction device when the lij image is generated in the liquid crystal 1.3.2.
- the computer sends the corresponding Sij signal and at the same time activates the Eij switch. From any point of observation for example 1.4.1. the rectangle Iij1 will be seen from said image because it is the only one that from that point is illuminated. The same figure also shows the rectangle Iij2 observable from point 1.4.2.
- Figure 24 shows the behavior of this first integral reproduction device when each of the nxm images is generated one after the other in the liquid crystal.
- the computer sends the signals corresponding to these images in sequence, activating only the Eij switch at the moment corresponding to the sending of the image. From any point of observation for example 1.4.1. a rectangle will be seen from each image. Although the vision of these rectangles is not simultaneous but sequential, if the sequence is fast enough, due to the persistence of the images in the retina, they will appear as if they were. The set of rectangles Iij1 will form a unique and different image for each observation point.
- the fact that the projectors have become simple sources of lighting derives an important consequence:
- the projection objectives can be replaced by simple luminous points as we have just seen, or by luminous elements in the form of vertical or horizontal segments, or in Rectangle shape
- Figure 25 shows a second arrangement of elements for the new integral reproduction device that uses nxm Hij light sources in the form of horizontal segments whose geometric center is located in the place occupied by the optical center of the projection target and of a length equal to the distance between optical centers of two adjacent horizontal projection targets.
- the optical reproduction system can have a null horizontal opening and consequently the lenticular weft can be eliminated composed of vertical cylinders; as necessary, the same vertical opening value will continue to maintain the lenticular frame composed of horizontal cylinders.
- Figure 26 shows a third arrangement of elements for the new integral reproduction device that uses nxm Vij light sources in the form of vertical segments, whose geometric center is located in the place occupied by the optical center of the projection target and a height of length equal to the distance between optical centers of two adjacent vertical projection lenses, the lenticular frame of horizontal cylinders is suppressed although the frame of vertical cylinders is maintained.
- Figure 27 shows a fourth arrangement of elements for the new integral reproduction device using nxm Rij light sources in the form of rectangles whose geometric center is located in the place occupied by the optical center of the projection lens, of equal height at the distance between two optical centers of adjacent vertical projection lenses and of a width of length equal to the distance between two optical centers of adjacent horizontal projection objectives. Consequently, the optical reproduction system is completely suppressed since neither the optical frame of horizontal elements nor the composite of vertical cylindrical elements is needed.
- FIG 28 shows a fifth integral reproduction system with an uninterrupted lighting system equipped with a single light source.
- the light source PP is of a power nxm times higher than that used in the system shown in Figures 19, 20 and 21.
- the beam generated by said source after colliding is concentrated on a projection target that forms on a diffusing surface the VCij image of the rectangular VC window that acts as the object of said objective.
- two flat EH and EV mirror elements are interposed whose position is controlled by the computer through two motors, M1 and M2, step by step or direct current. The reflection on these elements Speculars will cause the rectangular image to jump over the diffuser surface.
- Each of these jumps, ij corresponds to one of the positions occupied by the previous rectangular lighting sources shown in Figure 27.
- the specular element with vertical axis of rotation shifts the luminous rectangle from left to right and the specular element with axis horizontal rotation moves it from top to bottom.
- both the projection distance and the size of the lighting rectangles must be reduced, keeping the same values for the viewing and horizontal and vertical reproduction angles.
- Figure 29 shows a sixth arrangement of elements for the new integral reproduction device that has rectangular light sources whose center The geometric set of rectangles is located at distance d from the converging optical element 5.
- Figure 30 shows a seventh arrangement of the elements for the new integral reproduction device that has a single light source PP as shown in Figure 28 projecting a light rectangle through two mirror elements moved by the M1 and M2 engines on a diffuser surface whose geometric center is at the distance d of a converging element that is adjacent to the image reproductive element.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU55023/96A AU5502396A (en) | 1996-04-12 | 1996-04-22 | Device for reproducing images in three dimensions based on the angular differentiation of images |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ESP9600843 | 1996-04-12 | ||
ES09600843A ES2112790B1 (es) | 1996-04-12 | 1996-04-12 | Dispositivo de reproduccion de imagenes en tres dimensiones en la diferenciacion angular de imagenes. |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO1997039376A1 true WO1997039376A1 (es) | 1997-10-23 |
Family
ID=8294486
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/ES1996/000092 WO1997039376A1 (es) | 1996-04-12 | 1996-04-22 | Dispositivo de reproduccion de imagenes en tres dimensiones basado en la diferenciacion angular de imagenes |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AU (1) | AU5502396A (es) |
ES (1) | ES2112790B1 (es) |
WO (1) | WO1997039376A1 (es) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0576106A1 (en) * | 1992-06-10 | 1993-12-29 | Dimension Technologies, Inc. | Autostereoscopic display |
WO1994006249A1 (en) * | 1992-09-09 | 1994-03-17 | Eichenlaub Jesse B | Stroboscopic illumination system for video displays |
GB2272597A (en) * | 1992-11-11 | 1994-05-18 | Sharp Kk | 3-D Display apparatus. |
-
1996
- 1996-04-12 ES ES09600843A patent/ES2112790B1/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-04-22 AU AU55023/96A patent/AU5502396A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-04-22 WO PCT/ES1996/000092 patent/WO1997039376A1/es active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0576106A1 (en) * | 1992-06-10 | 1993-12-29 | Dimension Technologies, Inc. | Autostereoscopic display |
WO1994006249A1 (en) * | 1992-09-09 | 1994-03-17 | Eichenlaub Jesse B | Stroboscopic illumination system for video displays |
GB2272597A (en) * | 1992-11-11 | 1994-05-18 | Sharp Kk | 3-D Display apparatus. |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU5502396A (en) | 1997-11-07 |
ES2112790A1 (es) | 1998-04-01 |
ES2112790B1 (es) | 1998-11-01 |
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