WO1997022780A1 - Systeme de colonne montante a catenaire - Google Patents

Systeme de colonne montante a catenaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1997022780A1
WO1997022780A1 PCT/GB1996/003155 GB9603155W WO9722780A1 WO 1997022780 A1 WO1997022780 A1 WO 1997022780A1 GB 9603155 W GB9603155 W GB 9603155W WO 9722780 A1 WO9722780 A1 WO 9722780A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
support
riser
pipe
catenary
seabed
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1996/003155
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Keith Shotbolt
Original Assignee
Foster Wheeler Energy Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GBGB9525857.0A external-priority patent/GB9525857D0/en
Priority claimed from GBGB9602500.2A external-priority patent/GB9602500D0/en
Application filed by Foster Wheeler Energy Limited filed Critical Foster Wheeler Energy Limited
Priority to GB9813350A priority Critical patent/GB2323876A/en
Priority to AU11643/97A priority patent/AU1164397A/en
Publication of WO1997022780A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997022780A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B22/00—Buoys
    • B63B22/18—Buoys having means to control attitude or position, e.g. reaction surfaces or tether
    • B63B22/20—Ballast means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/01—Risers
    • E21B17/015—Non-vertical risers, e.g. articulated or catenary-type
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/01—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells specially adapted for obtaining from underwater installations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/01—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells specially adapted for obtaining from underwater installations
    • E21B43/0107—Connecting of flow lines to offshore structures

Definitions

  • This invention relates to catenary riser systems extending from subsea oil or gas production equipment positioned on the seabed up to a floating production vessel on the surface of the sea, and to methods of installing them.
  • Suitable high pressure flexible pipe is characterised by its construction which usually includes helical steel windings to re-inforce polymer tubes or an elastomer matrix.
  • the riser pipe extends from the seabed to a mid-water support in a J-shaped catenary, and from the mid-water support to the vessel on the sea surface in a U-shaped catenary.
  • the support may be a tethered buoy or may be a fixed structure, and the J-shaped catenary may connect to subsea equipment directly beneath the floating vessel or remote from it. In the latter case, the lower portion of the J-shaped catenary will be directed away from the seabed under the vessel.
  • the upper U-shaped catenary must accept considerable movement of the vessel (for example a surge motion of 50 metres in a large wave) and must withstand relatively high cyclic hydrodynamic loads due to wave action on itself.
  • the mid-water support and lower J-shaped catenary experience relatively small wave motion.
  • the oil and gas flowing temperature at the wellhead and entering the seabed portion of the J-shaped catenary pipe may exceed 100°C and that the J-shaped section may extend over a total length approximately equal to the water depth.
  • Some offshore oil and gas fields have been discovered in water depths exceeding 1000 metres, and at that depth the J-shaped catenary will be approximately 5 times the length of the U-shaped catenary.
  • flexible pipe costs more than a solid metal pipe with similar internal diameter and pressure rating.
  • the present invention is concerned with a lower J-shaped catenary pipe with top termination at a pre-installed mid-water support, and allows installation and replacement of an upper U-shaped catenary pipe extending from the mid-water support to a vessel on the surface of the sea, to be made comparatively readily.
  • a catenary riser system for use in water to bring a riser from seabed equipment to a production vessel at the surface, the system comprising an upper portion made of flexible pipe and a lower portion, the two portions being joined at a releasable and rejoinable connector, the lower portion being designed to form a J-shaped catenary between the seabed equipment and a support at a level intermediate the seabed and the surface, the upper portion being designed to pass over the support and form a U- shaped catenary between the support and the production vessel, and at least the part of the connector attached to the lower portion being arranged to be held by the support.
  • a lower part of the riser system comprises a tube extending from the seabed equipment to a support positioned to one lateral side of a vertical line from a riser attachment point on the production vessel and at a level intermediate the seabed and the surface, the end of the tube extending to the support being attached to and supported by that support, and in which one end of a flexible pipe constituting an upper part of the riser system is progressively lowered until that end engages with guide means which guide that end into contact with the said end of the tube attached to the support, the said one end of the flexible pipe and the said end of the tube then being connected, and thereafter the lower portion of the flexible pipe is laid over the support towards the said vertical line to form a catenary upper leg of the riser system, and the other end of the flexible pipe is attached to the riser attachment point of the vessel.
  • a riser system comprising a lower tube and an upper flexible riser connected together is lowered from the surface to position the lower tube to form a catenary lower leg of the riser system extending upwards to a support provided at a level intermediate the seabed and the surface, the support having attachment means to support the upper end of the lower tube and guide means being provided for guiding the connection between the lower tube and the upper flexible riser into alignment with the attachment means, and thereafter the lower portion of the flexible pipe is laid over the support towards the said vertical line to form a catenary upper leg of the riser system, and the other end of the flexible pipe is attached to the riser attachment point of the vessel.
  • a method of installing a catenary riser system in water to bring a riser from seabed equipment to a production vessel at the surface comprising lowering a pipe from the sea surface to the seabed such that a first portion of that pipe lies along the seabed and a second portion is raised off the seabed, the point of contact of the pipe with the seabed being tangential to the pipe axis and the geometry of the second portion of the pipe forming a catenary lower leg of the riser system extending upwards to a support which is positioned to one lateral side of a line running vertically from the riser attachment point at the production vessel and a level intermediate the seabed and the sea surface, the end of pipe being at a lateral side portion thereof remote from the said line, attaching the end of pipe and to the support to sustain on the support at least the weight of the second portion of the pipe, lowering a first end of a flexible pipe from the sea surface and guiding that first end of the flexible pipe into alignment with the end of
  • a catenary riser system with mid- water support and extending from underwater equipment at the seabed to a production vessel on the surface, comprising a lower catenary riser pipe extending from the underwater equipment to engagement means on one side of the support to support the lower catenary riser pipe in position, guide means above the engagement means for guiding the lower end of an upper flexible riser into alignment with the engagement means for connection with the lower catenary riser pipe at the support, and an arch over the support over which a lower portion of the flexible riser rests to change direction from upward-facing adjacent the engagement means to downward-facing and towards the production vessel to form a catenary upper leg of the riser system.
  • the J-shaped catenary pipe may consist of a solid steel or titanium alloy material.
  • the outer surface of a metal pipe may be coated to reduce corrosion, and/or to reduce thermal conductivity to prevent cooling of the oil and gas below around 50°C prior to entering the processing equipment on the floating vessel.
  • the lower pipe is preferably made of metal tubing which allows cooling of hot oil to a temperature such that by the time the oil contacts the flexible riser it is not so hot as to cause significant creep in the material of the flexible riser with connections at the ends of the flexible riser.
  • Rigid metal pipes of 4-inch to 8-inch size (approx. 10.2cm to 20.4cm size) have a much larger minimum acceptable bend radius (typically 10 to 50 metres) than similar diameter flexible pipes (typically 1 to 2 metres). This can be seen in Table
  • the lower J-shaped catenary pipe can be a rigid metal pipe or a flexible pipe. It can also be laid in a number of ways. As described in EP-B-251 488 this pipe can be lowered to the sea floor and then the lower end pulled to the side to bring it to the seabed equipment so creating the J-shaped catenary. Alternatively this pipe, if flexible, can be lowered to connect the upper end to the support, so forming an initial U-shaped catenary, following by laying the other end to the seabed equipment which creates the J-shaped catenary.
  • the pipe axis along the seabed beyond the point of contact of the lower catenary with the seabed extends either towards seabed equipment under the vessel or towards seabed equipment remote from the vessel.
  • the mid-water support is an elongated tethered buoy
  • the buoy is also advantageous to be able to increase its buoyancy as more riser weight is laid over it.
  • the above- mentioned European Patent describes a long tethered buoy assembly comprising a beam, riser support arches and adjustable buoyancy units.
  • the buoyancy units are described as being open to the surrounding water. This design is not acceptable as the gas (probably air) will dissolve in the circulating water and buoyancy will be lost.
  • the present invention allows adjustment of mid- water support buoyancy, in particular allowing buoyancy to be increased by injecting gas into an enclosed space or cavity as more riser weight is laid over the mid-water buoy.
  • the cavity is fitted with flood and vent nozzles or valves to allow it to fill with water when it is just below the sea surface.
  • the nozzles or valves can be closed and the buoy can be readily lowered into position without applying a large amount of ballast weight to sink it.
  • a riser or many risers can be laid over arches carried by the buoy.
  • Each riser can apply around 5 tonnes or more weight and this can be balanced by injecting gas into one or more cavities inco ⁇ orated in the buoy.
  • Each cavity has a gas injection point (probably a male part of a quick-connect/disconnect hose fitting). Gas can be injected using a hose from a high pressure gas source mounted on a surface vessel. The hose connection to the gas injection point can be made by a diver or a remotely-operated-vehicle. Water in the cavity is displaced by the gas through a non-return valve, so that the pressure inside the buoy does not rise greatly above the external water pressure. Also, the surrounding water can not enter the cavity to allow the gas to dissolve in it.
  • the second end of the line can be hung-off at the buoy to form the lower catenary riser pipe rather than laying down on the seabed.
  • the J-shaped catenary may have buoyancy attached directly to its upper end and distributed over a length of 10m to 50m or more before the weight is hung on to the buoy.
  • the J-shaped riser may be insulated with a buoyant material over its entire length. Those options will reduce the buoyancy requirement of the buoy itself.
  • Some manifold piping and valves, instrument and control distribution pods can be located on the buoy rather than the seabed. Access to buoy depth for maintenance is easier than travelling down to the seabed.
  • a large diameter J-shaped riser from the seabed may have a forked or branched upper end to allow connection of two or more small diameter flexible U-shaped risers to the floating vessel.
  • the support on the buoy must be shaped to accept the forked or branched end.
  • the centre connection of a three-pronged forked upper end could be of similar diameter to the J-shaped riser to allow pig trap attachment.
  • Figure 1 is an isometric view of an entire floating production system showing multiple risers, which can be spaced at approximately 1 to 2 metres, from or to multiple wells;
  • Figure 2 is an elevation showing installation of the lower portion of the riser and attachment of the pull-wire to bring the bottom termination towards the subsea equipment;
  • Figure 3 is an elevation showing the weight of the lower J-shaped catenary being transferred to the mid-water support
  • Figure 4A is a broken away side view of the attachment of a riser to the mid-water support and
  • Figur 4B is a detail view in the direction of arrow A of Figure 4;
  • Figure 5 is an elevation showing formation of the U-shaped catenary after laying the flexible pipe upper section of the riser over the support;
  • Figure 6 is an isometric view showing a buoy assembly type of mid- water support with a beam structure carrying riser support arches and adjustable buoyancy units;
  • Figure 7 is an elevation showing a cross-section through the beam and a buoyancy unit.
  • Figure 8 is an isometric view of an entire floating production system in a relatively high current area showing guy ropes to restrain lateral movement of the mid-water buoys.
  • subsea production equipment 1 is shown positioned on the seabed and a production vessel 2 is floating directly above.
  • a mid-water support in the form of a buoy 3 is tethered to a base 4a by tether system 5.
  • the base 4 may be a gravity structure, a piled structure, or a suction anchor structure; and the tethers 5 may be parallel fibre Kevlar (Trade Mark) with a plastic sheath, a chain, or tubulars similar to those used for tension leg platform tethers.
  • Figure 2 shows a relatively rigid riser pipe section 6 being lowered vertically by an installation vessel 7 to bring the bottom end near the seabed where a pull rope 8 from the subsea equipment is attached to it.
  • Riser pipe section 6 may be suspended from vessel 7 by a wire rope (not shown) or by a flexible riser pipe 9. It is probable that the rigid pipe section 6 would be towed to the installation site in a near neutrally-buoyant horizontal position (with a tow vessel at each end) prior to being aligned vertically (e.g. by releasing one end or by buoyancy adjustment) to allow installation.
  • FIG. 3 shows the riser pipe section 6 in J-shaped catenary condition after pull-in to the subsea equipment using the rope 8 and with pipe 6 top termination 1 1 is attached, as will be described below, to the pre-installed buoy 3.
  • a remotely- operated- vehicle 10 is monitoring the assembly of the top termination to the buoy
  • the dynamically-positioned vessel 7 can adjust position to ease setting the top termination of pipe 6 on the buoy 3.
  • the buoy 3 supports the weight of the pipe section 6.
  • Figure 4 shows the top termination 1 1 of riser pipe section 6. This comprises a stop
  • the top termination 1 1 also comprises a lower or male part 14 of a separable connector.
  • Figure 4 also shows the upper part 15 of that separable connector in mating engagement with the lower part 14, the upper part 15 being attached to a flexible riser pipe 9.
  • the two parts could be bolted or hydraulically- clamped together to form a pressure tight connection.
  • the upper part 15 may be attached to the flexible riser pipe 9 which may be used to lower the riser pipe section 6, or a wire rope (not shown) may be used in which case the two parts of the connector will be brought together later.
  • the buoy 3 includes an arched surface 19 over which the flexible riser will lay.
  • This support includes a recess 16 to receive the connector and the detent 13a at the bottom of that recess and on which the stop 12 attached to the end of the section 6 rests to support the weight of the end of the section 6.
  • the support 13 also includes a slot 17 which allows entry of the end of the section 6, whether or not with the pipe 9 connected, so that the stop 12 can rest on the detent 13a after slight lowering.
  • the slot 17 may have bars fitted which diverge in the horizontal plane to act as guides to ease the entry of the riser pipe into the slot, similarly to the divergent lips described in Figures 9a and 9b of the above-mentioned European Patent.
  • This recess 16 is open at the top to allow vertical removal or addition of the flexible pipe 9 and the connector half 15. At its upper open end the recess 16 has an upwardly facing funnel portion 18 to ease re-connection of a replacement flexible pipe 9 and connector half 15 by guiding it towards the lower half 14. The open upper end also allows tangential engagement of the flexible pipe 9 with the arched surface 19 of the buoy 3.
  • Figure 5 shows the formation of the upper U-shaped catenary with the flexible pipe
  • Figure 6 shows the buoy which comprises a beam 3 with riser support arches 19 and adjustable buoyancy units 20 mounted on it.
  • FIG. 7 shows a buoyancy unit 20 on the beam with two enclosed cavities 21 and 22, one on each side of the beam 3a with the larger cavity 21 positioned on the same side as the heaviest riser catenary. This is usually the J-shaped catenary down to the seabed made up of the section 6.
  • Each cavity has a flood nozzle 23 or flood valve (not shown) and a vent nozzle 24 or vent valve (not shown). These nozzles 23 and 24 or valves are opened prior to lowering the beam 3 a into the water.
  • the cavities 21 and 22 are allowed to fill with water while the beam is just below water surface and then the flood and vent ports 23 and 24 are closed.
  • FIG 8 shows the buoy assembly beams 3a restrained against lateral movement due to current drag loading by guy ropes 27 which may be of steel wire or synthetic fibre construction. The latter has relatively low weight in the submerged condition.
  • the guy ropes are shown attached to anchor piles 28 which are driven into the seabed. Means for tensioning the ropes (not shown) may be included near the attachment point to the buoy.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Laying Of Electric Cables Or Lines Outside (AREA)

Abstract

Système de colonne montante à caténaire à utiliser dans l'eau pour amener une colonne montante depuis un équipement (1) placé sur le sol marin à une plate-forme de production (2) située à la surface, ledit système comprenant une partie supérieure constituée d'un tuyau souple et une partie inférieure, les deux parties étant raccordées par un connecteur libérable. La partie inférieure est destinée à former un caténaire en forme de J entre l'équipement situé sur le sol marin et un support (3) situé à un niveau intermédiaire entre le fond marin et la surface, et la partie supérieure est conçue pour passer au-dessus du support (3) et former un caténaire en forme de U entre le support (3) et la plate-forme de production (2), au moins la partie du connecteur attachée à la partie inférieure étant conçue pour être maintenue par le support (3).
PCT/GB1996/003155 1995-12-19 1996-12-19 Systeme de colonne montante a catenaire WO1997022780A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9813350A GB2323876A (en) 1995-12-19 1996-12-19 Catenary riser system
AU11643/97A AU1164397A (en) 1995-12-19 1996-12-19 Catenary riser system

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9525857.0 1995-12-19
GBGB9525857.0A GB9525857D0 (en) 1995-12-19 1995-12-19 Floating production riser system
GB9602500.2 1996-02-07
GBGB9602500.2A GB9602500D0 (en) 1996-02-07 1996-02-07 Mid-water buoy for catenary risers

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1997022780A1 true WO1997022780A1 (fr) 1997-06-26

Family

ID=26308315

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1996/003155 WO1997022780A1 (fr) 1995-12-19 1996-12-19 Systeme de colonne montante a catenaire

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU1164397A (fr)
GB (1) GB2323876A (fr)
WO (1) WO1997022780A1 (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0894938A1 (fr) * 1997-08-01 1999-02-03 Coflexip Dispositif de transfert de fluide entre un équipement de fond sous-marin et une unité de surface.
WO2006006852A1 (fr) * 2004-07-12 2006-01-19 Heerema Marine Contractors Nederland B.V. Procede et dispositif permettant de relier une colonne montante a une structure cible
GB2429993A (en) * 2005-09-09 2007-03-14 2H Offshore Engineering Ltd Catenary riser system
WO2009156695A1 (fr) * 2008-06-27 2009-12-30 Technip France Procédé d'installation d'une tour hybride dans une étendue d'eau, tour hybride et installation d'exploitation de fluides associée
GB2472644A (en) * 2009-08-14 2011-02-16 Acergy France Sa Marine riser apparatus and method of installation
US8123437B2 (en) 2005-10-07 2012-02-28 Heerema Marine Contractors Nederland B.V. Pipeline assembly comprising an anchoring device
US8136599B2 (en) 2004-04-27 2012-03-20 Acergy France S.A. Marine riser tower
WO2012120251A3 (fr) * 2011-03-10 2013-03-14 Subsea 7 Ms Limited Systèmes de retenue pour canalisations montantes découplées hybrides

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4182584A (en) * 1978-07-10 1980-01-08 Mobil Oil Corporation Marine production riser system and method of installing same
EP0251488A2 (fr) * 1986-06-05 1988-01-07 Bechtel Limited Dispositif de colonnes montantes souples et son procédé d'utilisation
US4797029A (en) * 1986-11-24 1989-01-10 National Oilwell Remotely installing a tubular string
GB2295408A (en) * 1994-10-12 1996-05-29 Mobil Oil Corp Marine steel catenary riser system

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4182584A (en) * 1978-07-10 1980-01-08 Mobil Oil Corporation Marine production riser system and method of installing same
EP0251488A2 (fr) * 1986-06-05 1988-01-07 Bechtel Limited Dispositif de colonnes montantes souples et son procédé d'utilisation
US4797029A (en) * 1986-11-24 1989-01-10 National Oilwell Remotely installing a tubular string
GB2295408A (en) * 1994-10-12 1996-05-29 Mobil Oil Corp Marine steel catenary riser system

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
CHARLES H. ALEXANDER ET AL: "A HYBRID RISER FOR DEEP WATER", OFFSHORE SOUTH EAST ASIA (CONFERENCE PAPER OSEA-94113), 6 December 1994 (1994-12-06), SINGAPORE, pages 107 - 114, XP000646022 *

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2766869A1 (fr) * 1997-08-01 1999-02-05 Coflexip Dispositif de transfert de fluide entre un equipement de fond sous-marin et une unite de surface
US6109833A (en) * 1997-08-01 2000-08-29 Coflexip Device for transferring fluid between equipment on the seabed and a surface unit
AU736476B2 (en) * 1997-08-01 2001-07-26 Coflexip S.A. A device for transferring fluid between equipment on the seabed and a surface unit
EP0894938A1 (fr) * 1997-08-01 1999-02-03 Coflexip Dispositif de transfert de fluide entre un équipement de fond sous-marin et une unité de surface.
US8136599B2 (en) 2004-04-27 2012-03-20 Acergy France S.A. Marine riser tower
WO2006006852A1 (fr) * 2004-07-12 2006-01-19 Heerema Marine Contractors Nederland B.V. Procede et dispositif permettant de relier une colonne montante a une structure cible
US7591316B2 (en) 2005-09-09 2009-09-22 2H Offshore Engineering Ltd. Production system
GB2429993B (en) * 2005-09-09 2010-05-19 2H Offshore Engineering Ltd Production system
GB2429993A (en) * 2005-09-09 2007-03-14 2H Offshore Engineering Ltd Catenary riser system
US8123437B2 (en) 2005-10-07 2012-02-28 Heerema Marine Contractors Nederland B.V. Pipeline assembly comprising an anchoring device
WO2009156695A1 (fr) * 2008-06-27 2009-12-30 Technip France Procédé d'installation d'une tour hybride dans une étendue d'eau, tour hybride et installation d'exploitation de fluides associée
FR2933124A1 (fr) * 2008-06-27 2010-01-01 Technip France Procede d'installation d'une tour hybride dans une etendue d'eau, tour hybride et installation d'exploitation de fluides associee
US8555982B2 (en) 2008-06-27 2013-10-15 Technip France Method for setting up a hybrid tower in an expanse of water, hybrid tower associated installation for exploiting fluids
GB2472644A (en) * 2009-08-14 2011-02-16 Acergy France Sa Marine riser apparatus and method of installation
WO2012120251A3 (fr) * 2011-03-10 2013-03-14 Subsea 7 Ms Limited Systèmes de retenue pour canalisations montantes découplées hybrides
US9121230B2 (en) 2011-03-10 2015-09-01 Subsea 7 Limited Restraint systems for hybrid decoupled risers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2323876A (en) 1998-10-07
GB9813350D0 (en) 1998-08-19
AU1164397A (en) 1997-07-14

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