WO1997026394A1 - Wool scouring - Google Patents
Wool scouring Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1997026394A1 WO1997026394A1 PCT/AU1997/000019 AU9700019W WO9726394A1 WO 1997026394 A1 WO1997026394 A1 WO 1997026394A1 AU 9700019 W AU9700019 W AU 9700019W WO 9726394 A1 WO9726394 A1 WO 9726394A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- wool
- grease
- contaminants
- scouring
- treating
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01B—MECHANICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FIBROUS OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FIBRES OF FILAMENTS, e.g. FOR SPINNING
- D01B3/00—Mechanical removal of impurities from animal fibres
- D01B3/04—Machines or apparatus for washing or scouring loose wool fibres
- D01B3/06—Machines or apparatus for washing or scouring loose wool fibres with circular movement of either wool or liquid
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
- D06L1/00—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods
- D06L1/12—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods using aqueous solvents
- D06L1/16—Multi-step processes
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M10/00—Physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. ultrasonic, corona discharge, irradiation, electric currents, or magnetic fields; Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
- D06M10/003—Treatment with radio-waves or microwaves
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M10/00—Physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. ultrasonic, corona discharge, irradiation, electric currents, or magnetic fields; Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
- D06M10/04—Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
- D06M10/06—Inorganic compounds or elements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an improved process for scouring wool and apparatus to carry out wool scouring.
- Wool is one of the most important animal fibres used in textile manufacture. Wool is considered superior to other fibres because of its outstanding natural properties of feel, moisture absorption, strength and its ability to hang. Before wool can be used in textile manufacture or for other uses, it must undergo a number of treatment processes.
- Raw wool from sheep and other animals contains many constituents considered contaminants by wool processors and the contaminants must be substantially removed from the wool prior to use.
- the type and amount of contaminants can vary according to breed, nutrition, environment and position of the wool on the animal.
- the main contaminants are a solvent- soluble fraction called wool grease, protein material, a water-soluble fraction (largely perspiration salts collectively termed suint), dirt and vegetable matter in the form of burrs and seeds from pastures.
- a fleece may contain up to 30% by weight of contaminants, depending on the animal, so it is important that the wool is treated before use.
- the first process of preparing wool involves the removal of the contaminants and this process is termed scouring.
- the contaminants on the wool mainly grease, dirt, suint and protein material are washed from the wool fibre using water and detergents.
- the contaminants remain in the waste water either in emulsion or suspension (grease, dirt, protein) or in solution (suint). Extraction of the waste water produces grease contaminated with detergent and suint and is termed wool grease.
- the traditional methods of wool scouring involve extensive processing, the addition of detergents, and the use of large amounts of water. Typical scouring plants can consume up to half a million litres of water per day. Apart from the requirement of a large amount of water, there is a problem of disposing of the waste water without unduly contaminating the environment.
- the present inventor has developed a method for scouring wool that requires substantially less water consumption than present methods and involves an efficient means of producing clean wool. Disclosure of Invention
- the present invention consists in a process for scouring wool comprising the steps of:
- steps (a) and (b) can be carried out in any order;
- the present invention consists in an apparatus for scouring wool comprising:
- the treating means causes at least partial liquefaction of the grease contaminants when the wool is in the vessel, and the wool and the grease- absorbing material are mixed in the vessel by the mixing means such that a desired amount of the liquefied-grease contaminants absorb to the material prior to separation.
- the treating involves heating the wool. More preferably, the treating involves differential heating such that the grease contaminants are heated while the wool fibres and the grease-absorbing material are substantially unheated or at least heated less than the grease contaminants. Liquefaction of the grease contaminants occurs around 50-60°C. In order reduce the possibility of causing damage to the wool fibres, the temperature of the wool fibres during scouring should preferably not exceed about 70°C.
- the treating step preferably involves heating by irradiation with microwave energy. It will be appreciated that any other treatment that causes the grease contaminants to at least partially liquefy while not substantially heating the wool or the grease-absorbing material to the same temperature of the grease contaminants could also be used for the present invention.
- Treating the wool and mixing the wool with the grease-absorbing material are preferably carried out in the one vessel. This assists in the control of the scouring process and ensures that the wool and the grease- absorbing are mixed sufficiently to allow the liquefied grease to come in contact with the grease-absorbing material and be removed from the wool.
- Any vessel that can induce mixing of the wool and grease-absorbing material would be suitable. Examples of suitable vessels include cyclone chambers, rotary drums and augers. It will be appreciated that the grease-absorbing material can be added before or during the treating step.
- the scouring process may be carried out in batch or in a continuous manner depending on the apparatus being used to carry out the process.
- the grease-absorbing material is preferably a particulate material.
- a particulate material particularly suitable for the present invention is diatomaceous earth.
- Other materials which absorb grease, however, would also be suitable for use in the present invention. Examples of such materials include talc powder, silicon dioxide, hydroxylapatite, silica gel and other particulate matter capable of absorbing grease and oils.
- diatomaceous earth is known for its ability to absorb water, it would be appreciated that other hygroscopic materials may also absorb grease, fats and oils present in wool and therefore may be suitable for the present invention.
- the amount of grease-absorbing material added to the wool varies depending on the degree of contamination of the wool and the extent of scouring required. Furthermore, the ratio of grease-absorbing material to wool would depend on the grease-absorbing capacity of the material used and the type and degree of contamination of the wool to be scoured. The quality and quantity of grease and other contaminants in the wool would also influence the amount of grease-absorbing material required. It will be appreciated that different types of wool may also require different amounts of grease-absorbing material.
- the mixing of the grease-absorbing material with the wool results in the grease contaminants absorbing to the material and therefore being removed from the wool fibres. It would also be appreciated that some of the other contaminants present in the wool, for example dirt and vegetable matter, will also be associated with the liquefied grease and be removed from the fibres by the present invention.
- One advantage of the present invention is that there is no requirement for the addition of significant amounts of water during the scouring process. It will be appreciated, however, that there will be moisture associated with the wool.
- the process of the present invention is adaptable so that the extent of removal of the grease contaminants from the wool can be manipulated.
- a small proportion of grease is usually retained in the wool in order to assist handling.
- the present invention allows the control of the amount of grease removed from wool by manipulating the degree of treatment, the amount of grease-absorbing material used during scouring, and the extent of mixing.
- the present process and apparatus for wool scouring is suitable for all forms of wool and not limited to wool produced by sheep.
- wool from alpacas, goats and the like could also be scoured with the method and apparatus of the present invention.
- the degree of contamination of wool in particular from sheep, varies greatly according to the breed of animal and the environment in which the animal is raised.
- wool from sheep raised in Australia often contains less grease contaminants but more dust and dirt compared to sheep raised, for example, in the cooler climates in southern Australia.
- lambs wool has a much lower percent of contaminants than wool from adult sheep and therefore requires less treatment to be scoured appropriately.
- the present method can be controlled so as ensure optimum scouring of different wools.
- the treating means includes microwave radiation
- the degree of irradiation can be changed in proportion to the amount of grease contaminants in the wool.
- continual feedback on the degree of removal of the grease contaminants can be obtained.
- microprocessor and computer control can be applied to the apparatus such that the degree of scouring required can be monitored and adjusted accordingly.
- the apparatus of the present invention can be used in isolation or several units may be coupled in series so that gradual scouring is achieved as the wool passes to each successive apparatus.
- the scoured wool may be treated subsequently, for example washed, to remove remaining dirt and other particulate matter, and the wool processed further in the usual manner.
- the grease-absorbed material may be processed further such that the grease is removed and the material can be re-used.
- the grease removed from the wool may be processed further to produce lanolin in the usual manner.
- the use of microwave energy to heat the wool utilises the fact that compounds with different dielectric constants absorb microwave energy differently. Materials with high dielectric constants absorb microwaves preferentially and therefore are heated before materials with lower dielectric constants. As grease contaminants in wool have high dielectric constants, they preferentially absorb microwaves and are heated while wool and the grease-absorbing material, which have lower dielectric constants, absorb microwaves substantially less than the grease and therefore are not heated to the same degree.
- the microwave frequency used in the present invention is in the order of 2.45 GHz. This frequency is the one available for use in Australia but other frequencies may also be used in the present invention. For a wool scouring plant treating about 4 tonne of wool grease per day using the apparatus of the present invention would require approximately 100 kW of energy per hour.
- One advantage of the use of microwave technology is the amount of energy needed can be adjusted up to about 520 kW using microwave generators presently available.
- the present invention consists in wool scoured by the process according to the first aspect of the present invention.
- Figure 1 is a schematic of an apparatus including a rotating drum and a de-duster for scouring wool according to the present invention
- Figure 2 is a schematic side elevation of an embodiment of a cyclone that can be used for scouring wool.
- Figure 3 is a schematic plan view of the cyclone of Figure 2. Modes for Carryinfi Out the Invention
- the wool scouring apparatus 10 of this embodiment comprises a rotating drum 20, a microwave energy source 30 and a de-dusting machine 40.
- the drum 20 is provided with inlets 21 and 22 at one end through which wool and a grease-absorbing material can be added.
- the drum 20 is also provided with an inlet port 23 through which microwave radiation is transmitted from the microwave energy source 30. After treatment, the wool and grease-absorbing material exit the drum
- the wool and diatomaceous earth are mixed by rotation of the drum 20 while being subjected to the microwave radiation.
- This microwave energy is absorbed by the grease contaminants in the wool, thereby heating the grease and causing at least some of it to liquefy.
- the diatomaceous earth absorbs the liquid grease as the two come in contact while being mixed within the drum 20.
- Other contaminants, including dirt and suint, associated with the grease may also absorb to the grease-absorbing material and also be removed by the scouring process.
- the grease-absorbed diatomaceous earth is removed via port 43 of the de-dusting machine 40. If required, the grease-absorbed diatomaceous earth is optionally conveyed to a reprocessing plant where the diatomaceous earth and the wool grease are separated. This may be through a combination of microwave energy exposure and chemical washing. The "cleaned" diatomaceous earth may then be reused for further scouring.
- the amount of irradiation can be adjusted according to the volume of wool to be scoured and the degree of contaminants in the wool.
- the amount of grease-absorbing material may also be adjusted depending on the amount of grease present in the wool and the degree of scouring required. The scouring process can be monitored in situ and the volume of wool, amount of irradiation and amount of grease-absorbing material changed in order to optimise the scouring process.
- the wool scouring apparatus of this embodiment comprises a cyclone 1 having a cyclone chamber defined by a cylindrical housing mounted on top of an inverted frustro-conical section.
- the chamber is provided with inlet ports 2, 3 through which material may be added into the chamber.
- the chamber is also provided with inlet ports 4 through which microwave radiation is transmitted into the chamber.
- inlet ports 4 are waveguides connected to the cyclone 1.
- the microwave ports 4 are suitably spaced equi-angularly around the cyclone housing 1, and at vertically spaced locations, as shown more clearly in Figure 3.
- Microwave transparent window screens are suitably provided between the cyclone chamber and the ports 4. to prevent material from entering the ports 4 from the cyclone chamber.
- Outlet ports 5, 6 are provided respectively at the top and bottom of the cyclone 1.
- unscoured raw (“greasy”) wool is fed into the cyclone 1 through port 2.
- a grease-absorbing material such as diatomaceous earth
- the wool and diatomaceous earth are conveyed pneumatically through their respective inlet ports.
- Microwave radiation is transmitted into the cyclone chamber 1 through ports 4.
- the wool and diatomaceous earth are mixed by the action of the turbulent flow created inside the cyclone chamber 1, while being subjected to the microwave energy.
- This microwave energy is absorbed by the grease contaminants, thereby heating the grease and causing it to become liquid.
- the diatomaceous earth absorbs the liquid grease as the two come in contact while being mixed within the cyclone chamber.
- Other contaminants, including dirt and suint, associated with the grease may also absorb to the grease absorbing material.
- the grease-containing diatomaceous earth is then removed from the outlet port 6 of the cyclone 1 by a metering device (such as a rotary feeder or valve) and/or pneumatic conveyor.
- a metering device such as a rotary feeder or valve
- the density or weight of the wool decreases as the grease is removed therefrom, and hence the clean wool migrates to the top of the cyclone 1 where it is removed through outlet port 5 by a metering device and/or pneumatic conveyor.
- the grease-absorbed diatomaceous earth removed from the cavity is suitably conveyed to a reprocessing chamber where the two elements, namely the diatomaceous earth and the wool grease, are separated, e.g. through a combination of microwave expos ire and chemical washing.
- the "cleaned" diatomaceous earth may then be reused for further scouring.
- the amount of irradiation can be adjusted according to the volume of wool to be scoured and the content of contaminants in the wool. Furthermore, the amount of grease-absorbing material may also be adjusted depending on the amount of grease present in the wool and the degree of scouring required. The scouring process can be monitored in situ and the volume of wool, amount of irradiation, and amount of grease absorbing material changed in order to optimise the process.
- Table 1 shows the results of tests carried out on wool scoured according to several variations of the process of the present invention. As can be seen from the results, the process allows substantial removal of grease and other contaminants from wool.
- the present invention provides a fast and economical method of scouring wool. Moreover, the wool is scoured in a substantially "dry" process which leaves minimal waste products and is environmentally acceptable. It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that numerous variations and/or modifications may be made to the invention as shown in the specific embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as broadly described. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. Table 1
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Cleaning Implements For Floors, Carpets, Furniture, Walls, And The Like (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Filters For Electric Vacuum Cleaners (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP97900152A EP0874922B1 (en) | 1996-01-16 | 1997-01-15 | Wool scouring |
DE69715593T DE69715593T2 (en) | 1996-01-16 | 1997-01-15 | WASHING WOOL |
AT97900152T ATE224468T1 (en) | 1996-01-16 | 1997-01-15 | WASHING WOOL |
AU13607/97A AU709332B2 (en) | 1996-01-16 | 1997-01-15 | Wool scouring |
NZ325150A NZ325150A (en) | 1996-01-16 | 1997-01-15 | Wool scouring using microwave cleaning and absorbent materials |
US09/116,035 US5954841A (en) | 1996-01-16 | 1998-07-15 | Wool scouring |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AUPN7582 | 1996-01-16 | ||
AUPN7582A AUPN758296A0 (en) | 1996-01-16 | 1996-01-16 | Wool scouring |
AUPO0963A AUPO096396A0 (en) | 1996-07-11 | 1996-07-11 | Wool scouring |
AUPO0963 | 1996-07-11 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/116,035 Continuation US5954841A (en) | 1996-01-16 | 1998-07-15 | Wool scouring |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1997026394A1 true WO1997026394A1 (en) | 1997-07-24 |
Family
ID=25645096
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/AU1997/000019 WO1997026394A1 (en) | 1996-01-16 | 1997-01-15 | Wool scouring |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0874922B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1077152C (en) |
AT (1) | ATE224468T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69715593T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2184057T3 (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ325150A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1997026394A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4476018B2 (en) * | 2004-05-18 | 2010-06-09 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Improved welding wire for 9Cr-1Mo steel |
RU2654986C1 (en) * | 2016-09-05 | 2018-05-23 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт овцеводства и козоводства (ФГБНУ ВНИИОК) | Method of the wool fat concentration in washing solutions monitoring with machine wool washing |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1449613A (en) * | 1920-04-23 | 1923-03-27 | Us Wool Company | Wool cleaning |
US1449826A (en) * | 1920-04-23 | 1923-03-27 | Us Wool Company | Wool product |
GB399599A (en) * | 1932-05-23 | 1933-10-12 | John Ford Paterson | Improved process of and apparatus for cleansing raw or manufactured wool |
AU1186233A (en) * | 1933-04-06 | 1934-07-05 | Process for degreasing and cleaning wool | |
GB641678A (en) * | 1947-01-23 | 1950-08-16 | Percy Townsend | Improvements in or relating to apparatus for dry scouring greasy wool or mill wool wastes or the like |
AU5829094A (en) * | 1993-01-08 | 1994-08-15 | Hallmark Dell Pty Ltd | Method and apparatus for cleaning textile fibres or other materials |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2903424A (en) * | 1954-09-14 | 1959-09-08 | Fong Willie | Treatment of wool scouring waste |
US3702264A (en) * | 1971-04-12 | 1972-11-07 | Us Agriculture | Process for cleaning wool |
DE3911959A1 (en) * | 1988-11-26 | 1990-05-31 | Heinz Doevenspeck | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR TREATING ANIMAL HAIR AND FEATHERS OR VEGETABLE FIBERS |
JPH04361666A (en) * | 1991-06-10 | 1992-12-15 | Toyo Bussan Kk | Processing of fiber |
DE4125891C2 (en) * | 1991-08-05 | 1995-01-19 | Hermann Ziegler | Process for cleaning dirty parts |
-
1997
- 1997-01-15 DE DE69715593T patent/DE69715593T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-01-15 AT AT97900152T patent/ATE224468T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-01-15 EP EP97900152A patent/EP0874922B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-01-15 CN CN97192883A patent/CN1077152C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-01-15 NZ NZ325150A patent/NZ325150A/en unknown
- 1997-01-15 ES ES97900152T patent/ES2184057T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-01-15 WO PCT/AU1997/000019 patent/WO1997026394A1/en active IP Right Grant
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1449613A (en) * | 1920-04-23 | 1923-03-27 | Us Wool Company | Wool cleaning |
US1449826A (en) * | 1920-04-23 | 1923-03-27 | Us Wool Company | Wool product |
GB399599A (en) * | 1932-05-23 | 1933-10-12 | John Ford Paterson | Improved process of and apparatus for cleansing raw or manufactured wool |
AU1186233A (en) * | 1933-04-06 | 1934-07-05 | Process for degreasing and cleaning wool | |
GB641678A (en) * | 1947-01-23 | 1950-08-16 | Percy Townsend | Improvements in or relating to apparatus for dry scouring greasy wool or mill wool wastes or the like |
AU5829094A (en) * | 1993-01-08 | 1994-08-15 | Hallmark Dell Pty Ltd | Method and apparatus for cleaning textile fibres or other materials |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
TEXTILE CHEMIST AND COLORIST, Volume 5, pages 98-101, G.H. ROBERTSON and J.P. MORGAN, May 1973, "Dry Scouring Greasy Wool to Reduce Water Pollution", page 99. * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0874922A4 (en) | 1999-04-14 |
DE69715593T2 (en) | 2003-06-05 |
ATE224468T1 (en) | 2002-10-15 |
CN1077152C (en) | 2002-01-02 |
ES2184057T3 (en) | 2003-04-01 |
CN1213415A (en) | 1999-04-07 |
NZ325150A (en) | 1998-12-23 |
EP0874922B1 (en) | 2002-09-18 |
DE69715593D1 (en) | 2002-10-24 |
EP0874922A1 (en) | 1998-11-04 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP2965693B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for treating waste | |
EP1165675B1 (en) | Method for recycling pet components and device for carrying out said method | |
KR960701258A (en) | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR RECYCLING MATERIALS | |
US4539111A (en) | Extraction apparatus | |
CZ139094A3 (en) | Recovery process of cellulose clumpy component from used sanitary article and apparatus for making the same | |
US5954841A (en) | Wool scouring | |
US5192455A (en) | Pollution pad reconditioning/recycling system | |
JPH10263520A (en) | Treating device of trash mixture containing plastic waste and device thereof | |
EP0874922B1 (en) | Wool scouring | |
AU709332B2 (en) | Wool scouring | |
JPH03175008A (en) | Method and device for regenerating waste plastic film | |
US5250197A (en) | Pollution pad reconditioning/recycling system | |
US2888449A (en) | Method and plant for the recovery of oil and proteins from animal material | |
EP0515946B1 (en) | Method for working up textile material coated with plastic as well as installation for carrying it out | |
US3419056A (en) | Method for peeling and processing grain | |
KR840003316A (en) | Method for preparing fibrous material from tissue | |
US20020079074A1 (en) | Feather processing method and product | |
US20020148572A1 (en) | Feather molding method and product | |
JPH07184605A (en) | Method for treating egg shell | |
US1005953A (en) | Treatment of lac. | |
US1620303A (en) | Process for preparing feathers for bedding and the like | |
US1197495A (en) | Process for treating wool, hirsute, and other animal fibers, as well as fabrics or textiles and the products. | |
DE10032900C2 (en) | Process for the preparation of PET containers with an alkaline hydrolysis | |
US1123166A (en) | Method of treating porous and fibrous material. | |
DE4319837C2 (en) | Washer for bed feathers, down, fibers and the like |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 97192883.5 Country of ref document: CN |
|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CU CZ DE DK EE ES FI GB GE HU IL IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MD MG MK MN MW MX NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK TJ TM TR TT UA UG US UZ VN AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): KE LS MW SD SZ UG AT BE CH DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG |
|
DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1997900152 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 09116035 Country of ref document: US |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 325150 Country of ref document: NZ |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 97525528 Country of ref document: JP |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 1997900152 Country of ref document: EP |
|
REG | Reference to national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: 8642 |
|
WWG | Wipo information: grant in national office |
Ref document number: 1997900152 Country of ref document: EP |