WO1997027744A1 - Procede et appareil pour reduire l'infestation par les parasites et l'endommagement d'especes aquatiques - Google Patents

Procede et appareil pour reduire l'infestation par les parasites et l'endommagement d'especes aquatiques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1997027744A1
WO1997027744A1 PCT/GB1997/000243 GB9700243W WO9727744A1 WO 1997027744 A1 WO1997027744 A1 WO 1997027744A1 GB 9700243 W GB9700243 W GB 9700243W WO 9727744 A1 WO9727744 A1 WO 9727744A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fish
creatures
aquatic creatures
aquatic
damage
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1997/000243
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
James Harvey Smith
Original Assignee
Ferranti-Thomson Sonar Systems U.K. Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ferranti-Thomson Sonar Systems U.K. Limited filed Critical Ferranti-Thomson Sonar Systems U.K. Limited
Priority to AU15512/97A priority Critical patent/AU1551297A/en
Publication of WO1997027744A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997027744A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
    • A01K61/13—Prevention or treatment of fish diseases
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/90—Sorting, grading, counting or marking live aquatic animals, e.g. sex determination
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

Definitions

  • a method of reducing parasitic infestation or damage to aquatic creatures which includes subjecting the parasites to transient cavitational events so as to produce adverse biological changes affecting their development and life expectancy.
  • apparatus for reducing parasite infestation and damage to aquatic creatures which apparatus includes means for producing transient cavitational events in the fluid surrounding the creatures.
  • parasite is used to include not only the parasite itself but also the eggs or larvae of such parasites.
  • the expression "biological changes” is used to include actual physical damage caused to the parasites by the transient cavitational events, as well as effects which affect the normal life cycle of the parasite.
  • the expression "transient cavitational event” is used to describe the collapse of microscopic bubbles or cavities originating from micronuclei present either within the biological tissue or naturally present or “seeded” in the surrounding fluid medium. This results in the creation of temperature changes, shock waves or fluid shear forces and other mechanical effects which can either internally or externally cause biological changes.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of one form of apparatus suitable for applying the invention in a fish farm environment
  • Figure 2 is an alternative embodiment of the apparatus of Figure l;
  • Figure 3 shows a general view of apparatus according to a second embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 4 is a general view of apparatus according to a third embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 5 shows part of the apparatus of Figure 4 in greater detail.
  • FIG. 1 shows one form of apparatus suitable for applying the invention in a fish farm situation.
  • An enclosure 10 contains an array 11 of individual transducers 12 arranged in a configuration such as a circle so as to define a treatment zone represented by the volume of fluid within the array.
  • the transducers 12 are connected to an electrical drive circuit 13 controlled by a control unit 1 .
  • the arrangement of the transducers is such as to maximise the energy intensity within the treatment zone and thereby optimise the generation of transient cavitational events in the volume of fluid forming the treatment zone.
  • Treatment of the fish is based on the passage of fish through the treatment zone, preferably through the aperture defined by the array of transducers.
  • Other array configurations may be used and the array of transducers may be movable so as to be easily removed from the enclosure or placed in different positions within the enclosure.
  • the transducers may be arranged in a multiple array with a plurality of circles (or other configurations) 20 such as that shown in Figure 2. Such an arrangement may be arranged to occupy the full width of the enclosure containing the fish so that they are more likely to pass through the treatment zone whilst swimming normally around the enclosure.
  • Figure 3 illustrates a second embodiment of the invention which therefore simply provides one or more posts 30 within the enclosure 10 containing the fish, close to which an infested fish may position itself to promote treatment.
  • the post which may be solid or may be a hollow tube through which the fish may pass, is provided with one or more transducers to generate the transient cavitational events in the fluid immediately surrounding the post.
  • the use of some form of fish detector will enable the transducer to operate only when a fish is in the vicinity of the post, thus saving energy.
  • the post of the second embodiment just described may be movable, so that the treatment region may be moved at will.
  • FIG. 4 shows two cage structures 40 and l and a conduit or tube 42 connecting the two cages.
  • the fish stock to be treated is initially contained in one of the cages, say cage 40, and is transferred to the other cage 4l through the conduit 42, part of which forms the treatment zone in which treatment takes place.
  • the conduit may be a tube or pipe totally submerged in the fluid medium or may be an open channel communicating with the fluid surface.
  • the conduit will be of such a size as to allow the passage of all sizes of fish expected to be treated but narrow enough to prevent many fish passing through at one time. This will also result in uniformity of treatment of the fish, which is desirable.
  • FIG. 5 shows the treatment area of one form of the apparatus of Figure 4 in greater detail.
  • the conduit 42 which may be of any suitable size or cross-section appropriate to the creatures being treated, may conveniently be part of a water circulation system so that the fish are induced to move through it, though other means of achieving fish movement, such as a conventional fish pump, may be used.
  • Spaced along and around that part of the conduit 42 forming the treatment zone are a number of transducers 5 • each connected to a suitable drive circuit 52, controlled and monitored by a control unit 53-
  • the arrangement of transducers is such as to optimise the generation of transient cavitational events in the volume of fluid through which each fish passes during treatment.
  • a triggered system in which transient cavitational events are generated only when a fish is present in the treatment zone.
  • This requires the addition of a detector or trigger , located before the transducers 51 in the normal direction of movement of the fish. This is connected to the transducer drive circuit 52 in order to trigger the drive circuit into operation at the appropriate time and for a predetermined period of time.
  • the conduit 42 is made of solid material it may be useful to provide a filter or trap 55 to remove any parasites which may become dislodged from the fish as a result of the treatment.
  • the trigger pulses may also be applied to a counter forming part of the control unit 53 to count the fish passing through the treatment zone.
  • energy may be generated by transducers operating at a frequency typically in the range from 1kHz to 100kHz, a frequency of 20kHz to 4 ⁇ kHz being appropriate.
  • a single frequency or a randomly generated series of frequencies within a fixed bandwidth may be adopted to drive the transducers which produce transient cavitational events.
  • a randomly generated series of frequencies around the resonant frequency of the transducers will ensure the .movement of the associated standing wave field.
  • the duration of the treatment will largely depend upon the period for which the fish remain within the treatment zone.
  • An energy intensity level typically greater than about 0.01 watts per square centimetre is required to generate transient cavitational events in an aqueous fluid medium.
  • the actual electrical input power levels required to achieve the required energy intensity within the treatment zone will be dependent upon the embodiment adopted as well as factors such as the number and mass of the creatures to be treated and the volume of fluid comprising the treatment zone.
  • the energy level is chosen so that the cavitational activity affects the parasites whilst not harming the fish.
  • the structure illustrated in Figure 1 may comprise a 2 metre diameter circular array of 40 equally-spaced transducers each rated at 100 watts.
  • the treatment described above may act in a variety of ways.
  • Transient cavitational events may preferentially impact, internally or externally, upon the parasites to such an extent that they suffer actual physical damage affecting their viability and development and may become detached from the fish either due to the actual physical damage or as a result of a behavioural response.
  • transient cavitational events affect the biological development of the parasites, damaging eggs which have not fully developed or hatched, thereby rendering them non-viable and affecting the development cycle of the living parasites. This may result in a general reduction in the current or future parasite population.
  • the techniques described above may be applied equally well to fish farmed in a fresh water environment, such as trout, or to fish in captivity for any reason, farmed or not.
  • the invention may be applied to other forms of aquatic creature, such as shellfish or crustaceans.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour réduire l'infestation par les parasites ou l'endommagement d'espèces aquatiques. Ce procédé comprend des moyens pour générer des évènements de cavitation transitoires dans le milieu environnant de ces espèces afin de produire des modifications biologiques qui affectent leur cycle de développement et leur durée de vie probable. Dans le cas d'un traitement de poissons, selon un mode de réalisation, un appareil peut comprendre un ensemble (11) de transducteurs (12) placés autour d'un cercle de manière à définir une zone de traitement, et entraînés par un circuit de commande (13) pour produire de fortes intensités d'énergie dans l'eau. Un dispositif de déclenchement peut être utilisé pour détecter la présence des poissons et peut également permettre de compter les poissons. D'autres espèces aquatiques, plus statiques, peuvent être traitées en déplaçant l'appareil par rapport à ces dernières, de telle sorte qu'elles traversent la zone de traitement de l'appareil.
PCT/GB1997/000243 1996-02-03 1997-01-29 Procede et appareil pour reduire l'infestation par les parasites et l'endommagement d'especes aquatiques WO1997027744A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU15512/97A AU1551297A (en) 1996-02-03 1997-01-29 Method and apparatus for reducing parasite infestation or damage to aquatic creatures

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9602224.9 1996-02-03
GBGB9602224.9A GB9602224D0 (en) 1996-02-03 1996-02-03 Method and apparatus for reducing parasite damage to aquatic creatures

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1997027744A1 true WO1997027744A1 (fr) 1997-08-07

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1997/000243 WO1997027744A1 (fr) 1996-02-03 1997-01-29 Procede et appareil pour reduire l'infestation par les parasites et l'endommagement d'especes aquatiques

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AU (1) AU1551297A (fr)
GB (1) GB9602224D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1997027744A1 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011099865A1 (fr) * 2010-01-21 2011-08-18 Ctm Lyng As Dispositif d'élimination des poux chez les poissons d'élevage
WO2013095153A1 (fr) * 2011-12-20 2013-06-27 Arnvid Skogseth Système et procédé destinés à empêcher des parasites d'infester et de se fixer à des animaux aquatiques
WO2014184766A1 (fr) * 2013-05-15 2014-11-20 Kristian Lillerud Procédé et appareil destinés à éliminer des parasites sur du poisson
EP2837284A1 (fr) 2013-08-13 2015-02-18 Grupo Marco S.p.A. Procédé et dispositif pour détacher les parasites qui adhèrent à la peau du poisson
WO2015043603A1 (fr) * 2013-09-30 2015-04-02 Erhard Joensen Système et procédé pour éliminer des parasites des poissons
US10653118B2 (en) 2018-04-13 2020-05-19 Peter B. Lindgren Coanda effect fish pump
EP3756473A1 (fr) * 2019-06-25 2020-12-30 Centro De Ciências Do Mar Do Algarve Système et procédé de modulation de la complémentation nutritionnelle du poisson pour améliorer le taux de croissance à l'aide de basse fréquence ultrasons

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5076208A (en) * 1990-09-14 1991-12-31 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Ultrasound-mediated administration of compounds into aquatic animals
WO1994017657A1 (fr) * 1993-02-01 1994-08-18 Stephen Edward Jackman Elimination de parasites se trouvant dans les poissons

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5076208A (en) * 1990-09-14 1991-12-31 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Ultrasound-mediated administration of compounds into aquatic animals
WO1994017657A1 (fr) * 1993-02-01 1994-08-18 Stephen Edward Jackman Elimination de parasites se trouvant dans les poissons

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DATABASE STN: CABA CAB International; XP002032278 *
I. V. KAMENSKII: "Influence of ultrasound on eggs and larvae of some fish trematodes.", BYULL. VSESOYUZ. INSTIT. GEL'MINT. K. I. SKRYAB., no. 4, 1970, pages 47 - 50 *
R. K. FARRELL, R. E. WATSON & M. LLOYD: "Effect of ultrasound on trematode cercariae.", J. OF PARASITOL., vol. 59, no. 4, August 1973 (1973-08-01), pages 747 - 748, XP000654048 *

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011099865A1 (fr) * 2010-01-21 2011-08-18 Ctm Lyng As Dispositif d'élimination des poux chez les poissons d'élevage
WO2013095153A1 (fr) * 2011-12-20 2013-06-27 Arnvid Skogseth Système et procédé destinés à empêcher des parasites d'infester et de se fixer à des animaux aquatiques
WO2014184766A1 (fr) * 2013-05-15 2014-11-20 Kristian Lillerud Procédé et appareil destinés à éliminer des parasites sur du poisson
EP2837284A1 (fr) 2013-08-13 2015-02-18 Grupo Marco S.p.A. Procédé et dispositif pour détacher les parasites qui adhèrent à la peau du poisson
WO2015043603A1 (fr) * 2013-09-30 2015-04-02 Erhard Joensen Système et procédé pour éliminer des parasites des poissons
US10653118B2 (en) 2018-04-13 2020-05-19 Peter B. Lindgren Coanda effect fish pump
EP3756473A1 (fr) * 2019-06-25 2020-12-30 Centro De Ciências Do Mar Do Algarve Système et procédé de modulation de la complémentation nutritionnelle du poisson pour améliorer le taux de croissance à l'aide de basse fréquence ultrasons

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB9602224D0 (en) 1996-04-03
AU1551297A (en) 1997-08-22

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