WO1997015491A1

WO1997015491A1 - A turbine having improved efficiency

Info

Publication number: WO1997015491A1
Application number: PCT/SE1996/001016
Authority: WO
Inventors: Dragoljub Perunicic
Original assignee: Scabel Ab
Priority date: 1995-10-24
Filing date: 1996-08-23
Publication date: 1997-05-01
Also published as: AU3715495A; WO1996007305A3; AU7101596A; WO1996007305A2

Abstract

A turbine (1) having improved efficiency consisting of two extensible connection arms (7) each of which having one pair of wing frames (13) with flexible stretched canvas (20) thereon rotating around orbits (18) of two diametrically opposed cranks (10) of a crankshaft (2) inclining the canvas to wind so that the resistance of canvas (20) to wind forms an aerodynamical configuration of canvas producing high air pressures on one end side of each canvas which pushes the canvas on the side rotating the crankshaft (2). Another end of each connection arm (7) is attached to a secondary frame (4) which is positioned by a direction fin (19) to wind at an angle of 90 degrees. The crankshaft (2) rotates a shaft (5) and underwater secondary turbines (31) thereon each having fins (32) radially fixed between top and bottom ring plates (33) so that an inner hollow cylinder (40) which is movable up and down within gaps between ring plates (41) determines the volume of incoming water which is taken by fins (32) out from the side openings (36) of outer cylinder (39) propelling a boat (29).

Description

A Turbine Having Improved Efficiency

Description

Technical Field

The invention relates to propelling and wind or wave or water-driven turbines and

more particularly to rotatable horizontal turbines.

Background Art

In the prior art, turbines which are mentioned in Patents no. DE-2734829; GB-

2032371 ; DE-3303532; US-3212470 and US-1506847 comprising a horizontal arm

mostly having two mobile vanes, which rotate due to the unequal resistance to

wind. Such arm is fixed to the top of a rotating vertical shaft or mast at the center

of rotation. When the rotational power is transmitted to water or a generator,

water resistance or cems from the generator respectively decrease the force and

the speed of the turbine. In this case, the wings of the turbine are exposed much

longer to a pushing force of wind, so such pushing force is transmitted to the boat

through the shaft or rotating mast directly in the same way as takes place in a

sailboat through a stationary mast, pushing the boat besides a propeller or a centrifugal pump. This causes problem when the boat moves against the wind, as

the rotational force of such turbine is not strong enough to neutralize the pushing

effect of wind on the boat. Probably this is one of main reasons why such turbines

are not found in use. There is a simiier situation with vertically rotating turbines and

with the invention in Patent no. US-1506847. This Patent has not been found in

use, probably due to the advantages which is obtained by using the propeller or the

centrifugal pump as in Patent no. GB 2023371. Also, the pushing force of wind directly puts pressure on the bearings of the

generator or gears.

Disclosure of the Invention

The present invention rotates due to the wind resistance of two pairs of

diametrically located wing frames comprising canvas of flexible stretched sheet

material over the frames, which forms an aerodynamical form of each canvas

and a difference between air pressures at the opposite ends of such canvas. Each

wing frame is fixedly mounted at the ends of a wing arm. Each wing arm is fixedly

mounted at an angle of 90 degrees at the end part of an extensible connection arm

which is movable attached to a crank of a crankshaft while the other end of the

connection arm is movable attached to a secondary frame in order to determine the

incline angles of wing frames to wind during rotation of wing arms around the orbits

of the cranks. A shaft of the crankshaft is rotatable mounted to a main frame. The

secondary frame which independently rotating around the shaft follows the wind

direction at an angle of 90 degrees due to a direction fin which is fixedly mounted

on the secondary frame at the same angle. Alternating aerodynamical configuration

of each canvas which is achieved due to the wing frames positions on the orbits of

the cranks when the wing frames are not parallel to the wind direction, produces the

high air pressure on one end side of each canvas moving the canvas on the side

rotating the crankshaft. The end of connection arms rotating around the orbits of the

cranks ensures almost all the time that the canvas of diametrically disposed pairs of

wings having the opposite configuration to each other. Due to such movement of

canvas a boat or bearings of a generator are not pushed through the shaft in

comparison with a sailboat or a wind-driven generator respectively having a mast with canvas or a horizontal turbine rotating due to unequal resistance to wind of

two wings. The present improvement introduces a number of smaller sizes of

canvas coupled with levers(a horizontal arm of the crank and the wing arm) which

replaces a large surface of the canvas, the mast and the keel used in a sailboat. A

boat having the present invention is easy to steer and control as it does not require

any special equipment or a sailor^'s skill in comparison with a sailboat in which the

canvas must be maneuvered by the sailor to achieve the necessary incline angles.

The boat may sail in any direction including againat the wind. To use a keel is

not as important as in the sailboat. If the secondary frame consists of an

extensible arm(s), the centrifugal force may automatically control incline angles of

wings when the shaft rotation is too strong to achieve a constant speed. If the

turbine of the present invention consisting of one or two connection arms and one

or two wind sets respectively, two small secondary mobile fins which rotate due to

unequal resistance to wind are recommended in order to take out the wing set from

position in which the wing set(s) is parallel to the wind direction. The secondary fins

having rotatable upright axis are connected through axis arms and a fin connection

arm being adjustable to the wind direction. Through such construction of the

present invention incline angles are automatically achieved. The direction of the

shaft rotation may be determined with a side where the secondary frame is fixedly

mounted to the direction arm. To transfer power to propel the boat without gears

and shifting gears may be achieved with the turbine as described above when such

turbine is mounted to the shaft in water and in which the direction fin is replaced

with an accessible steering handle for the sailor(ln this case surface of wings and

levers" length of the wing arm of the wind driven turbine and the turbine in water

RECT.FJE0 SHEET RULE 91 must be proportional due to different density between air and water). Mounting the

direction arm with the steering handle on the other side of the secondary frame in

water in comparison with the side where the direction fin is fixed to the secondary

frame in air, wing sets disposed in air and water incline on the same side when the

boat moves againat the wind so that wind pushing wings with canvas actually

pushes wings under the water propelling the boat. When the boat moves in the

same direction as the wind, wing sets located in the water incline on the opposite

side in comparison with wings located in the air. If the secondary frame in the water

is extensible the sailor may change incline angles of wings in the water in order to

change speeds or adjust the pushing force of the turbine in the water with the wind

force which rotates the shaft. This is an advantage in comparison with a propeller or

a centrifugal pump which itself can not change the surface of the blades. Also,

changing speed is possible with another embodiment of the present invention

having secondary turbines which are fixedly mounted to the same vertical shaft,

being separated by top and bottom ring plates having fins inbetween. In one

embodiment an outer hollow cylinder which is movable up and down over the

secondary turbines changes speeds controling volume of the water which is taken

out from the cylinder through openings located on one side of the outer cylinder.

Such secondary turbines may have a stabilization function too. In another

embodiment an inner hollow cylinder which is movable located up and down

through holes of ring plates shifts speeds with the control handle or an automatic

control means regulating the volume of liquid which is coming through the hole of

the inner cylinder into gaps between each two ring plates so that fins take the water

out through extension openings mounted on one side of the outer cylinder. Such control may coordinate the intensity of pushing force in the water with the force of

wind power. The mentioned embodiments which are driven by wind or wave or

runing water may power the boat or the generator or a pump as well to propel the

boat with a gasoline engine. If the present invention is used as an underwater

pump a floating object may be attached to the inner cylinder through a rope so

when the level of liquid drops the turbine takes out less liquid or vice versa.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figs. 1 a -1 b show perspective views of embodiments of the present invention

having one and three-crank shaft which are drawn in Figs. 2a - 2b and Figs. 3a -3c.

Figs.lc and Fig.1 d show a perspective and a partial cross-section view respectively

of a connection arm with a wing set.

Figs. 2a - 2b show top views of an embodiment of the present invention which

is driven by wind, in which the direction of wind force is drawn with arrows.

Fig.2c shows a perspective view of the embodiment of the present invention which

is driven by wave power, in which the direction of wave force is drawn with arrows.

Fig.2d shows a perspective view of the secondary fin means.

Figs.2e-2d show top views of the secondary fin means in two different positions.

Figs. 3a - 3b show top views of another embodiment of the present invention which

is used to propel the boat, in which the direction of force is drawn with arrows.

Fig.3c shows a perspective view of the embodiment drawn in Fig.3b.

Figs. 4a - 4b show another embodiment of the present invention which is used to

propel the boat. Fig.4a shows a cross-section view. Fig.4b shows a top cross-

section view along a line A-A' in Fig.4a. Liquid flow is shown with arrows.

Figrs. 5a - 5b show another embodiment of the present invention. Fig.5a shows a cross-section view. Fig.δb shows a top cross-section view along a line B-B' in Fig.

5a. Liquid flow is shown with arrows.

Figs. 6 shows a perspective view of an extensible arms of the secondary frame

which may be used in the embodiments of the present invention shown in

Figs. 2a - 2b and Figs. 3a - 3b.

Fig. 7 shows a front view of an automatic volume control means which may be

used with the embodiment shown in Figs. 5a - 5b.

Fig. 8 shows a perspective view of embodiments of the present invention drawn in

Figs. 2a - 2b and Figs. 5a - 5b, which is used to power and propel the boat.

Best Modes for Carrying Out the Invention

A turbine(1) having improved efficiency as shown in Fig.1 a and Fig.2a as an

embodiment of the present invention which is driven by wind through wings(22) in

order to power a boat(29) consists of a crankshaft(2) which is rotatable mounted

to a main frame(3) and a secondary frame(4) which is independently and rotatable

mounted to a vertical shaft(5) of the crankshaft(2). The secondary frame(4) is

fixedly mounted at an angle of 90 degrees to a horizontal direction arm(6) having a

direction fin(19). The secondary frarπe(4) and each crank(10) of the crankshaft(2)

are movable attached with extensible connection arms(7). A wing set(11)

comprising a wing arm(12) which center is fixedly mounted to the connection

arm(7) at an angle of 90 degrees and two wing frames(13) which are vertically

mounted to ends of the wing arm(12) being extended in the same direction. The

connection arm(7) comprising three tubes(15) each movable disposed inside the

hole of the larger tube(15") being connected through springs(16). The canvas(20)

made of flexible sheet material is stretched between upright sides of each wing frame(13). When the wing frames(13) are not parallel to the direction of wind,

the canvas(20) is inclined to wind so that the wind force forms an aerodynamical

configuration of each canvas(20). The high air pressure which is created on one

end side of each canvas pushes the wings(22) on the side rotating the crank(10).

Each wing set(11 ) alternately changing incline angles to the direction of wind

depending on a position on the orbit of the crank(18). A means as shown in Fig.2d

comprising smaller secondary mobile fins(23)(only for one or two-cranks) in order to

move the wing set(11) out from neutral positions or when wings(22) are in positions

parallel to the direction of wind. Such secondary fins(23) each fixedly mounted to a

rotatable upright axis(24) are in a yoke through axis arms(26) each of which

disposed 135 degrees apart from the secondary fin(23) and through a diagonally

disposed fin connection arm(27) which is movable mounted to the ends of axis

arms(26). Upright blocking rods(28) each of which fixedly mounted to the end of the

crank(10) and an extension rod(25) respectively between the axis arm(26) and the

fin connection arm(27) blocking movement of secondary fins(23) so that always one

of secondary fins(23) is ully exposed to wind alternatively changing position.

As shown in Fig. 6 horizontaly arms(17) of the secondary frame(4) having an

extensible arms(44) with a balance weight(45) thereon extend when the rotational

speed and centrifugal force are increased decreasing incline angles of the wing

set(11 ) to wind or vice versa.

As shown in Fig.5a a turbine(1) having improved efficiency as another embodiment

of the present invention which is used to propel the boat(29) comprising three

secondary turbines (31) one above the other having radially mounted fins(32)

between top and bottom ring plates(33) and an inner cylinder(40) which is movable inserted between holes(41) of_. ring plates(33). The shaft(5) which is driven by wind

power rotates secondary turbines(31 ) within an outer cylinder(39) having three

extension openings(36) on one side to direct water out. A tube(42) which

surrounding the shaft(5) moves the inner cylinder(40) up and down along the

shaft(5) with a control handle(43) so that the inner cylinder(40) closing or opening

one or more gaps between ring plates(33) determining a volume of water which is

taken in such gap and then out by fins(32) through the outer cylinder(39)

propelling the boat. The outer cylinder(39) may steer the boat(29).

As shown in Fig.7 a bracket(46) which is fixedly mounted to the shaft(5) at an

angle of 90 degrees comprising a vertically disposed fork(47) which may immobilize

the control handle(43) of the shaft(5) and a mobile balance weight(48) which is

movable located along the bracket(46). When wind rotational speed is increased

the mobile balance weight(48) is moved by the centrifugal force pulling up the

tube(42) of the inner cylinder(40) through a rope(50) over a spool(49) increasing

the volume of water entering through the secondary turbines(31) or vice versa.

Such automatic control rneans coordinates the intensity of pushing force in water

with the force of the wind power.

Claims

Claim

1. A turbine(1) having improved efficiency comprising a crankshaft(2) which is

rotatable mounted to a main frame(3); a secondary frame(4) which is

independently and rotatable mounted to a vertical shaft(5) of the crankshaft(2); a

direction arm(6) which is fixedly mounted to the secondary frame(4) at the point

close to the crankshaft(2); one or more extensible connection arms(7) each of

which movable attached with one end to an upright arm(8) of the secondary

frame(4) and with another end to an upright arm(9) of the crank(10) of the

crankshaft(2); one or more wing sets(11) each of which comprising a wing arm(12)

and two wing frames(13), wherein the center of each wing arm(12) is fixedly

mounted to the end of connection arm(7) at the point close to the upright arm(9) of

the crank(10), wherein one of the upright arms(14) of each wing frame(13) is

fixedly mounted to one end of the wing arm(12), wherein each wing frame(13) is

equally located from the center of the wing arm(12), wherein each wing frame(13)

is extended in the same direction as the wing arm(12), characterized in that the

direction arm(6) is mounted at an angle of 90 degrees to the horizontally disposed

arms(17) of the secondary frame(4), characterized in that each half of the wing

arm(12) is mounted at an angle of 90 degrees to the connection arm(7), wherein the

crankshaft(2) comprising at least one crank(10), wherein the turbine(1) comprising

more then one crank(10) the secondary frame(4) and the direction arm(6) are

preferably rotatable located within the main frame(3), wherein each connection

arm(7) comprising preferably three tubes(15), wherein each smaller diameter

tube(15^") is movable located inside the hole of larger tube(15"), wherein the end of the smaller size tube(15 ) is connected to the opposite end of the larger

tube(15") through a spring(16), wherein the spring(16) is located inside the hole of

the tube(15 ), wherein the length of each tube(15) is preferably equal to the

diameter of the orbit of the crank(18), characterized in that the connection arm(7)

when the crankshaft(2) rotates extends length or vice versa.

2. As claimed in Claim 1 , wherein a direction fin(19) is fixedly mounted to the end of

the direction arm(6), wherein each wing set(11) is rotatable between the cranks(10)

of the crankshaft(2), wherein a canvas(20) of flexible material or a plate(21) is

spread between upright sides of each wing frame(13), wherein the crankshaft(2) is

driven by a force of a motive power source through wing sets(11), wherein the

direction fin(19) follows the direction of such force, characterized in that each wing

arm(12) with wing frames(13) thereon during rotation is not limited by the secondary

frame(4), characterized in that each connection arm(7) determines the angles of the

wing(22) toward the direction of force, wherein wings(22) incline to the

direction of force when the end of the connection arm(7) is at any position on an

orbit of the crank(18) between shortest and longest distance or between positions

when the wings(22) are parallel to the direction of force, wherein the force

pushes inclined wings(22) on the side making rotation of the crank(10) of the

crankshaft(2), wherein wings(22) do not incline toward the direction of force

when the ends of the connection arms(7) are at the shortest or longest distance

respectively on the orbit of the crank(18) or when wings(22) are parallel to the

direction of force, wherein each wing(22) of the wing set(11) is equally pushed by

the force in the same direction, characterized in that each wing(22) alternately

changing the incline angles toward the direction of force depending on a position of the connection arm(7) on the orbit of the crank(18) rotating the crankshaft(2) in the

same direction, characterized in that the force pushing wings(22) on the sides

minimizing the pressure on the shaft of the crankshaft(2), characterized in that the

direction of rotation of the crankshaft(2) is determined with the side where the

5 secondary frame(4) is fixedly mounted to the direction arm(6), wherein the

turbine(1 ) comprises three cranks(10) then one of wing set(11 ^') is inclined on one

side to the force while another wing set(11 ") is inclined on another side while

third wing set(11 ^"') is not inclined or it is inclined at the smallest angle, wherein in

the turbine(1 ) which comprises one or two cranks(10) a pair of smaller secondary

0 mobile fin(23) is preferably used to move the wing sets(11) out from neutral

positions when wing sets(11) are disposed parallel to the direction of force,

wherein self-adjustable secondary fins(23) rotate due to unequal resistance to the

force, wherein each secondary fin(23) is fixedly mounted to an upright axis(24)

which is rotatable mounted to the horizontaly disposed arm of the crank(10) on one

5 end side from the rotational center and to an extension rod(25) of the crank

shaft(10) on another end side, wherein the end of each axis(24) is fixedly mounted

to a horizontally disposed axis arm(26), wherein each secondary fin(23) is fixedly

mounted 135 degrees apart from the axis arm(26), wherein the end of each

axis(26) is movable connected with a diagonally disposed fin connection arm(27),

0 wherein the movement of the secondary fins(23) are limited with upright blocking

rods(28) each of which fixedly mounted to the end of the crank(10) and to the

extension rod(25) respectively between the axis arm(26) and the fin connection

arm(27) so that always one of the secondary fins may be exposed to wind.

3. As claimed in Claim 1 , wherein the main frame(3) is fixedly mounted to a boat(29), wherein a steering handle(30) is fixedly mounted to the end of the direction arm(6)

being accessible to a sailor of the boat(29), wherein the turbine(1) is used to propel

the boat(29), wherein a plate(21) is fixedly mounted to upright arms(14) of each

wing frame(13), wherein a force of a motive power source(wind or wave or water or

engines) drives the crankshaft(2), characterized in that the end of each connection

arm(7) rotating around an orbit of the crank(18) determines the angles of the

wing(22) to the water, wherein each inclined wing(22) pushes the water in one

direction and the boat(29) in the opposite direction through the cranks(10) of the

crankshaft(2) and the main frame(3), wherein each wing(22) alternately changing

the angles depending on a position on the orbite of the crank(18), wherein the

direction of the movement of the boat(29) depends on the direction of rotation of the

crankshaft(2) and the projected side where the secondary frame(4) is fixedly

mounted to the direction arm(6), wherein the steering handle(30) steers the boat(29).

4. A turbine(1 ) having improved efficiency comprising at least two secondary

turbines(31) one above the other; fins(32) which are radially and peripherially

and fixedly mounted between top and bottom ring plates(33) separating the

secondary turbines(31); the shaft(5) which is rotatable mounted to a main frame(3)

of a boat(29) being driven by a motive power source; a disc(34) which is fixedly

mounted to one ring plate(33) with one side and to the end of the shaft(5) on other

side; an outer hollow cylinder(35) having at least two extension openings(36) on

one side which direct water from the cylinder(35); a tube(37) having one end fixedly

mounted to the cylinder(35) and another end connected to a control handle(38),

wherein the tube(37) surrounding the shaft(5) is rotatable and movable adjustable up and down along the shaft(5) with the control handle(38), characterized in that the

cylinder(35) which may be moved up and down covering one or more secondary

turbines(31) determines the volume of the water which is taken in and out from the

cylinder(35) propelling the boat(29), characterized in that when the cylinder(35)

does not cover any secondary turbine(31) water is not directed in any direction so

the secondary turbine(31) has a stabilization function only, wherein the control

handle(38) moving the cylinder(35) with side openings(36) steers the boat(29).

5. A turbine(1) having improved efficiency comprising at least two secondary

turbines(31) one above the other rotatable located within an outer hollow

cylinder(39); fins(32) which are radially and peripherially and fixedly mounted

between top and bottom ring plates(33); the shaft(5) which is driven by a motive

power source; a disc(34) which is fixedly mounted to one ring plate(33) and to the

end of the shaft(5); the movable outer cylinder(39) having at least two extension

openings(36) on one side which direct water out; an inner hollow cylinder(40) which

is movable inserted between holes(41) of ring plates(33) of secondary turbines(31);

a tube(42) having one end fixedly mounted to the inner cylinder(40) and another

end connected to a control handle(43), wherein the tube(42) surrounding the

shaft(5) is rotatable and movable adjustable up and down along the shaft(5) with

the control handle(43), characterized in that the inner cylinder(40) which may be

moved up and down through holes(41) of ring plates(33) closing or opening gaps

between ring plates(33) determines the volume of liquid which is taken into each

secondary turbine(31) through the hole of the inner cylinder(40) so that fins(32)

push the liquid out from the outer cylinder(39), characterized in that when the inner

cylinder(40) does not close any gap between ring plates(33) the liquid coming through the hole of the inner cylinder(40) supplying fins(32) of all secondary

turbines(31).

6. As claimed in Claim 2, wherein horizontal arms of the secondary frame(17)

comprising extensible arms(44) and a balance weight(45) which is fixedly

mounted to the upright arm(8), characterized in that a centrifugal force when the

rotational speed is increased moves the balance weight(45) extending the

extensible arms(44) of the secondary frame(4) decreasing incline angles of the

wing sets(11) or vice versa.

7. As claimed in Claim 5, wherein a bracket(46) is fixedly mounted to the shaft(5) at

an angle of 90 degrees, wherein the bracket(46) comprising a vertically disposed

fork (47) which may be used to immobilize the control handle(43); a mobile balance

weight(48) which is movable located along the bracket(46); a spool(49) which is

mounted next to the shaft(5); a rope(50) which connects the mobile balance

weight(48) with the tube(37) over the spool(49), characterized in that when

rotational speed is increased the mobile balance weight(48) is moved by the

centrifugal force pulling up the tube(42) of the inner cylinder(40) through the

rope(50) increasing the volume of water which is coming in the secondary

turbine(31) or vice versa, wherein such automatic control means coordinates

the intensity of propulsion force in the liquid with the force of the motive power

source without shifting gears.

8. As claimed in Claim 2, wherein a canvas(20) of flexible sheet material or

plate(21) is stretched between upright arms(14) of each wing frame(11) so that

wings(22) are driven by wind or wave respectively, wherein the turbine(1) is used

to drive a rotor(51 ) of a generator(52) to produce electricity.

9. As claimed in Claim 2 or/and Claim 5, wherein the secondary turbine(31) is used

to propel a boat(29), wherein the turbine(1) is driven by wind as the motive power

source through wings(22) having canvas(20) of flexible sheet material or by wave

through wings(22) having plates(21), wherein the wind force forms an

aerodynamical configuration due to a resistance of canvas(20) to the wind when

wings(22) incline to the wind force creating a high air pressure on one end side of

each canvas(20) which pushes wings(22) to rotate the crankshaft(2), wherein the

shaft(5) which is driven by wind or wave or runing water or an engine rotating the

secondary turbines(31) takes water in the outer cylinder(39) through a hole of the

inner cylinder(40) and then pushes the water out from the openings(36) on one

side of the outer cylinder(39) propelling the boat.

10. As claimed in Claim 5, wherein the turbine(1) is used as a submarine or

underwater pump(53) to pump liquids (water, crude oil and so).