WO1997018960A1

WO1997018960A1 - Tire

Info

Publication number: WO1997018960A1
Application number: PCT/JP1996/003387
Authority: WO
Inventors: Tomoyuki Hirabayashi
Original assignee: Tomoyuki Hirabayashi
Priority date: 1995-11-21
Filing date: 1996-11-19
Publication date: 1997-05-29
Also published as: AU7588596A

Abstract

A tire having a large gripping force even when a vehicle travels on a slippery road surface on which a water film is formed. A tire (10) is characterized in that fiber layer chips (22) having water swelling property are set in the interior of sipings (26) formed in each block, by forcibly opening the sipings (26). In this fiber layer chip-carrying tire, the fiber layer chips absorb the water on a road surface and project from a ground contacting surface of a tread thereof even when the road surface is a water film-carrying frozen road surface. The projected fiber layer chips then slip into the frozen road surface beneath the water film, and ice columns are formed in the fiber network constituting the fiber layer chips. Accordingly, the tire displays a large gripping force.

Description

Description Title of Invention

Tire Technical field

The present invention relates to a tire

Conventionally, when traveling on snow-covered roads, snow-covered roads or ice-burn roads, slippage has been prevented by using a spike tire.

However, in spike tires, metal spike pins embedded in the tire's treads scrape off the road surface, and the shaved dust has a negative effect on the human body. However, enormous costs were required for repairing the shaved road surface, and this became a major social problem. For this reason, spike tires were banned from use in 1991, and after that, studded tires appeared.

The statue tire is a tire that increases the flexibility of the tread as compared to a normal tire and increases gripper by providing a sipe. The generation of the grip force of the studless tire will be described below.

First, a trough pattern groove that contacts the road surface grabs the snow while collecting it. In addition, the shrinking movement of the tread pattern groove caused by the load to shrink due to the load, and the snow caught in the tread pattern groove by the tread deflection caused by the load To form a snow column between the tread pattern and the road surface. The frictional force due to the shearing caused by the tires tearing apart from the snow-covered road surface or the snow-covered road surface due to the tire repeatedly repeating fine slips causes the tire and the road surface to lose their friction. Occurs during In addition, it has good followability to the unevenness of the snow on the road surface, and it has a flexible tread, block corner, or corner of the sipe, and bites into the snow on the road surface. The corner of the block の The corner of the sieve creates a digging-up frictional force between the tire and the road surface caused by repeated fine slips that cause the snow to escape backwards. .

In addition, when the trad is subjected to the frictional force due to such shearing and the frictional force due to excavation, the trad is stretched in the direction of the frictional force, and energy is stored. . When this deformation returns, the friction between one molecule and another molecule consumes some energy as heat inside, and the frictional force due to the elastic hysteresis loss Occurs.

Since the gripper of the stud restorer is the sum of the three frictional forces, an excellent gripping force is generated on a snow-covered road surface, a snow-covered road surface, or an ice burn. Technical issues

However, the studless tire has a normal running speed of 40 km / h because gripper is generated by repeating fine slips and causing friction with the road surface. k rr! When the vehicle travels at a distance of up to 50 km and the number of fine slips increases, the friction between the tread pattern ground surface and the road surface increases, and the snow-covered road surface or eye Generates a water film on the sburn. In particular, the mirror surface is polished to the extent that the unevenness on the ice vane disappears due to the formation of a water film on the ice vane due to the friction caused by the studless tire. The road surface where the temperature is high and the surface of the ice harness is melted is the ツオオオ.

When traveling on a slippery road surface such as a mirror burn or a jet-on-ice with a stud restor, the water film on the road surface disturbs the tread and blower. The grip of the corners or the corners of the sieves cannot penetrate into the underwater fins, so there is no grip. I'll tell you. When the grip force disappears, the drive wheels slip suddenly, the car body spins due to the flow, and when cornering, it slides sideways. If the car does not work, or if the brake is applied, the car will not be able to control, for example, the car will not change its direction even if the mouth is immediately turned off and the steering is turned off. The conventional method for dealing with slippery road surfaces such as a mirror burn or a pet-on-ice, as described above, is to treat the water film as a major enemy of the grip, Improve the water film that is generated instantaneously or the water film that is generated by melting the surface by mixing air bubbles in the tread pattern, sipes, and compounds, or adopt water-repellent rubber In some cases, water was removed by water removal, water absorption, or flapping, causing the tread to adhere to the road surface.

However, the compound, which is mainly composed of rubber, oil, and rubber, is not compatible with ice burns under the water film. At the same time that the ground contacted the ground, the surface of the ice burnt that had come into contact with the tread melted out again, creating a vicious cycle in which a water film was formed.

For these reasons, the water film is treated as a major enemy of the grip, and new technologies are applied to the components themselves, which are not compatible with ice burn. The stand-alone tire, which has been conducting research and technological development based on this conventional idea, has not been able to exert a grip force that exceeds the spike tire.

The limit of the coefficient of friction between the tire and the road surface, at which the studless tire can exert the gripping force, is 0.15. However, since the coefficient of friction between the tire and the miller burn is only from 0.33 to 0.08, it is not possible to exert gripper on the mirror burner. It was impossible with the idea.

As described above, the inventor has found that a water film that does not exert a grip force is a great enemy, and cannot adapt to the ice burn under the water film. 投入 It is not possible to get the grip of a state dresser by the method of introducing new technology into the compound itself and dealing with it. I realized it was reasonable.

Therefore, we switched to the idea of obtaining gripper by making the water film a strong ally by using the structure of the tread and the fiber layer chip. Therefore, a tire in which a water-swellable fiber layer chip is fixed in the groove of the tread, which makes it possible to obtain a much better grip easily and reasonably. did. Disclosure of the invention

Therefore, the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an excellent gripper even when traveling on a slippery road surface having a water film on the surface. If you provide a tire with

The present invention for achieving the above object is characterized in that a fiber layer chip having water swelling property is inserted into a groove in a tire of a tire and fixed.

In the above tire, the groove is deformed by the grounding of the tread, and the fiber layer chip that has absorbed water projects from the grounding surface of the tread. Is also good.

Further, the fiber layer chip may be mounted in a groove provided in the width direction of the tire.

Further, the fiber layer chip may be mounted in a groove provided along a circumferential direction of the tire,

Further, the fiber layer chip may be made of leather.

Further, the fiber layer chip may be formed by chemically bonding leather and a water-absorbing polymer.

In addition, the fiber layer chip is formed by alternately stacking leather, synthetic leather, woven or nonwoven fabric, and hydrophilic rubber containing a water-absorbing polymer. It may be vulcanized.

Further, the fiber layer chip may be fixed in the groove at a deep portion in the groove.

In addition, the fiber layer chip has a protrusion protruding laterally at a deeper side portion in the groove, and is disposed so as to be prevented from falling into the groove by the protrusion. Good. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a tire according to the present invention,

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the block showing the compressed state of the fiber layer chip. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the fiber layer chip made of leather.

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the fiber layer chip with protrusions attached to the sieve. Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a leather suitable for manufacturing the fiber layer chip with protrusions.

Fig. 6 is a perspective view of a leather with a metal plate attached to the core of the projection,

Figure 7 is a perspective view of a fiber layer chip in which a nonwoven fabric and a hydrophilic rubber are superimposed.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a tire and a road for explaining a tire dalipper according to the present invention. Example

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a tire equipped with a fiber layer chip.

In FIG. 1, a tire 10 equipped with an arrowhead chip is a state dresser 20 provided with a fiber layer chip 22. The arrowhead fiber chip 22 is attached inside the sipe 26 by pushing and expanding the sipe 26 formed in each of the blocks 24 on both sides. The back of the arrowhead tip 22 and the sipe 26 is glued. The fiber layer chip 22 has the same height as the tread surface. If about 140 pieces of such a weaving layer chip 22 are installed per tire, gripper can be sufficiently exerted when running on a mirror burner or the like. The fiber layer chip 22 may be attached not only to the blocks existing on both sides but also to a block existing in the center.

In addition, the fiber layer chip 22 is compressed together with the tread by a load applied to the tire at a portion in contact with the dry road surface. However, once away from the road surface, as shown in Fig. 2, the fiber layer chip 22 cannot immediately return to its original height, and is 1.2 mm to 1.2 mm from the tread of the tread. It is recessed by about 5 mm.

When the fiber layer chip 22 absorbs water, it swells and is extended to the tread surface by the contraction movement of the tread. And, at the part that is in contact with the road surface, it protrudes from the grounding surface of the tread by the amount of deflection of the tread due to the load.

In this way, on dry roads, the fiber layer chip does not protrude from the tread of the tread, so that a good ride quality can be realized.

FIG. 3 shows an example of a preferred implementation of the fiber chip.

In FIG. 3, the fiber layer chip 30 is obtained by bonding two leather cloth layers 30b and a fiber layer 3Ob together with an adhesive. Light tanned leather shall be tanned to have strength, resilience, softness, water resistance, elasticity, and good water absorption by a method such as chrome tanning. . The fiber layer 30 b is an aggregate of fibers that form a mesh by forming an infinite number of elongated fibers into a layer. Therefore, the fibers of the fiber layer chip 30 are provided. When water absorbs the water film, the fibrous layer tip 30 protrudes and can fit into the ice burn under the water film. The tip of the fiber layer is instantly caught in the ice burn. Grippka can be exerted by forming tightly icicles in the mesh of the mesh, in which the fibers are stuck tightly and stuck together.

In addition, as shown in Fig. 4, a protrusion is formed on the bottom side surface of the fiber layer chip 32. A part 32a may be provided. In order to attach the fiber layer chip 32 with the projection to the tread, first, the projection groove 3 3 for accommodating the projection 32 a into the tire of the tire. It is necessary to provide the mounting groove 33 in which a is formed.

As described above, when the fiber layer chip 32 with the projection is mounted in the mounting groove 33 provided on the tread, the fiber layer chip 32 is located in the projection 32 a and the back of the mounting groove 33. Since the protrusion groove 33a is fitted, it is possible to prevent the fiber layer chip 32 from coming off the tire.

Such a fiber chip with projections may be manufactured using a tanned leather as shown in FIG.

In the tanned leather 34, the fiber layer is cut off so that the central portion 34a is formed only of the skin or a portion formed to resemble the skin, and the width of the cut is the central portion 3a. It is formed slightly longer than twice the thickness d of the fiber layer 34b formed on both sides of 4a. Next, an adhesive is applied to the surface of the leather 34, and the fiber layers 34b are bonded to face each other. In addition, the central portion 34a is bonded to the bottom surfaces of the arrowhead layers 34b, 34b, which are bonded face to face. At this time, the central portion 34a protrudes in the width direction by a length slightly longer than the thickness d of the fiber layer 34b, and becomes a projection.

FIG. 6 shows an explanatory view when a metal plate 36 is attached to the center 34 a of the leather 34. The metal plate 36 is attached as a core of the projection, and can prevent the projection from being bent and falling off the tire.

Embodiments other than the above-described leather-made fiber layer chip as described above will be described below.

Figure 7 shows a fiber layer chip in which a nonwoven fabric and a hydrophilic rubber are overlaid.

The fibrous layer chip 37 is made by alternately laminating the nonwoven fabric 38 and the hydrophilic rubber 39 and vulcanizing it to remove the permeation of the hydrophilic rubber 39 into the nonwoven fabric 38. It is formed in a predetermined chip shape.

The hydrophilic rubber 39 contains a water-absorbing polymer and can instantaneously absorb water even from a slight water film on the road surface, so that the fiber layer chip 37 can be easily treated. It can protrude from the grounding surface of the nose. At this point, the fiber layer chip may be mounted on a tire other than the stud dresser. In particular, it is preferable to attach a fiber layer chip to a fuel-saving and low-noise tire as described below.

In order to reduce rolling resistance, fuel-efficient and low-noise tires have a narrow tire and a small ground contact area, and have a hardened tread to prevent deformation of the tire. Styrene butadiene rubber, which is modified so that even if the tread is hardened, the grease power is increased even if the tread is hard, the material used is reduced and the weight is reduced. This reduces fuel consumption.

In addition, in order to achieve low noise, fuel-efficient and low-noise tires have smaller tires to reduce the ground contact area, and have a smaller block. By shifting the grounding position of the work and cutting the block diagonally so that the block becomes a diamond shape, the pattern air bombling sound due to compressed air is reduced.

However, the more fuel-efficient and low-noise performance was improved, the more grip power was lost. As a result, the gripping force is insufficient with the compound reforming alone, making it slippery on poorly paved roads on rainy days, poor braking, and a lack of stepping force during cornering. It was a dangerous fuel-saving and low-noise tire that became weaker and caused skidding, and epoch-making progress and improvement with new raw materials were required.

Another problem with the fuel-efficient and low-noise tires described above is that the grip performance of the tire changes with the surface temperature of the tire, so the rain cools the tire. In this case, the grip becomes weaker due to the hardened tread. In addition, fuel-efficient low-noise tires are designed to remove the grounding surface to improve the performance of the tread by pushing water away from the pavement surface. Due to the shallow ditch that plays the role of a water channel, the drainage performance was low and the anti-hydroplaning performance was reduced.

In order to solve such problems, fuel-saving * If a low-noise tire is fitted with a fibre-layer chip in the sipe or mounting groove, the fiber-layer chip will be used on pavement roads that are flooded with rain. The chip absorbs the water film on the road surface and swells.At this time, the fiber layer chip is caused by a contraction motion in which the gap between the grooves is reduced by a load, and a deflection caused by a load. The rod is pushed out and protrudes from the tread of the tread.

Also, at this time, the side surface of the fiber layer chip swollen by absorbing water is compressed, and the fiber layer chip blows out the absorbed water to form a water film between the side wall and the sipe. . The water film formed between the side wall and the fiber layer chip acts as a lubricant when the fiber layer chip protrudes from the tread surface. The chip can protrude well from the tread surface.

In this way, the fiber layer tip protruding from the tread surface of the tread breaks down the water film that covers the pavement surface, and provides a much better gripping force because it touches the pavement surface. I do. For this reason, fuel-efficient * low-noise tires are much more secure, even on pavement surfaces that are flooded with rain. Also, the fiber layer chip rolls on a dry pavement surface while remaining recessed from the tire's tread surface by about 1.2 mm to 1.5 mm. Ground on the same plane as the compressed and bent tread. Also, the dried fiber layer chip has a negligible rolling resistance, a vibration absorption effect that absorbs noise and reduces load noise, and is extremely light. Therefore, even on dry pavement, fuel efficiency and performance of low noise tires are not reduced.

In addition, the position, number, or shape of the weave layer chip as described above, which is attached to the tire, is determined by the winter tire and fuel efficiency. ♦ Low noise tires All season tires, Various measures should be taken according to the performance and purpose of each tire, such as summer tires and industrial tires. It is good to do.

In addition, by adding various colors to the fiber layer chip and using it to identify the size and type of tires, it is easy to distinguish tires that are difficult to distinguish and to add glamor. can do.

In the embodiment of the weave layer chip described above, the mounting groove or the sipe is formed into a shape that can be mounted in a straight line. Besides, for example, the shape of the fiber layer chip such as a corrugated shape or an arc shape can be considered.

Furthermore, in order to prevent the fiber layer chip that has absorbed water from freezing even when the temperature drops to 0 or below, it is recommended that the leather be treated in advance with anti-freeze treatment, In some cases, it is not necessary to perform anti-freezing treatment as in the case of fuel saving '' for low noise tires.

Next, the grip force generated in the tire according to the present invention will be described.

As an example, a case where the vehicle runs on a mirror burn will be illustrated and described.

As described above, the mirror burn is caused by the friction caused by the studless tire, and the water film is formed on the ice burn and the polishing is performed so that the unevenness on the ice burn is eliminated. The road surface was cut.

In FIG. 8, the surface of the road 40 is an ice burn 42 polished by a studless layer so that the unevenness disappears, and the surface of the ice burn 42 is A water film 44 is formed due to friction of the tire and the like, and a part of the cross section of the block of the tire to which the fiber layer tip 22 is attached is indicated by reference numeral 24. As described above, the fiber layer chip 22 running on a dry road surface has a tip portion in the gap of the sieve 26 and does not protrude from the ground contact surface of the tread. However, when the fiber layer chip 22 absorbs the water film 44 on the road surface, the fiber layer chip 22 swells. At the same time, the contraction movement of the tread block in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 8 and the deflection of the block in the direction of the dotted arrow in FIG. 8 due to the load. The swollen fiber layer chip 2 2 It is extended and its tip protrudes from the tread of the tread. Further, when the side surface of the fiber layer chip 22 is compressed by the shrinking motion, the fiber layer chip 22 blows out the absorbed water to form a water film between the fiber layer chip 22 and the side wall. The water film formed between the side wall and the fiber layer chip 22 acts as a lubricant when the tip of the fiber layer chip 22 protrudes from the tread surface. As a result, the tip of the fiber layer chip 22 can be well protruded from the tread of the tread.

The fiber layer chip 22 protruding from the tread's ground contact surface penetrates into the ice burn 42 softened by the formation of the water film 44 and is compressed and stopped until it stops. At this time, when the fiber of the fiber layer chip 22 absorbs the water film 44, the fiber layer chip 22 protrudes and fits into the ice burn 42 below the water film 44. The tip of the fiber layer, which can be formed, instantaneously penetrates into the ice bane 42 and clings tightly, and a icicle is laid tightly in the mesh of a countless fiber layer. By forming it, it is possible to exert gripper.

Then, due to the resistance generated when this icicle is sheared from the ice van 42, the frictional force due to shearing similar to that of the snow column described above is applied to the tread. Occurs between the ground and ice burn 42.

In addition, the corners of the fiber layer chip 22 repeatedly slip finely, and the arrowhead fiber layer chip 22 digs up the ice that has melted and softened due to the contact of the threads. As a result, a resistance generated when the tire is discharged backward from the traveling direction of the tire causes a frictional force due to excavation to be generated between the ground contact surface of the tread and the ice van 42.

Further, when the frictional force due to the shearing and the frictional force due to the excavation are applied to the block, the block is stretched in the direction in which the frictional force is applied, and energy is stored. When the block returns, the block loses some energy due to friction between molecules inside and is consumed as heat, resulting in elastic hysteresis loss. Frictional force is generated between the tread of the tread and the ice burn 42. The frictional force generated by the tire equipped with the fiber layer chip is the sum of the above-mentioned frictional force due to shearing, frictional force due to excavation, and frictional force due to elastic hysteresis loss. The sum of the frictional forces of the tires becomes the Daripka of the tire with the fiber layer chip attached.

In this way, when traveling on a mirror burn, the gripper that produces a tire with a fiber chip is attached to the conventional studless tire. It did not occur when driving. For this reason, tires equipped with a fiber layer tip do not slip because they exhibit excellent gripper even on miller burns, which are slippery with conventional standlessers. You can travel to

ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to the tire which concerns on this invention, even when driving | running on slippery road surfaces, such as a mirror burn and a pet-on-ice, a fiber layer chip swells by absorbing water. However, due to the contraction movement and bending of the trend, it protrudes from the ground contact surface of the tread and penetrates into the ice burner under the water film, thereby exhibiting excellent gripper.

In addition, the fiber layer chip is capable of supplying a pollution-free winter tire without causing dust pollution due to its feature that it does not scrape off the paved road surface, which wears with the tread.

Also, according to test data from the Japan Automobile Tire Association, the conventional statue dresser has a braking distance of 44.3 m / m at 30 km / h at 30 km / h. 4 O km requires 78.7 m. However, the braking distance in the mirror burn of the tire according to the present invention is about 10 m at 40 km / h and about 16 m at 50 km / h. Exerts a remarkably superior braking force that cannot be compared.

Claims

Claims: In the groove in the tire tread,

A tire characterized in that a fiber layer chip having water swelling property is inserted and fixed. The groove is deformed by grounding of the tread, and the fiber layer tip that has absorbed water protrudes from the grounding surface of the tread. The indicated tire. The tire according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fiber layer chip is mounted in a groove provided along a width direction of the tire. 3. The tire according to claim 1, wherein the fiber layer chip is mounted in a groove provided along a circumferential direction of the tire. The tire according to claim 1, 23, or 4, wherein the fibrous layer chip is leather. The tire according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, wherein the textile layer chip is obtained by chemically bonding leather and a water-absorbing polymer. The fiber layer chip is characterized in that leather, synthetic leather, woven or non-woven fabric, and a hydrophilic rubber containing a water-absorbing polymer are alternately laminated and vulcanized. The tire according to claim 1, 2, 3, or 4, wherein

9. The fiber layer chip according to claim 1, wherein the fiber layer chip is fixed in the groove at a deep portion in the groove. Tire. The fiber layer chip has a protrusion protruding laterally formed at a deeper side portion in the groove, and is disposed so as to be prevented from falling into the groove by the protrusion. The tire according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7, wherein the tire is characterized in that: