WO1997014590A1 - Brake system - Google Patents

Brake system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1997014590A1
WO1997014590A1 PCT/EP1996/004364 EP9604364W WO9714590A1 WO 1997014590 A1 WO1997014590 A1 WO 1997014590A1 EP 9604364 W EP9604364 W EP 9604364W WO 9714590 A1 WO9714590 A1 WO 9714590A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pressure
pedal
pressure source
brake system
brake
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1996/004364
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Manfred Kahrs
Peter E. Rieth
Jochen Burgdorf
Stefan A. Drumm
Alfred Eckert
Original Assignee
Itt Automotive Europe Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Itt Automotive Europe Gmbh filed Critical Itt Automotive Europe Gmbh
Publication of WO1997014590A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997014590A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/321—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration deceleration
    • B60T8/3255—Systems in which the braking action is dependent on brake pedal data
    • B60T8/326—Hydraulic systems
    • B60T8/3265—Hydraulic systems with control of the booster
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/66—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/68—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems by electrically-controlled valves
    • B60T13/686—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems by electrically-controlled valves in hydraulic systems or parts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T7/00—Brake-action initiating means
    • B60T7/02—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation
    • B60T7/04—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation foot actuated
    • B60T7/042—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation foot actuated by electrical means, e.g. using travel or force sensors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/24—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to vehicle inclination or change of direction, e.g. negotiating bends
    • B60T8/241—Lateral vehicle inclination
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/24—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to vehicle inclination or change of direction, e.g. negotiating bends
    • B60T8/245—Longitudinal vehicle inclination
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/321—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration deceleration
    • B60T8/3255—Systems in which the braking action is dependent on brake pedal data
    • B60T8/326—Hydraulic systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/321—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration deceleration
    • B60T8/328—Systems sharing components with other fluid systems onboard the vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
    • B60T8/48—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition connecting the brake actuator to an alternative or additional source of fluid pressure, e.g. traction control systems
    • B60T8/4809—Traction control, stability control, using both the wheel brakes and other automatic braking systems
    • B60T8/4827—Traction control, stability control, using both the wheel brakes and other automatic braking systems in hydraulic brake systems
    • B60T8/4845—Traction control, stability control, using both the wheel brakes and other automatic braking systems in hydraulic brake systems using a booster or a master cylinder for traction control

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a brake system according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a brake system is known from GB PS 1597930.
  • the patent describes that a drive piston is provided which is electrically controllably loaded with a hydraulic pressure in order to provide an additional actuating force for a master cylinder.
  • the present invention proposes to use such a drive unit for targeted pedal force amplification, for which purpose a pedal sensor is provided which at least detects the pedal travel.
  • the pressure to be controlled in the drive chamber is determined by the pedal travel.
  • the pressure source can also be used to build up an actuation pressure for the master cylinder independently of a pedal actuation.
  • Such a system is referred to as a power brake system.
  • the basic idea is therefore to supply a simple drive unit with pressure medium via an electrically controllable pressure source in such a way that it can work both as an amplifier for the pedal force and as the sole actuation force source for the master cylinder.
  • Such a system can also be expanded in such a way that the controllable pressure source is used to actuate the clutch, and not only in the cases described in the prior art, namely in the case of traction control, the driven wheels from Motor to separate, but also on the basis of control signals of the control of a semi-automatic transmission.
  • both the signals of a pedal travel sensor and the signals of a pedal force sensor can advantageously be used in combination.
  • Fig. 1 shows the basic system of an externally actuated brake system
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment in which a clutch actuation is provided in addition to the basic embodiment.
  • the basic system consists of a master cylinder 1, which in this embodiment is designed as a tandem master cylinder.
  • a drive unit 2 is mechanically connected upstream of the master cylinder 1 and is supplied with hydraulic energy via an electrically controllable pressure source 3.
  • the drive unit contains a drive piston, which is not shown here, which is supported on the working piston of the main cylinder.
  • the drive piston further delimits a drive chamber which is connected to the electrically controllable pressure source 3 via a line 4.
  • the drive unit is thus designed such that the master cylinder is actuated when pressure medium flows under pressure from the pressure source 3 into the drive chamber.
  • a pedal 5 which interacts with the drive unit via a pedal piston 6.
  • This can be done in different ways.
  • a first possibility is that the pedal piston 6 is firmly connected to the drive piston.
  • Another possibility is that the pedal piston 6 only rests on the drive piston.
  • the pedal piston 6 only dips into the drive chamber with one active surface, which means that the pressure applied in the drive chamber counteracts the pressure exerted by the driver.
  • the pedal piston 6 is supported only on a simulation spring.
  • a pedal sensor 7 which in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1 comprises a displacement sensor. This sensor detects the pivoting path of the pedal 5, which it travels under the influence of the pedal force.
  • the pedal sensor may include a force sensor that measures the force applied to the pedal.
  • the signals from the pedal sensor 7 are fed to an electronic control unit 8 which, on the basis of certain algorithms, calculates the pressure which the pressure source 3 is to make available to the drive chamber.
  • the control unit 8 calculates corresponding control signals that are made available at the output 9.
  • the form of the signals at the output 9 depends on the type of pressure source. If the pressure source contains a pump, the pressure medium delivery is controlled by a valve, so stand Corresponding switching signals for the valve are available at output 9. If the pressure source is formed by an actuating cylinder, the piston of which is driven by a motor, corresponding signals for the servomotor are present at output 9.
  • Two brake circuits which comprise a plurality of wheel brakes 12, 13, 14, 15, are connected to the master cylinder 1.
  • the brake circuits 10, 11 contain a hydraulic control unit 16, which contains inlet and outlet valves and return pumps.
  • Various hydraulic circuit options are known here, which need not be explained in more detail here. It is crucial that the pressures in the wheel brakes can be set individually and independently of the pressure in the master cylinder with the help of the valves.
  • the electronic control unit 8 now provides at least two algorithms which are assigned to different operating modes.
  • a pressure for the drive unit for actuating the master cylinder 1 is determined as a function of the signals from the pedal sensor, in particular from the signals from the displacement sensor.
  • the actuation pressure is determined in such a way that the actuation force increases disproportionately as the pedal travel increases, which roughly corresponds to the force-travel characteristic of a pedal for a conventional brake system.
  • the system works in the Ultimately, like a mechanically operated proportional valve of a conventional hydraulic amplifier.
  • a pressure sensor 17 connects to the chamber or to the pressure line 4, the signal of which is sent to the electronic control unit 8, so that a subordinate pressure regulator can be implemented.
  • the wheels of the vehicle provided with the wheel brakes 12 - 15 are provided with speed sensors 18, 19, 20, 21, which also send their signals to the electronic control unit 8.
  • the wheel sensors make it possible to determine the slip of the wheels so that brake slip control can take place in the event that one or more wheels threaten to lock.
  • control signals are sent to the hydraulic control unit 16.
  • Brake slip control runs independently of the control of the drive unit 2.
  • the hydraulic control unit 16 can, however, not only be used to regulate the brake slip, ie to prevent the wheels from locking, but also to limit the drive slip, or to build up braking forces in a targeted manner in order to prevent skidding to prevent the vehicle.
  • These and other systems are called “externally operated” summarized, since in this case a brake pressure is built up in the wheel brakes, even without the pedal 5 being actuated.
  • the electronic control unit 8 has an interface 22 to further electronic controllers which have corresponding control algorithms and control the pressure source 3 via the electronic control unit 8 in such a way that pressure is built up in the master cylinder 1 independently of a pedal actuation, which pressure is then generated by a Control of the hydraulic control unit 16 is modified in accordance with the control algorithms stored in the further electronic control units.
  • the peculiarity of the brake system is thus that both in the case of pedal actuation and in the case of external actuation, the actuation pressure in the drive unit 2 is fed in via an electrically controllable pressure source 3.
  • a mechanically operating proportional valve in the drive unit 2 can thus be dispensed with.
  • FIG. 2 shows an extension of the system according to FIG. 1 with a clutch actuation 30.
  • the electronic control unit 8 for the pressure source 3 is spatially integrated with the electronic control for the hydraulic control unit 16.
  • the pedal sensor 7 here, as already indicated, consists of a displacement sensor 31 and a force sensor 32.
  • the fields 33 and 34 indicate further sensors which are necessary in order to be able to carry out various control tasks.
  • the electrically controllable pressure source 3 here consists of a pump 35 and a memory 36 which has two outlets 39 and 40 separated by pressure regulators 37, 38. While one outlet 39 is led to the drive unit 2 via the pressure line 4, the second outlet 46 leads to a clutch actuation 30 via a pressure line 41. That is to say, a common hydraulic drive is provided for the drive unit 2 and for the clutch actuation 30 ⁇ seen.
  • the pressure provided by the pump is around 50 bar. This is a common actuation pressure for clutches in passenger cars, which makes it possible to use actuating cylinders made of plastic.
  • the drive unit 2 can now also be adapted to this pressure level, so that an integrated pressure supply system is created at a low pressure level.
  • An electronic control unit 8 ' is provided for actuating the pressure adjusters 37 and 38 Signals from the pedal sensors 31, 32 receives signals from sensors 42 which are necessary to carry out the control of the clutch actuation.
  • the control unit 8 ' also contains sub-algorithms which ensure that the drive unit 2 for actuating the brake is supplied with pressure medium as a priority.
  • the system described is of particular interest if there is no clutch pedal in the vehicle and the clutch is therefore not actuated automatically by the driver but on the basis of signals from a corresponding sensor system. In this way, a semi-automatic transmission can be realized.
  • a common pedal characteristic is namely characterized in that large pedal travel is covered in an initial phase without the pressure in the brake circuits increasing disproportionately. However, as soon as a certain pressure has been built up, disproportionate increases in pressure can be achieved with small additional pedal travel. 97/14590 PO7EP96 / 04364
  • the easiest way to carry out the pressure control or regulation in the booster mode is to base the control on the path information at low pressures, while the force information is used at high pressures.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Regulating Braking Force (AREA)

Abstract

The proposed brake system has a main cylinder (1) operated via a drive unit (2). The latter is supplied from an electrically actuated pressure source (3) with a pressurised medium. In a so-called boost mode, the pressure is determined by the pedal pathway. For that purpose, a pedal sensor (7) is provided. However, the pressure source (3) also supplies pressurised fluid independently of any pedal operation, so that brake pressure can be increased in the wheel brakes for adjustment operations relating to the longitudinal and transverse dynamics of the vehicle even without the driver operating the brake. The basic concept of the invention is to dispense with a mechanically operated valve in the drive unit (2) and ensure that pressure can be increased both in the event of a pedal operation and of a power-brake operation and is in both cases controlled electronically. The pressure source (3) can also be used to operate a clutch.

Description

BremsanlageBraking system
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Bremsanlage gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a brake system according to the preamble of claim 1.
Eine derartige Bremsanlage ist aus der GB PS 1597930 be¬ kannt.Such a brake system is known from GB PS 1597930.
Die Patentschrift beschreibt, daß ein Antriebskolben vorgesehen ist, der elektrisch steuerbar mit einem hydrau¬ lischen Druck belastet wird, um eine zusätzliche Be¬ tätigungskraft für einen Hauptzylinder zur Verfügung zu stellen.The patent describes that a drive piston is provided which is electrically controllably loaded with a hydraulic pressure in order to provide an additional actuating force for a master cylinder.
Die vorliegende Erfindung schlägt vor, eine derartige An¬ triebseinheit zur gezielten Pedalkraftverstärkung zu nutzen, wozu ein Pedalsensor vorgesehen ist, der zumindest den Pe¬ dalweg erfaßt. Der in die Antriebskammer einzusteuernde Druck wird dabei bestimmt von dem Pedalweg. Die Druckquelle kann aber auch dazu genutzt werden, um unabhängig von einer Pedalbetätigung einen Betätigungsdruck für den Hauptzylinder aufzubauen. Ein derartiges System wird als Fremdkraftbremsanlage bezeichnet.The present invention proposes to use such a drive unit for targeted pedal force amplification, for which purpose a pedal sensor is provided which at least detects the pedal travel. The pressure to be controlled in the drive chamber is determined by the pedal travel. The pressure source can also be used to build up an actuation pressure for the master cylinder independently of a pedal actuation. Such a system is referred to as a power brake system.
Die Grundidee besteht somit darin, eine einfache Antriebs¬ einheit derart über eine elektrisch steuerbare Druckquelle mit Druckmittel zu versorgen, daß diese sowohl als Verstär¬ ker für die Pedalkraft als auch als alleinige Betätigungs¬ kraftquelle für den Hauptzylinder arbeiten kann.The basic idea is therefore to supply a simple drive unit with pressure medium via an electrically controllable pressure source in such a way that it can work both as an amplifier for the pedal force and as the sole actuation force source for the master cylinder.
Ein derartiges System kann auch dahingehend erweitert wer¬ den, daß die steuerbare Druckquelle dazu genutzt wird, die Kupplung zu betätigen und zwar nicht nur in den Fällen, die im Stand der Technik beschrieben sind, nämlich im Falle ei¬ ner Antriebsschlupfregelung die angetriebenen Räder vom Mo¬ tor zu trennen, sondern auch auf Grund von Steuersignalen der Steuerung eines halbautomatisches Getriebes.Such a system can also be expanded in such a way that the controllable pressure source is used to actuate the clutch, and not only in the cases described in the prior art, namely in the case of traction control, the driven wheels from Motor to separate, but also on the basis of control signals of the control of a semi-automatic transmission.
Zur Steuerung der Pedalkraftverstärkung können in vorteil¬ hafter Weise sowohl die Signale eine Pedalwegsensors als auch die Signale eine Pedalkraftsensors in Kombination her¬ angezogen werden.To control the pedal force amplification, both the signals of a pedal travel sensor and the signals of a pedal force sensor can advantageously be used in combination.
Weitere Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung können den Unteran¬ sprüchen entnommen werden.Further refinements of the invention can be found in the subclaims.
Die Erfindung soll im folgenden anhand von zwei Ausführungs- beispielen näher erläutert werden. Dabei zeigt Fig. 1 das Grundsystem einer fremdbetätigbaren Bremsanlage, und dieThe invention will be explained in more detail below on the basis of two exemplary embodiments. It shows Fig. 1 shows the basic system of an externally actuated brake system, and
Fig. 2 eine Ausführungsform, bei der zusätzlich zur Grund¬ ausführung eine Kupplungsbetätigung vorgesehen ist.2 shows an embodiment in which a clutch actuation is provided in addition to the basic embodiment.
Es soll zunächst auf die Fig. 1 Bezug genommen werden. Das Grundsystem besteht aus einem Hauptzylinder 1, der in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel als Tandem-Hauptzylinder ausgeführt ist. Dem Hauptzylinder 1 ist eine Antriebseinheit 2 mechanisch vorgeschaltet, die über eine elektrisch steuerbare Druck¬ quelle 3 mit hydraulischer Energie versorgt wird. Die An¬ triebseinheit enthält, was hier nicht näher dargestellt ist, einen Antriebskolben, der am Arbeitskolben des Hauptzylin¬ ders abgestützt ist. Der Antriebskolben begrenzt weiterhin eine Antriebskammer, die über eine Leitung 4 mit der elek¬ trisch steuerbaren Druckquelle 3 verbunden ist.Reference should first be made to FIG. 1. The basic system consists of a master cylinder 1, which in this embodiment is designed as a tandem master cylinder. A drive unit 2 is mechanically connected upstream of the master cylinder 1 and is supplied with hydraulic energy via an electrically controllable pressure source 3. The drive unit contains a drive piston, which is not shown here, which is supported on the working piston of the main cylinder. The drive piston further delimits a drive chamber which is connected to the electrically controllable pressure source 3 via a line 4.
Die Antriebseinheit ist damit so gestaltet, daß der Haupt¬ zylinder betätigt wird, wenn Druckmittel unter Druck aus der Druckquelle 3 in die Antriebskammer einströmt.The drive unit is thus designed such that the master cylinder is actuated when pressure medium flows under pressure from the pressure source 3 into the drive chamber.
Um die Druckquelle 3 steuern zu können, und um ggf., das heißt bei Ausfall der Druckquelle 3, den Hauptzylinder 1 mechanisch betätigen zu können, ist ein Pedal 5 vorgesehen, das über einen Pedalkolben 6 mit der Antriebseinheit zusam¬ menwirkt. Dies kann in unterschiedlicher Weise erfolgen. Eine erste Möglichkeit besteht darin, daß der Pedalkolben 6 fest mit dem Antriebskolben verbunden ist. Eine weitere Mög¬ lichkeit besteht darin, daß der Pedalkolben 6 lediglich am Antriebskolben anliegt. Außerdem kann vorgesehen sein, daß der Pedalkolben 6 lediglich mit einer Wirkfläche in die An¬ triebskammer eintaucht, was dazu führt, daß der in der An¬ triebskammer eingesteuerte Druck der vom Fahrer ausgeübten entgegenwirkt. Desweiteren ist es denkbar, daß der Pedalkol¬ ben 6 lediglich an einer Simulationsfeder abgestützt ist.In order to be able to control the pressure source 3 and to be able to mechanically actuate the master cylinder 1 if necessary, that is to say if the pressure source 3 fails, a pedal 5 is provided which interacts with the drive unit via a pedal piston 6. This can be done in different ways. A first possibility is that the pedal piston 6 is firmly connected to the drive piston. Another possibility is that the pedal piston 6 only rests on the drive piston. In addition, it can be provided that the pedal piston 6 only dips into the drive chamber with one active surface, which means that the pressure applied in the drive chamber counteracts the pressure exerted by the driver. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the pedal piston 6 is supported only on a simulation spring.
Entscheidend ist, daß ein Pedalsensor 7 vorgesehen ist, der in dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach der Fig. 1 einen Wegsensor umfaßt. Dieser Sensor erfaßt den Verschwenkweg des Pedals 5, den es unter Einwirkung der Pedalkraftdurch zurücklegt.It is crucial that a pedal sensor 7 is provided, which in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1 comprises a displacement sensor. This sensor detects the pivoting path of the pedal 5, which it travels under the influence of the pedal force.
Zusätzlich kann, was in dieser Figur nicht dargestellt ist, der Pedalsensor einen Kraftsensor enthalten, der die auf das Pedal ausgeübte Kraft mißt.In addition, what is not shown in this figure, the pedal sensor may include a force sensor that measures the force applied to the pedal.
Die Signale des Pedalsensors 7 werden einer elektronischen Steuereinheit 8 zugeführt, die aufgrund bestimmter Algorith¬ men den Druck errechnet, den die Druckquelle 3 der Antriebs¬ kammer zur Verfügung stellen soll. Dazu errechnet die Steu¬ ereinheit 8 entsprechende Stellsignale, die am Ausgang 9 zur Verfügung gestellt werden.The signals from the pedal sensor 7 are fed to an electronic control unit 8 which, on the basis of certain algorithms, calculates the pressure which the pressure source 3 is to make available to the drive chamber. For this purpose, the control unit 8 calculates corresponding control signals that are made available at the output 9.
Die Form der Signale am Ausgang 9 hängt von der Art der Druckquelle ab. Beinhaltet die Druckquelle eine Pumpe, deren Druckmittelabgabe über ein Ventil gesteuert wird, so stehen am Ausgang 9 entsprechende Schaltsignale für das Ventil zur Verfügung. Wird die Druckquelle von einem Stellzylinder gebildet, dessen Kolben von einem Motor angetrieben wird, so liegen am Ausgang 9 entsprechende Signale für den Stellmotor vor.The form of the signals at the output 9 depends on the type of pressure source. If the pressure source contains a pump, the pressure medium delivery is controlled by a valve, so stand Corresponding switching signals for the valve are available at output 9. If the pressure source is formed by an actuating cylinder, the piston of which is driven by a motor, corresponding signals for the servomotor are present at output 9.
An den Hauptzylinder 1 sind zwei Bremskreise, die mehrere Radbremsen 12,13,14,15 umfassen, angeschlossen.Two brake circuits, which comprise a plurality of wheel brakes 12, 13, 14, 15, are connected to the master cylinder 1.
Die Bremskreise 10,11 enthalten eine hydraulische Steuer¬ einheit 16, die Ein- und Auslaßventile sowie Rückförderpum¬ pen enthält. Hier sind verschiedene hydraulische Schaltungs¬ möglichkeiten bekannt, die an dieser Stelle nicht näher er¬ läutert werden brauchen. Entscheidend ist, daß mit Hilfe der Ventile die Drücke in den Radbremsen individuell und unab¬ hängig vom Druck im Hauptzylinder eingestellt werden können.The brake circuits 10, 11 contain a hydraulic control unit 16, which contains inlet and outlet valves and return pumps. Various hydraulic circuit options are known here, which need not be explained in more detail here. It is crucial that the pressures in the wheel brakes can be set individually and independently of the pressure in the master cylinder with the help of the valves.
Die elektronische Steuereinheit 8 sieht nun mindestens zwei Algorithmen vor, die unterschiedlichen Betriebsarten zugeordnet sind.The electronic control unit 8 now provides at least two algorithms which are assigned to different operating modes.
Im Verstärkermodus wird in Abhängigkeit von den Signalen des Pedalsensors, insbesondere von den Signalen des Wegsensors ein Druck für die Antriebseinheit zum Betätigen des Haupt¬ zylinders 1 ermittelt. Der Betätigungsdruck wird dabei so ermittelt, das mit größerwerdendem Pedalweg die Betätigungs¬ kraft überproportional ansteigt, was in etwa der Kraft-Weg¬ charakteristik eines Pedals für eine herkömmliche Bremsanla¬ ge entspricht. In dieser Betriebsart arbeitet das System im Endeffekt wie ein mechanisch betätigtes Proportionalventil eines üblichen hydraulischen Verstärkers.In the booster mode, a pressure for the drive unit for actuating the master cylinder 1 is determined as a function of the signals from the pedal sensor, in particular from the signals from the displacement sensor. The actuation pressure is determined in such a way that the actuation force increases disproportionately as the pedal travel increases, which roughly corresponds to the force-travel characteristic of a pedal for a conventional brake system. In this operating mode, the system works in the Ultimately, like a mechanically operated proportional valve of a conventional hydraulic amplifier.
Um den in der Steuereinheit 8 errechneten Druck in der An¬ triebskammer einstellen zu können, schließt an die Kammer bzw. an die Druckleitung 4 ein Drucksensor 17 an, dessen Signal an die elektronische Steuereinheit 8 gegeben wird, sodaß ein unterlagerter Druckregler realisiert werden kann.In order to be able to set the pressure calculated in the control unit 8 in the drive chamber, a pressure sensor 17 connects to the chamber or to the pressure line 4, the signal of which is sent to the electronic control unit 8, so that a subordinate pressure regulator can be implemented.
Die mit den Radbremsen 12 - 15 versehenen Räder des Fahr¬ zeuges sind mit Drehzahlsenoren 18,19,20,21 versehen, die ihre Signale ebenfalls an die elektronische Steuereinheit 8 geben.The wheels of the vehicle provided with the wheel brakes 12 - 15 are provided with speed sensors 18, 19, 20, 21, which also send their signals to the electronic control unit 8.
Die Radsensoren ermöglichen es, den Schlupf der Räder zu ermitteln, so daß für den Fall, daß eine oder mehrere Räder zu blockieren drohen, eine Bremsschlupfregelung stattfinden kann. Dazu werden Steuersignale an die hydraulische Steuer¬ einheit 16 gegeben.The wheel sensors make it possible to determine the slip of the wheels so that brake slip control can take place in the event that one or more wheels threaten to lock. For this purpose, control signals are sent to the hydraulic control unit 16.
Eine Bremsschlupfregelung läuft dabei unabhängig von der Steuerung der Antriebseinheit 2.Brake slip control runs independently of the control of the drive unit 2.
Die hydraulische Steuereinheit 16 kann aber nicht nur einge¬ setzt werden, um den Bremsschlupf zu regeln, also ein Blok- kieren der Räder zu vermeiden, sondern auch um den Antriebs¬ schlupf zu begrenzen, oder aber gezielt Bremskräfte aufzu¬ bauen, um ein Schleudern des Fahrzeuges zu verhindern. Diese und weitere Systeme werden unter dem Begriff "fremdbetätigt" zusammengefaßt, da in diesem Fall ein Bremsdruck in den Rad¬ bremsen aufgebaut wird, auch ohne daß das Pedal 5 betätigt wird. Dazu weist die elektronische Steuereinheit 8 eine Schnittstelle 22 zu weiteren elektronischen Reglern auf, die entsprechende Regelalgorithmen aufweisen und über die elek¬ tronische Steuereinheit 8 die Druckquelle 3 derart steuern, daß unabhängig von einer Pedalbetätigung im Hauptzylinder 1 ein Druck aufgebaut wird, der anschließend durch eine An¬ steuerung der hydraulischen Steuereinheit 16 entsprechend der in den weiteren elektronischen Steuereinheiten abgeleg¬ ten Regelalgorithmen modifiziert wird.The hydraulic control unit 16 can, however, not only be used to regulate the brake slip, ie to prevent the wheels from locking, but also to limit the drive slip, or to build up braking forces in a targeted manner in order to prevent skidding to prevent the vehicle. These and other systems are called "externally operated" summarized, since in this case a brake pressure is built up in the wheel brakes, even without the pedal 5 being actuated. For this purpose, the electronic control unit 8 has an interface 22 to further electronic controllers which have corresponding control algorithms and control the pressure source 3 via the electronic control unit 8 in such a way that pressure is built up in the master cylinder 1 independently of a pedal actuation, which pressure is then generated by a Control of the hydraulic control unit 16 is modified in accordance with the control algorithms stored in the further electronic control units.
Die Besonderheit der Bremsanlage liegt somit darin, daß so¬ wohl im Fall einer Pedalbetätigung als auch im Falle einer Fremdbetätigung der Betätigungsdruck in der Antriebseinheit 2 über eine elektrisch steuerbare Druckquelle 3 eingespeist wird. Damit kann auf ein mechanisch arbeitendes Proportio¬ nalventil in der Antriebseinheit 2 verzichtet werden.The peculiarity of the brake system is thus that both in the case of pedal actuation and in the case of external actuation, the actuation pressure in the drive unit 2 is fed in via an electrically controllable pressure source 3. A mechanically operating proportional valve in the drive unit 2 can thus be dispensed with.
Die Fig. 2 zeigt eine Erweiterung des Systems nach Fig. 1 mit einer Kupplungsbetätigung 30.FIG. 2 shows an extension of the system according to FIG. 1 with a clutch actuation 30.
Weiterhin ist die elektronische Steuereinheit 8 für die Druckquelle 3 räumlich integriert mit der elektronischen Steuerung für die hydraulische Steuereinheit 16.Furthermore, the electronic control unit 8 for the pressure source 3 is spatially integrated with the electronic control for the hydraulic control unit 16.
Weiterhin wird diese kombinierte elektronische Steuereinheit räumlich zusammengeführt mit der hydraulischen Steuereinheit 16. Der Pedalsensor 7 besteht hier, wie schon angedeutet, aus einem Wegsensor 31 sowie einem Kraftsenor 32. Die Felder 33 und 34 deuten weitere Sensoren an, die notwendig sind, um verschiedene Regelaufgaben erledigen zu können.Furthermore, this combined electronic control unit is spatially combined with the hydraulic control unit 16. The pedal sensor 7 here, as already indicated, consists of a displacement sensor 31 and a force sensor 32. The fields 33 and 34 indicate further sensors which are necessary in order to be able to carry out various control tasks.
Die elektrisch steuerbare Druckquelle 3 besteht hier aus einer Pumpe 35 und einem Speicher 36, die über zwei durch Drucksteller 37,38 getrennte Ausgänge 39 und 40 verfügt. Während der eine Ausgang 39 über die Druckleitung 4 zur An¬ triebseinheit 2 geführt ist, führt der zweite Ausgang 46 über eine Druckleitung 41 zu einer Kupplungsbetätigung 30. Das heißt für die Antriebseinheit 2 sowie für die Kupplungs¬ betätigung 30 ist ein gemeinsamer hydraulischer Antrieb vor¬ gesehen.The electrically controllable pressure source 3 here consists of a pump 35 and a memory 36 which has two outlets 39 and 40 separated by pressure regulators 37, 38. While one outlet 39 is led to the drive unit 2 via the pressure line 4, the second outlet 46 leads to a clutch actuation 30 via a pressure line 41. That is to say, a common hydraulic drive is provided for the drive unit 2 and for the clutch actuation 30 ¬ seen.
Grundsätzlich können natürlich anstelle einer gemeinsamen Druckquelle 35 auch getrennte Druckquellen vorgesehen wer¬ den, die z. B. als Stellaktuatoren ausgebildet sein können.In principle, of course, instead of a common pressure source 35, separate pressure sources can also be provided, which, for. B. can be designed as actuators.
Der von der Pumpe zur Verfügung gestellt Druck liegt bei ca 50 bar. Dies ist ein üblicher Betätigungsdruck für Kupplun¬ gen in Personenkraftwagen, der es ermöglicht Stellzylinder aus Kunststoff zu verwenden. Die Antriebseinheit 2 kann nun ebenfalls diesem Druckniveau angepaßt werden, so daß ein integriertes Druckversorgungssystem auf niedrigen Druckni¬ veau ensteht.The pressure provided by the pump is around 50 bar. This is a common actuation pressure for clutches in passenger cars, which makes it possible to use actuating cylinders made of plastic. The drive unit 2 can now also be adapted to this pressure level, so that an integrated pressure supply system is created at a low pressure level.
Zur Betätigung der Drucksteller 37 und 38 ist eine elektronische Steuereinheit 8' vorgesehen, die neben den Signalen der Pedalsensoren 31,32 Signale von Sensoren 42 erhält, die notwendig sind, die Steuerung der Kupplungsbetä¬ tigung durchzuführen.An electronic control unit 8 'is provided for actuating the pressure adjusters 37 and 38 Signals from the pedal sensors 31, 32 receives signals from sensors 42 which are necessary to carry out the control of the clutch actuation.
Die Steuereinheit 8' enthält auch Unteralgorithmen, die da¬ für sorgen, daß die Antriebseinheit 2 zur Betätigung der Bremse mit Priorität mit Druckmittel versorgt wird.The control unit 8 'also contains sub-algorithms which ensure that the drive unit 2 for actuating the brake is supplied with pressure medium as a priority.
Das beschriebene System ist insbesondere dann von Interesse, wenn im Fahrzeug auf ein Kupplungspedal verzichtet wird, und die Kupplung somit nicht vom Fahrer sondern automatisch auf¬ grund von Signalen einer entsprechenden Sensorik betätigt wird. Auf diese Weise kann ein halbautomatisches Getriebe realisiert werden.The system described is of particular interest if there is no clutch pedal in the vehicle and the clutch is therefore not actuated automatically by the driver but on the basis of signals from a corresponding sensor system. In this way, a semi-automatic transmission can be realized.
Für den eingangs erwähnten Verstärkermodus hat es sich als vorteilhaft herausgestellt, mit zwei Pedalsensoren zu arbei¬ ten, wobei der eine Sensor als Wegsensor und der andere Sen¬ sor als Kraftsensor ausgebildet ist.For the amplifier mode mentioned at the outset, it has proven to be advantageous to work with two pedal sensors, one sensor being designed as a displacement sensor and the other sensor being designed as a force sensor.
Eine übliche Pedalcharakteristik ist nämlich dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet, daß in einer Anfangsphase große Pedalwege zurückgelegt werden, ohne daß der Druck in den Bremskreisen überproportional ansteigt. Sobald aber ein bestimmter Druck aufgebaut worden ist, lassen sich schon mit kleinen zusätz¬ lichen Pedalwegen überproportionale Drucksteigerungen er¬ reichen. 97/14590 PO7EP96/04364A common pedal characteristic is namely characterized in that large pedal travel is covered in an initial phase without the pressure in the brake circuits increasing disproportionately. However, as soon as a certain pressure has been built up, disproportionate increases in pressure can be achieved with small additional pedal travel. 97/14590 PO7EP96 / 04364
- 10 -- 10 -
Die Drucksteuerung bzw -Regelung im Verstärkermodus läßt sich damit am einfachsten durchführen, indem bei kleinen Drücken die Steuerung auf die Weginformation aufbaut, wäh¬ rend bei hohen Drücken die Kraftinformation genutzt wird. The easiest way to carry out the pressure control or regulation in the booster mode is to base the control on the path information at low pressures, while the force information is used at high pressures.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Bremsanlage mit einem Hauptzylinder (1), der eine Ar¬ beitskammer aufweist, die von einem Arbeitskolben be¬ grenzt wird und an die Bremskreise mit Radbremsen ange¬ schlossen sind, mit einer Antriebseinheit (2), die einen Antriebskolben aufweist, der am Arbeitskolben abgestützt ist, und der eine Antriebskammer begrenzt, und mit einer elektronisch steuerbaren Druckquelle, die hydraulisch mit der Antriebskammer verbunden ist, mit einer elektronischen Steuereinrichtung, die einen Druck für die Antriebskammer ermittelt und entsprechende Si¬ gnale an die Druckquelle (3) abgibt, dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet, daß ein Pedalsensor (7,31,32) vorgesehen ist, der zumindest den Pedalweg erfaßt, wobei aufgrund der Pedalweginformation der Druck in der Antriebskammer er¬ mittelt wird und wobei der Druck in der Antriebskammer ausschließlich aufgrund eines elektronischen Steuersi¬ gnals bestimmt und eingestellt wird.1. Brake system with a master cylinder (1) which has a working chamber which is delimited by a working piston and is connected to the brake circuits with wheel brakes, with a drive unit (2) which has a drive piston which is on the Working piston is supported and which delimits a drive chamber, and with an electronically controllable pressure source, which is hydraulically connected to the drive chamber, with an electronic control device which determines a pressure for the drive chamber and emits corresponding signals to the pressure source (3), characterized in that a pedal sensor (7, 31, 32) is provided which detects at least the pedal travel, the pressure in the drive chamber being determined on the basis of the pedal travel information and the pressure in the drive chamber being determined solely on the basis of an electronic control signal gnals is determined and set.
2. Bremsanlage nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in den Bremskreisen eine hydraulische Steuereinheit (16) vorgesehen ist, die wenigstens ein Ventil und mindestens eine Rückförderpumpe beinhaltet, wobei durch eine entsprechende Ansteuerung der hydraulischen Steuerein¬ heit (16) der Druck in den Radbremsen (13,14,15) indivi¬ duell und unabhängig vom Hauptzylinderdruck eingestellt werden kann. 2. Brake system according to claim 1, characterized in that a hydraulic control unit (16) is provided in the brake circuits, which contains at least one valve and at least one return pump, the pressure in the by a corresponding control of the hydraulic Steuerein¬ unit (16) Wheel brakes (13, 14, 15) can be set individually and independently of the master cylinder pressure.
3. Bremsanlage nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Pedalsensor (7) neben einem Wegsensor (31) einen weiteren Sensor (32) enthält, der die auf das Pedal (5) ausgeübte Kraft ermittelt und an eine elektrische Steu¬ ereinheit weitergibt.3. Brake system according to claim 1, characterized in that the pedal sensor (7) in addition to a displacement sensor (31) contains a further sensor (32) which determines the force exerted on the pedal (5) and passes it on to an electrical control unit.
4. Bremsanlage nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der in die Antriebskammer eingesteuerte Druck bei klei¬ nen Pedalwegen aufgrund der Pedalweginformation und bei großen Betätigungskräften aufgrund der Kraftinformation ermittelt wird.4. Brake system according to claim 3, characterized in that the pressure introduced into the drive chamber is determined in the case of small pedal paths on the basis of the pedal travel information and in the case of large actuation forces on the basis of the force information.
5*. Bremsanlage nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die elektrisch steuerbare Druckquelle (3) über einen er¬ sten Ausgang (39) verfügt, der mit der Antriebseinheit (2) verbunden ist, und über einen weiteren Ausgang (40) verfügt, der mit einer Kupplungsbetätigung verbunden ist.5 * . Brake system according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrically controllable pressure source (3) has a first output (39) which is connected to the drive unit (2) and a further output (40) which has a Clutch actuation is connected.
6. Bremsanlage nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Druckquelle (3) für beide Ausgänge über eine gemein¬ same Druckquelle (35) verfügt. 6. Brake system according to claim 5, characterized in that the pressure source (3) for both outputs has a common pressure source (35).
PCT/EP1996/004364 1995-10-19 1996-10-09 Brake system WO1997014590A1 (en)

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DE1995138974 DE19538974B4 (en) 1995-10-19 1995-10-19 braking system
DE19538974.3 1995-10-19

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WO2007020249A1 (en) * 2005-08-15 2007-02-22 Continental Teves Ag & Co. Ohg Method and device for operating a hydraulic brake system for a vehicle
WO2010037519A2 (en) * 2008-09-30 2010-04-08 Ipgate Ag Central pressure supply for auxiliary drives of a motor vehicle
WO2010083925A1 (en) * 2009-01-23 2010-07-29 Continental Teves Ag & Co. Ohg Electrohydraulic brake system and method for operating the same
WO2013060396A1 (en) * 2011-10-25 2013-05-02 Wabco Gmbh Braking method and braking device for a vehicle and hydraulic brake system and vehicle associated therewith
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DE102008064942B3 (en) * 2008-09-30 2020-12-10 Ipgate Ag Central pressure supply for power take-offs (multiplex operation)
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WO2004045934A2 (en) * 2002-11-16 2004-06-03 Continental Teves Ag & Co. Ohg Method for operating a hydraulic vehicle-braking system
WO2004045934A3 (en) * 2002-11-16 2004-09-02 Continental Teves Ag & Co Ohg Method for operating a hydraulic vehicle-braking system
WO2007020249A1 (en) * 2005-08-15 2007-02-22 Continental Teves Ag & Co. Ohg Method and device for operating a hydraulic brake system for a vehicle
WO2010037519A2 (en) * 2008-09-30 2010-04-08 Ipgate Ag Central pressure supply for auxiliary drives of a motor vehicle
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WO2010083925A1 (en) * 2009-01-23 2010-07-29 Continental Teves Ag & Co. Ohg Electrohydraulic brake system and method for operating the same
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CN102292246B (en) * 2009-01-23 2016-08-10 大陆-特韦斯贸易合伙股份公司及两合公司 Electro-hydraulic brake system and the method operating this electro-hydraulic brake system
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CN115030972A (en) * 2022-07-01 2022-09-09 北京航空航天大学 Small-size multi-point hydraulic remote synchronous brake system
CN115030972B (en) * 2022-07-01 2023-04-07 北京航空航天大学 Small-size multi-point hydraulic remote synchronous brake system

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DE19538974B4 (en) 2004-05-13

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