WO1997034326B1 - Amorphous-crystalline thermocouple and methods of its manufacture - Google Patents
Amorphous-crystalline thermocouple and methods of its manufactureInfo
- Publication number
- WO1997034326B1 WO1997034326B1 PCT/US1997/003607 US9703607W WO9734326B1 WO 1997034326 B1 WO1997034326 B1 WO 1997034326B1 US 9703607 W US9703607 W US 9703607W WO 9734326 B1 WO9734326 B1 WO 9734326B1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- solid phase
- thermocouple
- section
- length
- composition
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract 6
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract 53
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract 28
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract 26
- 230000001131 transforming Effects 0.000 claims abstract 13
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract 7
- 230000005678 Seebeck effect Effects 0.000 claims 8
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 claims 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 6
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052803 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000006060 molten glass Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000171 quenching Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
Abstract
A thermocouple (10) formed of a length of a single composition having a first solid phase section (12) adjoining a second solid phase section (16), and a transition (14) therebetween. One method of making such thermocouples (10) is to raise the temperature of the first solid phase section (12) above its transformation temperature while maintaining the temperature of the second adjoining solid phase section (16). A second method includes rapidly solidifying a molten material (40) by contacting it with a moving substrate (44) formed of adjoining regions of differing thermal conductivity (48, 46). A third method includes rapidly solidifying a molten material (72) by alternatingly contacting it with a cooling fluid (76) and air. A fourth method includes transforming a section of a length of material in a first solid phase to a second solid phase by mechanical means.
Claims
25
AMENDED CLAIMS
[received by the International Bureau on 23 September 1997 (23.09.97); original claims 1 and 37-39 amended; original claims 3 and 4 cancelled; remaining claims unchanged (8 pages)] 1. (Amended) A thermocouple comprising: a length of material of a single chemical composition, said length having two sections; a first solid phase section; and a second solid phase section; said sections adjoining one another to form a continuous transition, wherein said transition is capable of experiencing a Seebeck Effect; and wherein said first solid phase is amoφhous and said second solid phase is crystalline.
2. The thermocouple according to claim 1 , wherein said length of material has a minimum thickness or diameter in the range of about 1 to 100 micrometers.
3. (Canceled)
4. (Canceled)
5. The thermocouple according to claim 1, wherein said composition is selected from the group consisting of cobalt-based, iron-base, and nickel- based alloys.
6. The thermocouple according to claim 1, wherein said thermocouple further comprises a protective coating surrounding said thermocouple.
7. The thermocouple according to claim 6, wherein said protective coating is chemically resistant.
8. A method of making a thermocouple formed from a length of material of a single chemical composition comprising: supplying a length of said material which is in a first solid phase; raising the temperature of a first section of said length of material above a transformation temperature of said composition for a time sufficient to transform said composition to a second solid phase while maintaining the temperature of a second section of said length of material adjoining said first section below said transformation temperature wherein said transition is capable of experiencing a Seebeck Effect.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein said first section is resistively heated by passing an electrical current therethrough.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein said current is applied through an electrical contact at an end of said second section adjoining said first section, said contact also comprising a heat sink in physical contact with said second section at an end thereof adjoining said first section.
11. The method according to claim 8, wherein said first section is heated by contacting said first section with a liquid at a temperature above said transformation temperature.
12. The method according to claim 11, wherein said first section is contacted with said liquid by being immersed therein while physically contacting said second section with a heat sink.
13. The method according to claim 12, wherein said liquid is selected from the group consisting of molten glass and molten plastic.
14. The method according to claim 12, wherein immersion in said liquid also forms a protective coating on said second section.
15. The method according to claim 14, wherein a protective coating is further applied to said second section.
27 16. A method of making a thermocouple formed from a single composition, said thermocouple comprising a first solid phase region, a second solid phase region and a transition therebetween, said method comprising: continuously causing a stream of a molten material of a single composition to contact a moving substrate, said substrate comprising adjoining regions of first and second thermal conductivities; and cooling and solidifying a length of said molten stream by contact with said moving substrate, said cooling occurring at different rates in said first and second thermal conductivity regions to form at least a first portion of said composition in a first solid phase on said first thermal conductivity region and at least one second portion of said composition in a second solid phase on said second thermal conductivity region and at least one transition therebetween, wherein said transition is capable of experiencing a Seebeck Effect.
17. The method according to claim 16, wherein a protective coating is applied to said thermocouple.
18. The method according to claim 16, wherein said substrate surface is a circumferental surface of a cylindrical member and the movement of said substrate is effected by rotating said cylinder.
19. The method according to claim 16, said method further comprises: providing at least one gap in said substrate, and successively separating said thermocouples from one another at said gap.
20. The method according to claim 18, said method further comprising: providing at least one circumferental gap between said first and second thermal conductivity regions; said gap forming a perforation in said solidified length of molten stream between said first thermal conductivity region and said second thermal conductivity
28 21. The method according to claim 18, said method further comprising: cutting said thermocouple along a length of said transition.
22. The method according to claim 18, said method further comprising: said circumferental surface having a perimeter and being divided along said perimeter into said first thermal conductivity region and said second thermal conductivity region and including, at least one juncture between said regions, a gap not parallel to the direction of motion of said cylindrical member.
23. The method according to claim 18, said method further comprising: said circumferental surface being divided along a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of said circumferental surface into said first thermal conductivity and second thermal conductivity regions and including at least one gap crossing both of said regions and not parallel to said plane.
24. A method of making a thermocouple from a single composition, said thermocouple comprising a first solid phase region, a second solid phase region and a transition therebetween, said method comprising: continuously causing a stream of a molten material of a single composition alternately to contact at least one fluid stream and ambient air surrounding said fluid stream, cooling and solidifying portions of a length of molten material at different rates by contact with said fluid stream and air to form at least one first portion of a first solid phase when said molten material is in contact with said fluid stream and at least one second portion of a second solid phase when said molten material is in contact with said air and at least one transition therebetween, wherein said transition is capable of experiencing a Seebeck Effect.
25. The method according to claim 24, wherein said stream of molten material initially has a protective coating.
29 26. The method according to claim 25, wherein said protective coating is selected from the group consisting of glass and ceramic.
27. The method according to claim 24, wherein a protective coating is applied to said thermocouple.
28. The method according to claim 24, wherein said first fluid stream is selected from the group consisting of water and oil.
29. A method of measuring temperature comprising measuring a potential difference across the thermocouple of claim 1.
30. The method according to claim 31, wherein said method further comprises heating said thermocouple to a temperature above a temperature of the medium in which the thermocouple will be placed and below the said transformation temperature of said composition.
31. The method according to claim 8, wherein said first solid phase is amorphous and said second solid phase is crystalline.
32. The method according to claim 8, wherein said first and second solid phases are crystalline.
33. The method according to claim 16, wherein said first solid phase is amoφhous and said second solid phase is crystalline.
34. The method according to claim 16, wherein said first and second solid phases are crystalline.
35. The method according to claim 24, wherein said first solid phase is amoφhous and said second solid phase is crystalline.
36. The method according to claim 24, wherein said first and second solid phases are crystalline.
30 37. (Amended) A thermocouple formed from a length of material of a single chemical composition, said thermocouple comprising a first solid phase section, and a second solid phase section and a continuous transition therebetween produced in accordance with the following method supplying a length of said material which is in a first solid phase; raising the temperature of a first section of said length of material above a transformation temperature of said composition for a time sufficient to transform said composition to a second solid phase while maintaining the temperature of a second section of said length of material adjoining said first section below said transformation temperature, wherein said transition is capable of experiencing a Seebeck Effect, and said first solid phase is amoφhous and said second solid phase is crystalline.
38. (Amended) A thermocouple formed from a single chemical composition, said thermocouple comprising a first solid phase section, a second solid phase section and a continuous transition therebetween produced in accordance with the following method continuously causing a stream of a molten material of a single composition to contact a moving substrate, said substrate comprising adjoining regions of first and second thermal conductivities; and cooling and solidifying a length of said molten stream by contact with said moving substrate, said cooling occurring at different rates in said first and second thermal conductivity regions to form at least a first portion of said composition in a first solid phase on said first thermal conductivity region and at least one second portion of said composition in a second solid phase on said second thermal conductivity region and at least one continuous transition therebetween, wherein said transition is capable of experiencing a Seebeck Effect, and 31 wherein said first solid phase is amoφhous and said second solid phase is crystalline.
39. (Amended) A thermocouple formed from a single chemical composition, said thermocouple comprising a first solid phase section, a second solid phase section and a continuous transition therebetween produced in accordance with the following method continuously causing a stream of a molten material of a single composition alternately to contact at least one fluid stream and ambient air surrounding said fluid stream, cooling and solidifying portions of a length of molten material at different rates by contact with said fluid stream and air to form at least one first portion of a first solid phase when said molten material is in contact with said fluid stream and at least one second portion of a second solid phase when said molten material is in contact with said air and at least one continuous transition therebetween, wherein said transition is capable of experiencing a Seebeck Effect, and wherein said first solid phase is amoφhous and said second solid phase is crystalline.
40. A method of making a thermocouple formed at a length of material of a single chemical composition comprising: supplying a length of said material which is in a first solid phase, transforming by mechanical means a first section of said length of material to a second solid phase, while maintaining a second section of said length of material in said first solid phase. to form a transition between said first and second sections, wherein said transition is capable of experiencing a Seebeck Effect.
41. The method according to claim 40, wherein said transformation means is selected from the group consisting of cold working and pressure.
32 42. The method according to claim 40, wherein said first solid phase is amoφhous and said second solid phase is crystalline.
43. The method according to claim 40, wherein said first and second solid phases are crystalline.
44. The method accordmg to claim 33, wherein said method further comprises heating said thermocouple to a temperature above a temperature of the medium in which the thermocouple will be placed and below the said transformation temperature of said composition.
45. The method according to claim 35, wherein said method further comprises heating said thermocouple to a temperature above a temperature of the medium in which the thermocouple will be placed and below the said transformation temperature of said composition.
46. The method according to claim 42, wherein said method further comprises heating said thermocouple to a temperature above a temperature of the medium in which the thermocouple will be placed and below the said transformation temperature of said composition.
47. The method according to claim 8, wherein said method further comprises quenching said thermocouple.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU21994/97A AU2199497A (en) | 1996-03-11 | 1997-03-06 | Amorphous-crystalline thermocouple and methods of its manufacture |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US61337396A | 1996-03-11 | 1996-03-11 | |
| US08/613,373 | 1996-03-11 | ||
| US08/680,040 | 1996-07-15 | ||
| US08/680,040 US5808233A (en) | 1996-03-11 | 1996-07-15 | Amorphous-crystalline thermocouple and methods of its manufacture |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1997034326A1 WO1997034326A1 (en) | 1997-09-18 |
| WO1997034326B1 true WO1997034326B1 (en) | 1997-11-06 |
Family
ID=27087005
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US1997/003607 WO1997034326A1 (en) | 1996-03-11 | 1997-03-06 | Amorphous-crystalline thermocouple and methods of its manufacture |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5808233A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2199497A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1997034326A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5989721A (en) * | 1996-05-15 | 1999-11-23 | Tapeswitch Corporation Of America | Device and method for generating electrical energy |
| JP2000023063A (en) * | 1998-06-26 | 2000-01-21 | Sony Corp | Video reproducing device and reproducing method |
| JP2000164942A (en) * | 1998-11-25 | 2000-06-16 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Thermoelectric module |
| US6678680B1 (en) | 2000-01-06 | 2004-01-13 | Mark Woo | Music search engine |
| IT1319453B1 (en) * | 2000-06-09 | 2003-10-10 | Dario Felisario | ELECTROTHERMIC DEVICE FOR THE IGNITION AND DETECTION OF FLAMES IN GAS BURNERS. |
| AU2003253430A1 (en) * | 2002-08-13 | 2004-03-03 | Showa Denko K.K. | Filled skutterudite-based alloy, production method thereof and thermoelectric conversion device fabricated using the alloy |
| US7767564B2 (en) * | 2005-12-09 | 2010-08-03 | Zt3 Technologies, Inc. | Nanowire electronic devices and method for producing the same |
| US8658880B2 (en) * | 2005-12-09 | 2014-02-25 | Zt3 Technologies, Inc. | Methods of drawing wire arrays |
| US20070131269A1 (en) * | 2005-12-09 | 2007-06-14 | Biprodas Dutta | High density nanowire arrays in glassy matrix |
| US7559215B2 (en) | 2005-12-09 | 2009-07-14 | Zt3 Technologies, Inc. | Methods of drawing high density nanowire arrays in a glassy matrix |
| JP5493205B2 (en) * | 2009-06-17 | 2014-05-14 | 独立行政法人物質・材料研究機構 | Thermocouple and thermometer using it |
| DE102009043414B4 (en) * | 2009-09-29 | 2016-09-22 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Three-dimensional microstructure, arrangement with at least two three-dimensional micro-structures, method for producing the micro-structure and use of the micro-structure |
| US20120250726A1 (en) * | 2011-04-04 | 2012-10-04 | Tsi Technologies Llc | Micro-thermocouple |
| US9963769B2 (en) * | 2012-07-05 | 2018-05-08 | Apple Inc. | Selective crystallization of bulk amorphous alloy |
| CN113373409B (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2022-11-22 | 中国农业机械化科学研究院 | Temperature-control thermocouple protection tube and coating preparation method thereof |
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| US885430A (en) * | 1907-12-27 | 1908-04-21 | William H Bristol | Thermo-electric couple. |
| US2407678A (en) * | 1942-04-11 | 1946-09-17 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Thermoelectric system |
| US2402663A (en) * | 1942-04-11 | 1946-06-25 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Thermoelectric device |
| NL66954C (en) * | 1946-03-20 | |||
| US2993340A (en) * | 1959-04-09 | 1961-07-25 | Carrier Corp | Refrigeration system |
| DE1076210B (en) * | 1959-07-03 | 1960-02-25 | Siemens Ag | Thermoelectric combination, especially thermo-column |
| US3530008A (en) * | 1967-01-26 | 1970-09-22 | Anatoly Grigorievich Samoilovi | Thermo-e.m.f. generator consisting of a single crystal anisotropic cadmium antimonide |
| US3652346A (en) * | 1968-09-18 | 1972-03-28 | Japan National Railway | Method of induction hardening for improving fatigue strength of boundary of heated zone |
| US3669762A (en) * | 1969-09-18 | 1972-06-13 | Sumitomo Electric Industries | Method for heat-treating of hot rolled rods |
| DE2000088C3 (en) * | 1970-01-02 | 1973-11-29 | Tschernowizkij Gosudarstwenny Uniwersitet, Tschernowiz (Sowjetunion) | Anisotropic thermocouple |
| JPS5130437B1 (en) * | 1970-03-25 | 1976-09-01 | ||
| CH540580A (en) * | 1970-11-23 | 1973-08-15 | Siemens Ag | Process for the manufacture of a thermal generator |
| US3763468A (en) * | 1971-10-01 | 1973-10-02 | Energy Conversion Devices Inc | Light emitting display array with non-volatile memory |
| US3920480A (en) * | 1972-03-17 | 1975-11-18 | Lukyan Ivanovich Anatychuk | Monocrystalline anisotropic thermoelement having shorted EMF vector in the direction coincident with that of the thermal flux |
| GB1486265A (en) * | 1973-10-17 | 1977-09-21 | Hitachi Ltd | Method for producing an amorphous state of a solid material |
| US4292461A (en) * | 1980-06-20 | 1981-09-29 | International Business Machines Corporation | Amorphous-crystalline tandem solar cell |
| JPS5767140A (en) * | 1980-10-11 | 1982-04-23 | Otsuka Chem Co Ltd | Crystalline-amorhphous composite material and its manufacture |
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| US5240066A (en) * | 1991-09-26 | 1993-08-31 | Technalum Research, Inc. | Method of casting amorphous and microcrystalline microwires |
| US5356485A (en) * | 1992-04-29 | 1994-10-18 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Commerce | Intermetallic thermocouples |
-
1996
- 1996-07-15 US US08/680,040 patent/US5808233A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-03-06 WO PCT/US1997/003607 patent/WO1997034326A1/en active Application Filing
- 1997-03-06 AU AU21994/97A patent/AU2199497A/en not_active Abandoned
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