WO2003031765A1 - Tube goulotte et procede d'installation de celui-ci - Google Patents

Tube goulotte et procede d'installation de celui-ci Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003031765A1
WO2003031765A1 PCT/EP2002/011382 EP0211382W WO03031765A1 WO 2003031765 A1 WO2003031765 A1 WO 2003031765A1 EP 0211382 W EP0211382 W EP 0211382W WO 03031765 A1 WO03031765 A1 WO 03031765A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
section
riser
buoyancy
pipe
rigid
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2002/011382
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Terje Clausen
Original Assignee
Rockwater Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB0124305A external-priority patent/GB2380747B/en
Priority claimed from GB0209031A external-priority patent/GB2387635A/en
Application filed by Rockwater Limited filed Critical Rockwater Limited
Priority to US10/492,222 priority Critical patent/US20050063788A1/en
Priority to GB0408310A priority patent/GB2400622B/en
Publication of WO2003031765A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003031765A1/fr
Priority to NO20041910A priority patent/NO20041910L/no

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/01—Risers
    • E21B17/012—Risers with buoyancy elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/01—Risers
    • E21B17/015—Non-vertical risers, e.g. articulated or catenary-type

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a riser, for the transport of fluid hydrocarbons from an underwater wellhead.
  • Risers of two different types are commonly used in bringing oil or gas from a sub-sea well to the surface.
  • Flexible pipes have the advantages of being relatively easy to install, reducing the cost and risks involved in the installation process itself, and being resistant to work fatigue brought on by cyclic forces exerted on the pipe by the movement of the sea and other factors.
  • solid steel pipes are considerably less costly to manufacture.
  • the second is a catenary configuration in which the riser starts from the well head running along the seabed, before rising up from the seabed towards a vessel floating or otherwise situated on the sea's surface, such that the riser forms a gentle curve in the shape of a catenary, or the riser catenary extends directly from the well head itself to the support vessel.
  • FIG. 1 shows the use of flexible piping in a modification of the catenary configuration, as is known in the prior art.
  • a vessel 3 is disposed on the surface of the sea 1 , with a flexible riser 4, extending from the seabed up to the vessel in a configuration known as a "lazy S".
  • An anchored mid water arch 5 is provided over which the riser 4 passes so as to provide an upper catenary section and a lower catenary section.
  • FIG 2 shows an alternative configuration of a flexible riser known from the prior art, which is commonly referred to as a "lazy wave".
  • the flexible riser rises to the vessel 3 from the seabed 2 and is provided with a plurality of buoyancy elements 7 at a point along the flexible riser's length, such that a portion of the flexible riser is lifted up from the curve which the riser would otherwise adopt under its own weight as it rises from the seabed. A portion of the riser is thus retained substantially stationary in the water by the buoys, and is relatively unaffected by the movement in the vessel 3.
  • the buoyancy elements 7 generally consist of pre-formed foam discs, which are clamped around the flexible riser.
  • FIG 3 shows a rigid riser configuration.
  • Rigid risers are generally constructed from steel piping, in the form of tubular sections welded together. In the configuration shown in Fig 3, this is known as a steel catenary riser (SCR).
  • SCR steel catenary riser
  • This configuration comprises a continuous steel pipe, which may be several kilometres long rising to a vessel 3 on the sea surface from the seabed 2, bending in a smooth curve, such that the rigid riser leaves the wellhead in a substantially horizontal manner and arrives at the support vessel in a vertical or nearly vertical orientation.
  • this configuration has the drawback that variations in the position of the vessel 3 result in cyclic stresses at the touch down point 6 of the catenary riser 9, such that the rigid riser is fatigued over time, and is prone to failure.
  • the riser bar 12 remains substantially stationary in the water, regardless of movements in the surface vessel 3, such that the steel catenary riser 13 is isolated from cyclic effects, and the touch down zone 6 is not fatigued. Further, the load on the surface vessel from the risers is reduced, since the buoy carries the weight of the lower part of the risers. The cost and effort involved in installing and maintaining the system, in particular the anchoring of the float arrangements, is substantial however.
  • a riser having three sections. These three sections comprise an upper flexible riser section 10 ascending to the surface vessel 3, a second lower flexible riser section 15 ascending from the seabed, and a rigid riser section 14 disposed between and interconnecting the two flexible riser sections 10 and 15.
  • This configuration has the advantage that substantially all forces resulting from movement of the surface vessel 3 are absorbed by the two flexible portions of the riser s 10 and 15.
  • a further alternative arrangement is the tower riser, which comprises a rigid, vertical riser tower provided with air tanks at the upper extremity, and connected to a surface vessel by a flexible riser pipe.
  • the present invention seeks to overcome drawbacks of various riser configurations discussed above.
  • Objects of the present invention thus include the provision of a riser configuration which is suitable for use in deep water, is less prone to fatigue effects or abrasion, and is of comparatively low cost and simple to construct and install.
  • a riser having a lower section and an upper section, said upper section comprising a flexible pipe which may be made for example of standard flexible pipe, composite material or titanium and said lower section comprising a substantially rigid pipe in communication with the flexible pipe and forming a catenary, said riser further comprising a buoyancy section at or in the region of an upper end of said rigid pipe.
  • a riser having a lower section and an upper section, said upper section comprising a flexible pipe which may be made for example of standard flexible pipe, composite material or titanium and said lower section comprising a substantially rigid pipe in communication with the flexible pipe and forming a catenary, said riser further comprising a buoyancy section at or in the region of an upper end of said rigid pipe, said buoyancy section being tethered to a vessel on the sea's surface.
  • a riser having a lower section and an upper section, said upper section comprising at least one flexible pipe and said lower section comprising at least one substantially rigid pipe and forming a catenary, said riser further comprising a buoyancy section at or in the region of an upper end of said rigid pipe, said buoyancy section comprising an elongate buoyancy unit extending lengthwise of the rigid pipe.
  • said buoyancy section is tethered to a vessel on the sea's surface.
  • buoyancy section is tethered to the seabed.
  • a further tether may be provided between a point on the rigid pipe above the high bending area thereof, and the seabed.
  • the lower section may comprise a plurality of rigid pipes and said upper section may each comprise a corresponding plurality of flexible pipes.
  • This construction is advantageous in that it provides for the transportation of different fluids in different directions through the same pipeline requiring a single installation process.
  • said plurality of rigid pipes may be arranged around the outside of said buoyancy section and may in addition be spaced apart evenly about the circumference of said buoyancy section.
  • Each of the plurality of rigid pipes may be fixed at or near an upper extremity thereof to said buoyancy section.
  • said buoyancy section may be further provided with a plurality of sleeves intended to slidingly receive said plurality of rigid pipes respectively.
  • the riser may further comprise a spacer connected to each of said plurality of rigid pipes, or to each of said plurality of flexible pipes so as to maintain said plurality of rigid pipes or each of said plurality of flexible pipes in a fixed position relative the other rigid pipes or flexible pipes.
  • said spacer is provided at a point on said rigid riser below a lower extremity of said buoyancy section.
  • each of said at least one flexible pipes is joined to a respective one of at least one rigid pipes at a substantially right angle.
  • This configuration is advantageous in that the connection of a tether to the upper part of the buoyancy section is facilitated.
  • the substantially right-angled joins between respective rigid and flexible pipes are spaced apart from one another along the length of said buoyancy section.
  • This configuration is advantageous in that the joints between the flexible and rigid sections can easily be separated from one another so as to facilitate connection of these joints during an installation process.
  • said buoyancy section is made of a foam. This has the advantage of not being affected by leaks in the structure of the riser.
  • said buoyancy section is a tube arranged such that the rigid riser runs therethrough. This construction is highly cost effective.
  • buoyancy section is made of steel, titanium, aluminium or a composite material.
  • a buoyancy unit according to this construction can be produced using the techniques conventionally used in the construction of rigid riser pipes, therefore further improving economy and autonomy.
  • a riser wherein said solid tube is arranged coaxially to said rigid riser. This configuration makes it easier to ensure a predictable spacing between the inner and outer tubes, with associated effects on the mechanical and thermodynamic properties of the riser as a whole.
  • This is commonly called a Pipe-ln-Pipe system
  • said buoyancy section further comprises a plurality of bulkheads dividing said buoyancy section into a plurality of closed chambers. This makes it possible to finely control the buoyancy of the buoyancy unit, and therefore the riser as a whole. It also introduces a degree of leak and damage resistance.
  • a riser wherein at least one valve is provided allowing flow of a fluid from inside said rigid riser to the interior of a respective at least one of said closed chambers.
  • a further development involves the provision of at least one valve allowing flow of a fluid from inside a respective at least one of said closed chambers to the exterior of said buoyancy unit. By means of these valves it is possible to control the buoyancy of the buoyancy unit.
  • a riser having a lower section and an upper section, where said upper section comprises a flexible pipe, and said lower section comprises a rigid pipe in communication with the flexible pipe, and wherein said riser further comprises a buoyancy section at an upper end of said rigid pipe, said method involving the steps of;
  • This method is advantageous in that it can be carried out without specially adapted deployment vessels.
  • a riser having a lower section and an upper section, where said upper section comprises a flexible pipe, and said lower section comprises a rigid pipe in communication with the flexible pipe, and wherein said riser further comprises a buoyancy section at an upper end of said rigid pipe, said method involving the steps of;
  • one or more temporary buoyancy elements are connected to said rigid riser such that buoyancy is distributed along the length of the riser substantially evenly.
  • the lower end of said rigid riser may be connected to said well head by means of jumpers or rigid spools.
  • said rigid pipe and the buoyancy section are towed out to sea to the location where the riser is to be installed further using a second tug and a second tether said second tether being connected to a point along the rigid riser behind the point to which said first tether is connected.
  • said rigid riser is pressurised with a gas prior to said step of expelling fluid from the buoyancy unit. This makes the provision of external pumping or pressurising means during the installation process unnecessary.
  • a riser configuration having a lower section and an upper section, where said upper section comprises a flexible pipe, and said lower section comprises a rigid pipe in communication with the flexible pipe, and wherein said riser further comprises a buoyancy section at an upper end of said rigid pipe, said method involving the steps of: i. constructing the entire riser structure on land, ii. at least partially flooding said buoyancy unit, such that the buoyancy of the riser is negative, iii. towing the riser out to be installed at sea to the location where the riser is to be installed by at least a first tug (42) using a first tether (44), iv. allowing riser to land on the seabed, v.
  • the above methods may also comprise the step of attaching a tether between the buoyancy unit and said surface/installation vessel or the seabed, so as to reduce the strains exerted on the riser.
  • the above methods may also comprise the step of attaching a tether between a point on the rigid pipe above the high bending area thereof, and the seabed.
  • a riser having a lower section and an upper section, said upper section comprising a flexible pipe and said lower section comprising a rigid pipe in communication with the upper section, said riser further comprising a buoyancy section at an upper end of said rigid pipe, said method comprising the steps of i. lowering successive lengths of rigid pipe section in the sea, each length being connected endwise to the length of pipe section below it; ii. connecting a lower end of a further length of rigid pipe section having a buoyancy section comprising an elongate buoyancy unit extending lengthwise of said further length of rigid pipe section to an upper end of the length of rigid pipe section immediately below it, to form said rigid pipe; iii.
  • the buoyancy unit is many times its diameter in length, and is disposed along the length of the upper part of the rigid catenary section.
  • the buoyancy unit may float freely in the water, or may be tethered to an object on the surface of the sea or at the seabed.
  • a riser having a lower section (6) and an upper section (10), said upper section comprising a flexible pipe and said lower section comprising a rigid pipe in communication with the upper section, said riser further comprising a buoyancy section (16) at an upper end of said rigid pipe
  • said method comprising the steps of: i. lowering a rigid pipe into the sea by reeling, ii. connecting a lower end of a further length of rigid pipe section having a buoyancy section comprising an elongate buoyancy unit extending lengthwise of said further length of rigid pipe section to an upper end of the length of rigid pipe section immediately below it, to form said rigid pipe; iii. connecting a flexible pipe to an upper end of said rigid pipe; iv. lowering the flexible pipe; v. allowing the buoyancy unit to sink; vi. adjusting the position of the floating vessel such that the rigid pipe assumes the configuration of a catenary in the sea water and; vii. connecting a lower end of the rigid pipe to a wellhead or flowline.
  • the buoyancy unit is allowed to sink before said steps of: lowering a rigid pipe into the sea, and connecting a lower end of a further length of rigid pipe section having a buoyancy section comprising an elongate buoyancy unit extending lengthwise of said further length of rigid pipe section to an upper end of the length of rigid pipe section immediately below it, to form said rigid pipe.
  • the method may comprise the further step of attaching a tether (17c) between a point on said rigid pipe 13 above the high bending area thereof, and the seabed.
  • a subsea riser comprising a first plurality of service pipes and a further pipe, the first plurality of service pipes and further pipe being in mutually spaced-apart relation, the further pipe being divided along its length into a second plurality of separate sections, each section having a vent valve communicating with the outside of the further pipe, one end of the further pipe having an inlet means for the introduction of a high-pressure gas and the further pipe comprising a third plurality of open-ended tubes extending between respective pairs of adjacent sections.
  • This riser may be employed as part of the riser arrangements described earlier.
  • Figure 1 is a side view showing a riser configuration according to a first arrangement known in the prior art
  • Figure 2 is a corresponding view of a second riser configuration known in the prior art
  • Figure 3 is a side elevation of a third riser configuration known in the prior art
  • Figure 4 is a side view of a riser configuration known in the prior art
  • Figure 5 is a side view of a fifth riser configuration known in the prior art
  • Figure 6 is a side view of a first embodiment according to the present invention.
  • Figure 7a is a side view of a second embodiment according to the present invention.
  • Figure 7b is a side view of a second variant of the second embodiment of the present invention as shown in Figure 7a;
  • Figure 8 is a side view of a third embodiment of the present invention;
  • Figure 9 shows a fourth embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 10 shows a fifth embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 11 shows details of the buoyancy unit incorporated in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 12a shows details of the buoyancy unit 16 incorporated in an embodiment of the present invention in a first state
  • Figure 12b shows details of the buoyancy unit 16 incorporated in an embodiment of the present invention in a second state
  • FIG 13 shows details of the buoyancy unit 16 incorporated in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 14 shows details of the buoyancy unit 16 and the lower rigid catenary pipe section 13 incorporated in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 15 shows details of the buoyancy unit, the upper portion of the rigid catenary pipe section and the flexible riser of Figure 9;
  • Figure 16a shows a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 16b shows a cross-section through the diameter of the buoyancy unit (16) of figure 16 a through the line AA.
  • Figure 16c shows a cross-section through the diameter of the riser pipes of figure 16a through the line BB
  • Figure 17a shows a further development of the sixth embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 17b shows in further detail the configuration of the elements shown in Figure 17a at a cross-section through the line AA.
  • Figure 17c shows in further detail the configuration of the elements shown in Figure 17a at a cross-section through the line BB.
  • Figure 18a shows a combination of the embodiments of Figure 6 and Figure 17a.
  • Figure 18b shows in further detail the configuration of the elements shown in Figure 18a at a cross-section through the line AA.
  • Figure 18c shows in further detail the configuration of the elements shown in Figure 18a at a cross-section through the line BB.
  • Figures 19a to 19e show stages of a method of installing a riser of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figures 20a to 20 e shows a further method of installing a riser according to any proceeding embodiment.
  • Figure 21 shows the use of a first controlled depth towing method.
  • Figure 22 shows the use of a second controlled depth towing method.
  • Figure 23 shows the use of a third towing method.
  • Figure 24 is a cross-section through a riser arrangement according to a ninth aspect of the invention.
  • Figure 25 shows the same arrangement as Figure 24, but with the section taken directly adjacent a spacer connecting the service riser pipes to a central core pipe
  • Figure 26 is a diagram showing the creation of buoyancy in the core pipe of Figure 25.
  • FIG. 6 shows a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • a hybrid riser ascends to a surface vessel 3 from the seabed 2, and comprises a flexible pipe section 10 connected to said surface vessel 3 and the top part of a rigid riser 13 having the configuration of a catenary, which is further connected to a wellhead on the seabed 2.
  • the surface vessel 3 may be a ship, a semi-submersible unit, a Tension Leg Platform, a Spar platform or other surface vessel as appropriate.
  • the riser may alternatively be terminated at a riser base, and thus not extended all the way to the well head. It may also be used as an export riser.
  • the rigid riser portion 13 is held substantially immobile in the sea by the buoyancy unit 16.
  • the flexible riser portion 10 absorbs the motion of the surface vessel 3, and other forces exerted thereon, for example by the movement of the sea itself.
  • Figure 6 to 10 show the surface vessel 3 as being distant from the well head, it will be appreciated that the arrangement of the present invention also allows for the situation of the surface vessel above the well head. In this, and other cases, the upper riser section will depart from the buoyancy unit at a different location and angle to those shown in Figures 6 to 10.
  • the flexible riser 10 is attached to the upper end of the rigid riser 13 at right angles and hangs suspended in the water in the configuration of a catenary.
  • a tether 17 may be provided between the buoyancy unit 16 and surface vessel 3, or alternatively, a tether 17b may be provided between the buoyancy unit 16 and a point on the sea surface or seabed .
  • This arrangement is advantageous over the prior art as embodied for example by the tower riser as discussed above, in that the demands of anchoring the rigid riser to the seabed are reduced, there is no requirement for a flexible joint, and the degree of buoyancy required is reduced.
  • the positioning of the joint between the rigid and flexible riser parts so that the upper riser part intersects the buoyancy unit 16 at an angle exceeding 45 degrees thereto has the advantage of facilitating the attachment of a tether 17 to the upper end of the buoyancy unit 16 so that extreme movements of the surface vessel 3 will not exert undesirably large forces on the flexible 10, but will rather be absorbed by the tether 17.
  • a tether 17c is connected between the upper part of the lower rigid section 13, and the sea floor. It has been found to be highly advantageous in terms of the stability of the riser, and the limitation of fatigue thereto, to connect the seabed tether 17c to the riser 13 just over the high bending area, instead of at the buoyancy tank as described with regard to the tether 17b. It may nonetheless be found desirable to use this configuration in addition to the configuration of tethers 17b and 17. As an alternative, the tether position 17c may be transferred to 17d as shown, i.e. a long way down the riser 13.
  • FIG. 7b A variation of this second embodiment is shown in Figure 7b, where the tether 17 is further provided with at least one tensioning weight 18, which causes the tether 17 to deviate from a substantially straight line between the surface vessel 3 and the top of the buoyancy unit 16.
  • a variation of this is to use at least one heavy tether segment such as a chain segment for example. This has the effect of limiting the forces exerted on the buoyancy unit 16 to a substantially horizontal plane, thereby reducing the risk of inducing fatigue in the lower portion 6 of the rigid riser 13.
  • the rigid riser section 13 comprises a plurality of individual rigid pipes bundled together.
  • the pipes are intended for carrying the same or different fluids, selected from production fluid, natural gas, injection air and water, for example.
  • Flexible riser sections 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d, etc. are coupled at right angles to respective rigid pipes in the rigid section 13, at intervals along the parts of the rigid riser section along which extends the buoyancy unit 16.
  • Figure 9 shows an equivalent structure to that of Figure 8, but with the further provision of a tether 17 between the top of the buoyancy unit 16 and the sea surface 1.
  • this tether has the effect of reducing the forces exerted on the flexible riser sections 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d, etc.
  • a tether 17c is connected between the upper part of the lower rigid section 13, and the sea floor. It has been found to be highly advantageous in terms of the stability of the riser, and the limitation of fatigue thereto, to connect the seabed tether 17c to the riser 13 just over the high bending area, instead of at the buoyancy tank as described with regard to the tether 17b. It may nonetheless be found desirable to use this configuration in addition to the configuration of tethers 17b and 17.
  • a top section of the rigid riser extends beyond the upper end of the buoyancy unit and deviates from the line defined by the essentially vertically rising section of the rigid riser.
  • FIG. 11 shows further detail of the buoyancy unit 16 used in Figure
  • the buoyancy unit comprises an essentially tubular structure arranged coaxially with the rigid riser 13.
  • the buoyancy unit is made of any suitable buoyant material, for example a foam. It may alternatively comprise a rigid hollow buoyant tank made of steel, composite material, aluminium or other materials as will readily occur to the skilled person, which is either an intrinsic part of the upper section of the rigid riser , or a separate tubular structure which is secured thereto. Such a tank may be filled with gas, or a foam or other buoyant material.
  • FIG 12a shows the structure of the buoyancy unit 16 according to a preferred configuration.
  • the buoyancy unit 16 is formed by positioning the rigid riser 13 coaxially inside a second pipe of larger diameter, such that a tubular space is formed between the two pipes.
  • Six annular bulkheads are provided in this tubular space, so as to divide it into five separate tanks.
  • valves 22a and 22b are provided between the inside of said rigid riser 13, and the inside of a second and fourth of said tubular spaces 21a and 21b.
  • a further two valves 23a and 23b are provided between said second and fourth tubular spaces 21a and 21b, and the outside of said buoyancy unit 16.
  • the ends of the rigid riser 13 are sealed, and the rigid riser is pre-pressurised, for example with nitrogen (N 2 ) gas.
  • First, third and fifth tubular spaces 20a, 20b and 20c are similarly filled with gas.
  • the second and fourth tubular spaces 21a and 21b are filled with seawater, or another fluid having a higher density than the gas with which the rigid riser pipe 13 is filled.
  • the buoyancy tank compartments may be filled with a lightweight fluid during tow out, which makes the buoyancy section close to neutrally buoyant. This fluid will be replaced by gas (compressed nitrogen or similar) during (or prior to or after) the upending operation (i.e. when the buoyancy tank is elevated into its final position).
  • the gas is supplied from a surface vessel, or from compressed gas in the pipelines, or from compressed gas in the buoyancy tank.
  • the number and configuration of the tanks into which the tubular space is divided may be varied as expedient. It may also be found advantageous to provide tubing connecting the different valves, or to connect one or more chambers together by tubing such that they can be vented through a common valve, or other arrangements so as to facilitate the transfer of fluids to and from the buoyancy unit. It may further be found to be advantageous to provide means such that the transfer of fluids to and from the buoyancy unit can be effected after the installation of the riser.
  • Figure 12b shows the riser 16 of the same preferred embodiment of Figure 12a, in a second state.
  • the valves 22a, 22b, 23a and 23b can be opened, such that the water in the second and fourth tubular spaces 21a and 21b is expelled through valves 23a and 23b, and displaced by the pressurised gas from said rigid riser 13, which flows into said second and fourth tubular spaces through said valves 22a and 22b.
  • This has the effect of reducing the overall average density of the buoyancy unit 16.
  • Figure 13 shows a further configuration of the structure of the buoyancy unit 16, in which a tubular gap 32 is provided between the rigid riser 13 and the buoyancy unit 16. This gap 32 is defined by the inner wall 33 of the buoyancy unit 16 and the outer wall 31 of the rigid riser 16.
  • This gap is provided to provide insulation between the fluids flowing through the rigid riser 13 and the surrounding seawater.
  • the gap may be filled with a gas, a fluid or any other insulating material, and may further comprise spacers to maintain the coaxial configuration of the riser 13 and the buoyancy unit 16.
  • riser pipes such as that shown in Figure 13 so as to form a bundle, where each pipe has its own buoyancy sleeve.
  • the number and configuration of the riser pipes may be varied as expedient.
  • the rigid pipes may be arranged such that the bundle describes a circle in cross section, or a "flat pack" arrangement, in which the separate pipes are arranged in rows, or other arrangements as may be found to be advantageous.
  • Figure 14 shows details of a further design for the buoyancy unit 16 and the rigid riser 13, in which the structure of the buoyancy unit 16 is extended along the entire length of the rigid riser 13.
  • a lower portion of the buoyancy unit 16 is reduced in outer diameter, such that the external diameter of the structure is reduced, the internal diameter of the rigid riser 13 remaining constant.
  • the cross-sectional area of insulating material which may for example comprise gas, foam, gel etc, and may be different in the buoy section than in the riser within the buoyancy unit 16 in this lower section is thus reduced.
  • riser pipes such as that shown in Figure 14 so as to form a bundle, where each pipe has its own buoyancy sleeve.
  • the number and configuration of the riser pipes may be varied as expedient.
  • the rigid pipes may be arranged such that the bundle describes a circle in cross section, or a "flat pack" arrangement, in which the separate pipes are arranged in rows, or other arrangements as may be found to be advantageous.
  • FIG 15 shows further details of the buoyancy unit 16 according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in Figure 9.
  • the rigid riser 13 comprises a bundle of rigid pipes, which are connected at their upper ends to respective flexible pipes perpendicular thereto, at lateral positions spaced longitudinally along the upper portion of the buoyancy unit 16.
  • six rigid riser pipes which are connected respectively to flexible riser pipes 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d, 10e and 10f.
  • a tether 17 connected to an upper surface of said buoyancy section 16.
  • the number and configuration of the riser pipes may be varied as expedient.
  • the rigid pipes may be arranged such that the bundle describes a circle in cross section, or a "flat pack" arrangement, in which the separate pipes are arranged in rows, or other arrangements as may be found to be advantageous.
  • FIG 16 shows a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • two hybrid risers ascend to a surface vessel (3) from the seabed (2), each comprising a flexible pipe section (101 , 102) which may be made for example of standard flexible pipe, composite material or titanium composite or other material, connected to said surface vessel (3), and the top part of a rigid riser (131 , 132) having the configuration of a catenary, and a lower extremity thereof may further be connected to a wellhead on the seabed (2).
  • the surface vessel (3) may be a ship, a semi-submersible unit, a tension leg platform, a spar platform or other surface vessel as appropriate.
  • the riser may alternatively be terminated at a riser base, and thus not extend all the way to the wellhead.
  • Such a riser may also be used as an export riser or indeed in any other such application.
  • a buoyancy unit (16) disposed between the upper part (131 ) of the first rigid riser, and the upper part (132) of the second rigid riser.
  • the buoyancy unit (16) is of a substantially elongate shape, such that its length is many times its diameter and is arranged along the length of the upper part (131) and (132) of the rigid risers respectively.
  • the buoyancy unit is made of any suitable buoyant material, for example a foam. It may alternatively comprise a rigid hollow buoyant tank made of steel, composite material, aluminium or other materials as will readily occur to the skilled person, which is either an intrinsic part of the upper section of the rigid riser , or a separate tubular structure which is secured thereto. Such a tank may be filled with gas, or a foam or other buoyant material.
  • each rigid riser (131 , 132) may be connected to the buoyancy unit (16) by means of a hang-off arrangement or other bearing or fixture (251 , 252), or may simply be welded or otherwise fixed thereto. A similar arrangement may be provided at other points along the length of the buoyancy unit (16). Furthermore, one or more sleeves (261 , 262) may be attached to the buoyancy unit, with the rigid riser (131 , 132) fitting slidingly through the sleeve.
  • the two rigid risers (131 , 132) can be retained in a parallel or other desired configuration as they descend in a catenary manner to the sea floor. It may be desirable to employ spacers of different lengths along the length of the risers, so that the separation thereof changes as a function of distance from the sea bed.
  • the two risers are provided on opposite sides of the buoyancy unit (16), that is, separated by an angle of 180°, it is also possible to position the risers at other angles, so as to bring the rigid risers closer to each other on one side of the buoyancy unit (16).
  • Figure 16b shows a cross-section through the diameter of the buoyancy unit (16) through the line AA.
  • Figure 16b shows a cross-section through the diameter of the buoyancy unit (16) through the line AA.
  • Figure 16c shows a cross-section through the diameter of the riser pipes (131 , 132) through the line BB, in which can be seen more clearly the configuration of the clamps (271 , 272), the risers (131 , 132) and the spacer bar (29).
  • the riser structure is also possible to construct the riser structure using conventional methods whilst at sea such as J-lay, reeling etc.
  • the invention is not limited to two riser pipes, but is further applicable to a larger plurality thereof.
  • Figure 17a shows a further development of the sixth embodiment of the invention, wherein four riser pipes (131 , 132, 133, 134) are disposed around a buoyancy unit (16).
  • the risers may be maintained in position by hang-off units (251 , 252, 253 and 254), and sleeves (261, 262, 263, 264) respectively. Furthermore, the risers can be retained in a desired configuration below the lower extremity of the buoyancy unit (16) by means of clamps (271 , 272, 273, 274), held in position by a spacer element (29).
  • Figures 17b and 17c show cross-sections through the lines AA and BB respectively and show in further detail the configuration of the elements shown in Figure 17a.
  • Figure 18a shows a combination of the embodiments of Figure 6 and Figure 17, in which a first riser is arranged concentrically with a buoyancy unit (16), such that the riser is surrounded by the buoyancy unit, while a further four risers (131 , 132, 133 and 134) are arranged around the outside of the buoyancy unit (16).
  • the external riser pipes (131 , 132, 133 and 134) may be maintained in position by hang-off elements (251, 252, 253 and 254) and sleeves (261 , 262, 263 and 264) as described in relation to Figure 17.
  • All five risers (13, 131 , 132, 133 and 134) can be retained in a desired configuration, for example one similar to that imposed by the arrangement of the risers through and around the buoyancy unit (16) respectively, by means of clamps (271 , 272, 273 and 274).
  • the central riser 13 may be replaced by a plurality of risers.
  • Figures 18b and 18c show cross-sections through the lines AA and BB respectively and show in further detail the configuration of the elements shown in Figure 18a.
  • Figures 19a to 19e show a method of installing a riser according to any one of the preceding embodiments.
  • Figure 19a shows a first step in this method of installing the riser, in which the rigid riser section 13 which may be typically in the order of seven kilometres long, and the buoyancy section 16 are constructed on land. The rigid riser section and the buoyancy section 16 are then towed out to sea by a tug 42 using a tether 44, according to a procedure sometimes known as a "bundle tow".
  • Figure 19b shows a second step in the method of installing the riser.
  • the rigid riser section 13 and buoyancy unit 16 are towed out to sea by at least one tug 42 and tether 44, and optionally a second tug 43 and tether 45.
  • the buoyancy unit 16 is preferably partially flooded, such that the riser as a whole has substantially neutral buoyancy.
  • this is realised according to the buoyancy unit of Figure 12 of the present invention, whereby annular spaces 21a and 21 b are flooded with water, and the rigid riser 13 is pre-pressurised with nitrogen gas.
  • Figure 19c shows a third step of the method of installing the riser.
  • FIG 19d shows a fourth step in the method of installing the riser according to the present invention.
  • the water flooding the ring- shaped spaces 21a and 21b is expelled by opening the valves 22a and 22b, such that the average density of the buoyancy section 16 decreases, and a buoyancy force is exerted on the buoyancy section 16 towards the surface of the sea.
  • a tether 44' which may or may not be the same tether as used to tow the riser into position, the buoyancy section is allowed to rise towards the surface of the sea, causing the rigid riser 13 to bend upwards to form a catenary configuration.
  • Figure 19e shows a fifth and final step in the method of installing the riser.
  • a tether 17 is attached to a surface vessel or installation vessel 3, and flexible riser pipes 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d, etc. are attached between said surface vessel 3 and the upper end of the rigid riser 13, as discussed above with reference to Figure 9.
  • step d where the buoyancy section is allowed to rise towards the surface of the sea, causing the rigid riser 13 to bend upwards to form a catenary configuration, may in fact take place before the end of the rigid riser 13 furthest from the buoyancy unit 16 is connected to the wellhead 41.
  • the riser structure using conventional methods whilst at sea such as J-lay, reeling etc.
  • pipe sections to the riser one by one as the pipe is deployed from a surface vessel.
  • reeling it may be appropriate to land the buoyancy tank 16 on the seabed and start reeling from there.
  • successive lengths of rigid pipe section in the sea each length being connected endwise to the length of pipe section below it.
  • a lower end of a further length of rigid pipe section having a buoyancy section comprising an elongate buoyancy unit extending lengthwise of said further length of rigid pipe section is connected to an upper end of the length of rigid pipe section immediately below it, to form the rigid pipe.
  • a flexible pipe is connected to an upper end of the rigid pipe, after which the flexible pipe is lowered, until the rigid pipe hangs suspended in the water from its upper end.
  • the buoyancy unit is allowed to sink and a lower end of the rigid pipe is connected to a wellhead.
  • the position of the floating vessel is adjusted such that the rigid pipe assumes the configuration of a catenary in the seawater.
  • Figures 20a to 20e show a further method of installing a riser according to any proceeding embodiment.
  • FIG 20a shows a first step in this method of installing the riser, in which the buoyancy section 16 is constructed on land.
  • the buoyancy section 16 Is transported to the installation site on a vessels deck or on cantilever beams outside ship-side or is alternatively towed out to sea by a tug 42 using a tether 44, according to a procedure similar to that sometimes known as bundle tow.
  • Figure 20b shows a second step in the method of installing the riser.
  • the buoyancy unit 16 is towed out to sea by at least one tug 42 to tether 44, and optionally a second tug 43 and tether 45.
  • the buoyancy unit 16 is preferably partially flooded, so as to have substantially neutral buoyancy. Preferably, this is realised according to buoyancy unit of figure 12 of the present invention, whereby annular spaces 21a and 21b are flooded with water.
  • Figure 20c shows a third step in the method of installing the riser. Once the buoyancy tank 16 has been towed to the vicinity of the well 41 , the buoyancy tank is allowed to sink to or land on the seabed possibly by partially flooding the buoyancy tank such that is buoyancy decreases. According to one realisation of this method, one end of the upper, flexible pipe 10 may be connected to the buoyancy tank 16 prior to allowing the buoyancy unit to sink to the sea floor, so that the connection operation can be performed in relatively shallow water.
  • Figure 20d shows a fourth step in the method of installing the riser according to this embodiment of the present invention.
  • a cable connected between the buoyancy unit 16, which is eventually to be connected to the lower rigid riser 13 is connected to an installation surface vessel 31 or another surface vessel.
  • a installation surface vessel 31 then proceeds to lower rigid pipe according to a known method, for example J-lay, S-lay or reeling.
  • the rigid pipe 13 is lowered so as to eventually connect to the end of the buoyancy stein therefor.
  • the tether 45, or other tether connecting a surface vessel with the end of the buoyancy unit 16 intended for connection to the rigid riser may be used to guide the end of the rigid pipe 13, so as to correctly come into contact with the end of the buoyancy unit intended therefor.
  • Figure 20e shows a fifth step in the method of installing the riser according to this embodiment of the invention.
  • the lower extremity of the rigid pipe 13 has come into connection with the end of the buoyancy unit 16 to which it is to be connected.
  • the connection between these two elements is then made, for example by means of clamps, which may be controlled for example by remote control from the surface.
  • clamps which may be controlled for example by remote control from the surface.
  • the tether 45 or other tether connecting the end of the buoyancy unit 16 intended to be connected to the rigid pipe, and a surface vessel can also be used at this stage for insuring the proper relative position of the buoyancy unit 16 and the rigid pipe 13, for the correct functioning of the clamps.
  • the buoyancy of the buoyancy unit 16 can be increased, for example by evacuating sea water from the flooded tanks 21a and 21b, so that the buoyancy unit 16 floats towards the sea surface, as described with reference to figures 19d and 19e above.
  • the upper, flexible pipe 10 may now be deployed in any conventional method, and connected to the upper end of the buoyancy unit 16 as described above. This process may be assisted by using the tether 44 as a guide.
  • the step where the buoyancy section is allowed to rise toward the surface of the sea, causing the rigid riser to bend upwards to form a catenary configuration may in fact take place before the end of the rigid riser 13 furthest from the buoyancy unit 16 is connected to the well head 41 or to another pipeline termination point.
  • the entire riser structure comprising at least one flexible pipe 10, at least one corresponding rigid pipe 13 connected thereto as described above and the buoyancy unit 16 disposed along and the lengthways of the rigid pipe nearest said flexible pipe on land, before towing the whole structure out to be installed at sea.
  • the buoyancy unit 16 preferably has a length equal to at least twice its diameter. More preferably, the buoyancy unit 16 has a length equal to at least thirty times its diameter. Yet more preferably, the buoyancy unit 16 has a length equal to at least 100 times its diameter.
  • the towed part may be towed using any conventional towing method.
  • any conventional towing method For example,
  • Figure 21 shows the use of a first controlled depth towing method.
  • a plurality of chains 301 is attached to the pipe 13,16 being towed.
  • the pipe is preferably weighted, possibly by being partially flooded, so as to have slightly positive buoyancy on its own, and slightly negative buoyancy when weighted down by the chains.
  • the chains 301 have two effects. Firstly, whilst the pipe is in motion, the chains generate lift, which, when the movement of the pipe through the water exceeds a given velocity, leads to the pipe "flying" in the water. When the tow rate decreases, the pipe sinks gently back towards the sea floor 2. When this occurs, the hanging chains come into contact with the sea floor before the body of the pipe 13 itself.
  • the part of the chain touching the sea floor no longer contributes to the overall weight of the apparatus, so that the pipe ceases to sing as equilibrium is reached between the positive buoyancy of the pipe, and the weight of the chains, so that the pipe remains suspended at a given height above the sea bed.
  • Figure 22 shows the use of a second controlled depth towing method.
  • the lift is provided by aqua foils 302.
  • the pipe is weighted, possibly by being partially flooded, so as to have slightly negative buoyancy on its own, which is counteracted by the lift generated by the aquafoils 302 as the apparatus moves through the water.
  • the attitude of the pipe in the water can be controlled. It is further possible to dispose of one or even both of the tugs 42 and 43, by fitting the riser with thrusters at one or both ends of the pipe. In the case of the riser not being connected to a tug at all, it can be provided with control means allowing it to proceed to the installation point under its own power.
  • Figure 23 shows the use of a third towing method.
  • the pipe is simply dragged along the sea floor.
  • the pipe is preferably provided with a sleigh or runners 303 to as to reduce the drag of the pipe along the sea floor, and to protect the pipe from wear.
  • each riser 300 is provided with its own foam (e.g. "PU foam") buoyancy material 306.
  • the core is not a service conduit, but a structural member for interconnecting the seabed foundation, to which the risers are to be connected, and a subsea flotation device which is used to tension the risers vertically
  • the core 302 is designed in the manner illustrated in Figure 26.
  • the core 302 is shown in four different stages of its operation when installed in a nominally vertical attitude below sea (though it may assume a tilted attitude in certain applications).
  • the core is divided into a number of individual sections or compartments 310-315 and bridging each adjacent pair of compartments is a tube 320-325.
  • a valve 330-335 near the bottom of each compartment.
  • the liquid medium may be seawater, fresh water, a gel or even a glass-sphere mix. Corrosion inhibitors may also be introduced, where appropriate.
  • the next step is to introduce a gas at high pressure into the bottom end of the core, following which the bottom valve 335 is opened. Since the pressure of the gas is higher than that of the surrounding seawater, the liquid medium is forced out of the bottom compartment into the sea via the bottom valve 335.
  • the liquid level in the bottom compartment 315 drops until it reaches to just below the lower open end of the bottom tube 325, upon which the gas enters the tube and passes into compartment 314. At this point the liquid in compartment 314 starts to exit from the valve 334. The liquid level in compartment 314 drops until it eventually reaches the lower open end of tube 324, upon which the gas passes along this tube and into compartment 313, and so on. Once the top compartment has been filled with gas the gas supply is removed. When the liquid medium in any compartment has reached its minimum level, the valve associated with that compartment is closed. The pressure of the gas in that compartment has the same value as that of the surrounding water at that particular depth and therefore the pressure in each gas-filled compartment counterbalances the hydrostatic pressure of the water at the relevant depth.
  • the core need not be designed to withstand the maximum surrounding hydrostatic pressure, but a lesser value of pressure resistance can be tolerated, thereby saving costs in core materials.
  • the core can be designed for typically less than 20% of the fully hydrostatic pressure.
  • the cost reduction can take the form of a reduction in the thickness of the core wall and/or a downgrading of the core material.
  • the arrangement is first fabricated on shore and then towed to the operating field in a horizontal attitude by means of tugs.
  • the riser arrangement is up-ended and connected to the seabed foundation, after which flexible jumpers are attached to the upper ends of the risers 300.
  • Figure 26 shows the use of six risers in the bundle, more or less than six may be included, depending on requirements. Also, it is not a requirement that the risers, however many are used, be equidistantly spaced from each other or from the core. Indeed, the riser pipes may be spaced apart in a line with the "core” (i.e. "further pipe”), with the further pipe situated either adjacent one of the riser pipes on the same line or displaced from the line. In this case, of course, the further pipe cannot strictly speaking be called a "core".
  • core i.e. "further pipe
  • the riser arrangement shown in Figures 24-25 can be employed as part of the riser described earlier and as illustrated in, for example, Figure 18.
  • the service pipes would represent the risers 131-134 and the further pipe (core pipe) would represent the riser 13.
  • the buoyancy material 16 could be dispensed with or employed in reduced form.
  • the riser 13 could be dispensed with and the buoyancy element 16 realised as a cascade core as shown in Figure 26.
  • the gas supply can be simply shut off at that point so that no further compartments are vented. Again, the valves associated with those further compartments can remain open.
  • valves In practice, however, it is preferred for the valves to be closed after the venting of their respective compartments. This is because, where the valves remain open, any appreciable vertical movement of the core could cause a transfer of fluid into/ out of the compartments from/to the surrounding environment due to the finite pressure differences created by such movement, and this is considered to be undesirable.
  • the reduction in core wall-thickness which this invention allows can result in increased buoyancy solely by virtue of a decrease in weight in the core.
  • buoyancy can also be enhanced by converting some of reduction in wall thickness to an increase in core diameter, which creates a higher internal core volume and hence an increase in buoyancy when gas is introduced.
  • the advantage of this is that the individual supplementary foam material 306 provided for each service riser can be even further reduced in volume or even dispensed with altogether. The same applies to any foam that would normally be used to surround the core.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un tube goulotte hybride comportant une partie inférieure (6) et une partie supérieure (10), la partie supérieure comprenant un conduit souple, et la partie inférieure comprenant un conduit sensiblement rigide, en communication avec le conduit souple, ledit tube goulotte comprenant également une partie de flottabilité (16) située au niveau de l'extrémité supérieure du conduit rigide (13), ou à proximité de l'extrémité supérieure du conduit rigide (13). Cette partie de flottabilité (16) comprend également un élément de flottabilité cylindrique allongé, pouvant être de construction tubulaire, compartimentalisée et coaxiale, comportant des vannes de sorte qu'il peut être inondé ou purgé de manière commandable. Le tube goulotte peut être ancré à un récipient de surface, ou au fond marin ou océanique. Ledit tube goulotte peut être fabriqué sur la terre ferme, et peut être remorqué à proximité de l'installation sur laquelle il se raccorder.
PCT/EP2002/011382 2001-10-10 2002-10-10 Tube goulotte et procede d'installation de celui-ci WO2003031765A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

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US10/492,222 US20050063788A1 (en) 2001-10-10 2002-10-10 Riser and method of installing same
GB0408310A GB2400622B (en) 2001-10-10 2002-10-10 A riser and method of installing same
NO20041910A NO20041910L (no) 2001-10-10 2004-05-10 Fremgangsmate for installasjon av stigeror, samt stigeror

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GB0124305.4 2001-10-10
GB0124305A GB2380747B (en) 2001-10-10 2001-10-10 A riser and method of installing same
GB0209031.4 2002-04-19
GB0209031A GB2387635A (en) 2002-04-19 2002-04-19 A riser and method of installing same

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US7044228B2 (en) 2002-02-06 2006-05-16 Vetco Gray Inc. Flowline jumper for subsea well
WO2006136960A2 (fr) * 2005-06-18 2006-12-28 Acergy France Sa Tour de colonne montante hybride et procedes d'installation
WO2007043862A1 (fr) * 2005-10-07 2007-04-19 Heerema Marine Contractors Nederland B.V. Ensemble de pipeline comportant un dispositif d'ancrage
WO2007125276A1 (fr) * 2006-04-27 2007-11-08 Wellstream International Limited Ensemble de colonne montante
WO2007127684A2 (fr) * 2006-04-26 2007-11-08 Technip France Procédé de remorquage et d'installation pour pipelines et colonnes montantes en eaux profondes
WO2009063163A1 (fr) * 2007-11-16 2009-05-22 Wellstream International Limited Support pour tuyau flexible
US7713104B2 (en) 2004-10-11 2010-05-11 Acergy France, S.A. Apparatus and method for connection and disconnection of a marine riser
US7779916B2 (en) 2000-08-14 2010-08-24 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Apparatus for subsea intervention
WO2010094973A3 (fr) * 2009-02-20 2011-06-23 Mooring Systems Limited Système d'ancrage en eaux profondes et ultra-profondes
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US7779916B2 (en) 2000-08-14 2010-08-24 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Apparatus for subsea intervention
US7044228B2 (en) 2002-02-06 2006-05-16 Vetco Gray Inc. Flowline jumper for subsea well
WO2004033848A1 (fr) * 2002-10-10 2004-04-22 Rockwater Limited Tube prolongateur et son procede d'installation
US7713104B2 (en) 2004-10-11 2010-05-11 Acergy France, S.A. Apparatus and method for connection and disconnection of a marine riser
WO2006136960A2 (fr) * 2005-06-18 2006-12-28 Acergy France Sa Tour de colonne montante hybride et procedes d'installation
WO2006136960A3 (fr) * 2005-06-18 2007-03-08 Acergy France Sa Tour de colonne montante hybride et procedes d'installation
US8231308B2 (en) 2005-06-18 2012-07-31 Acergy France Sa Hybrid riser tower and method of installation thereof
GB2442395B (en) * 2005-06-18 2010-06-30 Acergy France Sa Hybrid riser tower and methods of installation thereof
GB2442395A (en) * 2005-06-18 2008-04-02 Acergy France Sa Hybrid riser tower and methods of installation thereof
AU2006300038B2 (en) * 2005-10-07 2012-10-11 Heerema Marine Contractors Nederland S.E. Pipeline assembly installation
US8123437B2 (en) 2005-10-07 2012-02-28 Heerema Marine Contractors Nederland B.V. Pipeline assembly comprising an anchoring device
WO2007043862A1 (fr) * 2005-10-07 2007-04-19 Heerema Marine Contractors Nederland B.V. Ensemble de pipeline comportant un dispositif d'ancrage
WO2007127684A3 (fr) * 2006-04-26 2008-01-10 Technip France Procédé de remorquage et d'installation pour pipelines et colonnes montantes en eaux profondes
WO2007127684A2 (fr) * 2006-04-26 2007-11-08 Technip France Procédé de remorquage et d'installation pour pipelines et colonnes montantes en eaux profondes
US7559721B2 (en) 2006-04-26 2009-07-14 Technip France Towing and installation method for deepwater pipelines and risers
US8702350B2 (en) 2006-04-27 2014-04-22 Wellstream International Limited Riser assembly
WO2007125276A1 (fr) * 2006-04-27 2007-11-08 Wellstream International Limited Ensemble de colonne montante
WO2009063163A1 (fr) * 2007-11-16 2009-05-22 Wellstream International Limited Support pour tuyau flexible
US9714727B2 (en) 2007-11-16 2017-07-25 Ge Oil & Gas Uk Limited Flexible pipe support
WO2010094973A3 (fr) * 2009-02-20 2011-06-23 Mooring Systems Limited Système d'ancrage en eaux profondes et ultra-profondes
GB2477780B (en) * 2010-02-12 2015-06-24 Subsea 7 Ltd Method of laying a hybrid pipeline offshore
GB2477780A (en) * 2010-02-12 2011-08-17 Subsea 7 Ltd Method of laying a hybrid pipeline offshore
EP2534400B1 (fr) * 2010-02-12 2018-01-10 Subsea 7 Limited Procédé de pose d'un pipeline hybride sur le fond marin
GB2501277A (en) * 2012-04-18 2013-10-23 Acergy France Sa Jumper arrangement for hybrid riser towers
GB2501277B (en) * 2012-04-18 2015-06-17 Acergy France SAS Jumper support arrangements for hybrid riser towers
US9482059B2 (en) 2012-04-18 2016-11-01 Acergy France SAS Jumper support arrangements for hybrid riser towers

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GB2400622B (en) 2005-11-09
NO20041910L (no) 2004-07-12
GB2400622A (en) 2004-10-20
GB0408310D0 (en) 2004-05-19
NO20041910D0 (no) 2004-05-10

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