WO1997027711A1 - Localisation d'un poste mobile dans un systeme numerique mobile de communications - Google Patents

Localisation d'un poste mobile dans un systeme numerique mobile de communications Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1997027711A1
WO1997027711A1 PCT/FI1997/000035 FI9700035W WO9727711A1 WO 1997027711 A1 WO1997027711 A1 WO 1997027711A1 FI 9700035 W FI9700035 W FI 9700035W WO 9727711 A1 WO9727711 A1 WO 9727711A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
base station
mobile station
bts2
timing advance
bts3
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI1997/000035
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jukka Suonvieri
Pertti Paski
Original Assignee
Nokia Telecommunications Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nokia Telecommunications Oy filed Critical Nokia Telecommunications Oy
Priority to AU15475/97A priority Critical patent/AU1547597A/en
Publication of WO1997027711A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997027711A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/14—Determining absolute distances from a plurality of spaced points of known location

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for locating a mobile station in a digital time division mobile communication system
  • the serving base station determines the timing of the transmission of a mobile station by means of a timing advance so that the trans ⁇ it ⁇ mission of the mobile station is received at the serving base station in a correct time slot.
  • the timing advance data are converted into base station distances .
  • the mobile station measures signals from neighbouring base stations and reports the 15 measurement results to a base station controller.
  • the location data of a mobile station for routing calls and for other services.
  • the location of each mobile station is usually stored in the network registers with an accuracy of a location area.
  • the network operator may determine the size of a location area. However, if the
  • WO 9507587 discloses a method in which a mobile station measures the signal strengths of neighbouring base stations. The distance of the mobile station from each base station is determined on the basis of the signal strengths. A theoretical geographical distance between transmission and reception is calculated on the basis of radio path attenuation, which is defined as the remainder of the transmitted and received signal strength. Nevertheless, determining the distance on the basis of radio path attenuation is not a very reliable method on account of the varying conditions on the radio path employed, for instance occasional attenuating obstacles such as large vehicles and changes in weather conditions.
  • FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawings shows a simplified block diagram of the pan-European GSM mobile communication system.
  • a mobile station MS is connected over a radio path to a base transceiver station BTS, BTS1 in the case of Figure 1.
  • BTS1 rejects the access attempt of the mobile station
  • the mobile station will attempt to access the base station with the next highest signal level, e.g. BTS2.
  • a base station system BSS consists of a base station controller BSC and base transceiver stations BTS under its control.
  • a plurality of base station controllers BSC usually operate under a mobile services switching centre MSC.
  • An MSC is connected to other MSCs and, via a gateway mobile services switching centre GMSC, to a public switched telephone network.
  • the operation of the entire system is controlled by an operation and maintenance centre OMC.
  • the subscriber data of an MS are permanently stored in a home location register HLR of the system and temporarily in the visitor location register VLR in whose area the MS is currently located.
  • the VLR stores the location data of an MS with an accuracy of a location area LA.
  • the geographical area monitored by a VLR is divided into one or more location areas LA.
  • One or more base stations BTS may operate in each location area.
  • An MS continuously measures the signals from the base stations BTS that are closest to its location for a possible crossover.
  • the MS may simultaneously measure the signal level and/or quality of both the serving base station and up to six other base stations.
  • the serving base station informs the mobile station of the neighbouring base stations it should measure.
  • Each base station BTS is identified on the basis of a base station identity code.
  • the mobile station MS sends the measuring results regularly as a report message through the serving base station BTS to the base station controller BSC.
  • a plurality of mobile stations MS may use the same carrier frequency, i.e. radio channel, on a time division basis for communication with the base station BTS.
  • a carrier is divided into successive frames that are further divided into time slots, e.g. eight time slots, allocated to the users according to the need.
  • Short data bursts are sent in the time slots.
  • the MS is synchronized with a signal received from the BTS and transmits a burst in accordance with this sync so that the burst from the MS is received at the BTS in a time slot allocated to this particular MS.
  • the mobile stations are located at different distances from the BTS.
  • the propagation delay caused by the distance must be taken into account in such a manner that the signal is received at the base station in a correct time slot.
  • the base station BTS measures the time difference between its own transmission and the transmission received from the MS, and on the basis of this difference determines a suitable timing advance for the MS to compensate for the propagation delay.
  • the timing advance the MS advances its time of transmission relative to a basic time instant defined by the sync received from the base station.
  • the GSM recommendations disclose determining the distance of an MS on the basis of timing advance in the second system generation. From the timing advance, which compensates for the propagation delay of a radio signal, it is possible to calculate the distance travelled by a radio signal propagating at the velocity of light. The distance travelled gives the distance between the serving base station BTS and the MS, when it is taken into account that the radio signal has travelled once back and forth between the BTS and the
  • the resolution of the duration of one bit in the timing advance causes a resolution of about 550 metres in the distance data. Synchronization errors and multipath propagation are factors that further increase the inaccuracy of the distance data.
  • the location of an MS can thus be confined in a known manner to a calculated distance from the base station with a certain margin. Since it is not known in which direction from the BTS the MS is located, the location of the MS can only be determined to be within an area between two circles centred round a base station but having a different radius. In practice, this makes the locating of an MS very inaccurate .
  • the object of the present invention is to locate an MS as accurately and unambiguously as possible .
  • This new type of determining the location of a calling mobile station is achieved with a method of the invention, which is characterized in that it comprises measuring, at one or more neighbouring base stations, timing advances suitable for timing the trans- mission of the mobile station, adding an inaccuracy term to said base station distances, and determining the location of the mobile station as the intersection of the base station distances rectified with the inaccuracy term.
  • the invention is based on the idea of defining the distance of a mobile station from a plurality of base stations by means of a timing advance, whereby the mobile station is located in the intersection of said distances .
  • An advantage of such a method for locating a mobile station is that, in the event of an emergency, help can be provided more rapidly and reliably to the correct place.
  • a further advantage of the method of the invention is that the results are not affected by weather conditions or changes in the radiation power of a base station.
  • Figure 2 shows a flow diagram of a preferred embodiment of the method of the invention
  • Figure 3 shows an exemplary graphical printout in the case of two base stations
  • Figure 4 shows an exemplary graphical printout in the case of three base stations
  • Figure 5 shows an exemplary graphical printout in the case of three advantageously positioned base stations.
  • the present invention is intended to be applied in any radio network based on digital time division multiple access (TDMA) and employing a timing advance for shifting the time of transmission of a mobile station in relation to a time instant set by a sync signal transmitted by the base station in such a way that the timing advance compensates for the propagation delay caused by the distance between the base station and the mobile station, and that the transmission of the mobile station is received at the base station in a correct TDMA time slot .
  • the invention is particularly suitable for use in the GSM and DCS1800 mobile communication systems.
  • GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
  • Figure 1 illustrates the above-described network elements of a mobile communication system that are relevant to the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a flow diagram illustrating a primary embodiment of the method of the invention. The method partly utilizes the normal functions of a mobile communication system in a new combination so as to provide the functionality according to the invention.
  • the functionality of the method of the invention is activated when a call is identified as an emergency call (step 21) .
  • the identification is performed, for example, by comparing the directory number of the called party with predetermined emergency numbers.
  • emergency calls have a separate cause code, on the basis of which an emergency call can also be identified.
  • the functionality of step 21 can also be implemented by manual control by a network supervisor, for example, when the network supervisor is informed by an emergency service centre about the need to start a location process. All other calls to the mobile station are prevented during the location.
  • the serving base station BTS1 - normally at the beginning of a call and if necessary also during the call - measures the time difference between its own transmission and the transmission received from the mobile station MS.
  • the BTS1 determines a suitable timing advance TA X for the MS to compensate for the propagation delay.
  • the timing advance TA X the MS advances its time of transmission relative to the basic instant defined by the sync received from the base station.
  • the method of the invention comprises measuring - from as many neighbouring base stations as possible, one at a time - a timing advance TA ⁇ suitable for each base station connection (step 22 in Figure 2 ) .
  • the identities of up to six best neighbouring base stations last reported by the MS are stored in the base station controller BSC or the mobile services switching centre MSC, for example, and the timing advance measurements are made at these neighbouring base stations, e.g. BTS2 and BTS3 in Figure 1. If necessary, the measurements can also be made at other neighbouring base stations.
  • the timing advance measurement at the neighbouring base stations is carried out by short-term temporary handovers from the serving base station BTS1 to a measuring neighbouring base station, e.g. BTS2, in the case of an emergency call without releasing the call.
  • a handover between a base station and neighbouring base stations under the same base station controller BSC is controlled by the BSC.
  • the group of neighbouring base stations participating in the measurement includes base stations under another base station controller BSC ⁇ such as BTS 4 to BTS6 in Figure 1)
  • the measuring process is synchronized and the results are compiled in a higher network element, e.g. a mobile services switching centre MSC or an operation and maintenance centre OMC.
  • a mobile services switching centre MSC or an operation and maintenance centre OMC In the synchronization and management of the measuring process it is essential to ensure that different base stations BTS do not try to measure simultaneously.
  • an MS is commanded to switch from the serving base station BTS1 to an assigned neighbouring base station, e.g. BTS 2.
  • the BTS2 measures the delay in the transmission of the MS either during an access request on a random access channel RACH of the uplink broadcast frequency, or on a traffic channel allocated by the BTS2 to the MS. In other respects, the measurement is made in the same way as at the serving base station BTS1 at the beginning of the call. If the measurement on the RACH is successful, the actual traffic load of the BTS2 is not increased, since the handover is not completed, i.e. the call remains at the serving base station BTSI, and the neighbouring base station BTS2 rejects the handover attempt after the successful measurement.
  • the call can be returned to the original serving base station BTSI, and from there it may be further handed over to the following neighbouring base station, e.g. BTS3, in the measuring sequence, if any.
  • This handover sequence e.g. BTSI - BTS2 - BTSI - BTS3 - BTSI, is preferably made prior to the beginning of the actual call. To expedite the sequence, it is advantageous in some cases to hand over the call directly from one neighbouring base station to another, e.g.
  • the base station controller BSC may employ an expedited sequence particularly when the measurement of the timing advance is made on a traffic channel allocated by each neighbouring station, i.e. the call is handed over from one base station to another.
  • the timing advance measurement may be made at the neighbouring base stations BTSi after an emergency call has ended by paging the mobile station and by rejecting the access attempt of the mobile station at each base station BTSi.
  • the MS is paged in all the location areas LA having neighbouring base stations participating in the measurement.
  • the paging message is transmitted to the mobile station from all the base stations in the defined location areas.
  • the MS is paged in all the base stations BTSI to BTS6 within location areas LAI and LA2.
  • the MS tries to respond to the paging by transmitting a burst to the serving base station BTSI on a RACH at the uplink broadcast frequency.
  • the base station controller BSC or the mobile services switching centre MSC commands the BTSI to reject the access attempt of the MS.
  • the MS will then attempt access through the base station with the next strongest signal level, e.g. BTS2.
  • the BTS2 measures the propagation delay of the MS and defines a suitable timing advance TA 2 . Once the measurement has succeeded, the BTS2 is also commanded to reject the access attempt of the MS, whereby the MS will attempt access to the following base station, e.g. BTS3.
  • each neighbouring base station BTSi in turn measures a suitable timing advance TA 1 and rejects the access attempt of the MS.
  • the functionality will be continued until the timing advances have been measured at each base station BTSI to BTS4 participating in the measurement, whereafter the paging of the MS will be terminated.
  • the functionality described above does not make the MS alarm the user, since the access attempts made by the MS are rejected, i.e. the call establishment is stopped before the MS alarms.
  • timing advances can be determined at the neighbouring base stations BTSi when an emergency call has ended by making measurement calls to the MS, i.e. by paging the MS in each or as many BTSi as possible in a sequence.
  • the MS must be commanded to monitor the control channel of each BTSi in turn, for the MS normally monitors only the control channel of the serving base station.
  • Each neighbouring base station BTSi measures the propagation delay of the MS when the MS transmits an RACH burst .
  • a timing advance value TA X is again obtained for each base station BTSi .
  • the distance data S x together with the base station data are stored in the memory of the base station controller BSC, for example, or some other network element managing the measuring process to wait for further processing.
  • the distance data S L can be supplemented with an inaccuracy term ⁇ S, which is caused particularly by the resolution of the timing advance.
  • the distance data obtained according to the invention can be used in very many ways for determining the location. A few examples of the use of distance data for locating will be given in the following; however, the invention is not limited to these examples.
  • the stored distance data S and the location data of the base stations may be outputted as a graphical printout, for example.
  • Figure 3 shows an example of a graphical printout in a case where the distance has been defined by means of two base stations: the serving base station BTSI and a neighbouring base station BTS2. Two circles with a different radius have been drawn round both base stations such that the base stations are at the centre point of the respective circles. The remainder of the radii of the concentric circles corresponds to the uncertainty ⁇ S in the distance, caused by the resolution, e.g. 550 metres.
  • the inner circle thus corresponds to the distance Si calculated on the basis of the timing advance, whereas the outer circle corresponds to the calculated distance plus the resolution of the distance S ⁇ S.
  • the MS may be located anywhere in the annular area defined by the BTSl-centred circles, i.e. inside the outer circle but outside the inner circle.
  • the location of the MS can be confined to the hatched area A in Figure 3, i.e. the intersection of the circles (step 24 of Figure 2) .
  • the location determination printout can be appropriately placed on top of a map.
  • An emergency service centre may be informed of the location of the MS by facsimile, for instance.
  • a telefax containing a graphical or numeric printout may also be sent automatically to a predetermined facsimile number.
  • the accuracy of the locating of an MS improves when the number of neighbouring base stations participating in the measurement increases.
  • measurements made from opposite directions specify the locating of the MS by excluding part of the location area defined by the other base stations.
  • This exclusive inference is based on the propagation properties of a radio signal . Obstacles on the transmission path of a direct radio beam cause the radio beam to be reflected and thus delay the arrival of the transmission of the MS at the base station; therefore the distance between the MS and the BTS is in fact shorter than the distance calculated on the basis of the timing advance.
  • the velocity of the radio signal is not faster than the velocity of light, wherefore the actual distance cannot be substantially longer than the distance theoretically calculated on the basis of the timing advance.
  • the location of an MS can thus be defined in the most reliable manner if the minimum distance of the MS can be defined by exclusive inference .
  • the exclusive inference is illustrated in
  • Figure 3 shows a combination of the annular areas of the serving base station BTSI and a neighbouring base station BTS2, defined on the basis of timing advances TA X and TA 2 .
  • the MS could, because of reflections, be located even closer than at the distance of the shorter radius S-, from the BTSI, but not farther than at the distance of the longer radius S X + ⁇ S . This also applies to the circles of the BTS2.
  • the location of the MS can be confined to the overlapping area of BTSI and BTS2 , whereby the outer circles define the hatched area A in the figure as the location area of the MS, thus removing the inaccuracy caused by multipath propagation.
  • FIG 4 shows a combination of distance results of three base stations BTSI, BTS2, BTS3.
  • the outer circles of BTSI, BTS2 and BTS3 define the location area A of the MS.
  • the inner circle of the BTS2 does not represent an absolute minimum distance of the MS from the BTS2, wherefore it does not further confine the possible location area.
  • the BTS2 is more advantageously positioned, and the location area A of the MS can be confined to a relative small area, about 200*250 metres, with only three base stations. If there were a larger number of measuring base stations, the accuracy of the location determination would be further improved.

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de localisation d'un poste mobile dans un système numérique mobile de communications à répartition temporelle. La station de base de desserte (BTS1) détermine la synchronisation de l'émission d'un poste mobile au moyen d'une avance de synchronisation, de telle sorte que cette émission est reçue, à la station de base de desserte (BTS1), dans une tranche de temps correcte. D'une manière correspondante, des avances de synchronisation appropriées pour synchroniser l'émission du poste mobile (MS) sont mesurées dans des stations de base voisines (BTS2, BTS3) et les avances sont converties en distances des stations de base. On ajoute un élément d'imprécision aux distances des stations de base et l'emplacement du poste mobile est déterminé comme étant l'intersection (A) des distances des stations de base corrigées par l'élément d'imprécision.
PCT/FI1997/000035 1996-01-26 1997-01-24 Localisation d'un poste mobile dans un systeme numerique mobile de communications WO1997027711A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU15475/97A AU1547597A (en) 1996-01-26 1997-01-24 Locating a mobile station in a digital mobile communication system

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI960381A FI960381A (fi) 1996-01-26 1996-01-26 Matkaviestimen paikallistaminen digitaalisessa matkaviestinjärjestelmässä
FI960381 1996-01-26

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WO1997027711A1 true WO1997027711A1 (fr) 1997-07-31

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