WO1997016053A1 - Electroluminescent layer system - Google Patents
Electroluminescent layer system Download PDFInfo
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- WO1997016053A1 WO1997016053A1 PCT/DE1996/001872 DE9601872W WO9716053A1 WO 1997016053 A1 WO1997016053 A1 WO 1997016053A1 DE 9601872 W DE9601872 W DE 9601872W WO 9716053 A1 WO9716053 A1 WO 9716053A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- metal
- electroluminescent device
- electrode
- electroluminescent
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000219 Ethylene vinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000846 In alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018487 Ni—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHYLKGDXMUDNEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mg].[In] Chemical compound [Mg].[In] JHYLKGDXMUDNEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000180 alkyd Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- UFRKOOWSQGXVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;ethenol Chemical compound C=C.OC=C UFRKOOWSQGXVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004715 ethylene vinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 for example Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001795 light effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SJCKRGFTWFGHGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium silver Chemical compound [Mg].[Ag] SJCKRGFTWFGHGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/02—Details
- H05B33/04—Sealing arrangements, e.g. against humidity
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/84—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
- H10K50/844—Encapsulations
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/84—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
- H10K50/846—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations comprising getter material or desiccants
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electroluminescent layer system according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Electroluminescent layer systems are known. In these, either inorganic or organic substances are used, which can be excited by means of an electrical voltage to emit light beams.
- the light-emitting substances are arranged, for example, between planar electrodes, with a first electrode being a hole-injecting electrode (anode) and a second electrode being an electron-injecting electrode (cathode). If the light-emitting substance is formed from an organic material, the excitation can take place via a DC voltage source.
- the anode with the positive pole is the DC voltage source and the cathode connected to the minus pole of the DC voltage source.
- the covering layer which consists, for example, of pure metals, of codeposed metal composites or of codeposed composites that have metallic and organic components, has the disadvantage that, for example in the case of structured cathodes to produce certain light effects, the areas present between the cathodes are not protected with the cover layer.
- the electroluminescent device according to the invention with the features mentioned in claim 1 offers the advantage over the one hand that there is on the one hand an efficient protection which exists between the electrodes and the organic material and organic material itself against oxygen and water, and the electroluminescent Layer system can be made flexible overall. Because the encapsulation consists of a multilayer system, the layers of the multilayer system preferably being flexible and adapting to the geometry of the electroluminescent layer system, it is advantageously possible to create an overall flat electroluminescent layer system which is flexible in structure and one has extremely low permeation of oxygen and water.
- a first layer consisting of plastic is provided, which is covered by a second layer consisting of metal, a metal alloy or a metal oxide.
- a second layer consisting of metal, a metal alloy or a metal oxide is provided.
- the metal layer preferably consists of a metal, the one forms a stable passivation layer on the surface, so that there is also long-term stability of the electroluminescent layer system.
- an additional so-called getter layer is provided between the plastic layer and the metal layer. In this way it is very advantageously achieved that any residues which may occur can be bound to oxygen or water through the getter layer, so that these cannot contribute to a degradation of the organic material.
- the only figure shows an electroluminescent device, generally designated 10.
- the device 10 has an electroluminescent layer system 12, which consists of a light-emitting organic material 14, a first electrode 16 and a second electrode 18 is formed.
- the electrodes 16 and 18 and the organic material 14 are flat.
- the electrodes 16 and 18 are connected to a voltage source 20, for example a DC voltage source.
- the electrode 16 is connected to the positive pole of the voltage source 20 and the electrode 18 to the negative pole of the voltage source 20.
- the electrode 16 consists of a material with a high electron work function.
- the electrode 16 can, for example, consist of a metal or a metallic alloy or a metal oxide, for example indium tin oxide (ITO).
- ITO indium tin oxide
- the second electrode 18 consists of a material with a low electron work function, which for example is less than 4 eV.
- the electrode 18 consists of an electrically conductive material, for example a metal, a metal alloy or a metal oxide.
- the electrode 18 can be made of aluminum, indium, magnesium, calcium, a magnesium-silver alloy or a magnesium-indium alloy, for example.
- the light-emitting organic material 14 contains at least one organic compound which is capable of emitting light when the voltage is applied.
- the color of the emitted light is determined by the chemical structure of the organic substance used.
- suitable light-emitting organic materials 14 are polymers, low molecular weight organic compounds, monomers or molecularly doped polymers. Further layers (not shown here) can be arranged between the electrodes 16 and 18, which also serve to emit light or to transport charge carriers to the light-emitting organic material 14.
- the electroluminescent layer system 12 is applied to a carrier 22.
- Both the electrode 16 connected as the anode and the carrier 20 are optically transparent or semi-transparent, so that the light generated by the light-emitting organic material 14 can be emitted to the outside by the entire device 10.
- the electrodes 16 and 18 and the layers resulting in the organic material 14 are arranged partially overlapping on the carrier 22, so that the connection regions 24 and 26 of the electrodes 18 and 16 on the carrier 22 rest and are led out laterally from an encapsulation 28 to be explained.
- An insulator 30 is arranged between the electrodes 16 and 18, which can consist, for example, of aluminum oxide.
- the encapsulation 28 consists of a multilayer system 32 which has a first layer 34 made of a plastic and a second layer 36 made of a metal, a metal alloy or a metal oxide.
- the plastic layer 34 can consist, for example, of an acrylic resin, alkyd resin, epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, EVOH, polyester, PMMA or other polymers. This plastic layer is applied to the electroluminescent layer system 12, for example by spin coating, printing or extrusion. In addition, the electroluminescent layer system 12 can be immersed in a corresponding bath, so that the plastic layer 34 is dip-coated.
- the manner in which the plastic layer 34 is applied means that it adapts to the contour of the electroluminescent layer system 12 and thus surrounds and thus encloses it on all sides - with the exception of the connection regions 26 and 24.
- the plastic layer 34 is then thermally or radiation-induced hardened or cross-linked so that a stable but flexible hood results.
- a getter layer 38 is applied between the plastic layer 34 and the metal layer 36.
- the getter layer 38 consists of a material which has a binding effect on oxygen and water.
- the getter layer 38 consists, for example, of a metal which has a lower electron work function than the material of the electrode 18 connected as the cathode. If the electrode 18 consists of magnesium, for example, calcium, lithium or strontium can be used as the material for the getter layer 38.
- the second layer 36 is applied to the getter layer 38.
- the layer 36 is selected here in such a way that the getter layer 38 is completely enclosed, so that it has no contact with the outside.
- the second layer 36 consists, for example, of a metal, for example aluminum, copper, nickel, chromium, tin or tantalum, a metal alloy, for example nickel-chromium or a metal oxide, for example aluminum oxide or silicon oxide, or a nitride layer, for example aluminum nitride or Silicon nitride.
- the layer 36 can preferably be sputtered or evaporated onto the previously applied plastic layer 34 and the getter layer 36.
- a stable passivation of the entire device 10 is achieved by the layer 36, which forms the outer closure of the encapsulation 28, so that this is long-term stable against external influences.
- the multilayer system 32 thus has an extremely low permeation for oxygen and water.
- the multilayer system consists of at least two layers, namely the plastic layer 34 and the metallic cover layer 36 or, in the case of an additional arrangement of the getter layer 38, consists of three layers of thinly applied materials, the flexibility of the device 10 essentially does not increase impaired. It is thus possible, despite the arrangement of the encapsulation 28, to adapt the electroluminescent device to the corresponding applications after production, that is to say after the structure of the layer systems.
Abstract
The invention relates to an electroluminescent device with an electroluminescent layer system of a light-emitting organic material between two electrodes which can be connected to a d.c. source, in which the first electrode is hole-injecting (anode) and a second is electron-injecting (cathode), and a cladding. The cladding (28) consists of a multi-layer system (32).
Description
Elektrolumineszierendes SchichtsystemElectroluminescent layer system
Die Erfindung betrifft ein elektrolumineszierendes Schichtsystem nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to an electroluminescent layer system according to the preamble of claim 1.
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Elektrolumineszierende Schichtsysteme sind bekannt . Bei diesen werden entweder anorganische oder orga¬ nische Substanzen verwendet, die mittels einer elek¬ trischen Spannung zum Aussenden von Lichtstrahlen an¬ regbar sind. Die lichtemittierenden Substanzen sind hierbei beispielsweise zwischen flächenhaften Elek¬ troden angeordnet, wobei eine erste Elektrode als löcherinjizierende Elektrode (Anode) und eine zweite Elektrode als elektroneninjizierende Elektrode (Kathode) ausgebildet ist. Wird die lichtemittierende Substanz von einem organischen Material gebildet, kann die Anregung über eine Gleichspannungsquelle er¬ folgen. Hierbei ist die Anode mit dem Pluspol der
Gleichspannungsquelle und die Kathode mit dem Minus¬ pol der Gleichspannungsquelle verbunden.Electroluminescent layer systems are known. In these, either inorganic or organic substances are used, which can be excited by means of an electrical voltage to emit light beams. The light-emitting substances are arranged, for example, between planar electrodes, with a first electrode being a hole-injecting electrode (anode) and a second electrode being an electron-injecting electrode (cathode). If the light-emitting substance is formed from an organic material, the excitation can take place via a DC voltage source. Here, the anode with the positive pole is the DC voltage source and the cathode connected to the minus pole of the DC voltage source.
Da bekanntermaßen die Grenzflächen zwischen den Elek¬ troden und dem lichtemittierenden organischen Ma¬ terial beziehungsweise das organische Material selbst unter dem Einfluß von Sauerstoff und/oder Wasser de¬ gradieren, ist es notwendig, zur Langzeitstabilisie¬ rung des elektrolumineszierenden Schichtsystems einen entsprechenden Schutz vorzusehen.Since it is known that the interfaces between the electrodes and the light-emitting organic material or the organic material itself degrade under the influence of oxygen and / or water, it is necessary to provide appropriate protection for the long-term stabilization of the electroluminescent layer system.
Hierzu ist beispielsweise aus der EP 0 468 440 Bl be¬ kannt, die Kathode mit einer Abdeckschicht zu ver¬ sehen. Die Abdeckschicht, die beispielsweise aus rei¬ nen Metallen, aus codeponierten Metallkompositen oder aus codeponierten Kompositen, die metallische und or¬ ganischen Bestandteile aufweisen, besteht, hat den Nachteil, das beispielsweise bei strukturierten Kathoden zur Erzeugung bestimmter Lichteffekte, die zwischen den Kathoden vorhandenen Bereiche nicht mit der Abdeckschicht geschützt sind.For this purpose it is known, for example from EP 0 468 440 B1, to provide the cathode with a cover layer. The covering layer, which consists, for example, of pure metals, of codeposed metal composites or of codeposed composites that have metallic and organic components, has the disadvantage that, for example in the case of structured cathodes to produce certain light effects, the areas present between the cathodes are not protected with the cover layer.
Weiterhin ist aus Appl. Phys. Lett. 65 (1994) Seite 2922 - 2924 bekannt, die elektrolumineszierenden Schichtsysteme mittels einer Glasplatte zu kapseln, die beidseitig das elektrolumineszierende Schicht¬ system schützt und an den Kanten verklebt ist. Hier¬ bei ist nachteilig, daß die Kapselung unter einem Inertgas durchgeführt werden muß, damit der Raum zwischen der Rückseite der Kathode und der Glasplatte frei von Sauerstoff und Wasserstoff ist . Weiterhin ist nachteilig, daß die Glasplatte nicht flexibel ist
und somit keine flexiblen elektrolumineszierenden Schichtsysteme herstellbar sind.Furthermore from Appl. Phys. Lett. 65 (1994) page 2922-2924 to encapsulate the electroluminescent layer systems by means of a glass plate which protects the electroluminescent layer system on both sides and is bonded to the edges. The disadvantage here is that the encapsulation must be carried out under an inert gas so that the space between the rear of the cathode and the glass plate is free of oxygen and hydrogen. Another disadvantage is that the glass plate is not flexible and thus no flexible electroluminescent layer systems can be produced.
Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention
Die erfindungsgemäße elektrolumineszierende Vorrich¬ tung mit den im Anspruch 1 genannten Merkmalen bietet demgegenüber den Vorteil, daß einerseits ein effi¬ zienter Schutz, der zwischen den Elektroden und dem organischen Material bestehenden Grenzschichten und des organischen Materials selbst gegen Sauerstoff und Wasser besteht, und das elektrolumineszierende Schichtsystem insgesamt flexibel hergestellt werden kann. Dadurch, daß die Kapselung aus einem Mehr¬ schichtsystem besteht, wobei die Schichten des Mehr¬ schichtsystems vorzugweise flexibel sind und sich der Geometrie des eletrolumineszierenden Schichtsystems anpassen, ist es vorteilhaft möglich, ein insgesamt flächiges elektrolumineszierendes Schichtsystem zu schaffen, das einen flexiblen Aufbau und eine äußerst geringe Permeation von Sauerstoff und Wasser auf¬ weist .The electroluminescent device according to the invention with the features mentioned in claim 1 offers the advantage over the one hand that there is on the one hand an efficient protection which exists between the electrodes and the organic material and organic material itself against oxygen and water, and the electroluminescent Layer system can be made flexible overall. Because the encapsulation consists of a multilayer system, the layers of the multilayer system preferably being flexible and adapting to the geometry of the electroluminescent layer system, it is advantageously possible to create an overall flat electroluminescent layer system which is flexible in structure and one has extremely low permeation of oxygen and water.
In bevorzugter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorge¬ sehen, daß eine erste aus Kunststoff bestehende Schicht vorgesehen ist, die von einer zweiten, aus Metall, einer Metallegierung oder einem Metalloxid bestehenden Schicht überdeckt ist . Hierdurch kann eine Kapselung sehr vorteilhaft durch die eine Kombination von Kunststoffschicht und Metall- oder Metalloxidschicht vorgenommen werden. Die Metall- schicht besteht bevorzugt aus einem Metall, das eine
stabile Passivierungsschicht an der Oberfläche aus¬ bildet, so daß auch eine Langzeitstabilität des elektrolumineszierenden Schichtsystems gegeben ist.In a preferred embodiment of the invention it is provided that a first layer consisting of plastic is provided, which is covered by a second layer consisting of metal, a metal alloy or a metal oxide. In this way, encapsulation can be carried out very advantageously by means of a combination of a plastic layer and a metal or metal oxide layer. The metal layer preferably consists of a metal, the one forms a stable passivation layer on the surface, so that there is also long-term stability of the electroluminescent layer system.
Weiterhin ist bevorzugt, wenn zwischen der Kunst- Stoffschicht und der Metallschicht eine zusätzliche sogenannte Getterschicht vorgesehen ist . Hierdurch wird sehr vorteilhaft erreicht, daß durch die Getter¬ schicht eventuell auftretende Reste an Sauerstoff oder Wasser gebunden werden können, so daß diese nicht zu einer Degradierung des organischen Materials beitragen können.It is further preferred if an additional so-called getter layer is provided between the plastic layer and the metal layer. In this way it is very advantageously achieved that any residues which may occur can be bound to oxygen or water through the getter layer, so that these cannot contribute to a degradation of the organic material.
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den übrigen, in den Unteransprüchen genannten Merkmalen.Further advantageous embodiments of the invention result from the other features mentioned in the subclaims.
Zeichnungdrawing
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend in einem Ausführungs- beispiel anhand der zugehörigen Zeichnung, die sche¬ matisch eine Schnittdarstellung durch ein elektro¬ lumineszierendes Schichtsystem zeigt, näher erläu¬ tert.The invention is explained in more detail below in an exemplary embodiment with reference to the associated drawing, which schematically shows a sectional illustration through an electroluminescent layer system.
Beschreibung des AusführungsbeispielsDescription of the embodiment
Die einzigste Figur zeigt eine allgemein mit 10 be¬ zeichnete elektrolumineszierende Vorrichtung. Die Vorrichtung 10 weist ein elektrolumineszierendes Schichtsystem 12 auf, das von einem lichtemittieren¬ den organischen Material 14, einer ersten Elektrode
16 und einer zweiten Elektrode 18 gebildet wird. Die Elektroden 16 und 18 sowie das organische Material 14 sind flächenhaft ausgebildet. Die Elektroden 16 und 18 sind mit einer Spannungsquelle 20, beispielsweise einer Gleichspannungsquelle, verbunden. Die Elektrode 16 ist hierbei mit dem Pluspol der Spannungsquelle 20 und die Elektrode 18 mit dem Minuspol der Spannungs- quelle 20 verbunden.The only figure shows an electroluminescent device, generally designated 10. The device 10 has an electroluminescent layer system 12, which consists of a light-emitting organic material 14, a first electrode 16 and a second electrode 18 is formed. The electrodes 16 and 18 and the organic material 14 are flat. The electrodes 16 and 18 are connected to a voltage source 20, for example a DC voltage source. The electrode 16 is connected to the positive pole of the voltage source 20 and the electrode 18 to the negative pole of the voltage source 20.
Die Elektrode 16 besteht aus einem Material mit hoher Elektronenaustrittsarbeit. Die Elektrode 16 kann bei¬ spielsweise aus einem Metall oder einer metallischen Legierung oder einem Metalloxid, beispielsweise Indium-Zinnoxid (ITO) , bestehen. Durch Verbinden der Elektrode 16 mit dem Pluspol der Spannungsquelle 20 ist diese als Anode geschaltet, wobei auf Grund der hohen Elektronenaustrittsarbeit, die beispielsweise größer als 4 eV ist, diese Löcher injiziert, die als Ladungsträger in das organische Material 14 trans¬ portiert werden.The electrode 16 consists of a material with a high electron work function. The electrode 16 can, for example, consist of a metal or a metallic alloy or a metal oxide, for example indium tin oxide (ITO). By connecting the electrode 16 to the positive pole of the voltage source 20, the latter is connected as an anode, and due to the high electron work function, which is, for example, greater than 4 eV, these holes are injected and are transported as charge carriers into the organic material 14.
Die zweite Elektrode 18 besteht aus einem Material mit niedriger Elektronenaustrittsarbeit, die bei¬ spielsweise kleiner als 4 eV ist. Die Elektrode 18 besteht aus einem elektrisch leitfähigen Material, beispielsweise aus einem Metall, einer Metall¬ legierung oder einem Metalloxid. Die Elektrode 18 kann beispielsweise aus Aluminium, Indium, Magnesium, Kalzium, einer Magnesium-Silber-Legierung oder einer Magnesium-Indium-Legierung bestehen. Durch das Ver¬ binden der Elektrode 18 mit dem Minuspol der Span¬ nungsquelle 20 und gleichzeitigem Verbinden der
Elektrode 16 mit dem Pluspol der SpannungsqueIle, wirkt diese als Kathode und injiziert Elektronen in das lichtemittierende organische Material 14. Hier¬ durch kommt es in dem lichtemittierenden Material 14 zu einem Stromfluß zwischen den Elektroden 16 und 18, so daß die organischen Substanzen in dem Material 14 zum Erzeugen von Lichtquanten angeregt werden. Das elektrolumineszierende Schichtsystem 12 kann somit als Leuchtquelle verwendet werden.The second electrode 18 consists of a material with a low electron work function, which for example is less than 4 eV. The electrode 18 consists of an electrically conductive material, for example a metal, a metal alloy or a metal oxide. The electrode 18 can be made of aluminum, indium, magnesium, calcium, a magnesium-silver alloy or a magnesium-indium alloy, for example. By connecting the electrode 18 to the negative pole of the voltage source 20 and simultaneously connecting the Electrode 16 with the positive pole of the voltage source, acts as a cathode and injects electrons into the light-emitting organic material 14. This causes a current to flow in the light-emitting material 14 between the electrodes 16 and 18, so that the organic substances in the material 14 can be excited to generate light quanta. The electroluminescent layer system 12 can thus be used as a light source.
Das verwendete lichtemittierende organische Material 14 enthält hierzu mindestens eine organische Ver¬ bindung, die unter Anlegen der Spannung in der Lage ist, Licht zu emittieren. Die Farbe des emittierten Lichtes wird hierbei durch die chemische Struktur der verwendeten organischen Substanz bestimmt. Als licht- emittierende organische Materialien 14 kommen bei¬ spielsweise Polymere, niedermolekulare organische Verbindungen, Monomere oder molekulardotierte Poly¬ mere in Betracht. Zwischen den Elektroden 16 und 18 können weitere - hier nicht dargestellte - Schichten angeordnet sein, die ebenfalls zur Lichtemission oder zu einem Ladungsträgertransport zu dem lichtemit¬ tierenden organischen Material 14 dienen.For this purpose, the light-emitting organic material 14 contains at least one organic compound which is capable of emitting light when the voltage is applied. The color of the emitted light is determined by the chemical structure of the organic substance used. Examples of suitable light-emitting organic materials 14 are polymers, low molecular weight organic compounds, monomers or molecularly doped polymers. Further layers (not shown here) can be arranged between the electrodes 16 and 18, which also serve to emit light or to transport charge carriers to the light-emitting organic material 14.
Das elektrolumineszierende Schichtsystem 12 ist auf einen Träger 22 aufgebracht. Sowohl die als Anode geschaltete Elektrode 16 als auch der Träger 20 sind hierbei optisch transparent oder semitransparent, so daß das von dem lichtemittierenden organischen Ma¬ terial 14 erzeugte Licht von der gesamten Vorrichtung 10 nach außen abgestrahlt werden kann.
Wie der Darstellung in der Figur zu entnehmen ist, sind die Elektroden 16 und 18 sowie die das orga¬ nische Material 14 ergebenden Schichten teilweise überlappend auf dem Träger 22 angeordnet, so daß die Anschlußbereiche 24 beziehungsweise 26 der Elektroden 18 beziehungsweise 16 auf dem Träger 22 aufliegen und seitlich aus einer noch zu erläuternden Kapselung 28 herausgeführt sind. Zwischen den Elektroden 16 und 18 ist hierbei ein Isolator 30 angeordnet, der bei¬ spielsweise aus Aluminiumoxid bestehen kann.The electroluminescent layer system 12 is applied to a carrier 22. Both the electrode 16 connected as the anode and the carrier 20 are optically transparent or semi-transparent, so that the light generated by the light-emitting organic material 14 can be emitted to the outside by the entire device 10. As can be seen from the illustration in the figure, the electrodes 16 and 18 and the layers resulting in the organic material 14 are arranged partially overlapping on the carrier 22, so that the connection regions 24 and 26 of the electrodes 18 and 16 on the carrier 22 rest and are led out laterally from an encapsulation 28 to be explained. An insulator 30 is arranged between the electrodes 16 and 18, which can consist, for example, of aluminum oxide.
Die Kapselung 28 besteht aus einem Mehrschichtsystem 32, das eine erste Schicht 34 aus einem Kunststoff und eine zweite Schicht 36 aus einem Metall, einer Metallegierung oder einem Metalloxid aufweist. Die Kunststoffschicht 34 kann beispielsweise aus einem Acrylharz, Alkydharz, Epoxidharz, Polyurethanharz, EVOH, Polyester, PMMA oder anderen Polymeren beste¬ hen. Diese Kunststoffschicht wird auf das elektro¬ lumineszierende Schichtsystem 12 beispielsweise durch Aufschleudern, Aufdrucken oder Aufextrudieren aufge¬ bracht . Darüber hinaus kann das elektrolumineszieren¬ de Schichtsystem 12 in ein entsprechendes Bad ein¬ getaucht werden, so daß eine Tauchbeschichtung mit der Kunststoffschicht 34 erfolgt. Durch die Art des Aufbringens der Kunststoffschicht 34 ergibt sich, daß sich diese der Kontur des elektrolumineszierenden Schichtsystems 12 anpaßt und dieses somit allseitig - mit Ausnahme der Anschlußbereiche 26 und 24 - umgibt und somit einschließt. Die Kunststoffschicht 34 wird anschließend thermisch oder strahlungsindiziert aus-
gehärtet beziehungsweise vernetzt, so daß sich eine stabile, jedoch flexible Haube ergibt.The encapsulation 28 consists of a multilayer system 32 which has a first layer 34 made of a plastic and a second layer 36 made of a metal, a metal alloy or a metal oxide. The plastic layer 34 can consist, for example, of an acrylic resin, alkyd resin, epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, EVOH, polyester, PMMA or other polymers. This plastic layer is applied to the electroluminescent layer system 12, for example by spin coating, printing or extrusion. In addition, the electroluminescent layer system 12 can be immersed in a corresponding bath, so that the plastic layer 34 is dip-coated. The manner in which the plastic layer 34 is applied means that it adapts to the contour of the electroluminescent layer system 12 and thus surrounds and thus encloses it on all sides - with the exception of the connection regions 26 and 24. The plastic layer 34 is then thermally or radiation-induced hardened or cross-linked so that a stable but flexible hood results.
Zwischen der Kunststoffschicht 34 und der Metall¬ schicht 36 ist eine Getterschicht 38 aufgebracht. Die Getterschicht 38 besteht aus einem Material, das für Sauerstoff und Wasser eine bindende Wirkung ent¬ faltet. Die Getterschicht 38 besteht beispielsweise aus einem Metall, das eine niedrigere Elektronen¬ austrittsarbeit als das Material der als Kathode ge¬ schalteten Elektrode 18 aufweist. Besteht die Elek¬ trode 18 beispielsweise aus Magnesium, kann als Ma¬ terial für die Getterschicht 38 beispielsweise Kalzium, Lithium oder Strontium eingesetzt werden.A getter layer 38 is applied between the plastic layer 34 and the metal layer 36. The getter layer 38 consists of a material which has a binding effect on oxygen and water. The getter layer 38 consists, for example, of a metal which has a lower electron work function than the material of the electrode 18 connected as the cathode. If the electrode 18 consists of magnesium, for example, calcium, lithium or strontium can be used as the material for the getter layer 38.
Auf die Getterschicht 38 wird die zweite Schicht 36 aufgebracht. Die Schicht 36 ist hier so ausgewählt, daß die Getterschicht 38 vollkommen umschlossen wird, so daß diese keinerlei Kontakt nach außen aufweist. Die zweite Schicht 36 besteht beispielsweise aus einem Metall, zum Beispiel Aluminium, Kupfer, Nickel, Chrom, Zinn oder Tantal, einer Metallegierung, zum Beispiel Nickel - Chrom oder einem Metalloxid, zum Beispiel Aluminiumoxid oder Siliciumoxid, oder einer Nitridschicht, zum Beispiel Aluminiumnitrid oder Siliciumnitrid. Die Schicht 36 kann vorzugsweise auf die zuvor aufgebrachte Kunststoffschicht 34 und die Getterschicht 36 aufgesputtert oder aufgedampft wer¬ den. Durch die Schicht 36, die den äußeren Abschluß der Kapselung 28 bildet, wird eine stabile Passi- vierung der gesamten Vorrichtung 10 erzielt, so daß
diese gegenüber äußeren Einflüssen langzeitstabil ist.The second layer 36 is applied to the getter layer 38. The layer 36 is selected here in such a way that the getter layer 38 is completely enclosed, so that it has no contact with the outside. The second layer 36 consists, for example, of a metal, for example aluminum, copper, nickel, chromium, tin or tantalum, a metal alloy, for example nickel-chromium or a metal oxide, for example aluminum oxide or silicon oxide, or a nitride layer, for example aluminum nitride or Silicon nitride. The layer 36 can preferably be sputtered or evaporated onto the previously applied plastic layer 34 and the getter layer 36. A stable passivation of the entire device 10 is achieved by the layer 36, which forms the outer closure of the encapsulation 28, so that this is long-term stable against external influences.
Etwa auftretende Reste beziehungsweise infolge von Leckage auftretendes Sauerstoff oder Wasser werden durch die Getterschicht 38 quasi aufgesogen, so daß diese nicht an die Grenzschichten zwischen den Elek¬ troden 16 und 18 mit dem organischen Material 14 beziehungsweise direkt an das organische Material 14 kommen können. Das Mehrschichtsystem 32 besitzt somit eine äußerst geringe Permeation für Sauerstoff und Wasser.Any residues that occur or oxygen or water that occur as a result of leakage are virtually absorbed by the getter layer 38, so that they cannot come to the boundary layers between the electrodes 16 and 18 with the organic material 14 or directly to the organic material 14. The multilayer system 32 thus has an extremely low permeation for oxygen and water.
Da das Mehrschichtsystem aus wenigstens zwei Schich¬ ten, nämlich der Kunststoffschicht 34 und der metal¬ lischen Deckschicht 36 oder bei zusätzlicher An¬ ordnung der Getterschicht 38 aus drei Schichten von jeweils dünn aufgetragenden Materialien besteht, wird insgesamt die Flexibilität der Vorrichtung 10 im wesentlichen nicht beeinträchtigt. Somit ist es also möglich, trotz Anordnung der Kapselung 28 die elek¬ trolumineszierende Vorrichtung nach der Herstellung, das heißt nach dem Aufbau der Schichtsysteme, den entsprechenden Anwendungen anzupassen.
Since the multilayer system consists of at least two layers, namely the plastic layer 34 and the metallic cover layer 36 or, in the case of an additional arrangement of the getter layer 38, consists of three layers of thinly applied materials, the flexibility of the device 10 essentially does not increase impaired. It is thus possible, despite the arrangement of the encapsulation 28, to adapt the electroluminescent device to the corresponding applications after production, that is to say after the structure of the layer systems.
Claims
1. Elektrolumineszierende Vorrichtung mit einem elek¬ trolumineszierenden Schichtsystem aus einem zwischen zwei mit einer Gleichspannungsquelle verbindbaren Elektroden angeordneten lichtemittierenden organi¬ schen Material, wobei die erste Elektrode eine löcherinjizierende Elektrode (Anode) und eine zweite Elektrode eine elektroneninjizierende Elektrode1. Electroluminescent device with an electroluminescent layer system made of a light-emitting organic material arranged between two electrodes that can be connected to a direct voltage source, the first electrode being a hole-injecting electrode (anode) and a second electrode being an electron-injecting electrode
(Kathode) ist, und einer Kapselung, dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet, daß die Kapselung (28) aus einem Mehr¬ schichtsystem (32) besteht.(Cathode), and an encapsulation, characterized in that the encapsulation (28) consists of a multilayer system (32).
2. Elektrolumineszierende Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, das das Mehrschichtsystem (32) flexible Schichten (34, 36, 38) aufweist.2. Electroluminescent device according to claim 1, characterized in that the multilayer system (32) has flexible layers (34, 36, 38).
3. Elektrolumineszierende Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Mehrschichtsystem (32) eine der Geometrie des elektrolumineszierenden Schichtsystems (12) angepaßte Kontur aufweist.3. Electroluminescent device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the multilayer system (32) one of the geometry of the Electroluminescent layer system (12) has adapted contour.
4. Elektrolumineszierende Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Mehrschichtsystem (32) einseitig auf das Schicht¬ system (12) aufgebracht ist und die Elektroden (16, 18) und das organische Material (14) umschließt.4. Electroluminescent device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the multilayer system (32) is applied on one side to the layer system (12) and encloses the electrodes (16, 18) and the organic material (14).
5. Elektrolumineszierende Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Mehrschichtsystem (32) aus einer ersten aus Kunststoff bestehenden Schicht (34) und einer zwei¬ ten, metallhaltigen Schicht (36) besteht.5. Electroluminescent device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the multilayer system (32) consists of a first layer consisting of plastic (34) and a second, metal-containing layer (36).
6. Elektrolumineszierende Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die metallhaltige Schicht (36) aus einem Metall, einer Metallegierung, einem Metalloxid oder einem Metallnitrid besteht.6. Electroluminescent device according to claim 5, characterized in that the metal-containing layer (36) consists of a metal, a metal alloy, a metal oxide or a metal nitride.
7. Elektrolumineszierende Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen der ersten und zweiten Schicht (34, 36) eine zusätzliche Getterschicht (38) vorgesehen ist.7. Electroluminescent device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an additional getter layer (38) is provided between the first and second layers (34, 36).
8. Elektrolumineszierende Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Getterschicht (38) von der zweiten Schicht (36) außer an den Kontaktbe¬ reichen mit der Schicht (34) vollständig umschlossen wird. 8. Electroluminescent device according to claim 7, characterized in that the getter layer (38) from the second layer (36) except the contact areas with the layer (34) is completely enclosed.
9. Elekrolumineszierende Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schicht (34) aus Kunststoff aufgeschleudert, auf¬ gedruckt, aufextrudiert oder durch Tauchbeschichtung aufgebracht ist.9. Electro-luminescent device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the layer (34) made of plastic is spun on, printed on, extruded or applied by dip coating.
10. Elekrolumineszierende Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die metallische Schicht (36) aufgedampft oder aufge- sputtert ist. 10. Electro-luminescent device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metallic layer (36) is vapor-deposited or sputtered on.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19539050 | 1995-10-20 | ||
DE19539050.4 | 1995-10-20 | ||
DE19603746A DE19603746A1 (en) | 1995-10-20 | 1996-02-02 | Electroluminescent layer system |
DE19603746.8 | 1996-02-02 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1997016053A1 true WO1997016053A1 (en) | 1997-05-01 |
Family
ID=26019630
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE1996/001872 WO1997016053A1 (en) | 1995-10-20 | 1996-09-26 | Electroluminescent layer system |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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WO (1) | WO1997016053A1 (en) |
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WO2000036661A1 (en) * | 1998-12-17 | 2000-06-22 | Cambridge Display Technology Ltd. | Organic light-emitting devices |
US6383664B2 (en) | 1999-05-11 | 2002-05-07 | The Dow Chemical Company | Electroluminescent or photocell device having protective packaging |
US7005798B2 (en) | 1999-04-28 | 2006-02-28 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Flexible organic electronic device with improved resistance to oxygen and moisture degradation |
US7018713B2 (en) | 2003-04-02 | 2006-03-28 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Flexible high-temperature ultrabarrier |
KR100784355B1 (en) * | 2000-03-27 | 2007-12-13 | 가부시키가이샤 한도오따이 에네루기 켄큐쇼 | Self-light emitting device and method of manufacturing the same |
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US8904819B2 (en) | 2009-12-31 | 2014-12-09 | Samsung Display Co., Ltd. | Evaporator with internal restriction |
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US9184410B2 (en) | 2008-12-22 | 2015-11-10 | Samsung Display Co., Ltd. | Encapsulated white OLEDs having enhanced optical output |
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US9822454B2 (en) | 2006-12-28 | 2017-11-21 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Nucleation layer for thin film metal layer formation |
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US10950821B2 (en) | 2007-01-26 | 2021-03-16 | Samsung Display Co., Ltd. | Method of encapsulating an environmentally sensitive device |
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US9481927B2 (en) | 2008-06-30 | 2016-11-01 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method of making inorganic or inorganic/organic hybrid barrier films |
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