WO1997029633A1 - Apparatus for reducing the presence of birds, particularly in airport areas - Google Patents
Apparatus for reducing the presence of birds, particularly in airport areas Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1997029633A1 WO1997029633A1 PCT/EP1996/005531 EP9605531W WO9729633A1 WO 1997029633 A1 WO1997029633 A1 WO 1997029633A1 EP 9605531 W EP9605531 W EP 9605531W WO 9729633 A1 WO9729633 A1 WO 9729633A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- controlled
- frequency
- mixer
- generator
- control unit
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M29/00—Scaring or repelling devices, e.g. bird-scaring apparatus
- A01M29/16—Scaring or repelling devices, e.g. bird-scaring apparatus using sound waves
Definitions
- This invention relates to an apparatus for reducing the presence of birds, particularly in airport areas.
- One of these known systems comprises generating, by fixed or mobile stations, acoustic signals similar to the language of the bird.
- Another known system uses pyrotechnic devices either alone or in combination with acoustic signal generators.
- Another known system uses birds of prey able to hold the birds at bay by their presence. These have also proved poorly effective, and because of this find very limited use.
- the object of the invention is to eliminate all the drawbacks which the known solutions jointly or separately possess, by providing an apparatus which is effective in removing birds from airport areas, does not result in habituation, requires no action by the operator, and is able to exert its influence within a wide radius from its point of installation.
- the apparatus of the invention comprises:
- control unit 2 comprises a plurality of 4 and 8 bit random generators 12. for controlling the individual oscillators 4 i .
- the present description uses the expression “random” in an entirely general sense, this also including the term “pseudorandom”.
- the oscillators 4 i are provided to generate wave forms of a frequency controlled by the random generators 12 i and used as carrier frequencies and modulating frequencies in the modulators 6 i .
- the modulator 6 is an amplitude modulator which receives as input a carrier frequency f 1 generated by an oscillator 4 1 , controlled by the 8 bit generator 12 1 of the control unit 2 such as to be able to vary this frequency f 1 in a random manner from 2 to 45 kHz.
- the modulator 6 1 also receives as input a modulating frequency f 2 generated by an oscillator 4 2 , which is controlled by the 4 bit generator 12 2 of the control unit 2 such as to be able to vary this frequency f 2 in a random manner from 1 to 50 Hz.
- the signal 14 1 leaving the modulator 6 1 is a signal at frequency fi amplitude modulated by the signal at frequency f 2 .
- the modulator 6 2 is an amplitude modulator which receives as input a carrier signal consisting of the sum of two frequencies f 3 and f 4 , generated by two oscillators 4 3 and 4 4 controlled by two 8 bit generators 12 3 and 12 4 of the control unit 2, they being variable independently of each other in a random manner from 2 to 45 kHz.
- the same modulator 6 2 receives as input a modulating signal at frequency f 5 generated by an oscillator 4 5 controlled by the 4 bit generator 12 5 of the control unit
- this frequency f 5 in a random manner from 1 to 50 Hz.
- the output signal 14 2 of the modulator 6 2 is therefore a signal consisting of the sum of two signals at frequency f 3 and f 4 amplitude modulated by the signal at frequency f 5 .
- the modulator 6 3 is a frequency modulator which receives as input a carrier signal at frequency f 6 generated by an oscillator 4 6 controlled by the 8 bit generator 12 6 of the control unit 2 such as to vary the frequency f 6 in a random manner from 2 to 45 kHz, and a 4 bit modulating signal at frequency f 7 , generated by an oscillator 4 7 controlled by the generator 12 7 of the control unit 2 such as to vary this frequency in a random manner from 1 to 50 Hz.
- the output signal 14 3 of the modulator 6 3 is therefore a signal at frequency f 6 frequency modulated by the signal at frequency f 7 .
- the three signals 14 1 , 14 2 and 14, leaving the three modulators 6 1 , 6 2 and 6 3 are fed, via three electronic switches 16 1 , 16 2 and 16 3 , controlled in random manner by three 1 bit generators 12 8 , 12 9 and 12 10 of the control unit 2, to a mixer 8 which adds them and feeds the resultant signal 18 to the controlled gain amplifier via an electronic switch 20.
- Both the electronic switch 20 and the power amplifier 11 are controlled individually by two random generators of 1 and 4 bits respectively, of the control unit 2.
- the signal leaving the controlled gain amplifier 10 is of random duration, indicatively from 20 msec to 15 sec, and is fed linearly or discontinuously in random sequence with an amplitude variable indicatively from 400 mV pp to 2V pp to the power amplifier 11. Random pauses are introduced into the signal with a duration of between 500 msec and 10 sec.
- the output signal from the power amplifier 11 is fed to the bank of electro-acoustic transducers 13.
- the transducers 13 are of piezoceramic type and are mounted on a substantially flat metal structure which can be rotated to pass from a substantially horizontal rest position to prevent hindering the air traffic and to protect the transducers 13 from atmospheric agents, to a substantially vertical working position, in addition, when the transducer support structure is arranged vertically, it can also be swivelled horizontally through an angle of 90°, m order to emit the acoustic signal through an angle of 270°.
- This signal has a power of about 2200 W and a range of up to 700 m, depending on wind conditions.
- the disturbance source consists of a bio-acoustic transducer birds, but without polluting it and in particular without damaging flora or fauna.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Abstract
An apparatus for reducing the presence of birds, particularly in airport areas, characterised by comprising: at least one amplitude modulator (61, 62) controlled by at least one generator (41, 43, 44) of carrier frequency (f1, f3, f4) and at least one generator (42, 45) of modulating frequency (f2, f5); at least one frequency modulator (63) controlled by at least one generator (46) of carrier frequency (f6) and at least one generator (47) of modulating frequency (f7); a mixer (8) for the output signals (141, 143, 143) of said amplitude modulators (61, 62) and frequency modulator (63); control means (161, 162, 163) for the input signals (141, 142, 143) to the mixer (8); a controlled gain amplifier (10) for the output signal (18) of the mixer (8); a power amplifier (11), fed by said controlled gain amplifier (10); at least one electro-acoustic transducer (13) fed by the output signal of said power amplifier (11); and a control unit (2) acting in random manner on the frequency (f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7) of at least one frequency generator (41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47), on the input signals (141, 142, 143) of said mixer and on the gain of said controlled gain amplifier (10).
Description
APPARATUS FOR REDUCING THE PRESENCE OF BIRDS, PARTICULARLY IN AIRPORT AREAS
This invention relates to an apparatus for reducing the presence of birds, particularly in airport areas.
The negative effects of the presence of birds in airport areas are well known in terms of their danger to air traffic.
There is therefore the problem of reducing as much as possible the presence of birds in airport areas, in Italy this problem mainly regarding reducing the presence of seagulls, given that most airports are installed in costal regions, le in the vicinity of the most natural environment for this type of bird.
Various systems and apparatus are currently used to solve this problem, mostly based on the principle of generating disturbances of the most varied nature, able to induce in the birds a situation of discomfort which induces them to leave the airport area.
One of these known systems comprises generating, by fixed or mobile stations, acoustic signals similar to the language of the bird.
This has however proved of poor effectiveness and for this reason is not of widespread use.
Another known system uses pyrotechnic devices either alone or in combination with acoustic signal generators.
They initially provided satisfactory results, but with the
passage of time have become increasingly less effective because the birds become accustomed to them.
Another known system uses gas cannons, which however on the one hand have proved of limited effectiveness because of the birds becoming accustomed to them, and on the other hand require laborious maintenance because of the need for frequently recharging the gas cylinders.
Another known system uses rifles which have proved effective, but involve killing the birds, however in some countries these are forbidden and have been replaced by other systems able to trap the birds instead of killing them.
Another known system uses birds of prey able to hold the birds at bay by their presence. These have also proved poorly effective, and because of this find very limited use.
The object of the invention is to eliminate all the drawbacks which the known solutions jointly or separately possess, by providing an apparatus which is effective in removing birds from airport areas, does not result in habituation, requires no action by the operator, and is able to exert its influence within a wide radius from its point of installation.
All these objects and further ones which will result from the following description are attained according to
the invention through an apparatus for reducing the presence of birds, particularly in airport areas as described m claim 1.
A preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawing, which represents a block diagram of the apparatus according to the invention.
As can be seen from the drawing, the apparatus of the invention comprises:
- a control unit, indicated overall by 2,
- a plurality of oscillators 4i of variable frequency fi , controlled by the control unit 2,
- a plurality of amplitude and frequency modulators 6i fed by said oscillators 4i,
- a mixer 8 fed by the outputs of said modulators 6i,
- an output amplifier 10 with its gain controlled by said control unit 2,
- a power amplifier 11, fed by said controlled gain amplifier 10, and
- a bank of electroacoustic transducers 13, controlled by the output signals of said power amplifier 11.
Specifically, the control unit 2 comprises a plurality of 4 and 8 bit random generators 12. for controlling the individual oscillators 4i. The present
description uses the expression "random" in an entirely general sense, this also including the term "pseudorandom".
The oscillators 4i are provided to generate wave forms of a frequency controlled by the random generators 12i and used as carrier frequencies and modulating frequencies in the modulators 6i.
With reference to the schematic circuit illustrated on the drawing, the modulator 6, is an amplitude modulator which receives as input a carrier frequency f 1 generated by an oscillator 41, controlled by the 8 bit generator 121 of the control unit 2 such as to be able to vary this frequency f1 in a random manner from 2 to 45 kHz. The modulator 61 also receives as input a modulating frequency f2 generated by an oscillator 42, which is controlled by the 4 bit generator 122 of the control unit 2 such as to be able to vary this frequency f2 in a random manner from 1 to 50 Hz.
The signal 141 leaving the modulator 61 is a signal at frequency fi amplitude modulated by the signal at frequency f2.
The modulator 62 is an amplitude modulator which receives as input a carrier signal consisting of the sum of two frequencies f 3 and f4 , generated by two oscillators 43 and 44 controlled by two 8 bit generators 123 and 124 of the
control unit 2, they being variable independently of each other in a random manner from 2 to 45 kHz.
The same modulator 62 receives as input a modulating signal at frequency f5 generated by an oscillator 45 controlled by the 4 bit generator 125 of the control unit
2, such as to vary this frequency f5 in a random manner from 1 to 50 Hz.
The output signal 142 of the modulator 62 is therefore a signal consisting of the sum of two signals at frequency f3 and f4 amplitude modulated by the signal at frequency f5.
The modulator 63 is a frequency modulator which receives as input a carrier signal at frequency f6 generated by an oscillator 46 controlled by the 8 bit generator 126 of the control unit 2 such as to vary the frequency f6 in a random manner from 2 to 45 kHz, and a 4 bit modulating signal at frequency f7, generated by an oscillator 47 controlled by the generator 127 of the control unit 2 such as to vary this frequency in a random manner from 1 to 50 Hz.
The output signal 143 of the modulator 63 is therefore a signal at frequency f6 frequency modulated by the signal at frequency f7. The three signals 141, 142 and 14, leaving the three modulators 61, 62 and 63 are fed, via three electronic switches 161, 162 and 163, controlled in random manner by three 1 bit generators 128, 129 and 1210 of the
control unit 2, to a mixer 8 which adds them and feeds the resultant signal 18 to the controlled gain amplifier via an electronic switch 20.
Both the electronic switch 20 and the power amplifier 11 are controlled individually by two random generators of 1 and 4 bits respectively, of the control unit 2.
The signal leaving the controlled gain amplifier 10 is of random duration, indicatively from 20 msec to 15 sec, and is fed linearly or discontinuously in random sequence with an amplitude variable indicatively from 400 mVpp to 2Vpp to the power amplifier 11. Random pauses are introduced into the signal with a duration of between 500 msec and 10 sec.
The output signal from the power amplifier 11 is fed to the bank of electro-acoustic transducers 13. The transducers 13 are of piezoceramic type and are mounted on a substantially flat metal structure which can be rotated to pass from a substantially horizontal rest position to prevent hindering the air traffic and to protect the transducers 13 from atmospheric agents, to a substantially vertical working position, in addition, when the transducer support structure is arranged vertically, it can also be swivelled horizontally through an angle of 90°, m order to emit the acoustic signal through an angle of 270°. This
signal has a power of about 2200 W and a range of up to 700 m, depending on wind conditions.
Experimental tests carried out for long time periods under the most varied operating conditions have proved the effectiveness of the apparatus, which compared with traditional apparatus has numerous adavantages. In particular:
- the airport area is cleared of birds within a few minutes,
- there is no risk of the birds becoming accustomed to the apparatus, as they abandon the airport area virtually permanently,
- the frightening effect on the birds, caused by an irrepeatable series of disturbances at various modulation frequencies within a wide acoustic band width (2-40 kHz) is not limited to determined species, but operates on all those which threaten air traffic,
- the disturbance source consists of a bio-acoustic transducer birds, but without polluting it and in particular without damaging flora or fauna.
Claims
1. An apparatus for reducing the presence of birds, particularly in airport areas, characterised by comprising:
- at least one amplitude modulator (61,62) controlled by at least one generator (41,43,44) of carrier frequency
(f1,f3,f4) and at least one generator (42,45) of modulating frequency (f2,f5),
- at least one frequency modulator (63) controlled by at least one generator (46) of carrier frequency (f6) and at least one generator (47) of modulating frequency (f7),
- a mixer (8) for the output signals ( 141, 143, 143) of said amplitude modulators (61,62) and frequency modulator (63),
- control means (161, 162, 163) for the input signals (141,142,143) to the mixer (8),
- a controlled gain amplifier (10) for the output signal (18) of the mixer (8),
- a power amplifier (11), fed by said controlled gam amplifier (10),
- at least one electro-acoustic transducer (13) fed by the output signal of said power amplifier (11), and
- a control unit (2) acting in random manner on the frequency (f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7) of at least one frequency generator (41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47), on the input signals (141, 142, 143) of said mixer and on the gain of said controlled gam amplifier (10).
2. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterised by comprising at least two amplitude modulators (61,62), at least one of which has its carrier frequency input connected to the output of a mixer fed with two different frequencies (f3,f4) generated by two separate generators (43,44).
3. An apparatus as claimed in claims 1 and 2, characterised in that the frequency generators (41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47) consist of oscillators controlled individually by random generators
(121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127) of the control unit (2).
4. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterised by comprising means (20) for controlling the output signal (18) of said mixer (8).
5. An apparatus as claimed in claims 1 and/or 4, characterised m that the control means (161, 162, 163, 20) for the input signals (141, 142, 143) and/or for the output signal (18) of said mixer (8) consist of electronic switches controlled by random generators ( 128, 129, 1210, 1211) of the control unit (2).
6. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the oscillators (41, 43, 44, 46) of carrier frequency (f1, f3, f4, f6) are controlled by random generators (121, 123, 124, 126) of the control unit (2) to randomly vary said frequencies from 2 to 45 kHz.
7. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterised m that the oscillators (42,45,47) of modulating frequency (f2,f5,f7) are controlled by random generators (122, 125, 127) of the control unit (2) to randomly vary said frequencies from 1 to 50 Hz.
8. An apparatus as claimed in claim 6, characterised in that the oscillators (41, 43, 44, 46) of carrier frequency (f1, f3, f4, f6) are controlled by 8 bit random generators (121,123,124,126).
9. An apparatus as claimed in claim 7, characterised in that the oscillators (42,45,47) of modulating frequency (f2,f5, f7) are controlled by 4 bit random generators (122,125,127).
10. An apparatus as claimed in claim 5, characterised in that the electronic switches (161 , 162, 163, 20) are controlled by 1 bit random generators ( 128, 129, 1210, 1211).
11. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the amplifier (10) is gam-controlled by a 4 bit random generator (1212).
12. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterised by comprising a plurality of piezoceramic electro-acoustic transducers (11).
13. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterised by comprising a plurality of electro-acoustic transducers (13) mounted on a flat structure.
14. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the support structure for the electro-acoustic transducers (13) can be rotated between a substantially horizontal rest position and a substantially vertical working position.
15. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the support structure for the electro-acoustic transducers (13) can be swivelled when m its working position.
16. An apparatus as claimed in claim 15, characterised in that the electro-acoustic transducers (13) have an angle of emission of about 180°, and their support structure can be swivelled through about 90°.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU13700/97A AU1370097A (en) | 1996-02-12 | 1996-12-11 | Apparatus for reducing the presence of birds, particularly in airport areas |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT96VE000002A IT1288149B1 (en) | 1996-02-12 | 1996-02-12 | EQUIPMENT TO REDUCE THE PRESENCE OF BIRDS, PARTICULARLY IN AIRPORT AREAS. |
| ITVE96A000002 | 1996-02-12 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1997029633A1 true WO1997029633A1 (en) | 1997-08-21 |
Family
ID=11424153
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP1996/005531 WO1997029633A1 (en) | 1996-02-12 | 1996-12-11 | Apparatus for reducing the presence of birds, particularly in airport areas |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU1370097A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1288149B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1997029633A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10241835A1 (en) * | 2002-09-09 | 2004-03-25 | Hörsten, Wolfgang von, Dr. | Animal deterrent method for scaring off rodents uses ultrasound with an ultrasonic transmitter being continuously switched on and off at different frequencies |
| WO2006114300A1 (en) * | 2005-04-27 | 2006-11-02 | Sistemi Tecnologici Di Corubolo Ivana | Method and apparatus for the emission of variable acoustic signals |
| CN102812947A (en) * | 2012-09-07 | 2012-12-12 | 山东师范大学 | Automatic control system and method for automatic lifting buried type sound driving cannon |
| WO2013072632A1 (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2013-05-23 | Airbus Operations (Sas) | Method and device for scaring birds acoustically, in particular for an aircraft |
| US10986831B2 (en) | 2017-07-24 | 2021-04-27 | College Of William & Mary | Systems and methods for reducing the risks of bird strike |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0129415A2 (en) * | 1983-06-17 | 1984-12-27 | Hideo Hayakawa | Method of and system for threatening pests |
| EP0265182A2 (en) * | 1986-10-18 | 1988-04-27 | Pal International Limited | Bird deterrent apparatus |
| FR2621771A1 (en) * | 1987-10-09 | 1989-04-14 | Hellmann Spezialprodukte Joach | Device for producing sound signals, especially for deterrent use in relation to noxious animals |
| GB2211649A (en) * | 1987-10-27 | 1989-07-05 | Pal Int Ltd | Bird dispersal apparatus |
| US4933918A (en) * | 1988-02-11 | 1990-06-12 | Landsrath Walter J | Apparatus for frightening noxious animals by means of ultrasonic signals |
-
1996
- 1996-02-12 IT IT96VE000002A patent/IT1288149B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1996-12-11 WO PCT/EP1996/005531 patent/WO1997029633A1/en active Application Filing
- 1996-12-11 AU AU13700/97A patent/AU1370097A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0129415A2 (en) * | 1983-06-17 | 1984-12-27 | Hideo Hayakawa | Method of and system for threatening pests |
| EP0265182A2 (en) * | 1986-10-18 | 1988-04-27 | Pal International Limited | Bird deterrent apparatus |
| FR2621771A1 (en) * | 1987-10-09 | 1989-04-14 | Hellmann Spezialprodukte Joach | Device for producing sound signals, especially for deterrent use in relation to noxious animals |
| GB2211649A (en) * | 1987-10-27 | 1989-07-05 | Pal Int Ltd | Bird dispersal apparatus |
| US4933918A (en) * | 1988-02-11 | 1990-06-12 | Landsrath Walter J | Apparatus for frightening noxious animals by means of ultrasonic signals |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10241835A1 (en) * | 2002-09-09 | 2004-03-25 | Hörsten, Wolfgang von, Dr. | Animal deterrent method for scaring off rodents uses ultrasound with an ultrasonic transmitter being continuously switched on and off at different frequencies |
| WO2006114300A1 (en) * | 2005-04-27 | 2006-11-02 | Sistemi Tecnologici Di Corubolo Ivana | Method and apparatus for the emission of variable acoustic signals |
| WO2013072632A1 (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2013-05-23 | Airbus Operations (Sas) | Method and device for scaring birds acoustically, in particular for an aircraft |
| FR2982737A1 (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2013-05-24 | Airbus Operations Sas | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE ACOUSTIC EFFAROUCHEMENT OF AVIAN SPECIES, ESPECIALLY FOR AN AIRCRAFT. |
| CN104053358A (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2014-09-17 | 空中客车运营简化股份公司 | Method and device for scaring birds acoustically, in particular for aircraft |
| US8953413B2 (en) | 2011-11-18 | 2015-02-10 | Airbus Operations Sas | Method and device for scaring birds acoustically, in particular for an aircraft |
| CN104053358B (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2015-11-25 | 空中客车运营简化股份公司 | Especially for the method for audibly frightening flying bird and the device of aircraft |
| AU2012338603B2 (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2016-06-16 | Airbus Operations (Sas) | Method and device for scaring birds acoustically, in particular for an aircraft |
| CN102812947A (en) * | 2012-09-07 | 2012-12-12 | 山东师范大学 | Automatic control system and method for automatic lifting buried type sound driving cannon |
| US10986831B2 (en) | 2017-07-24 | 2021-04-27 | College Of William & Mary | Systems and methods for reducing the risks of bird strike |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU1370097A (en) | 1997-09-02 |
| ITVE960002A1 (en) | 1997-08-12 |
| ITVE960002A0 (en) | 1996-02-12 |
| IT1288149B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 |
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