WO1997035466A1 - Sterilisateur pour appareil de culture hydroponique a circulation, technique de sterilisation d'une solution nutritive au moyen de celui-ci et appareil de culture hydroponique a circulation - Google Patents

Sterilisateur pour appareil de culture hydroponique a circulation, technique de sterilisation d'une solution nutritive au moyen de celui-ci et appareil de culture hydroponique a circulation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1997035466A1
WO1997035466A1 PCT/JP1997/001016 JP9701016W WO9735466A1 WO 1997035466 A1 WO1997035466 A1 WO 1997035466A1 JP 9701016 W JP9701016 W JP 9701016W WO 9735466 A1 WO9735466 A1 WO 9735466A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
activated carbon
nutrient solution
cultivation
circulation
titanium dioxide
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP1997/001016
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Mitsuo Suzuki
Kazushi Matsuura
Original Assignee
Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation filed Critical Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation
Publication of WO1997035466A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997035466A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
    • C02F1/32—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with ultraviolet light
    • C02F1/325—Irradiation devices or lamp constructions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/50—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a circulating hydroponic cultivation apparatus, a circulating hydroponic cultivation apparatus, and a nutrient solution sterilizing method.
  • the circulating hydroponic cultivation apparatus s of the present invention suppresses the propagation of pathogenic bacteria that cause diseases such as root rot in nutrient solution in circulating hydroponic cultivation such as hydroponics or solid medium cultivation, Furthermore, it can also remove wastes (water-soluble organic matter) discharged from the roots.
  • a hydroponic cultivation device does not require replacement of the nutrient solution, and is a hydroponic cultivation device that realizes no chemicals. It is preferably used.
  • Hydroponic cultivation for cultivating crops using an aqueous solution containing nutrients necessary for plants (hereinafter referred to as “culture liquid”) instead of soil is roughly classified into hydroponic cultivation and solid medium cultivation.
  • Tillage is immersed water culture and culture liquid thin water culture (NFT), and solid culture cultivation is represented by rock wool cultivation, gravel cultivation, and sand cultivation.
  • NFT culture liquid thin water culture
  • the main port liquid-type hydroponic systems on the market are M-type hydroponics ⁇ Kyowa-type hypoponica • Shinwa-type equivalent exchange hydroponics ⁇ Shinwa-type NS hydroponic JT Raku Nojiro and others.
  • the cultivation bed is composed of lightweight styrene molded products, and the culture solution is collected in a storage tank and circulated.
  • the cultivation bed also serves as a liquid storage tank and the culture solution is refluxed in the bed.
  • Each hydroponic system is characterized by its own oxygen enrichment system, supply / drainage system and culture solution control system.
  • the submerged hydroponic method has a feature that the root temperature is not easily influenced by the temperature in the greenhouse because a large amount of culture solution exists in the root area.
  • Culture medium is usually controlled by temperature, pH and EC value.
  • Hydroponic cultivation has been researched and developed as a cultivation method that can avoid soil-borne diseases, and its biggest feature is that continuous cropping failure can be avoided and the yield is large.
  • unlike soil there is no antagonistic activity against pathogenic bacteria, so the damage caused when the pathogens enter the cultivation bed or the culture solution circulation system is extremely large. It has little soil-like buffering action, easily spreads pathogens, has many opportunities for contact with roots, and spreads more easily than soil culture when bacteria are mixed in the culture solution.
  • pathogens in a culture broth propagate in the form of spores, hyphae, and zoospores, invade from the roots, and cause root rot.
  • damping-off and wilting caused by bacilli, rhizoctonia, fusaria, etc.! Means that most hydroponic crops are affected.
  • pesticides are usually used. Residual pesticides in cultivated crops are more likely to shrink in hydroponic cultures than in soil cultivated crops, and their effects on the human body are higher. I was uneasy because I could not say that there were few.
  • the culture medium is frequently replaced, but it is not a preferable solution from the viewpoint of environmental problems such as contamination of groundwater and rivers, as well as cost and labor.
  • consumers have strongly demanded the use of pesticide-free and pesticide-free products, and a sterilization method that does not use pesticides has been demanded.
  • a sterilization method that does not use pesticides in the nutrient solution cultivation method a sterilization method using ultraviolet light, ozone, heating, etc. is known, but it is difficult to obtain a sufficient effect only with ultraviolet light, and heating devices and ozone generators This equipment had problems such as difficult maintenance and high cost.
  • the above-mentioned conventional circulating nutrient cultivation equipment requires replacement of the culture medium, and has problems such as the expensive sterilization equipment and insufficient effectiveness.
  • the present inventors have conducted intensive studies in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and as a result, have found that activated carbon, especially activated carbon to which a specific substance has been adhered, is used in hydroponic cultivation, solid culture cultivation, and other circulating nutrient cultures.
  • the present inventors have found out that such a problem is solved by using a sterilizing apparatus that has been used, and have reached the present invention. That is, the object of the present invention is to remove waste products from roots.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a hydroponic device that can be made unnecessary.
  • the object of the present invention is attained by a circulating type nutrient cultivation sterilizer using activated carbon.
  • the sterilizing apparatus for a circulating nutrient cultivation apparatus in which the activated carbon is silver-impregnated activated carbon and as a further preferred embodiment, the sterilizing apparatus for a circulating type nutrient cultivating apparatus using an activated carbon having an ultraviolet irradiation device and a titanium dioxide tank.
  • the device and the activated carbon are activated carbon deposited on the surface of titanium dioxide, and can be easily achieved by a circulating type nutrient cultivation device S having a UV irradiation lightning arrestor and a circulating type nutrient cultivation device incorporating these sterilizing devices. . BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram in which a fixed bed type activated carbon filling tank having a sterilizing function is installed in a general circulation type nutrient cultivation apparatus that can be used in the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the circulation type nutrient solution device of the present invention, in which an activated carbon filling tank is adjacent to a culture solution tank in a fluidized bed type.
  • 1 is a cultivation bed
  • 2 is a feed pump
  • 3 is a culture tank
  • 4 is a fertilizer
  • 5 1 3 1 Replacement paper (Rule 26) Is an activated carbon filling tank with a sterilizing function
  • 6 is a supply pipe
  • 7 is a waste liquid pipe
  • 8 is a pump
  • 9 is an activated carbon filling tank (fluidized bed)
  • 10 is a titanium dioxide coated glass tube
  • 11 is an ultraviolet lamp. is there.
  • the present invention will be described in more detail.
  • the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the present invention is obtained by incorporating a sterilizing apparatus using activated carbon into a conventional hydroponic cultivation apparatus, and a conventional apparatus can be used as is except for the sterilizing apparatus using activated carbon.
  • a sterilizing device using activated carbon which characterizes the present invention may be added to the existing hydroponic cultivation device.
  • the form in which the activated carbon is used in the apparatus of the present invention is not particularly limited, as long as the activated liquid can be sterilized by the activated carbon, for example, by filling a filling tank with activated carbon and passing a nutrient solution.
  • activated carbon used in the present invention granular or fibrous activated carbon is preferable.
  • Minerals such as coal tar, coal pitch and petroleum pitch, and fibrous activated carbon such as rayon, acryl, phenol and coal pitch are preferably used. Since the adsorption capacity of activated carbon greatly depends on the specific surface ⁇ , those with a large specific surface may be used in small quantities, and those with small specific surfaces are required in large quantities. Due to the size of the activated carbon tank, it is not preferable to use a large amount of tanks with low specific surface area. The specific surface area is desirably 100 m 2 / g or more, and the amount of activated carbon used may be determined according to the water used.
  • the amount is 100 to 500 kg, more preferably 50 to 300 kg, with respect to the amount of water of 100 t.
  • the activated carbon filling tank may be either fixed bed or fluidized bed, and may be upward flow or downward flow.
  • One of the preferred activated carbons used in the present invention is silver-impregnated activated carbon to which silver or a silver compound is adhered.
  • Silver-impregnated activated carbon is not particularly limited as long as it has silver or a silver compound attached to the activated carbon surface.
  • the amount of silver impregnated is not particularly limited as long as it has silver or a silver compound attached to the activated carbon surface.
  • Replacement form (Rule 26) It is preferably about 0.001 wt% to 3 wt%, and it may be adjusted to be 20 ppb or more in terms of the concentration of silver ion eluted in the nutrient solution.
  • a titanium dioxide tank filled with photocatalytic titanium dioxide may be provided.
  • the titanium dioxide tank include those coated with T i 0 2 in a glass tube or glass fibers by a sol-gel method, by a child ultraviolet irradiation thereto, the titanium dioxide ultraviolet light is photocatalyst Excited by the cations, holes are generated, and the oxidizing action of OH radicals on the surface enables sterilization.
  • the activated carbon filling tank may be placed before or after the titanium dioxide tank. However, it is more preferable to install the activated carbon filling tank before the titanium dioxide tank in order to prevent the ultraviolet irradiation effect from being reduced due to the contamination of the titanium dioxide tank.
  • the coating film on the glass tube or glass fiber is preferably a porous film having a small primary particle diameter, and the primary particle diameter is preferably ⁇ or less, more preferably 100 nm or less.
  • a dip coating method is suitable for forming a porous film by multilayer coating.
  • the light source used need only include a wavelength of less than or equal to 380 nm, and is not particularly limited.
  • the UV illuminance is preferably 10 ⁇ w / cm 2 or more.
  • activated carbon having titanium dioxide on its surface If activated carbon having titanium dioxide on its surface is used, an ultraviolet irradiation device is required, but a titanium dioxide tank is not required, and the device becomes more compact. Furthermore, waste products adsorbed and concentrated on the surface of activated carbon are decomposed by the photocatalytic effect of titanium dioxide, and have the advantage that they can be used for a longer period of time than other activated carbons.
  • the activated carbon particle-filled tank with titanium dioxide By irradiating the activated carbon particle-filled tank with titanium dioxide on the surface with ultraviolet light, the photocatalyst, titanium dioxide, is excited by ultraviolet light, generating holes, and oxidizing OH radicals that occur on the surface, resulting in sterilization and waste products. (Water-soluble organic matter) is decomposed and removed.
  • the activated carbon is a surface hydroponics equipment that can more efficiently adsorb and remove waste (water-soluble organic matter) discharged from the roots.
  • an activated carbon filed by the present inventors characterized in that titanium dioxide is present on the surface and has a lightness L value of 50 or less
  • Japanese Patent Application No. 7-0 3 7 7 5 8 Japanese Patent Application No. 7-0 3 7 7 5 8
  • a method of manufacturing coal-based activated carbon by pulverizing, granulating, crushing, carbonizing, and activating coal adding titanium dioxide to coal before granulation Activated carbon
  • activated carbon such as granulated activated carbon (Japanese Patent Application No. 7-221969) characterized by adding titanium dioxide to raw material carbon before granulation is suitable. Can be used. Of titanium dioxide on activated carbon surface!
  • the size of each particle and the distribution of titanium dioxide (whether expressed in terms of% by weight, depending on the surface alone or the force of uniform mixing during granulation, etc.)
  • the surface brightness indicates the state in which activated carbon itself is covered and titanium dioxide does not hinder the adsorption action of the activated carbon itself, and sufficient titanium dioxide is present on the surface to obtain the effect.
  • the method is to fill a round glass cell under the optical conditions of 0 degree illumination and 45 degree light reception with a spectrophotometer.
  • Activated carbon particles adhering to the surface of titanium dioxide are preferably shaped as cylinders or flat plates in order to efficiently irradiate ultraviolet rays.
  • a double tube is used as the inner tube and a light source is used in the inner tube. It is preferable to set S.
  • the wavelength and illuminance of the light source used are the same as in the case of using the titanium dioxide tank described above.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a fixed-bed type activated carbon filling tank having a sterilizing function installed in a general circulation type nutrient cultivation apparatus.
  • 1 is a cultivation bed
  • 2 is a liquid supply pump
  • 3 is a culture liquid tank
  • 4 is a fertilizer
  • 5 is an activated carbon filling tank having a sterilizing function
  • 6 is a liquid supply pipe
  • 7 is a waste liquid pipe.
  • the activated carbon filling tank can be installed either next to the culture tank, such as by pumping it from the culture tank and returning it to the culture tank through an activated carbon tank that has a sterilizing function. Either of them is preferable.
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram when the activated carbon filling tank is of the fluidized bed type and is adjacent to the culture solution tank.
  • FIG. 2 8 is a pump, 9 is an activated carbon filling tank (fluidized bed), 10 is a titanium dioxide coated glass tube, and 11 is an ultraviolet lamp.
  • the activated carbon packed bed is a fluidized bed type, but may be a fixed bed, and is not particularly limited. If titanium dioxide surface-adhesive activated carbon is used as the activated carbon, an ultraviolet lamp may be installed as shown at 10,11.
  • the ultraviolet lamp is externally mounted, but the glass tube may be doubled and an ultraviolet lamp may be installed at the center.
  • the glass material a quartz tube having a high ultraviolet transmittance is more preferable, but an ordinary glass tube such as Pyrex may be used.
  • a bactericidal test was performed on the pathogenic bacteria that pose a problem in hydroponics.
  • Activated carbon (silver content: 1.9%, particle size: 0.35 to 0.71 mm, specific surface: 1000 mVg) manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Co., Ltd. was subjected to high-pressure steam sterilization with 120 ⁇ for 20 minutes at 120 ⁇ . Put this sterilized silver impregnated active 0.05 g and soft-rot Pattern bacterium (Erwinia carotovora ssp. Carotvora) of force 10 6 ⁇ 1 0 7 CFU / ml aqueous solution of 5 m 1 of a glass container having an inner diameter of 36 mm, maintained at 25 Was.
  • the calculation of the number of bacteria was carried out on an agar medium by a dilution plate method after diluting 100 times after sampling 0.1 ml.
  • the initial concentration was 1 ⁇ 10 7 CFU / ml, and the number of bacteria after 2 hours was 1 ⁇ 10 3 CFU / ml or less.
  • the degree of silver in the solution was measured by ICP emission spectroscopy and found to be 0.54 ppm.
  • Tomato instead of soft rot?
  • the experiment was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a tooth (a small conidiospore of Fusarium oxysporum f. Lycopersici) was used.
  • the initial concentration was 8 ⁇ 10 6 CFU / ml, and the bacterial count after 2 hours was 7 ⁇ 10 5 CFU / ml.
  • silver-impregnated activated carbon can have a great effect on disinfecting pathogenic bacteria, which is a problem in hydroponics.
  • the sterilizing apparatus for a circulation type hydroponic culture device and the hydroponic culture device using the same according to the present invention remove waste products (water-soluble organic substances) discharged from roots and further remove root rot in the culture solution. Propagation of pathogenic bacteria causing disease can be suppressed, and as a result, the culture medium does not need to be replaced or the number of replacements can be drastically reduced, responding to consumers' demand for eliminating pesticides and providing tremendous industrial benefits. Things.

Abstract

Appareil de culture hydroponique à circulation grâce auquel les déchets (substances organiques hydrosolubles) évacués par les racines sont éliminés, la propagation des substances pathogènes dans la solution nutritive est supprimée, le nombre de remplacements de la solution nutritive est réduit, ces remplacements étant même supprimés dans certains cas. La solution nutritive, pompée à partir d'un réservoir (3) au moyen d'une pompe d'alimentation (2), passe par un bain (5) rempli de charbon activé, qui stérilise la solution. Il est préférable, pour le bain, d'employer du charbon activé imprégné d'argent. Pour éliminer plus efficacement les déchets de la solution nutritive par adsorption, on peut exposer la solution nutritive aux rayons ultraviolets lorsqu'on emploie en outre un bain rempli de dioxyde de titane ou du charbon imprégné de dioxyde de titane.
PCT/JP1997/001016 1996-03-26 1997-03-26 Sterilisateur pour appareil de culture hydroponique a circulation, technique de sterilisation d'une solution nutritive au moyen de celui-ci et appareil de culture hydroponique a circulation WO1997035466A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP7024296 1996-03-26
JP8/70242 1996-03-26

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1997035466A1 true WO1997035466A1 (fr) 1997-10-02

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PCT/JP1997/001016 WO1997035466A1 (fr) 1996-03-26 1997-03-26 Sterilisateur pour appareil de culture hydroponique a circulation, technique de sterilisation d'une solution nutritive au moyen de celui-ci et appareil de culture hydroponique a circulation

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107853062A (zh) * 2017-12-07 2018-03-30 贵州省烟草公司贵阳市公司 一种综合利用烤烟育苗营养液及大棚来种植葡萄的方法
CN108029540A (zh) * 2017-12-07 2018-05-15 贵州省烟草公司贵阳市公司 一种利用烤烟育苗大棚育苗残液种植西瓜的方法
CN110754155A (zh) * 2019-10-14 2020-02-07 吴洪生 一种土壤连作障碍仪研制及应用

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0422410A (ja) * 1990-05-17 1992-01-27 Takuma Co Ltd 濾材
JPH063494U (ja) * 1991-10-28 1994-01-18 株式会社日本フォトサイエンス 流体の光化学反応処理装置
JPH06303865A (ja) * 1993-04-26 1994-11-01 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 水耕栽培装置
JPH08196903A (ja) * 1995-01-24 1996-08-06 Agency Of Ind Science & Technol 多孔質光触媒及びその製造方法
JPH08266171A (ja) * 1995-04-03 1996-10-15 Unitika Ltd 水耕栽培における養液の処理方法

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0422410A (ja) * 1990-05-17 1992-01-27 Takuma Co Ltd 濾材
JPH063494U (ja) * 1991-10-28 1994-01-18 株式会社日本フォトサイエンス 流体の光化学反応処理装置
JPH06303865A (ja) * 1993-04-26 1994-11-01 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 水耕栽培装置
JPH08196903A (ja) * 1995-01-24 1996-08-06 Agency Of Ind Science & Technol 多孔質光触媒及びその製造方法
JPH08266171A (ja) * 1995-04-03 1996-10-15 Unitika Ltd 水耕栽培における養液の処理方法

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107853062A (zh) * 2017-12-07 2018-03-30 贵州省烟草公司贵阳市公司 一种综合利用烤烟育苗营养液及大棚来种植葡萄的方法
CN108029540A (zh) * 2017-12-07 2018-05-15 贵州省烟草公司贵阳市公司 一种利用烤烟育苗大棚育苗残液种植西瓜的方法
CN107853062B (zh) * 2017-12-07 2020-09-01 贵州省烟草公司贵阳市公司 一种综合利用烤烟育苗营养液及大棚来种植葡萄的方法
CN108029540B (zh) * 2017-12-07 2020-09-01 贵州省烟草公司贵阳市公司 一种利用烤烟育苗大棚育苗残液种植西瓜的方法
CN110754155A (zh) * 2019-10-14 2020-02-07 吴洪生 一种土壤连作障碍仪研制及应用

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